NJAA - NAARSO OUTREACH SEMINAR 2017
|
|
- Adam Norton
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 NJAA - NAARSO OUTREACH SEMINAR 2017
2
3 Design Verification Measuring the motion of an amusement ride allows verification of the ride design, construction and installation. It allows us to answer the question: Does the ride perform and move as intended? Patron Safety A properly designed, manufactured, installed and maintained ride will not expose Patrons to forces that exceed established limits. Testing allows this to be verified and documented. Ride Maintenance Regular testing of the motion dynamics produced on an amusement ride allows the changes in the ride dynamics over time to be analyzed, understood and, where necessary, corrected through ride maintenance.
4 ASTM International F24 committee manages and publishes a number of consensus standards that relate to the amusement industry. Two of these standards are particularly focused on the testing and analysis of the motion dynamics of amusement rides:
5 ASTM F2291, Standard Practice for Design of Amusement Rides and Devices Section 7 of F2291 specifically addresses limits on the acceptable accelerations that a patron may experience on an amusement ride. This is a design standard and applies to all amusement rides and devices that have been commissioned or subject to major modification since publication of the standard in 2003.
6 ASTM F2137, Standard practice for Measuring the Dynamic Characteristics of Amusement Rides and Devices This entire standard applies to the acquisition of quality, repeatable, documented test data measuring the motion dynamics of amusement rides. Of particular application to this discussion is Section 12, which specifies the Standardized Amusement Ride Characterization or SARC test. The SARC test represents the gold standard of amusement ride dynamics testing. Testing that is carried out in compliance with the specifications of a SARC test will produce high quality, repeatable and well-documented test data. SARC test results can be reliably used to compare the ride dynamics of one ride with another, the same ride with itself or to compare against accepted limits as may be found in F2291, Section 7.
7 The SARC test represents the gold standard of amusement ride dynamics testing. Testing that is carried out in compliance with the specifications of a SARC test will produce high quality, repeatable and well-documented test data. SARC test results can be reliably used to compare the ride dynamics of one ride with another, the same ride with itself or to compare against accepted limits as may be found in F2291, Section 7.
8 In order to explore some of the basic principles related to the motion or dynamics it will be helpful to define some terms: Dynamics, Displacement, Velocity, Acceleration g, g Force, Vector, Coordinate System and Accellerometer
9 The branch of mechanics dealing with motion of physical objects and the external forces that influence the motion.
10 The result of assigning a specific numerical value to a physical phenomenon.
11 Length or distance; Examples: feet, miles, meters.
12 Rate of change of displacement or Displacement/Time; Examples: ft/sec, miles/hour, m/sec.
13 Rate of change of velocity or Velocity/Time; Examples g, ft/sec2, m/sec2.
14 The acceleration resulting from Earth s unopposed gravitational force on an object.
15 The force gravity imposes on any object near the earth. One g-force equals what an object weights on Earth. If you are experiencing 1g, you are feeling your weight. We feel this downward force all the time when we are at rest on or near the surface of the earth. If you are experiencing 1.25g, you are experiencing a force equal to 1.25 times your body weight. This could happen in an elevator as it accelerates upward to move to a higher floor. If you are experiencing 0g, you are in free fall under the influence of gravity. Neglecting aerodynamic drag, this is what happens when your parachute fails!
16 A physical quantity that possesses characteristics of magnitude and direction, Examples: Displacement, Velocity, Acceleration and Force. It may be helpful to think of a vector as an arrow: it has a head, a tail and length. The length represents the magnitude of the vector and the head relative to the tail represents the direction of the vector.
17 An orthogonal system of three linear axes or directions.
18 WHAT IN THE WORLD IS ORTHOGONAL? intersecting or lying at right angles Mutually prependicular
19 A device that detects and measures acceleration. Neither an accelerometer nor a patron can distinguish between the acceleration produced by an external force or by gravity.
