Climate Types. Hydrographic Data

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1 Political Administrative Region: Samtskhe- Javakheti Total Area: 6.41 thousand km % of the territory of Georgia. Administrative Borders: To the East surrounded by the Javakheti range and Abulsamsari range borders on Kvemo Kartli. To the West surrounded by Arsiani range borders on Adjara autonomous republic. To the North surrounded by the Achara-Imereti range and Trialeti range borders on Shida Kartli, Imereti and Guria. The South border of the region is the national frontier with Armenia and Turkey. Administrative Districts: Akhaltsikhe district Administrative Centre and the biggest town of the region with the population of The town is situated within the Akhaltsikhe depression on the both banks of the river Potskhovi on the elevation of 1000 m above sea level. Akhalkalaki district - Town Akhalkalaki with the population of is situated on the Akhlkalaki volcanic plateau on the elevation of 1700m above sea level. Borjomi district Town Borjomi with the population of is situated in the Borjomi gorge on the elevation of m above sea level. Ninotsminda district Town Ninotsminda with the population of 6000 is situated on the elevation of 1940m above sea level. Adigeni district Small town Adigeni with the population of Asindza district Small town Aspindza with the population of Climate Types Mildly dry subtropical Cold winters and warm and long summers Average temperature in January ranges between 0, C with increase of altitude Average temperature in July is +16, C Annual average precipitation is mm Hydrographic Data Main Lakes Samtskhe Javakheti region is rich in lakes. Total number of lakes -80 Main Lakes: Paravani lake the largest lake in Georgia. Located on meters above sea level. Surface area 37.5 km², Maximum depth 3.3 m, Average depth 2.2m The lake is frozen in winter ice thickness ranges between 47-73cm Kartsakhi lake located on 1799 m above sea level. Surface area 26.3m, Maximum depth 1.0m Tabatskuri lake- located on 1997 m above sea level. Surface area 14.2 km², Maximum depth 4.2m Khanchali lake - located on 1928 m above sea level. Surface area 13.3 km², Maximum depth 0.7m Madatapa lake- located on 2108 m above sea level. Surface area 8.8 km², Maximum depth 1.7m

2 Saghamo lake - located on 1996 m above sea level. Surface area 4.8 km², Maximum depth 2.3m Main Rivers: Kura - total length 1364 km, 390km in Georgia Potskhovi - total length 64 km, 35km in Georgia Paravani total length 81km Kvabliani total length 40 km Uraveli total length 8.3km Landscapes and Soils Landscape diversity: Mountain landscapes with forests Mountain landscapes with steppes (typical only to Samtskhe-Javakheti) High mountain meadow subalpine and alpine landscapes Soil types: Brown soil Black soil Protected Areas of Samtskhe -Javakheti Borjomi-Kharagauli National Park Location: Located in Central Georgia on the slopes of the Lesser Caucasus. Status: National Park (II category World Conservation Union - IUCN protected areas categories) Distance from Tbilisi: 160 km General description: Borjomi Kharagauli National Park was established in 1995 and opened in 2001 with the aim to preserve the wild nature area especially the virgin mountain forests. Overall area of the Park is ha. The large territory of the park is covered by virgin forests that is the home to endemic and relict species. Rich biodiversity can be found in the forests and sub alpine and alpine meadows of the Park. In 2007 the Borjomi-Kharagauli National Park became a member of European network of Protected Areas. Floristic diversity: Forests of the Kharagauli part of the Borjomi-Kharagauli National Park are presented by dark coniferous, deciduous and mixed forests. Mixed deciduous forests are mainly consisted of chestnut trees (Castanea sativa), beech trees (Fagus orientalis), hornbeams (Carpinus orientalis), Caucasian lime (Tilia begoniifolia), Colchis oak (Quercus hartwissiana), Caucasian rhododendron (Rhododendron caucasica) and ash tree (Fraxinus excelsior). With the increase of altitude in some areas beech (Fagus orientalis) forests are replaced by mixed deciduous forests with Colchis subforest, and further the hornbeam(carpinus orientalis) groves, beech-chestnut groves, spruce -groves and silver fir-groves. In the Borjomi gorge the coniferous forests are spread including spruce-groves, silver fir-groves and spruce and silver fir-groves. In the upper zones of the forest belt the dark coniferous forests of spruce-groves and silver fir-groves dominate, which are composed of Oriental spruce (Picea orientalis), Nordmann Fir (Abies nordmanniana) and pine (Pinus sosnowskyi). In subalpine belt the subalpine forests and bushes, subalpine high grasses and meadows are spread. Fauna: The fauna of Borjomi-Kharagauli is diverse. Among large carnivores one can find Gray wolf (Canis lupus), lynx (Lynx lynx) and Brown bear (Ursus arctos). Among the hoofed animals - Roe deer (Capreolus capreolus)and Wild boar (Sus scrofa). Borjomi gorge was always famous for its population of Caucasian Red deer (Cervus elaphus). Bezoar goats (Capra aegagrus) used to live on local rocks

