Dam Construction in Greece

Transcription

1 Dam Construction in Greece An overview By George T. Dounias Chairman of the Greek COLD 29 October 212 Dam construction in Greece 1 Presentation outline An overview of dam construction From antiquity to present day Activity per decade after 195 The significant dam of each decade Dam volumes - Reservoir volumes Usage - Power production Current situation Dam construction in Greece 2 1

2 Sources of presentation material Much of the data on dams comes from the Greek Commission on Large Dams and the constant updating made with the help of Rhea Papahatzaki and the working group. The Public Power Corporation, the Ministry of Infrastructure, the Ministry of Rural Development, the Water Authority of Athens (EYDAP) and many local authorities have assisted in the collection of the data. Only large dams according to ICOLD, i.e. taller than 15m are presented here. Dam construction in Greece 3 An overview of dam construction in Greece Dams in Antiquity Dam construction in Greece 4 2

3 Dams in Antiquity There is plenty of evidence about dam building in ancient Greece. Influenced, no doubt, by the strong tradition in dam building and water engineering of the great civilizations of the Middle East. The ancient Greeks built dams for irrigation, flood protection, stream diversion and probably for trapping the fertile sediment transport. There are two well known examples of ancient dams that still stand, Tiryns and Alyzeia. Dam construction in Greece 5 Antiquity Tiryns dam The Tiryns dam is located in Argolis on the Peloponnesus (Balcer, 1974; Maroukian et. Al., 24). Built in the Bronze Age (13th century B.C.) by the Mycenaeans most probably for flood protection of the environs of the acropolis of Tiryns. It diverted permanently the Megalo Rema torrent, by the digging of a 1.4 km long artificial channel. The dam is approximately 1m high with a base of approximately 6m wide. The length of the crest was 8 to 1 m. It has a central part made of compacted red clay with crushed rock fragments. The faces and the abutments were protected by wide Cyclopean masonry. Dam construction in Greece 6 3

4 Antiquity Tiryns dam (Maroukian et. al., 24) c. 13 B.C. Dam construction in Greece 7 Antiquity Alyzeia dam Alyzeia Dam is in the Myticas valley (Murray, 1984; Moutafis, 26) near the west coast of central Greece. It is an 11 m high masonry dam from the 4th century B.C. in good condition. It either failed its purpose, since it was soon completely silted up, or it was meant as a head structure for the channeling of water for agricultural or water mill use. Dam construction in Greece 8 4

5 Antiquity Alyzeia dam (Moutafis, 26) c. 4 BC Dam construction in Greece 9 Modern Greece Up to Number of Dams CFRD RCC/HF Earth/Rock Concrete Masonry 1 < 's 196's 197's 198's 199's 2's Decade Dam construction in Greece 1 5

6 Up to 195 Marathon dam H= 63 m, Built 193 Masonry dam. Still part of the water supply system of Athens. Close to the famous battlefield. Close to Athens it is worth a visit. Maybe the only marble faced dam. Dam construction in Greece 11 Up to 195 Marathon dam 193 Now Dam construction in Greece 12 6

7 Part A 195 to Number of Dams CFRD RCC/HF Earth/Rock Concrete Masonry 1 < 's 196's 197's 198's 199's 2's Decade Dam construction in Greece Megdovas (Plastiras Lake) 83 m high Power Production Dam construction in Greece 14 7

8 196 to Number of Dams CFRD RCC/HF Earth/Rock Concrete Masonry 1 < 's 196's 197's 198's 199's 2's Decade Dam construction in Greece Kremasta (Aheloos River) 165 m high 1 Clay core (alluvial deposits) 2 Filters (river gravel) 3 River gravel shoulders 4 Rip rap 5 Cobbles Siltstones Sandstones Calcareous Conglomerates Dam construction in Greece 16 8

9 Kremasta (Aheloos River) 165 m high Power Production Dam construction in Greece to Number of Dams CFRD RCC/HF Earth/Rock Concrete Masonry 1 < 's 196's 197's 198's 199's 2's Decade Dam construction in Greece 18 9

10 Mornos (Athens Water Supply) 126 m Dam construction in Greece Mornos (Athens Water Supply) 126 m Dam construction in Greece 2 1

