Seed production of native grasses and herbs in Austria

Transcription

1 Seed production of native grasses and herbs in Austria B. Krautzer & A. Blaschka Agricultural Research and Education Centre Raumberg-Gumpenstein, Austria Ecological Restoration and Sustainable Development Establishing Links Across Frontiers 7th SER European Conference on Ecological Restoration Avignon, August 2010

2 The Austrian seed market demand / year grasses legumes total t t t Grassland, forage (approx ha/year) Turf (approx ha/year) Landscaping (approx ha/year) Intertillage, catch crops, fallow, others approx ha/year) Source: Statistik Austria, AGES, AREC Raumberg-Gumpenstein

3 The Austrian seed market - Landscaping Potential annual areas and quantities High altitude restoration (ski runs, lifts, snowing equipment, risk prevention) Landscaping (e.g. public green, flood retention) ha tons Infrastructure (e.g. road construction, railway embankments, pipelines, cables etc.) total

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7 Seed production of Leontodon hispidus and Dianthus cartusianorum

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10 Harvest of tufted hairgrass (Avenella flexuosa)

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15 Site specific species for ecological restoration at the sub-alpine and alpine vegetation belt Grasses Agrostis capillaris Anthoxanthum odoratum Avenella flexuosa Bellardiochloa variegata Briza media Bromus inermis Deschampsia cespitosa ssp. alpina Festuca nigrescens Festuca picturata Festuca pseudodura Festuca supina Koeleria pyramidata Phleum hirsutum Phleum rhaeticum Poa alpina Legumes Anthyllis vulneraria ssp. alpestris Trifolium badium Trifolium nivale Forbs Achillea millefolium Dianthus superbus Leontodon hispidus Silene dioica Silene nutans Silene vulgaris

16 Site specific species for ecological restoration of semi-natural grassland Grasses Agrostis ssp. Anthoxanthum odoratum Arrhenaterum elatius Brachypodium pinnatum Briza media Bromus erectus Festuca nigrescens Festuca rupicola Helictotrichon pubescens Koeleria pyramidata Poa angustifolia Legumes Anthyllis vulneraria Medicago lupulina Trifolium dubium Trifolium campestre Trifolium arvense Forbs Agrimonia eupatoria Buphthalmum salicifolium Campanula patula Centaurea jacea Centaurea scabiosa Daucus carota Dianthus carthusianorum Dianthus deltoides Galium verum Helianthemum nummularium Hieracium pilosella Hypericum perforatum Knautia arvensis Leontodon hispidus Leucanthemum vulgare Lychnis viscaria Prunella grandiflora Salvia pratensis Scabiosa columbaria Silene vulgaris Thymus pulegioides Veronica teucrium

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20 Seed production area and number of propagated species Herbs Grasses production area ha

21 Seed production area (ha -1 ) in Austria 120 Species for high altitude restoration 120 Species for restoration of semi-natural grassland Herbs Grasses 18 24, , ,5 17,

22 Bio-geographical regions in Austria

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24 Important characteristics of chosen species seed row spacing weed yield TSW GC purity specie rate cm control* kg ha -1-1 g % % Avenella flexuosa , Deschampsia alpina , Festuca nigrescens , Festuca pseudodura , Festuca supina , Phleum alpinum , Phleum hirsutum , Poa alpina , Poa violacea , Anthyllis alpestris , Anthyllis vulneraria , Trifolium badium , Trifolium nivale , Leontodon hispidus ** 1, * 1 = easy, easy, 2 = difficult, difficult, 3 = very very difficult difficult ** ** harvests harvests per per year year

25 Development of yield (kg ha -1 ) Festuca nigrescens Poa alpina Trifolium badium kg/ha Festuca Poa 1994 alpina Trifolium nigrescens badium

26 Thresholds for germinative capacity, purity and weeds Latin Name German Name Germinative Capacity Purity Weeds (%) (%) (%) Grasses Anthoxanthum odoratum Gew. Ruchgras Arrhenatherum elatius Glatthafer Avenella pubescens Flaumhafer Briza media Zittergras Bromus erectus Aufrechte Trespe ,5 Festuca amethystina Amethyst-Schwingel ,5 Festuca rupicola Furchenschwingel ,5 Festuca rubra comm. Rossschwingel ,5 Koeleria pyramidata Wiesen-Kammschmiele ,5 Herbs German Name Germinative Capacity Purity Weeds Agrimonia eupatoria Echter Odermennig Anthyllis vulneraria Wundklee ,5 Buphthalmum salicifolium Rindsauge Centaurea jacea Wiesen-Flockenblume Centaurea scabiosa Skabiosen-Flockenblume Galium verum Gelb-Labkraut Helianthemum nummularium Zweifarben-Sonnenröschen Hieracium pilosella Kleines Habichtskraut Hypericum sp. Johanniskraut Hypericum maculatum Flecken-Johanniskraut Leontodon hispidus Wiesen-Löwenzahn Leucanthemum vulgare agg. Wiesen-Margerite ,5 Lychnis viscaria Gewöhnliche Pechnelke Prunella grandiflora Großblütige Brunelle Rhinanthus minor Kleiner Klappertopf Salvia pratensis Wiesen-Salbei Scabiosa columbaria Tauben-Skabiose Thymus pulegioides Arznei-Quendel Veronica teucrium Groß-Ehrenpreis

27 Conclusions Farmers need a lot of special know how, experience and support from experts A learning process of several years is a precondition for successful seed production Provided that average yields are reached, seed multiplication of site-specific species is highly profitable in most cases, but Variation in yield is high, therefore: seed multiplication of site-specific species is risky

28 Conclusions seed production has to go hand in hand with the development (creation) of the market expansion of production area as well as improved production techniques let prices drop close co-operations with research institutions are important for further development steady consultation and contact to users and administrative bodies are a precondition for broad acceptance of such a high price product

29 Thank you for your attention!