20 The concept of a coordinate system needs further explanation. An orthogonal coordinate system allows space and direction to be defined and quantified. We are familiar with a 2- Dimension (2D) coordinate system that may be used to define a planar or X-Y graph (Figure 1). We exist in a 3-Dimensional (3D) universe that can be represented by a 3D coordinate system such as Length, Width and Height or X, Y and Z (Figure 2).
21 As may be seen in Figure 3, any point in space can be uniquely defined as being at some distance from the coordinate system origin in the X, Y and Z directions. If you know the location of the coordinate system origin and you know the unique X, Y and Z coordinates, you absolutely know the location of the point in space.
22 It is useful to recognize that breaking any vector quantity in 3D space into three component vectors oriented along the coordinate system axes is simply a tool that makes dynamics analysis and physical measurements easier. In the case of a force vector, physical objects in space cannot distinguish between the effects of a single composite force vector or three separate component force vectors that are oriented along the axes of a coordinate system.
23 In order to be useful a coordinate system must be attached to an object or a point in space. The Patron Coordinate System is attached to the patron as shown in Figure 3. This means that as the patron s orientation in 3D space changes though the course of the amusement ride experience, the Patron Coordinate System also changes orientation with respect to the earth and gravity (Figure 4).
24
25 All quantities related to dynamics can be defined in terms of these four fundaments concepts. We conceive of Space as a 3D structure within which we exist and move. Think of the concept of a coordinate system. We define and utilize Time to give a chronological order to events and to define the rate at which something occurs. Mass is a characteristic of all physical objects (with the exception of some sub-atomic particles) and is inherent in our ability to experience gravity and inertia. Forces are what shape and change our existence. It is a force that accelerates us away from a stoplight. Rising from a chair requires force (and it seems the older we get the greater the required force!). Force is what keeps us attached to the amusement ride. Other forces are those that feel like they want to detach us from the amusement ride. Gravity is a force that exists between objects that have mass. On Earth, unopposed gravity will produce a 1g acceleration (free fall).
26 1. A body at rest, or moving at constant velocity, remains so unless acted on by an unbalanced external force. 2. Force = Mass * Acceleration *THIS IS A BIG DEAL* 3. For every force acting on a body, the body exerts an equal and opposite reaction force. * All three of Newton s laws are essential and fundamental to the analysis of dynamic motion. However, it is the second law that underlies the entire concept of accelerometer testing of amusement rides. The second law defines the principle that force is proportional to acceleration and the proportionality constant is equal to mass.
27 Velocity is the least interesting to our purposes. Traveling to this seminar, many of you traveled by airplane. Much of your trip was spent in excess of 500 mph. However, there was very little drama resulting from the high speed. As they say when a person falls from a great height, it is not the high terminal velocity that produces the problem - it is the high rate of change of velocity at the end of the fall that creates the problem! Rate of change of velocity is the definition of acceleration. Strictly speaking, it is not the high deceleration (or negative acceleration) that is the problem; it is the high force that is proportional to the high deceleration.
28 Force is what directly affects patrons and structures. Force has the capacity to fail a structure (bones, connective tissues, soft tissues, axles, beams, columns, etc.). Unfortunately, external forces acting on a moving body or structure may be difficult to measure. But acceleration is relatively easy to measure and, again, acceleration is proportional to force. Measuring acceleration allows the forces associated with ride motion to be quantified and analyzed. This is why we perform accelerometer testing.
29 The tolerance of a patron to a force depends on the magnitude, direction and duration of the force and the characteristics of the patron supporting structures such as the seat, headrest and restraints. An extremely high force that has a similarly extremely short duration may be hardly felt (think of fingernails tapping on a steel anvil) while a force that produces a 15g acceleration for 10 seconds could be fatal.
30 Adhering to the provisions of ASTM F2137 establishes a foundation for generating reliable, repeatable and adequately documented test results. It covers in detail instrumentation performance specifications, test procedures and test documentation. It applies whenever dynamic measurements are made on an amusement ride or device, not just accelerometer testing.
