David Edwards BE(Hons) FIEAust CPEng
|
|
- Jesse Wilson
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 David Edwards BE(Hons) FIEAust CPEng
2 1. Introduction 2. What is a billycart? 3. Theory 4. Practice
3 Introduction I started building billycarts when I was about 8 years old, but stopped when I was about 14, in While I never achieved as much destruction as Clive James* did in Sunbeam Avenue, Kogarah when he demolished Mrs Braithwaite s poppy garden, I certainly had some thrills and spills. This cart was my first attempt at a steering wheel in a billycart it worked perfectly except that turning the steering wheel to the right made the cart go to the left!!! When concentrating, I could actually make it go where I wanted it to go, but in an emergency my instincts took over with disastrous consequences. In my case, this meant that when some one stepped out in front of me at speed, I ended up upside down in the ditch rather than in the driveway escape route!!!! *See pages in his hilarious Unreliable Memoirs
4 Introduction I started building billycarts again in about 1996 when my elder daughter finally took the hint and said Dad, can you build me a billycart?.
5 What is a billycart? The Macquarie Dictionary defines a billycart as: billycart // (say 'bileekaht) noun a small four-wheeled cart, usually homemade, consisting essentially of a box on a bellyboard and steered by ropes attached to its movable front axle. Also, go-cart; Especially WA, hill trolley; Especially WA and SA, soapbox. [billy(goat) male goat + cart] Bibliography: The Macquarie Dictionary Online Macquarie Dictionary Publishers Pty Ltd.
6 A Traditional Billycart
7 How are billycarts used? In Australia, the tradition is to find a convenient hill, and simply race down it, usually in pairs. Current practice is to have a standing start if the hill is steep enough, or a ramp start. For a standing start, the only energy available is the gravitational potential energy E p = m G h where E p is the potential energy in Joules m is the mass of the billycart and rider in kg G is the gravitational constant (9.8 m/s 2 ) h is the height of the hill in meters.
8 How fast can you go? Assuming there are no frictional losses, and that there is no rotational kinetic energy stored in the wheels, then at the bottom of the hill there is only translational kinetic energy E t = ½ m V 2 where E t is the translational kinetic energy in Joules m is the mass of the billycart and rider in kg V is the speed in m/s
9 How fast can you go? We can equate these two energies, and then calculate the speed (at the bottom of the hill) as V = sqrt(2 G h) V is the speed in m/s G is the gravitational constant (9.8 m/s 2 ) h is the height of the hill in meters. Notice that the mass m cancels out, so that the final speed does not depend on the mass The shape of the hill doesn t matter only the height.
10 BillycartEngineering Height of hill (m) Theoretical speed (m/s) Theoretical speed (kph)
11 What about the real world? In the real world, wheels have inertia, hills are not vertical cliffs, and there is friction which generates retarding forces. As speeds get higher, we need to ensure stability, so steering is important. Stopping is also important. I will deal with each of these topics in turn.
12 Wheel Inertia Real wheels have rotational inertia, so some of our potential energy will become rotational energy, and this will reduce the translational energy, so our speed will be reduced. If we ignore the hub and the spokes, we can model a wheel as a mass m w concentrated in the tyre and rim. A wheel of radius r meters on a billycart at speed v meters/sec will have an angular speed ω = V / r radians/sec. The rotational energy E r will be ½ I ω 2 where I is the moment of inertia, calculated as I = m w r 2. Combining these formulae shows us that E r = ½ m w V 2
13 Wheel Size Note that the wheel size is not a direct component of this formula. However, the wheel mass m w will increase as the wheel size is increased, so smaller wheels are better. Smaller wheels have a smaller frontal area, and this is also a benefit. Smaller wheels also make it easier to reduce the centre of gravity, which enhances stability. Finally, smaller spokedwheels are stronger than larger spoked wheels.
14 Practical Wheels A thinner tyre and rim profile would be advantageous, but these are hard to find for 12 inch wheels. For my four 12 inch wheels, I have calculated that the rotational kinetic energy E r is less than 1.5% of the total kinetic energy E = E t + E r, so there is not a significant benefit in reducing the wheel size and mass.
15 Wheel Rolling Resistance This is minimised by having smooth pneumatic tyres. Rolling resistance decreases with increasing air pressure but beware of hot sun and the dreaded blowout!!! If the road is rough, larger diameter wheels will roll better. Three wheels are better than four, but stability is not as good and some competitions require four wheels. Bearings also add a retardation force, but with careful adjustment and the remove of oil seals and heavy greases, this is easily minimised.
16 Wheel Alignment This is critical. At the front, a solid front swing axle helps here, but does compromise stability. Parallelogram or Ackermann steering, as used in cars, is easy to achieve but does require careful adjustment. Stability is better with Ackermann steering. It is also important to ensure that the rear wheels are correctly aligned a solid one piece axle helps here. Billycarts don t usually have suspension, but chassis flex can cause miss-alignment of the wheels.
17 Hill Profile I showed earlier that we can calculate a maximum theoretical speed which is independent of the billycart mass and the hill profile. If we consider the hill in two parts, a vertical drop followed by a horizontal run out, then we can start to look at the effects of billycart mass and hill profile. Consider two identical carts, but with one more massive than the other. The frictional losses for both carts are the same. At the bottom of the vertical drop, both carts will have the same speed.
