CLIENT PROJECT COORDINATOR PREPARED BY

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2 CLIENT KALE GROUP PROJECT COORDINATOR Suha Özkan PREPARED BY INNOCENT Innovation Center for Design & Technology ADMINISTRATIVE COORDINATOR Selçuk Alten TECHNICAL COORDINATOR Baykan Günay TECHNICAL CONSULTANTS Erhan Acar Adnan Barlas TECHNICAL ASSISTANTS Banu Aksel Gürün Cansu Canaran March 2007 Middle East Technical University ANKARA

3 CONTENTS 1. PREFACE 2. OBJECTIVES AND SCOPE 3. TROIA HISTORICAL NATIONAL PARK BACKGROUND; NATURAL ENVIRONMENT Location Location in Transport Network Climate Regional Geology Geology and Geomorphology of the National Park Seismicity Geomorphologic Units and Soils Ecology 4. SOCIAL AND LEGISLATIVE BACKGROUND OF TROIA HISTORICAL NATIONAL PARK Administration Population Structure Technical Infrastructure Structure of the Economy Settlements of the National Park Landuse and Land Ownership Other Projects of the Region Legislative Framework Natural and Historical Sites Planning History South Çanakkale Coastal Area Master Plan (1/25000) Troia Historical National Park Long Term Development Plan Decisions 5. SPATIAL HISTORY Geology, Geomorphology and the Formation of the Kara Menderes (Scamander or Troia) Plain The Coast Line and the Layers of Troia Troian War Ottoman Period 6. CONCEPTUAL BASES OF THE TROIA MUSEUM Troia Museum Campus Open Air Museums Maritime Museum Troia Virtual Museum Miniature City Miniatroia Agricultural History Museum Solutions in the Archaeological Park Conclusion 7. PROPOSALS FOR TROIA HISTORICAL NATIONAL PARK Historical Assets and Spatial Organization in the Park Proposal for National Park Boundaries Proposals for the National Park s Landscaping Proposals for the National Park Tour Routes 8. TROIA MUSEUM AND ARCHEOLOGICAL PARK Historical and Cultural Data Location Item 1: Time Lines Item 2: Kumtepe Exhibition Focus Point Item 3: Beşik Bay And Marine Trade Exhibition Focus Point Item 4: Korfmann Anatolian Settlement Scheme Exhibition Focus Point Item 5: Troian Treasures Exhibition Focus Point Item 6: Bronze Age Technologies Exhibition Focus Point Item 7: Megaron Palaces Exhibition Focus Point Item 8: Troian Battlefield Item 9: Homer Exhıbıtıon Focus Poınt Item 10: Antique Grid And Theater Exhibition Focus Points Item 11: Restoration Of Ottoman Structures Item 12: Schliemann Exhibition Focus Point Visit Itenary and Location of Exhibition Focus Points The Location of the Troia Museum 9. CONCLUSION 10. REFERENCES

4 1. PREFACE Excavations at Troia, initiated by Heinrich Schliemann in 1870, have earned a scientific foundation through the works of Carl W. Blegen between 1932 and Troia archeological site was registered on 13 May 1968 by the Higher Council of Immovable Historical and Monumental Heritage (decision 3925). On 26 May 1995 (Decision 2414), Edirne Council of Preservation of Cultural and Natural Heritage declared Troia as Level 1 Archeological Site. On 30 September 1996, the environs of Troia an area of 13,350 ha was declared Troia Historical National Park by a Government decree (decision 8676). Later, on 02 December 1998 Troia is put in the World Heritage List, No The topics of this report cover preliminary studies for the definition of Troia Museum to be built on the Troia Archeological Site excavated since 1988 by Tübingen University under the supervision Manfred Korfmann, and, its place and scope in the context of Troia Historical National Park. We would like to thank Jülide Tamzok of the Ministry of Environment and Forests, Özgür Almaç and Mehmet Gürkan of the Ministry of Culture and Tourism, and Necati Uyar of Egeplan Planning Office who have prepared Troia Historical National Park Long Term Development Plan (LTDP) approved by the Ministry of Environment and Forests on 09 June 2004, for their sincere contribution and provision of numerous documents. 1