31 Section 7 of ASTM F2137 describes and specifies the Standard Amusement Ride Characterization (SARC) test. This test specification: 1. Is specific to characterizing the motion dynamics of a ride or device. 2. Specifies 3 orthogonal axes of acceleration using a triaxial accelerometer. 3. Defines instrumentation axes that conform to the ASTM Patron Coordinate System.
32 Section 7 of ASTM F2137 describes and specifies the Standard Amusement Ride Characterization (SARC) test. This test specification: 4. Places the origin of the Patron Coordinate System at a specified location relative to the seat pan and back. 5. Defines and specifies many additional technical details of the test procedure, measurement system and test documentation that allow data acquired by different test personnel to be directly compared and uniformly analyzed.
33 Section 7 of ASTM F2137 describes and specifies the Standard Amusement Ride Characterization (SARC) test. This test specification: It is recommend that any person who will be reviewing amusement ride accelerometer test results as part of their employment responsibilities obtain a copy of the ATSM F2291 and F2137 standards.
34
35 Traditional Wood Coaster Out and back, Figure 5. Few turns. Generally the turns are low speed Prominent hills and valleys Most of the forces are in the Z-axis
36
37 Few turns Prominent hills and valleys Most of the forces are in the Z-axis
38
39 Many turns, some significantly banked, others less so Significant forces in both the Z-axis and Y-axis High and low points in the track elevation rather than simple hills and valleys
40
41 Low forces in the Y-axis. Significantly banked turns Generally higher forces in the X-axis than other coaster styles Most of the forces are in the Z-axis High and low points in the track elevation rather than simple hills and valleys Few significant pitch-down events. Little or no airtime
42
43 Comparison Plots Allows multiple tests of a ride to be directly compared. Note the data are plotted versus distance along the track rather than versus time. Steel Coaster, Figure 9. Fatigue cracking required installation of a new section of track tube Track repair poorly executed then corrected
44
45 Comparison Plots Allows multiple tests of a ride to be directly compared. Note the data are plotted versus distance along the track rather than versus time. On the wood coaster comparison plots, note the bent numbers plotted along the top of the comparison plots. Rough track documented in both the Y-axis and Z-axis Track maintenance work produced significant improvements
46
47 Significant seatback angle effects the determination of the worst-case deceleration in the end-of-ride brakes during an E-Stop.
48
49 The motion dynamics of an amusement ride or device are important to us. They relate directly to external forces acting on the patrons and structures, and forces have the potential to injure patrons and to damage or degrade structures.
50 Forces are difficult to measure, accelerations are much easier, and force is proportional to acceleration. Problem solved! We ll measure acceleration.
51 Regular testing, documents conformance to published standards and allows amusement rides and devices to be maintained so they function as intended by the designer/manufacturer.
52 So, I ve heard that Roller Coasters can cause brain Injuries. Are these rides really safe?
53 Like all engineered products, rollercoaster design improves every year. Increases in speed are due to engineering advances in design and manufacturing Rollercoaster Peak G s have not increased since 1970, based on available test data. Largest Human G tolerance study done 1954 (Cochran) Much human G research in 1970 s, 1980 s (Whinnery) The following Coaster test data represents 100% of rides from Six Flags, the world s largest owner/operator of roller coasters.
54 Vertical Acceleration (G's) 135 Rollercoasters Maximum Vertical Acceleration (Spine in Compression) Year of Installation
55 Max Speed (MPH) Rollercoaster Speeds Year Of Installation
56 If you remember one thing from this presentation, remember this: Ride speed does not equal ride acceleration. Corollary 1 Higher speed does not equal Higher Acceleration Corollary 2 Lower speed does not equal Lower Acceleration
57 OK, ride G s have not increased over the years. What objective injury criteria can we evaluate Roller Coaster Accelerations against to see what the probability of injury is?