11 198 to Number of Dams CFRD RCC/HF Earth/Rock Concrete Masonry 1 < 's 196's 197's 198's 199's 2's Decade Dam construction in Greece Pournari (Arachthos River) 17m high Dam construction in Greece 22 11

12 Pournari (Arachthos River) 17m high Dam construction in Greece to Number of Dams CFRD RCC/HF Earth/Rock Concrete Masonry 1 < 's 196's 197's 198's 199's 2's Decade Dam construction in Greece 24 12

13 Example of Roller Compacted Concrete dam Platanovrissi dam, Nestos River (Greece) H=95 m, Built 1999 Dam construction in Greece 25 Platanovrissi Introduction to Dam engineering 13

14 Platanovrissi Introduction to Dam engineering Platanovrissi Introduction to Dam engineering 14

15 Platanovrissi Introduction to Dam engineering Platanovrissi Introduction to Dam engineering 15

16 Platanovrissi Introduction to Dam engineering Platanovrissi Introduction to Dam engineering 16

17 Platanovrissi Introduction to Dam engineering Thissavros (Nestos River) 172m high Dam construction in Greece 34 17

18 199-2 Thissavros (Nestos River) 172m high Dam construction in Greece Thissavros (Nestos River) 172m high Dam construction in Greece 36 18

19 2 to Number of Dams CFRD RCC/HF Earth/Rock Concrete Masonry 1 < 's 196's 197's 198's 199's 2's Decade Dam construction in Greece Smokovo dam (Onohonos River) 19m high Dam construction in Greece 38 19

20 2-21 Smokovo dam (Onohonos River) 19m high Dam construction in Greece Smokovo dam (U/S face) 19m high Dam construction in Greece 4 2

21 2-21 Smokovo dam (First impoundment) Dam construction in Greece Smokovo dam (a year later) Dam construction in Greece 42 21

22 Numbers and Volumes - Evolution Number of dams built per decade 6 5 Number of Dams CFRD RCC/HF Earth/Rock Concrete Masonry 1 < 's 196's 197's 198's 199's 2's Decade Dam construction in Greece 43 Numbers and Volumes - Evolution Volume of dam body (fill) built per decade Number of Dams CFRD RCC/HF Earth/Rock Concrete Masonry Volume of Fill, million m < 's 196's 197's 198's 199's 2's Decade CFRD RCC/HF Earth/Rock Concrete Masonry < 's 196's 197's 198's 199's 2's Decade Dam construction in Greece 44 22

23 Numbers and Volumes - Evolution Volume of reservoir added per decade Volume of Reservoirs, million m Number of Dams < 's 196's 197's 198's 199's 2's Decade CFRD RCC/HF Earth/Rock Concrete Masonry < 's 196's 197's 198's 199's 2's Decade Dam construction in Greece 45 Numbers and Volumes - Evolution Number of Dams + Reservoir Volume Number of dams Reservoir Volume NUmber of Dams Reservoir Volume, 16m3 Fill Volume 14m Year Dam construction in Greece 46 23

24 Numbers and Volumes - Evolution Height of Greek Large Dams in Operation Number of Dams Height Dam construction in Greece 47 Numbers and Volumes - Evolution The Higher dams in Greece and Worldwide Tallest in Greece Tallest Worldwide Height, m Gravity Concrete Arch concrete Earth - Rock U/S Deck RCC Dam construction in Greece 48 24

25 Numbers and Volumes - Evolution Usage of Reservoirs 14 Total Reservoir Volume, million m < 's 196's 197's 198's 199's 2's Water Supply Irrigation plus Power plus Decade Dam construction in Greece 49 Percentage of Hydros participation to electric energy production (Stefanakos, 23; Anastassopoulos, 26) 35, 3, 25, 2, 15, 1, 5,, Percentage of Hydro-production (%) Year Dam construction in Greece 5 25

26 Current situation More than 3 large dam projects are currently under construction More than 3 large dams are at the design stage Mostly small to medium scale projects Mainly water supply and irrigation A considerable number of small hydros The great majority are Earth dams, a few are Hardfill dams and CFRD dams Dam construction in Greece 51 Thank You for your Attention Dam construction in Greece 52 26