18 Hill Profile However, the more massive cart will have more translational energy, so as the two carts continue along the horizontal run out, the lighter cart will fall behind, because the frictional losses (assumed identical) will reduce the translational energy (and hence speed) at a proportionally faster rate. On real hills, this is not very significant, as the frictional losses, particularly air resistance, have a more significant effect on maximum speed. Telescope is instrumented, and there is little difference between the speeds I achieve compared with those of my wife Kerry, who is significantly lighter than my 100 kg.
19 BillycartEngineering GPS Data for Telescope at Yass 5 Nov Speed (kp ph) Distance (m) Runs by David & Kerry alternate in this graph. There is no significant difference in maximum speed.
20 Wind Resistance where F = ½ rho V 2 CdA F is the drag force (Newtons) rho is the density of air (kg/m 3 ) V is the speed relative to the air (m/sec) Cd is the drag coefficient (a dimensionless parameter, 0.25 to 0.45 for a car (dimensionless) A is the frontal area (m 2 )
21 Wind Resistance Wind resistance increases with the square of the speed, so it becomes very important at high speeds. We can: reduce the frontal area by lying down instead of sitting up reduce the frontal area by having a narrower cart use a streamlined body to reduce the drag coefficient But there is not much else we can do. My Telescope billycart has a frontal area of about 0.5 m 2 and is not very streamlined. My friend Jim s cart has a much smaller frontal area and is much better streamlined so I haven t beaten him yet!!!
22 BillycartEngineering
23 BillycartEngineering
24
25 Chassis My Sydney cart is named Telescope, because it was designed to telescope in length so as to fit in my Renault Kangoo panel van. Built primarily of wood (recycled IKEA beds!!!), it can be adjusted in length from 1.6 to 2.0 meters. The body is detachable, and is only used in the long version.
26 Brakes Telescope has 4 wheel disk brakes operated from a dual foot pedal. The dual pedal allows both feet to be used. The brakes are mechanically balanced using 3 levers, so that an equal braking force is applied to each wheel. Modern cars use a hydraulic system to do this, but my system uses strings in practice bicycle Bowden cables. The brakes must be applied carefully, as it is easy to lock up all four wheels and generate flat spots on the tyres.
27 Steering Telescope uses a string based version of rack and pinion steering. The steering wheel is from an old pram, the steering column is an adjustable walking stick. The rack is a square aluminium tube reinforced with a threaded rod, and slides in steel brackets. The rack is moved sideways by a string wrapped around the steering column. Small ball joints are used to connect the rack to the wheel control arms. The king pins are custom made hinges and about 30 mm of trail is used to make the steering self centering.
28 Safety A steel roll bar makes a convenient push handle and provides rollover protection. A six point safety harness (recycled from Falcon rear seatbelts) makes sure the driver stays inside the cart. The driver, as required by most billycart rules, wears long trousers, a long sleeved shirt, a bicycle helmet and closed shoes, as well as gloves.
29 Instrumentation Bicycle computers can be used, but sometimes have difficulty with the high rotational speeds of small wheels. Nowadays, it seems easy just to use a GPS, or even a mobile phone with GPS. The speed profiles I showed earlier were recorded with a GPS my bicycle speedo. However, the data is only recorded at approximately 5 second intervals, so you don t get much data in a 40 second run down the hill.
30 BillycartEngineering GPS Data for Telescope at Yass 5 Nov Speed (kp ph) Distance (m) Individual data points are at the intersection of the straight line segments
31 Instrumentation I built a custom instrumentation system, based on a commercially available USB Experimenters card and an old laptop. Speed is sensed using an infra red optical interrupter on one of the rear brake disks. There is an analog pitch sensor, and an analog output to drive a speedo. Software is written in Visual Basic. Data is stored in text format on the laptop Hard Disk Drive, and processed using a spreadsheet program.
32 BillycartEngineering This photo shows the remains of a photo-interrupter on the rear disk brake after the axle bent
33 Data Recording When the cart is moving, a date/time stamp, clock ticks, wheel counts and pitch data are recorded at half second intervals. The speedo displays actual speed (in kph). The instrumentation senses when the cart is not moving, and does not record data during this time. The speedo displays maximum speed. The clock ticks occur at approximately 1 ms intervals, and are generated using the microprocessors crystal controlled oscillator. The wheel counts are generated from the holes in the brake disk.
34 Raw Data 6/05/ :13:22 Program started 6/05/ :13:30 K8055 connected Wheel Circumference (mm), 990 Disk Slots, 32 Sample Period (msec), 500 Pitch Offset (counts), 127 Pitch Gain (x 100), 10 Roll Offset (counts), 127 Roll Gain (x 100), 100 TimeStamp, Ticks, Counts, Pitch, Roll 6/05/ :14:25, 64559, 23, 153, 132 6/05/ :14:26, 65149, 32, 152, 132 6/05/ :14:26, 65731, 42, 151, 133 6/05/ :14:27, 66321, 53, 151, 133 6/05/ :14:27, 66903, 62, 149, 132
35 Data Processing The wheel counts are differentiated to get speed. Speed is differentiated to get acceleration. A hill profile can also be generated by integrating the acceleration data. This means that the hill profile is the same shape (but upside down) as the speed profile. A hill profile can also be generated from the pitch data. This works best when the hill is flat are at the end, and when the start does not involve a ramp.