58 HIC NFL Data
59 Same Data Collection Methods, same instrumentation, which has a higher HIC Score?
60 Passing HIC scores for standardized car crash testing are in the range A hit to the back of the head with a Pillow gives a HIC of The highest rollercoaster score of 71 coasters tested was 9.4
61
62 The test subjects were instrumented with 6 sensors in their mouths (3 linear acceleration, 3 rotational rate), the vehicle was monitored with 4 sensors (3 linear acceleration, 1 rotational rate). Eight different coasters were tested, all of which are aggressive, high thrill rides. Differentiating rotational rate data yields angular acceleration. How do the numbers look?
63 Peak Angular Acceleration (Rad/s^2) Roller Coasters and Brain Injury Steel Roller Coaster, Lateral Direction Boxers: No Injury Volunteer Study Data Subdural Hematoma Peak Rotational Velocity (Rad/s)
64 By all known rational scientific criteria, Roller Coasters DO NOT cause Brain injuries. Anyone who says otherwise can not support that statement with any objective data, research, or test results. UPenn Biomedical researchers Dr. David Meaney and Dr. Douglas Smith said it best in their article from the Journal of Neurotrauma (vol 19, #10, 2002): We highly recommend that all rollercoaster riders use a proven method to reduce the risk of brain injury: make sure your seatbelts are buckled at all times when driving to an amusement park.
65
Some of the numbered sections of the track are described to the right. The times correspond to a graph found on page 58.
QUALITATIVE QUESTIONS If the track were stretch out so that it were entirely in a single plane, the profile would look like the diagram below. Some of the numbered sections of the track are described to
More informationNASA Connection Free-Fall Rides
NASA Connection Free-Fall Rides A free-fall ride, like the one pictured here, lets you fall for about 1.5 seconds. Once the car is lifted to the top and released, the force of gravity pulls it toward the
More informationImportant! You need to print out the 2 page worksheet you find by clicking on this link and take it with you to your lab session.
1 PHY 123 Lab 5 - Linear Momentum (updated 10/9/13) In this lab you will investigate the conservation of momentum in one-dimensional collisions of objects. You will do this for both elastic and inelastic
More informationMotion 2. 1 Purpose. 2 Theory
Motion 2 Equipment Capstone, motion sensor, meter stick, air track+ 2 gliders, 2 blocks, and index cards. Air Tracks In this experiment you will be using an air track. This is a long straight triangular
More informationABSTRACT TIES TO CURRICULUM TIME REQUIREMENT
ABSTRACT This lesson uses the thrill of amusement park attractions to teach students how to analyze principles of motion. The Calculator Based Laboratory helps students record and analyze acceleration
More informationTitle ID Number Sequence and Duration. Age Level Essential Question Learning Objectives
Title ID Number Sequence and Duration Age Level Essential Question Learning Objectives Lesson Activity Design a Roller Coaster (2 sessions, 60-80 minutes) HS-S-C3 Session 1: Background and Planning Lead
More informationTable of Contents School Information 2 Note Page 3 Words of Physics 4 Gut Feelings at the Park 5 Helpful Formulas 6 Fun Facts 7 Heart Rate 8 Inverter
Table of Contents School Information 2 Note Page 3 Words of Physics 4 Gut Feelings at the Park 5 Helpful Formulas 6 Fun Facts 7 Heart Rate 8 Inverter 9 Canyon Blaster 10-11 Extreme Ride Theater 12 BC Bus
More informationSIX FLAGS GREAT ADVENTURE PHYSICS DAY REVIEW & SAMPLES
DIRECTIONS: SIX FLAGS GREAT ADVENTURE PHYSICS DAY REVIEW & SAMPLES For your assignment you will answer Multiple Choice questions and Open Ended Questions. All students must do the Great American Scream
More informationMATH & SCIENCE DAYS STUDENT MANUAL
MATH & SCIENCE DAYS STUDENT MANUAL CONSCIOUS COMMUTING As you ride to Six Flags Great America be conscious of some of the PHYSICS on the way. A. STARTING UP THINGS TO MEASURE: As the bus pulls away from
More informationMEASUREMENT OF ACCELERATION Pre-Lab. Name: Roster#
MEASUREMENT OF ACCELERATION Pre-Lab Name: Roster# Date: 1. A tree is 15.0 m high and cast a shadow along the ground that is 30.0 m long. Draw a triangle that represents this situation. What angle does