3 since the ancient times, though nowadays only the reintroduced Bezoar goats inhabit the territory. Most of the large mammals of the Park are recorded in the Red List of Georgia. Among small mammals here inhabit several species of mice, dormouse, weasel, Pine marten, Stone marten, Caucasian squirrel (Sciurus anomalus). Nearly everywhere can be found Red fox (Vulpes vulpes) and hare (Lepus europaeus). Several species of lizards and snakes can be found in the National Park. Among them are the Caucasian agama (Laudakia caucasica), Armenian rock lizard (Lacerta armeniaca) and Greek Tortoise (Testudo graeca). The park is home to the following rare bird species: Golden eagle (Aquila chrysaetos), Griffon vulture (Gyps fulvus),black vulture (Aegypius monachus) and Caucasian Black grouse (Tetrao mlokosiewiczi). Endemic species: Rhododendron caucasica, Tetrao mlokosiewiczi Relict species: Abies nordmanniana, Picea orientalis Species of the Red List of Georgia: Castanea sativa, Quercus hartwissiana, Taxus baccata, Paeonia steveniana, Iridodictyum winogradowii, Sciurus anomalus, Lynx lynx, Capra aegagrus, Cervus elaphus Ursus arctos, Aquila chrysaetos, Gyps fulvus, Aegypius monachu, Testudo graeca Contact information: Borjomi-Kharagauli National Park 23 Meskheti Str. Borjomi 1200, Georgia Tel.: ; Javakheti Planned Protected Areas The ecosystem of Javakheti is unique in the Caucasus region with its mountain steppes, sub alpine high grasses and lakes, and due to its uniqueness Javakheti was selected as a priority conservation area. Javakheti ecosystem is recognized as one of the most important habitat for migrant birds, most of which are included in the IUCN Red List. Natural Resources Heat -Power Sector Brown coal Akhaltsikhe Brown coal Ferrous Metallurgy Akhaltsikhe Manganese Non-Ferrous Metallurgy Adigeni Gold Borjomi Gold Borjomi Silver Building Industry Facing stones magmatic layers Borjomi Gabbro-diase Facing stones marmorized limestone

4 Akhalkalaki, Borjomi marmorized limestone Facing stones basalt and dolerite Akhaltsikhe, Aspindza basalt Akhalkalaki, Aspindza dolerite Concrete fillers Occurrence region Deposit Ninotsminda perlite Borjomi, Akhalkalaki, Ninotsminda volcanic scoria Run-of-quarry limestone Akhalkalaki Run-of-quarry limestone Building sand-gravel Akhaltsikhe, Adigeni sand-gravel Brick clays Akhaltsikhe clays Raw saw stones and debris Akhaltsikhe Tuff breccias Cement production building gypsum Akhaltsikhe Gypsum Chemical Industry Diatomite Akhaltsikhe Diatomite Bentonite clay Adigeni, Akhaltsikhe Bentonite clays Acidic andensites Borjomi Acidic andensites Ceolites Akhaltsikhe, Aspindza Ceolites Peat Borjomi, Ninotsminda Peat Food Industry and Healthcare Artesian mineral waters Occurrence region Akhaltsikhe, Aspindza, Borjomi, Adigeni Fresh water Akhalkalaki, Borjomi fresh water Deposit Artesian mineral waters

5 Therapeutic minerals and layers Akhaltsikhe Ninotsminda Adigeni Green agate, Selenite Obsidian Opal tree Jewelry-Jobbing Industry Jobbing stones Adigeni Opalized tree Akhaltsikhe Aagate Ninotsminda Black and brown obsidian Economy Industry 17% Agriculture 49 % Significant part of production in Samtskhe-Javakheti region include mineral water bottling factories, bakeries, cheese and sausage producing plants and timber processing enterprises. Most of the production (80%) takes place in Borjomi district. Despite abundant resources (including hydro), the generation and supply of power in the region is very low. The region operates hydropower stations with the 0,5-0,7, 7 and 7-12 mgvt. capacity. There is a potential for constructing wind energy mills on the Javakheti Platue. The region abounds in thermal waters with curable properties and is known for its balneology resorts: Borjomi, Likani, Abastumani etc. Agriculture is well developed in the region. The total area of agricultural plots in the Samtskhe - Javakheti amounts to 396 thousand hectares, of which arable plots cover the territory of 77.6 thousand hectares. The area of 3.0 thousand hectares is assigned to perennial trees, 31.6 thousand hectares - to natural mow lands and thousand hectares - to pastures. Cereals and potatoes are predominantly produced on the arable plots. Fruits and vegetables of a high quality are grown in Akhaltsikhe and Aspindza. Population Quantity (4,7% of the total population of Georgia) National structure: Georgians, Armenians, Russians, Ossetians and Greeks. State of the Environment Responsible body for the regular monitoring of chemical and radiological pollution of air, soil and surface waters is the National Environmental Agency. The Agency is the legal entity of public law in the system of the Ministry of Environment Protection and Natural Resources of Georgia. One of the main duties of the Agency is to prepare and disseminate information on the pollution levels to both state and non-governmental organisations. The contact information of the National Environmental Agency: 150 Agmashenebeli Ave. Tbilisi 0112, Georgia Tel.: +995 (32) ; +995 (32) ; Fax: +995 (32) ; info@environment.ge