36 BillycartEngineering 1400 Distance Distance (m m) Elapsed Time (hours) The 1 st and 3 rd steep vertical sections of this graph represent down hill runs. The 2 nd and 4 th steep vertical sections are when Telescope was towed back up the hill!!
37 BillycartEngineering Speed Speed (kph) Elapsed Time (hours) This graph is the differential of the previous graph, and shows speed for the two down hill runs
38 BillycartEngineering Speed David Speed (kph) Distance (m) The graph shows a single run down hill
39 BillycartEngineering Speed (kph) Distance (m) Heigh ht (m) This graph shows a speed profile and a hill profile, both calculated from wheel count data
40 BillycartEngineering Hill Profile Run 3 David (no push) Height from Pitch (m) Height from Acceleration (m) Distance (m) This graph shows hill profiles generated from the pitch sensor (blue) and from wheel count data (red)
41 Test System In order to facilitate development of the instrumentation, I have also built a test system, which is much more convenient than Telescope. The test system uses a small motor to rotate a disk brake hub and disk, and a complete spare set of electronics. A DC power supply and laptop computer are also part of the test system. The pitch sensor is replaced with a hand adjustable potentiometer, and a small panel meter takes the place of Telescope s speedo.
42 BillycartEngineering Telescope Test System
43 This is a screenshot of my Billycart Monitor
44 Conclusion I have a web page devoted to billycarts. If you do a Google search for billycarts, you will help me keep it at the top of the search results.
ZIP LINE CHALLENGE. DESIGN CHALLENGE Build a device that can transport a ping-pong ball from the top of a zip line to the bottom in 4 seconds or less.
Grades 3 5, 6 8 20 60 minutes ZIP LINE CHALLENGE DESIGN CHALLENGE Build a device that can transport a ping-pong ball from the top of a zip line to the bottom in 4 seconds or less. SUPPLIES AND EQUIPMENT
More informationPhysics Is Fun. At Waldameer Park! Erie, PA
Physics Is Fun At Waldameer Park! Erie, PA THINGS TO BRING: Amusement Park Physics Bring a pencil Bring a calculator Don t forget to bring this assignment packet Bring a stop watch, a digital watch, or
More informationMATH & SCIENCE DAYS STUDENT MANUAL
MATH & SCIENCE DAYS STUDENT MANUAL CONSCIOUS COMMUTING As you ride to Six Flags Great America be conscious of some of the PHYSICS on the way. A. STARTING UP THINGS TO MEASURE: As the bus pulls away from
More informationSome of the numbered sections of the track are described to the right. The times correspond to a graph found on page 58.
QUALITATIVE QUESTIONS If the track were stretch out so that it were entirely in a single plane, the profile would look like the diagram below. Some of the numbered sections of the track are described to
More informationTitle ID Number Sequence and Duration. Age Level Essential Question Learning Objectives
Title ID Number Sequence and Duration Age Level Essential Question Learning Objectives Lesson Activity Design a Roller Coaster (2 sessions, 60-80 minutes) HS-S-C3 Session 1: Background and Planning Lead
More informationPhysics Activity Guide
Physics Activity Guide 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS Earthbound Astronauts 3 Mechanics of Motion 4 Angles and Arcs 5 Angles and Arcs II 6 Viking Voyager 7 Bamboozler 8 Zulu 9 Finnish Fling 10 Autobahn 11 Scrambler
More informationTECHNICAL BULLETIN TRI-FUNCTIONAL BUSH INSPECTION
TECHNICAL BULLETIN TRI-FUNCTIONAL BUSH INSPECTION LIT NO: 97117-135 DATE: June 2018 REVISION: E 6 Inch Bush 3 Inch Bush The TRI-FUNCTIONAL Bush (TFB ) is a key factor in both ride quality and roll stability
More informationIMPETUS: Engineering Workbook Model Roller Coaster Competition
IMPETUS: Engineering Workbook Model Roller Coaster Competition School and Team Information This information can be completed at any time before the roller coaster competition School Name: Coach s Name:
More informationCASM electric cylinders The modular electric cylinder system
CASM electric cylinders The modular electric cylinder system CASM electric cylinders are ideally suited to performing fast and powerful linear movements. Unlike pneumatic or hydraulic cylinders, CASM electric
More informationSIX FLAGS GREAT ADVENTURE PHYSICS DAY REVIEW & SAMPLES
DIRECTIONS: SIX FLAGS GREAT ADVENTURE PHYSICS DAY REVIEW & SAMPLES For your assignment you will answer Multiple Choice questions and Open Ended Questions. All students must do the Great American Scream
More informationMMSlog MULTIFUNCTIONAL TROLLEY
. MMSlog MULTIFUNCTIONAL TROLLEY MMSlog MULTIFUNCTIONAL TROLLEY BODY The MMSlog Multifunctional Trolley with standardised dimensions in accordance with ISO 3394 is suitable for the storage and distribution
More informationPHY 133 Lab 6 - Conservation of Momentum
Stony Brook Physics Laboratory Manuals PHY 133 Lab 6 - Conservation of Momentum The purpose of this lab is to demonstrate conservation of linear momentum in one-dimensional collisions of objects, and to
More informationEgg-streme Parachuting Flinn STEM Design Challenge
Egg-streme Parachuting Flinn STEM Design Challenge 6 07, Flinn Scientific, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Reproduced for one-time use with permission from Flinn Scientific, Inc. Batavia, Illinois, U.S.A. No
More informationThe Niagara SkyWheel Teacher Resource Guide Grades 9-12
The Niagara SkyWheel Teacher Resource Guide Grades 9-12 Welcome to The Niagara SkyWheel! Arrival and Entry Please allow ample time for parking and obtaining tickets. Safety To have the best adventure possible,
More informationImportant! Read all of these instructions before assembling or riding the glider. For questions or help please call Glide Bikes at
Go Glider Manual Congratulations on your purchase of the Go Glider! Your glider is designed for years of nearly carefree use by your child. These instructions include how to set up your glider and maintenance
More informationImportant! You need to print out the 2 page worksheet you find by clicking on this link and take it with you to your lab session.