More informationHigh School Lesson Glider Design
High School Lesson Glider Design Description Glider Design is the production of gliding products without the use of engines as demonstrated by the NASA space shuttle s return to the Earth s surface after
More informationPhysics Is Fun. At Waldameer Park! Erie, PA
Physics Is Fun At Waldameer Park! Erie, PA THINGS TO BRING: Amusement Park Physics Bring a pencil Bring a calculator Don t forget to bring this assignment packet Bring a stop watch, a digital watch, or
More informationThrill U. THE PHYSICS AND MATHEMATICS OF AMUSEMENT PARK RIDES. Middle School
Thrill U. THE PHYSICS AND MATHEMATICS OF AMUSEMENT PARK RIDES Middle School Copyrighted by Dr. Joseph S. Elias. This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant
More informationRunway Roughness Evaluation- Boeing Bump Methodology
FLIGHT SERVICES Runway Roughness Evaluation- Boeing Bump Methodology Michael Roginski, PE, Principal Engineer Boeing Airport Compatibility Engineering ALACPA XI Seminar, Santiago, Chile September 1-5,
More informationRunway Roughness Evaluation- Boeing Bump Methodology
FLIGHT SERVICES Runway Roughness Evaluation- Boeing Bump Methodology Michael Roginski, PE, Principal Engineer Boeing Airport Compatibility Engineering ALACPA X Seminar, Mexico City, Mexico September 3-
More informationNational Association of Rocketry Level 3 High Power Certification Requirements
National Association of Rocketry Level 3 High Power Certification Requirements 1.0 Flyer Requirements 1.1 Any individual attempting NAR Level 3 Certification must be a Level 2 high power certified NAR
More informationIMPETUS: Engineering Workbook Model Roller Coaster Competition
IMPETUS: Engineering Workbook Model Roller Coaster Competition School and Team Information This information can be completed at any time before the roller coaster competition School Name: Coach s Name:
More informationPaper Roller Coasters Engineering Journal. Name: Group: Period: Due date:
Paper Roller Coasters Engineering Journal Name: Group: Period: Due date: Problem: You are a roller coaster manufacturer competing for a bid to build a roller coaster for an amusement park. Your task is
More informationRunway Roughness Evaluation- Boeing Bump Methodology
FLIGHT SERVICES Runway Roughness Evaluation- Boeing Bump Methodology Michael Roginski, PE, Principal Engineer Boeing Airport Compatibility Engineering ALACPA X Seminar, Mexico City, Mexico September 30-
More informationPHY 133 Lab 6 - Conservation of Momentum
Stony Brook Physics Laboratory Manuals PHY 133 Lab 6 - Conservation of Momentum The purpose of this lab is to demonstrate conservation of linear momentum in one-dimensional collisions of objects, and to
More informationLesson 1: Rolling and moving with Science
Question: How is science related to roller coasters? Interpret and apply Newton's three laws of motion. Describe phase transitions in terms of kinetic molecular theory Lesson 1: Rolling and moving with
More informationEgg-streme Parachuting Flinn STEM Design Challenge
Egg-streme Parachuting Flinn STEM Design Challenge 6 07, Flinn Scientific, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Reproduced for one-time use with permission from Flinn Scientific, Inc. Batavia, Illinois, U.S.A. No
More informationSafety Analysis of the Winch Launch
Safety Analysis of the Winch Launch Trevor Hills British Gliding Association and Lasham Gliding Society ts.hills@talk21.com Presented at the XXVIII OSTIV Congress, Eskilstuna, Sweden, 8-15 June 26 Abstract
More informationWingsuit Design and Basic Aerodynamics 2
WINGSUIT DESIGN AND BASIC AERODYNAMICS 2 In this article I would like to expand on the basic aerodynamics principles I covered in my first article (Wingsuit Flying Aerodynamics 1) and to explain the challenges
More informationREPORT A-024/2012 DATA SUMMARY
REPORT A-024/2012 DATA SUMMARY LOCATION Date and time Sunday, 1 July 2012; 08:45 UTC 1 Site La Juliana Aerodrome (Seville, Spain) AIRCRAFT Registration Type and model Operator HA-NAH SMG-92 Turbo Finist
More information7-Nov-15 PHYS Elastic Collision. To study the laws of conservation of momentum and energy in an elastic collision. Glider 1, masss m 1.
