Watermanagement in the Netherlands

Transcription

1 Watermanagement in the Netherlands Visit of a delegation from Boston (USA) to the Maeslantbarrier June 14th, 2016

2 Area below Sea Level Soil map of the Netherlands 2

3 in a nutshell Executive agency of the Ministry of Infrastructure and the Environment 8,800 employees Regional departments and process departments annual budget: 5 billion 3

4 s area of management is in charge of three national infrastructure networks 4

5 Management Area of Main Water Systems 90,310 km² of surface water 35 kilometres of dunes 201 kilometres of dikes and dams 10 weirs Afsluitdijk and Houtribdijk (two dikes) 5 storm surge barriers 5

6 Deltaworks Flooded area in 1953 Flooded 6

7 The storm disaster of February 1 st, deaths ha s flooded (salt water) widespread property damage 7

8 before 1953: 1997: the Deltaworks completed 8

9 The Delta Works Haringvlietdam Maeslantbarrier Brouwersdam Storm surge barrier in the Eastern Scheldt 9 9

10 Storm surge barrier in the Eastern Scheldt Normally open, but can be closed under adverse weather conditions. Saltwater marine life behind the dam is preserved and fishing can continue, while the land behind is safe 10

11 Maeslant Storm Surge Barrier Operates fully automatic All ship movement will be stopped during closures A test closure is performed every autumn 11

12 Maeslant Storm Surge Barrier The Maeslant storm surge barrier is the last part of the Dutch Delta Works and is the world s largest moveable barrier In operation since 1997 (constructed: ) Two storm surging doors have a length of 240 metres each Costs: 450 million 12

13 The Europoort barrier system 1. Maeslantbarrier 2. The dyke along the Caland canal was raised by 1 metre; 3. Improved dykes around and near Rozenburg 4. The Hartelbarrier 5. The Brielse Maasdyke was raised with 2,5-3 meters

14 The Hartelbarrier consists of two vertical lift gates, 49.3 metres (162 ft) and 98 metres (322 ft) in length. In the raised position the bottom of the gates is at 14 metres (46 ft) above NAP, slightly higher than the bridge next to the barrier. 14

15 The gates have a height of 3 metres (9.8 ft) above NAP when closed. 15

16 The Delta works ( ) Total costs: 5.5 billion before

17 Precipitation and evapotranspiration 17

18 4 major Rivers and their catchment areas - Rhine - Meuse - Scheldt - Ems International cooperation is vital! 18

19 Major floods: 838 Friesland 2,437 victims Allerheiligenflood: the Zuiderzee was created 1212 Noord-Holland 60,000 victims St. Marcellus' Flood, killing 36,000 people St. Lucia's flood appr. 50,000-80,000 people lost their lives 1362 Grote Mandrenke killing at least 25,000 inhabitants nd St. Elisabeth's Flood between 2,000 and 10,000 casualties 1570 All Saints' flood above 20,000 victims 1703 great storm at sea killing thousands of victims Christmas flood: approximately 14,000 people drowned 1825 Groningen 800 people lost their lives 1836 Two hurricane-driven floods of the Haarlemmermeer threatening the cities of Leiden and Amsterdam 1916 Flood disaster in Zuiderzee area 51 deaths 1953 (Zeeland, Brabant) 1,835 victims 19

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21 Centuries of Land reclamations works 21

22 Room for the River 39 projects 2,2 billion 22

23 Room for the River project near Nijmegen 23

24 Future: Expected sea-level rise Sea level rise: 2050: m 2100: ~ 1.30 m 2200: + 2 ~ 4 m 24

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26 Expected river discharge Summer: 1700 m 3 /second 700 m 3 /s in 2100 Winter: m 3 /s m 3 /s in

27 Changing climate -> challences More /extreme storms? More/intense rainfall More summer drought Sealevel rise ( cm/100y) Increased erosion Drowning estuaries Salt intrusion Spatial developments Subsidence Increased river discharge Decreased river discharge 27

28 Delta Programme Deltafund: 16 billion Euros till and incl 2028 Political-administrative, legal and financial measures are in place 28

29 Coastal management: supply of sand 12 mln m 3 of sand is added to the coast/dunes per year to maintain the present coastline 29

30 Sand motor(engine): experimental coastal protection 30

31 Development of the sand motor over the years: Influenced by wind and water the sand gradually spreads along the coast of South-Holland. This is called: Building with Nature. 31

32 the SAND MOTOR in brief: Created in 2011 Purpose: Coastal reinforcement and coastal maintenance More room for nature and recreational activities Knowledge development & innovation 21.5 million cubic meter of sand Surface area of 128 ha 32

33 Port of Rotterdam Rotterdam is the largest port of Europe. The port is the gateway to the European market of more than 350 million consumers. 34,000 seagoing vessels a year call at the port of Rotterdam, as do 133,000 inland vessels. The annual throughput is about 442 million tons. 33

34 The port of Rotterdam stretches over a length of about 40 kms and covers some hectares (water and land) 34

35 Development of the Rotterdam harbour 35

36 Maasvlakte 2: extension of the Rotterdam harbour New port and supporting infrastructure on reclaimed land adjoining the excisting Maasvlakte(1) area (in use since 1973) 2,000 hectares reclaimed, behind a 4 km sea dike Maasvlakte 2 is the biggest civil engineering project in the Netherlands since the Delta Works Maasvlakte 2 is in use since 2013 Extension ( ) 36