1 PHY 123 Lab 5 - Linear Momentum (updated 10/9/13) In this lab you will investigate the conservation of momentum in one-dimensional collisions of objects. You will do this for both elastic and inelastic
More informationTable of Contents School Information 2 Note Page 3 Words of Physics 4 Gut Feelings at the Park 5 Helpful Formulas 6 Fun Facts 7 Heart Rate 8 Inverter
Table of Contents School Information 2 Note Page 3 Words of Physics 4 Gut Feelings at the Park 5 Helpful Formulas 6 Fun Facts 7 Heart Rate 8 Inverter 9 Canyon Blaster 10-11 Extreme Ride Theater 12 BC Bus
More informationNEWMAR SERVICE SCHOOL
NEWMAR SERVICE SCHOOL TRAINING INFORMATION GUIDELINE FOR FEBRUARY 2013 OUR PRODUCTS: NOVA DUAL PITCH AWNING G-2000/ G-1500 2 P a g e G-2085 G-5000 3 P a g e G-LINKS 4 P a g e NOVA/ G-2000/ G-1500 BASIC
More informationBushwakka Safari Weekender Family Off-Road Camping Trailer
New Generation 4 Safari Weekender Bushwakka Safari Weekender Family Off-Road Camping Trailer Bushwakka Africa Adventure Trailers have a solid reputation in building some of the best offroad camping trailers
More informationROOF-TOP SAFARI TENT. ASSEMBLY & CARE INSTRUCTIONS Part No ENSURE YOU READ AND UNDERSTAND THESE INSTRUCTIONS PRIOR TO INSTALLATION
ROOF-TOP SAFARI TENT ASSEMBLY & CARE INSTRUCTIONS Part No. 933101 ENSURE YOU READ AND UNDERSTAND THESE INSTRUCTIONS PRIOR TO INSTALLATION CONTENTS Parts List...2 Drawing & Tools You Will Need...2 Tent
More informationXcalibur. b. Where are the riders torsos nearly vertical with heads down? c. Where are the riders torsos nearly horizontal relative to the ground?
QUALITATIVE QUESTIONS: 1. Watch the ride to see how the orientation of the riders changes. Use the pictures on this page to help you name and describe the positions of riders oriented in the following
More informationCOLD ROOM DOORS. catalog
log COLD ROOM DOORS catalog 2017-2018 about Quality coldroom doors designed for efficiency Igloodoors is the flagship product line of Coldroombuilder, a high-end product manufacturer for coldroom systems
More informationOperation, Cleaning & Maintenance. For Aluminium Secondary
, Cleaning & Maintenance For Aluminium Secondary Contents Horizontal Sliders 3 Vertical Sliders - Non-Balanced 4 Vertical Sliders - Balanced 5 Vertical Sliders - Tilt Back 6-7 Lift Outs 8 Hinged Units
More informationK/U T/I RevIew Knowledge For each question, select the best answer from the four alternatives. K/U K/U
CHAPTER 3 Review K/U Knowledge/Understanding T/I Thinking/Investigation C Communication A Application Knowledge For each question, select the best answer from the four alternatives. 1. Which of the following
More informationBack to the Basics. Internal Pullers. What Are Internal Pullers?
What Are Internal Pullers? Back to the Basics Internal Pullers Internal gear and bearing pullers are simple tools that are designed for dismounting press fit items through the center of the part to be
More informationCASM electric cylinders
CASM electric cylinders 2 The modular electric cylinder system CASM electric cylinders are ideally suited to performing fast and powerful linear movements. Unlike pneumatic or hydraulic cylinders, CASM
More informationEA-12 Coupled Harmonic Oscillators
Introduction EA-12 Coupled Harmonic Oscillators Owing to its very low friction, an Air Track provides an ideal vehicle for the study of Simple Harmonic Motion (SHM). A simple oscillator assembles with
More informationSection 2 Gravitational Potential Energy and Kinetic Energy 40,000 J. This is because that was the total mechanical energy at the beginning. Mechanical energy in this case is the sum of GPE and KE. When
More informationUniversity of Colorado, Colorado Springs Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering Department. MAE 4415/5415 Project #1 Glider Design. Due: March 11, 2008
University of Colorado, Colorado Springs Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering Department MAE 4415/5415 Project #1 Glider Design Due: March 11, 2008 MATERIALS Each student glider must be able to be made from
More informationLab Skills: Introduction to the Air Track
Lab Skills: Introduction to the Air Track 1 What is an air track? An air track is an experimental apparatus that allows the study of motion with minimal interference by frictional forces. It consist of
More informationMULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS. Fig. 12.1
12 Friction 68 MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS 1. Whenever the surfaces in contact tend to move or move with respect to each other, the force of friction comes into play (a) only if the objects are solid. (b)
More informationMotion 2. 1 Purpose. 2 Theory
Motion 2 Equipment Capstone, motion sensor, meter stick, air track+ 2 gliders, 2 blocks, and index cards. Air Tracks In this experiment you will be using an air track. This is a long straight triangular
More information2. In terms of forces, explain why Batman The Ride uses a long shallow climb up the first incline instead of a short steep one.