6 According to the law on Environment Protection and Presidential decree # 389 of 25 June, 1999 Ministry of Environment Protection and Natural Resources of Georgia is responsible to prepare and make publicly available reports on the state of the environment once in three years. These reports summarise information on the main directions in environmental policy-making of the country and on the quality of the environment, give overview on ongoing environmental projects and the results of the completed ones. The contact information of the Ministry of Environment Protection and Natural Resources of Georgia: 6 Gulua Str. Tbilisi 0114, Georgia Tel.: +995 (32) , Fax: ( ) press@moe.gov.ge Main concerns related to the state of the environment of the region Monitoring of the air pollution is carried out only for Akhaltsikhe and only single component, particulate matter is measured. The data are available for the stationary sources as well. Pollution from the stationary sources basically is connected to particulate matter, CO 2 and CO. Relatively high traffic intensity due to the international transit roads Akhaltsikhe Turkey and Akhaltsikhe Armenia contribute to the air pollution by soot, hydrocarbons, benzo(a)pyrene, NOx,CO, CO 2, and SO 2. Baku- Tbilisi-Ceyhan oil pipeline and South Caucasus natural gas pipeline pass through the region that also have impact on air quality. Air pollution by non-methane volatile organic compounds, NH 3, CH 4 and H 2 S are related to animal husbandry. Data on quality of the region s surface waters is extremely limited due to the infrequency of monitoring. Drinking water in the region is provided through centralized systems only in towns. Local Municipalities are responsible to ensure uninterrupted daily supply of safe drinking water to the population. Though, drinking water quality in the region does not correspond to the State standards due to the outdated infrastructure and inadequate disinfection. River pollution is basically linked with the discharge of untreated wastewater from sewer collectors and industrial discharge. Both municipal wastewater treatment plants in Bakuriani and in Abastumani are out of order. Untreated water from health centres and hospitals is the source for water pollution of the Kvabliani river and its tributary the Otskhe river downstream of Abastumani village and the Mtkvari river and its tributaries the Borjomula river and the Gujaretistskali river in the Borjomi district. River water quality is also affected by agricultural run-off. Another risk of the pollution of water, air and soil of the region is due to the improper disposal of household, industrial and medical wastes. The region operates 7 legal landfills though none of them comply to sanitary norms. Almost all of them are overloaded and with expired operation terms. Waste in the region is illegally dumped at the river banks and along railroads. Environmental Organizations The Association "Orbi" Address: 12 Tbilisi Str., Akhaltsikhe 0800, Georgia Tel.: ( ) , (995 99) ORBI_NGO@yahoo.com

7 Coalition Eco Group Eco Javakheti Address: 50 Tbilisi Str., Akhalkalaki, Georgia Tel.: (995 55) Association Borjomi Address: 8/10 9 th April Str., Borjomi, Georgia Tel.: (995 99) borjomiass@gol.ge Municipalities: Akhaltsikhe Municipality 18M. Kostava Str. Akhaltsikhe 0800, Georgia Tel.: ( ) Aspindza Municipality Address: 3 King Tamar Str. Aspindza, 0500 Georgia Tel.: ( ) , ( ) Ninotsminda Municipality Address: 43 Pushkini Str. Ninotsminda, 0900 Georgia Tel.: ( ) , ( ) , ( ) Samtskhe-Javakheti Regional office Ministry of Environment Protection and Natural Resources of Georgia Address: 2A Didimamishvili Str. Akhaltsikhe 0800, Georgia Tel.: ( ) Media Local TV: Borjomi Address: 1 Rustaveli Sq., 9th Fl. Borjomi, 0200 Georgia Tel.: ( ) , ( ) Local TV: 9 channel Address: 6 Tamar Mepe Str. Akhaltsikhe, 0500 Georgia Tel.: ( )

8 Local Newspaper: "Adgilis Deda - Akhaltsikhe" Address: 18 Merab Kostava Str. Akhaltsikhe 0800, Georgia Tel.: ( ) Local Newspaper: "Samkhretis Karibche" Address: 39 Rustaveli Str. Akhaltsikhe, 0800 Georgia Tel.: (995 99) samkhretisk@rambler.ru, samkhretisk@mail.ru Local Newspaper: "Borjomi" Address: 1 Merab Kostava Sq. Borjomi, 1200 Georgia Tel.: ( )

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