5 2. OBJECTIVES AND SCOPE Troia is an amalgam of myth and reality, which cannot be considered merely as a physical entity, a city or an archeological site. Archeological findings talk about a city of nine levels that has witnessed a period beginning from 3000 B.C. bronze age commercial town to the Helen city of Ilium in 100 B.C., extending into the fifth century B.C. as a Roman city. This is a history of civilizations and war. We are informed that Homer s Iliad tells the story of the famous Troian War that took place at the time of the VIIth layer of the city. Iliad is the story of an incidence, followed by the Odysseus, the story of a person. Virgil s (Publius Vergilius Maro) epic poem Aeneid in the first century A.D. will try to relate the genesis of Rome with the Troian War. To this day, Troia and its war have always remained on the agenda of world literature and art, inspiring writers of the Classical era. More recently, the film industry has produced giant movies to highlight the Troian Horse, beautiful Helen, handsome Paris, and Hector and Achilles, the heroes of the war. Troia s geographical location presents a time-space story running parallel to the ever-changing shoreline of the Troia flood plain. Troia is the center of Troas region that is defined by the Ida Mountain on the south and the strait of Çanakkale (Dardanelles) on the north. The city stands on the eastern edge of an alluvial plain filled by the deposits of the Kara Menderes River (Scamander) and Dümrek Çayı (Simoeis). Troia s history covers 3000 years of the process of the evolution of present day shoreline. The city controlled sea routes passing through the strait; in time however, it has lost this function because of its inability to compete against the comparative advantages of the city of Istanbul rising as the center of the Eastern Roman Empire. Many of the antique cities have shared the fate of Troia because of the advance of the shoreline to their disadvantage. The most recognized among them is Troia through the stories and legend it has produced. This topic has attracted the attention of scientists trying to superimpose archeological and geological evidences. Interpreting the findings of drills made on the flood plain of Troia, Kraft et al (2003) have concluded that the geomorphology of the era coincided with what is depicted in Homer s Iliad and Strabo s Geography. To further consolidate on the hypotheses of the writers, Iliad s verses defining the space of war are used. Mostly, the English verses as they appear in the work of Kraft et al (2003) are used. Further verses are taken from Samuel Butler s interpretation in As a result, the Museum in Troia should not only contain spaces in which archeological heritage is exhibited, but surpass the idea of a single building; hence, the Troia Historical National Park declared by Government decree should build the context of the Museum. This study investigates Troia Museum and Troia Historical National Park at three levels: 1. Transformation of the geomorphology of Troian flood plain has constituted the context of Troia. This process should be investigated and demonstrated. Concurrently, the Troian War needs more emphasis with footprints on the site, so that visitors may spend more time in the national park. 2. Troia Museum and Archeological Site need to be conceived as parts of a whole, leading the way to an integrated Archeology Park. 3. Troia is not simply a city of layers detached from each other. There are vertical continuities between those so-called layers. In this framework, the Museum may be designed such that, themes like representation of time lines that the city has lived, transformation of house and palace types, stories of Troia and War, the art and literature works the legend has produced and the history of excavations are presented in real or virtual media. As far as the data at hand is concerned, the boundaries of the national park do not contain all of the places mentioned in the stories on Troia. The study aims to define the principles of cultural and natural landscape of the enlarged National Park and the criteria that should be taken into account in the design of the Museum. 2

6 3. TROIA HISTORICAL NATIONAL PARK BACKGROUND; NATURAL ENVIRONMENT Location Troia Historical National Park is located on the Biga Peninsula of Marmara region. Covering an area of ha, administratively it is a part of Çanakkale province. Called Troas in the antiquity, the park is a part of archeologically, historically and naturally rich environment. Other well-known assets of the region comprise Gallipoli Peninsula Historical National Park established in memory of the Gallipoli War on the north of Çanakkale Strait, Mount Ida (Seat of Zeus, very often mentioned in Iliad as affecting the course of the Troian War) National Park and Manyas Bird National Park discovered and called Bird Paradise by Prof. Dr. Curt Kosswig, the Director of the Zoological institute of the Istanbul University Faculty of Science, and his wife, Leonore Kosswig in Figure 3.01 Location in the Region and Transport Network (Turkish Mapping Service Atlas, 1977) Location in Transport Network Being historically on crossroads, the park is accessible through marine and air transportation via Çanakkale (Figure 3.01). Local flights are available from Istanbul to Çanakkale. As far as land transportation is concerned, the site is almost half way between Istanbul (350 km and ferry crossing through Çanakkale Strait) and Izmir (290 km). The state highway passing by the national park from Çanakkale to Izmir is a good quality road, now being widened as dual carriageway with very good scenery. Traffic density is comparatively low, increasing in the summers. Mean annual traffic flow is as follows along the highway running by the national park as of 2001: Cars 2885 Busses 132 Trucks 744 Trailers 69 TOTAL 3830 (Trafik ve Ulaşım Bilgileri, T.C. Bayındırlık ve İskan Bakanlığı, Karayolları Genel Müdürlüğü, Ulaşım ve Maliyet Etütleri Şubesi Müdürlüğü, 2001) Troia Historical National Park is in a suitable location for visitors from the international and domestic markets. Besides the tourism activity in the summer, both Troia and Bird Paradise attract scientists and scholars as well 3