QUALITATIVE QUESTIONS Batman The Ride 1. When you enter Batman The Ride, you walk the first 7.2 meters vertically to get on. What is the advantage to Six Flags St. Louis of having you do this? 2. In terms
More informationAlternative Designs Report Joshua s Jumper
Alternative Designs Report Joshua s Jumper By Elyssa Polomski, Michael Ballintyn, and Tianyi Xu Team # 21 Client: Joshua Bouchard Client Contact: Sue and Ron Bouchard, soupanony@aol.com, (508) 823-6113
More informationFrame - Front fork 01 1 Ball ring set, complete - - - city 8000101 1 Ball ring set, complete - - - rac 8000034 1 2 Spacer SP3 - - - - 8000035 1 3 Spacer SP1,5 - - - city 8000194 1 Spacer SP10 - - - rac
More informationHammer, Discus, Shot Put, Javelin
Hammer, Discus, Shot Put, Javelin Competition Aluminium Discus And Hammer Cage 7/10 M Order No. 30290 Order No. 30290 D (Double Net) Order No. 30290 DS (Dismantle to fit a 20 container) Competition aluminium
More informationCaravan Notes. Contents. Caravan_User_Notes.doc Page 1 10/01/18
Contents Caravan_User_Notes.doc Page 1 10/01/18 Contents 1 Important 2 General notes 3 Towbar 3 Rear support legs 4 Severy hatch-cover 4 Rear doors / storage area 5 Front storage box 6 Inside the cabin
More informationThe MiniTower GOTO AltAz Mount with GPS and dual Mount set-up #8300
The MiniTower GOTO AltAz Mount with GPS and dual Mount set-up #8300 FEATURES 25 lb Payload 8 lbs of additional payload on the balancing side All metal (aluminum alloy and stainless steel) heavy duty tripod
More informationHome Improvement Fittings Wardrobe Fittings
Wardrobe rail Wardrobe rail, welded Finish: Chrome plated Material thickness: 0.8 1.5 mm Height: 30 mm Material thickness 0.8 mm 801.03.220 1.0 mm 801.13.220 1.2 mm 801.10.229 1.5 mm 801.09.22 Packing:
More information300 ft. 5/8 Hose wagon
300 ft. 5/8 Hose wagon Model 95956 Assembly And Operation Instructions Due to continuing improvements, actual product may differ slightly from the product described herein. (Garden hose is not included).
More information(A) Lubrication. (B) Warning signs. (C) Eliminate the motion. (D) None. (A) Increase. (B) Both. (C) Decrease. (D) None.
FRICTION 1.When does a body start motion? 2.What is the cause of friction? 3.What is rolling friction? 4.What is sliding friction? 5.What do you mean by the termdrag? 6.What is the direction of frictional
More informationBENEFITS OF A MOBILE TOOL CART STATION
BTK.011.03 BENEFITS OF A MOBILE TOOL CART STATION Many successful workshops realise the benefit of well organised tool storage. Increased productivity can be the result of minimising the time it takes
More informationNASA Connection Free-Fall Rides
NASA Connection Free-Fall Rides A free-fall ride, like the one pictured here, lets you fall for about 1.5 seconds. Once the car is lifted to the top and released, the force of gravity pulls it toward the
More informationSpare parts list ( ) Spare parts list BR 40/10 C
Spare parts list (59708360) Spare parts list BR 40/10 C 2011-05-09 www.kaercher.com EN Spare parts list BR 40/10 C (59708360)... 6 10 Retaining bracket and switch (02010300)... 7 11 Retaining bracket
More informationHammer, Discus, Shot Put, Javelin
Hammer, Discus, Shot Put, Javelin Competition Aluminium Discus And Hammer Cage 7/10 M The competition aluminium discus and hammer cage is made from extra sturdy aluminium profiles. The profile measures
More informationSOLHARO ASSEMBLY & INSTALLATION INSTRUCT IONS
A. Introduction: SOLHARO ASSEMBLY & INSTALLATION INSTRUCT IONS Rev. 01/30/2012 The Solharo is an external, retractable, tensioned sun shading system designed to fit over a sunroom or wood pergola. The
More informationPre-lab questions: Physics 1AL CONSERVATION OF MOMENTUM Spring Introduction
Introduction You have a summer job at Amtrak with a group examining the crash between two trains. Your supervisor wants you to calculate the results of two different cases. The first is a perfectly inelastic
More informationMr. Freeze. as viewed from the top of the ferris wheel:
QUALITATIVE QUESTIONS Many of the questions that follow refer to the graphs of data collected when riding with high tech data collection vests. With your I.D., you can borrow a vest without charge just
More informationFor full product information, visit Use the SpeedSpec Code or scan the QR Code for quick access to the specific web page.
