Homer, Troy and the Turks: Heritage & identity in the Late Ottoman Empire Uslu, G.

Transcription

1 UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository) Homer, Troy and the Turks: Heritage & identity in the Late Ottoman Empire Uslu, G. Link to publication Citation for published version (APA): Uslu, G. (2015). Homer, Troy and the Turks: Heritage & identity in the Late Ottoman Empire General rights It is not permitted to download or to forward/distribute the text or part of it without the consent of the author(s) and/or copyright holder(s), other than for strictly personal, individual use, unless the work is under an open content license (like Creative Commons). Disclaimer/Complaints regulations If you believe that digital publication of certain material infringes any of your rights or (privacy) interests, please let the Library know, stating your reasons. In case of a legitimate complaint, the Library will make the material inaccessible and/or remove it from the website. Please Ask the Library: or a letter to: Library of the University of Amsterdam, Secretariat, Singel 425, 1012 WP Amsterdam, The Netherlands. You will be contacted as soon as possible. UvA-DARE is a service provided by the library of the University of Amsterdam ( Download date: 07 Jan 2019

2 Homer, Troy and the Turks Heritage & Identity in the Late Ottoman Empire Günay Uslu Na im Fraşeri, Ilyada. Eser-i Homer, Istanbul 1303 ( ) Amsterdam, June 2015

3 Homer, Troy and the Turks Heritage & Identity in the Late Ottoman Empire ACADEMISCH PROEFSCHRIFT Ter verkrijging van de graad van doctor aan de Universiteit van Amsterdam op gezag van de Rector Magnificus prof. dr. D.C. van den Boom ten overstaan van een door het college voor promoties ingestelde commissie, in het openbaar te verdedigen in de Aula der Universiteit op vrijdag 13 november 2015, te uur door Günay Uslu geboren te Haarlem 1

4 Promotores: Prof. dr. W. den Boer Prof. dr. F.P.I.M. van Vree Overige leden: Prof. dr. E. Eldem Prof. dr. I.J.F. de Jong Prof. dr. B. Kempers Prof. dr. E.M. Moormann dr. G.J.M. van Wijngaarden Faculteit der Geesteswetenschappen This work is part of the Mosaic research programme, which is financed by the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO). 2

5 Troy was situated near Çanakkale. Although in the past Troy and both its siege and the war were considered to exist only in the imagination, the excavations in the surroundings have confirmed and strengthened the contents of the Iliad. Na im Fraşeri, Ilyada. Eser-i Homer (Istanbul 1303/ ) preface, 7, translated from Ottoman. 3

6 Contents Preface & Acknowledgments 7 Introduction 13 I The Discovery of Troy: Schliemann and the Ottomans in the 1870s The Question of ubi Troia fuit Heinrich Schliemann in the Troad Schliemann s Confrontation with Ottoman Authorities Ottomans Claiming Trojan Artefacts Troy: A Protected Zone Excavating in the Shadow of War 75 II Classical Antiquities and Ottoman Patrimony: Muslim Elite and their Involvement with Classical Civilization Antiquities and Museum: Interests and Conflicts Zealous for Civilization: Enlightened Ideas and Ideals in the Empire The Cosmopolitan Muslim Elite of a Multifarious Empire Osman Hamdi Bey: A New Era in Ottoman Archaeology and Museology 123 III A Closer Watch On Schliemann ( ) Profitable Political Conditions The Excavations The Ottoman Elite s Discomfort at the Ineffective Antiquities Regulation New Antiquities Legislation (1884): Ottoman Claim to Ancient Heritage 160 4

7 IV Homer and Troy in Ottoman Literature: an Overview Early Ottoman-Turkish Interest in Homeric Epics New Ottoman Literature: Educating the Public and Changing Perceptions Mythology and Homer: Ottoman Reticence Homer and Troy in Ottoman Essays, Books, Theatre Plays & the First Translations ( ) Admiration for the Lord of Poets Izmir (Smyrna): Homer s Hometown 197 V Homer and Troy During the Final Years of the Empire Controlling Heritage and the Development of the Ottoman Museum Schliemann s Reputation under Fire The Final Encounter of Schliemann and the Ottomans in Troy Finding Troy Once More: Dörpfeld s Excavations in 1893 and Overseeing Troy at the Turn of the Century 225 Epilogue of an Empire 237 Manuscript Sources 249 Bibliography 251 Summary 260 Samenvatting 265 5