R Courtesy of CMA/Flodyne/Hydradyne Motion Control Hydraulic Pneumatic Electrical Mechanical (800) 6-5480 www.cmafh.com Safety Interlock Switches TL19 Safety Interlock Switch with uard Door Locking High
More informationTotal Energy Part 2: The Unreliability of existing TE Variometers in Turbulent and Vertically Moving Air
Total Energy Part 2: The Unreliability of existing TE Variometers in Turbulent and Vertically Moving Air François Ragot St. Auban, France Avia40p@aol.com Presented at the XXX OSTIV Congress, Szeged, Hungary,
More informationPRODUCT PRESENTATION R-BUS. The great traveller
The great traveller APPROACH The R-Bus is Niviuk s first PPG tandem wing suitable for heavy trike use but it can also be used for standard equipment and PPG tandem flights: Robust structure, up to 500
More informationATHLETICS High Jump & Pole Vault
ATHLETICS High Jump & Pole Vault Aluminium Crossbar Placer ECO The aluminium crossbar placer ECO is made from aluminium. It consists of a two placers for 3 and 5 m. Therefore, the crossbar can be replaced
More informationNJAA - NAARSO OUTREACH SEMINAR 2017
NJAA - NAARSO OUTREACH SEMINAR 2017 Design Verification Measuring the motion of an amusement ride allows verification of the ride design, construction and installation. It allows us to answer the question:
More informationFROM CONCEPT TO DESIGN
Shieldy Bot - From Concept to Design Roak Ely, Mark Cieslikowski, Mekai Ely Lincoln BCBs Team 07-0047 Coach: Linda Reynolds teckteacher@yahoo.com Shieldy Bot FROM CONCEPT TO DESIGN Figure 1 Shieldy Bot
More informationNames of Lab Team Members. Scorpion Worksheet
PRE-IB PHYSICS GROUP # Name: DEVIL PHYSICS Period: Date: BADDEST CLASS ON CAMPUS PHYSICS DAY AT BUSCH GARDENS General Guidelines: 1. Data collection is a group effort among your lab team. Completion of
More informationblac inc. : 04 : 15 HIGH PERFORMANCE HEAVY DUTY ACTUATOR DRS
blac inc. : 04 : 15 HIGH PERFORMANCE HEAVY DUTY ACTUATOR DRS RANGE OF BLAC INC. ACTUATORS Only BLAC INC. brings to its customers, a comprehensive range of products manufactured under an undivided roof
More informationACADEMIC ADVENTURES SCIENCE AND MATHEMATICS MIDDLE SCHOOL / HIGH SCHOOL
ACADEMIC ADVENTURES SCIENCE AND MATHEMATICS MIDDLE SCHOOL / HIGH SCHOOL INDEX WELCOME PAGE 3 INTRODUCTION PAGE 4 HELPGFUL TERMS AND FORMULAS PAGE 5 Activity One: Potential and Kinetic Energy PAGE 6 Kingda
More information5.2 Angular Motion. Motion and Force. Objective. Materials. Introduction /// TEACHER ALERT /// Directed Instruction. Content
5.2 Angular Motion Motion and Force Objective Students will define angular motion and distinguish between rotational and periodic motion. Materials Blackline Master 5.2A Discover: Amusement Parks Blackline
More informationo " tar get v moving moving &
Introduction You have a summer job at Amtrak with a group examining the crash between two trains. Your supervisor wants you to calculate the results of two different cases. The first is a perfectly inelastic
More informationZip Line Classroom Activity
Zip Line Classroom Activity The Classroom Activity introduces students to the context of a performance task, so they are not disadvantaged in demonstrating the skills the task intends to assess. Contextual
More informationThe Folding Carton Specialists
The Folding Carton Specialists CCL Healthcare now offers customers a new range of products: Digital Folding Cartons. Our equipment is designed to print, cut and glue almost every type of digital folding
More informationYour Perfect Hand Truck Let Magliner Help Customize Your Hand Truck
Design Your Own Magliner Mix and match parts from our modular components system for the customized hand truck to meet your needs. Select from the components and accessories on the following pages Your
More informationHI-CAPACITY FLEX-FRAME RAKES FLEX-FRAME 6116 INTRODUCING. the NEW H&S 16 Wheel 6116 FLEX-FRAME Rake!
FLEX-FRAME 6116 INTRODUCING the NEW H&S 16 Wheel 6116 FLEX-FRAME Rake! The NEW H&S 6116 FLEX-FRAME Rake joins the 18, 20, & 22 wheel models in the Flex-Frame Family of Rakes! FLEX-FRAME RAKE FEATURES Rake
More informationDinoot Trailer Building Overview Revision /30/16
Dinoot Trailer Building Overview Revision 1.3 01/30/16 Dinoot trailers are a straightforward DIY project which can be completed with basic tools; although a few optional tools make things easier and faster.
More informationDeluxe, heat resistant slide system: Quadro for ovens
Deluxe, heat resistant slide system: Quadro for ovens Trendsetting convenience for ovens Hettich is redefining convenience in the kitchen, and is bringing the convenience of the Quadro slide from kitchen
More informationJuly Camper Range & Features (03) Ask us about our Camper Trailer Finance from 8.5%
Camper Range & Features (03) 5976 3091 Ask us about our Camper Trailer Finance from 8.5% AUSSIE BASE from $4070* 7 X 4 Foot Australian built trailer 1500mm extended draw bar 14 Sunraysia wheels All new
More informationSH, MP, HP, EZ-SH, EZ-MP, EZ-HP Series Design Features & Benefits COXREELS. SH, MP, HP, EZ-SH, EZ-MP, & EZ-HP Series Design Features
COXREELS SH, MP, HP, EZ-SH, EZ-MP, & EZ-HP Series Design Features The following are features and benefits of our Standard Heavy Duty and EZ Coil TM Series Reel 1. GUIDE ARM: The Coxreels guide arm is stamped
More informationUSER MANUAL BMU WORKCAGE. CONFORM TO THE MACHINE DIRECTIVE 2006/42/EC and to EN1808 (1999)
USER MANUAL BMU WORKCAGE CONFORM TO THE MACHINE DIRECTIVE 2006/42/EC and to EN1808 (1999) All persons operating this equipment must read and completely understand this manual. Any operation in violation
More informationHISTORY. 9 Wellsford Drive, Bendigo, Vic., 3550 Ph: (03) Fax: (03)
HISTORY Spoutvac Industries Pty Ltd began in October 1987 as Australia s first major manufacturer of Industrial Vacuum & Water Jetting Systems. Spoutvac is today recognised as a leader in the applications
More informationSafety Interlock Switches
r Safety Interlock Switches TL19 TL19 Safety Interlock Switch with uard Door Locking High locking force of 10 N (270 lb.) locks guard door shut until machine is safe to enter IP67 (NEMA 6) enclosure enables
More informationUTV SNOW FORCE TM PUSH TUBE KIT OWNER S MANUAL
1701 38TH AVE W PO BOX 257 SPENCER, IA 51301 PHONE: 712-262-4191 FAX: 712-262-0248 SERVICE: 800-841-2222 E-MAIL: ccac@cyclecountry.com www.cyclecountry.com UTV SNOW FORCE TM PUSH TUBE KIT OWNER S MANUAL
More informationMEASUREMENT OF ACCELERATION Pre-Lab. Name: Roster#
MEASUREMENT OF ACCELERATION Pre-Lab Name: Roster# Date: 1. A tree is 15.0 m high and cast a shadow along the ground that is 30.0 m long. Draw a triangle that represents this situation. What angle does
More informationSKID STEER ATTACHMENT
www.erskineattachments.com EXTREME HEAVY-DUTY BRUSH MOWER SKID STEER ATTACHMENT THE ULTIMATE MOWING MACHINE... Extreme jobs call for the Extreme Heavy-Duty Brush Mower. This mower is armored to withstand
More informationAssembling & Fitting Instruction August 2015
Assembling & Fitting Instruction August 2015 Wave Curtain Heading System Silent Gliss 6010, 6020, 6100, 6103, 6290, 6380, 6465 Silent Gliss 3840, 6120 Silent Gliss 5090, 5200, 5400 Silent Gliss 5100, 5600
More informationHANDWHEELS.
HANDWHEELS 5 Handwheels Aluminum Angular Solid Handwheel...5.2 Aluminum Angular Spoked Handwheel... 5.2 Aluminum Finger Wheel... 5.10 Cast Angular Spoked Handwheel... 5.3 Cast Iron Angular Spoked Handwheel...
More informationRUPHIS Blade Clamp. Instruction Manual
RUPHIS Blade Clamp P/N 1006800 NSN 1615-01-562-8156 Instruction Manual AH-64D UH-60A/L UH-60M S-70i S-92 REVISION AUTHORIZATION / RECORD These instructions are primarily for inspection of the RUPHIS Blade
More informationSeven-eighths-spacing Rackmount Kit/Chassis Rackmount Kit. Techmar enclosure designs include interchangeable modular components,
SRK/CRK SERIES Seven-eighths-spacing Rackmount Kit/Chassis Rackmount Kit Techmar enclosure designs include interchangeable modular components, punched hole patterns and captive hardware, resulting in a
More informationMandolin Slicer Quite possibly the safest mandolin in the world
Mandolin Slicer Quite possibly the safest mandolin in the world MANDOLIN & COMPONENTS Handle Upper Plate Safe Hands Food Holder Non-Slip Retractable Leg Julianne Blades (3 sizes) Waffle / Crinkle Cut Blade
More informationPlease read this guide carefully. It tells you how to prepare your cutting plotter for production use in a few easy steps.
OPERATING GUIDE for Secabo mini Cutting Plotter Congratulations on purchasing your Secabo mini cutting plotter! Please read this guide carefully. It tells you how to prepare your cutting plotter for production
More informationWingsuit Design and Basic Aerodynamics 2
WINGSUIT DESIGN AND BASIC AERODYNAMICS 2 In this article I would like to expand on the basic aerodynamics principles I covered in my first article (Wingsuit Flying Aerodynamics 1) and to explain the challenges
More informationEric Collins Ted Dorris Drew Ellis Will Glass. The Polar Express. 12/06/08 Reviewed by Eric Collins, Ted Dorris, Drew Ellis, and Will Glass
Eric Collins Ted Dorris Drew Ellis Will Glass The Polar Express 12/06/08 Reviewed by Eric Collins, Ted Dorris, Drew Ellis, and Will Glass Abstract The objective of our team s project was to construct a
More informationIdea bank Roller conveyors 10718
10718 undriven Type AO * AX100 Ball table S50 Roller conveyor, undriven. Roller diam. 32 mm. Roller pitch 34 mm 5782 5471 5790 S50 Roller conveyor with omni wheels undriven för mounting on scale. Roller
More informationì<(sk$m)=becbfg< +^-Ä-U-Ä-U
Reader Thank You, Sir Isaac Newton! Genre Build Background Access Content Extend Language Expository Nonfiction Scientific Discovery Force and Motion Roller Coasters Labels and Captions Definitions Fact
More informationMechanics of Frisbee Throwing
16-741 Mechanics of Manipulation Project Report Mechanics of Frisbee Throwing Debidatta Dwibedi (debidatd) Senthil Purushwalkam (spurushw) Introduction Frisbee is a popular recreational and professional
More informationPhys2010 Fall th Recitation Activity (Week 9) Work and Energy
Phys2010 Fall 2015 5 th Recitation Activity (Week 9) Work and Energy Name Section Tues Wed Thu Fri 8am 10am 12pm 2pm 4pm 1. The figure at right shows a hand pushing a block as it moves through a displacement.
More informationData Sheet for Precision Potentiometer
The ALI(R)17/19 potentiometers in mm housing are suitable for applications where a precise multiturn potentiometer increased radial shaft loads is important. ALI(R)17/19 reinforced bearing ALI(R)17/19
More informationProduct Cut Sheet Z4-SERIES SEISMICFRAME CABINET SYSTEM SERVICE PARTS
Service Parts This document lists service parts for the Z4 SeismicFrame Cabinet System. Service parts include mounting rails, top panel, side panels, doors and door lock kits and are used as replacement
More informationEnglish Street, Manunda
PH: 4032 5715 info@bestcare.net.au AIRGO FUSION SIDE-FOLDING ROLLATOR & TRANSPORT CHAIR - PACIFIC BLUE The two in one side-fold rolling walker and transport chair! The Airgo Fusion was designed to allow
More informationMK3000. Operating and Calibration Instructions
MK3000 Operating and Calibration Instructions CONTENT 1. INTRODUCTION 3 1.1. GENERAL INFORMATION. 3 1.2. WORKING PRINCIPLE. 3 1.3. SECTION THROUGH CUTTER.. 4 1.4. SPECIFICATIONS.. 5 2. INSTRUCTIONS FOR
More informationMIDDLE SCHOOL STEM ADVENTURES
MIDDLE SCHOOL STEM ADVENTURES IN PARTNERSHIP WITH: 2017 EDITION WRITTEN BY: TOM PATERSON NJSPECIALEVENTS@SIXFLAGS.COM FOLLOW US - @SFGRADVENTURE JOIN THE CONVERSATION: #PHYSICSDAY1 SIX FLAGS GREAT ADVENTURE
More informationSection 11 Workstation Components
1 Section Quick and easy access to parts is made possible by the wide variety of trays, bins, and framing components available from Bosch. Individual workstation grab trays, containers, and ledges place
More informationGET MOVING A LEGOLAND Malaysia Educational Resource Guide
GET MOVING A LEGOLAND Malaysia Educational Resource Guide Table of Contents Welcome/About Get Moving: Objectives Page 1 Background Information What is Force? Page 2 Before and After Visit: Minds-On Investigations
More informationPRODUCT SPECIFICATION
Product Family Product Number Ages Rainbow Swing GS-RS3100 2 to 12 years 9 0 / 2.75 m Capacity 4 Size Use Zone W: 11 9 / 3.57 m H: 9 0 / 2.75 m L: 23 7 / 7.19 m W: 7 9 / 2.35 m Fall Height Shipping Weight
More information2009 Model Sports RV Features
2009 Model Sports RV Features Dustproof Waterproof Low Maintenance NEW "Master" Kitchen Slide Our biggest Kitchen Slide change since 2003. We've utilised Industrial Design to put you, the user, at the
More informationUSE OF TAKEOFF CHARTS [B737]
USE OF TAKEOFF CHARTS [B737] 1. Introducton This documentation presents an example of takeoff performance calculations for Boeing 737. It is called self-dispatch, primarily used by airline crew if that
More informationState Fair Field Trip
State Fair Field Trip Each student must complete this and three of the other activities at the fair to receive credit. Student Name Teacher Key Questions - Quantitative As you ride to the fair grounds
More informationInstallation and Maintenance Manual
Freestanding Gas Stove MODEL: PGS2005 GPEBB20R GPEBW20R Installation and Maintenance Manual Warning Maintenance products should be carried out by professional and technical personnel with relevant qualification,
More informationPARTS LIST CHARGER 2022 ABLT
PARTS LIST CHARGER 2022 ABLT HEAD ASSEMBLY ITEM PART NO. DESCRIPTION QTY 101 5990731 SPRING CLIP PAD HOLDER SET INCLUDES: 1 101A 9120205 #8 X 1/2 PAN HEAD PHILLIPS SHEET METAL SCREW PACK OF 3 3 102 9121490
More informationResearch into Modifications to the CooKit-New Materials for the Bag and Panels
Research into Modifications to the CooKit-New Materials for the Bag and Panels Dale Andreatta, Ph.D., P.E. November 9, 2007 Overview-What was Studied This informal report covers some research that was
More informationRETRACTABLE AWNING w/ OPTIONAL HOOD ASSEMBLY INSTRUCTIONS
Contact us @ (800)851-0865 RETRACTABLE AWNING w/ OPTIONAL HOOD ASSEMBLY INSTRUCTIONS Congratulations on your purchase of a new retractable awning. With proper installation this awning will provide years
More information