Objective Elastic Collision To study the laws of conservation of momentum and energy in an elastic collision. Introduction If no net external force acts on a system of particles, the total linear momentum
More information(ii) Weight. Maximum gross weight for all tests, except where otherwise described in subparagraph (iii) below.
(2) Analysis of System. An analysis of the control system should be completed before conducting the loss of the primary lateral control test. On some airplanes, the required single lateral control system
More informationAn Analysis of the Restraint Sufficiency of the Happijac Tie-Down System for Truck- Mounted Slide-In Campers
Product Assessment Report October 2002 An Analysis of the Restraint Sufficiency of the Happijac Tie-Down System for Truck- Mounted Slide-In Campers Spencer P. Magleby, PhD Associate Professor of Mechanical
More informationEngineering Fundamentals 151. Roller Coaster Project. December 2 nd, Wesley Jones. Chris Kibler. Ryan Moran. Evan Sutton
1 Engineering Fundamentals 151 Roller Coaster Project December 2 nd, 2008 Wesley Jones Chris Kibler Ryan Moran Evan Sutton 2 Each member has read and agreed upon the given format of this report. Abstract
More informationRolling with Roller Coasters
Rolling with Roller Coasters Grade Level: 6 Total Time Required: Two 50 minute class sessions Prepared By: Brenda Capobianco, Todd Kelley, Dana Ruggiero, and Chell Nyquist Sources: National Science Digital
More informationEric Collins Ted Dorris Drew Ellis Will Glass. The Polar Express. 12/06/08 Reviewed by Eric Collins, Ted Dorris, Drew Ellis, and Will Glass
Eric Collins Ted Dorris Drew Ellis Will Glass The Polar Express 12/06/08 Reviewed by Eric Collins, Ted Dorris, Drew Ellis, and Will Glass Abstract The objective of our team s project was to construct a
More informationNames of Lab Team Members. Scorpion Worksheet
PRE-IB PHYSICS GROUP # Name: DEVIL PHYSICS Period: Date: BADDEST CLASS ON CAMPUS PHYSICS DAY AT BUSCH GARDENS General Guidelines: 1. Data collection is a group effort among your lab team. Completion of
More informationThe Niagara SkyWheel Teacher Resource Guide Grades 9-12
The Niagara SkyWheel Teacher Resource Guide Grades 9-12 Welcome to The Niagara SkyWheel! Arrival and Entry Please allow ample time for parking and obtaining tickets. Safety To have the best adventure possible,
More informationAir Track Collisions
PC1141 Physics I Air Track Collisions 1 Objectives Determine the velocity and momentum of each glider before and after the collision from which the total momentum of the system before and after the collision
More informationEverybody Dance Now. X Christopher Drinnon. X Danielle Karman. X Joey Moran. X Thomas Swearingen. X Robert Wilkins. Rollercoaster
TEAM C. & C. MUSIC FACTORY Everybody Dance Now Rollercoaster X Christopher Drinnon Christopher Drinnon X Danielle Karman Danielle Karman X Joey Moran Joey Moran X Thomas Swearingen Thomas Swearingen X
More informationTable of Contents. page 4. Student Resources. page 6. Park Map. Ride Packet Student Worksheets. pages Group Activities.
10:10 AM L HIGH SCHOO K O O B K R O TW STUDEN 5 19, 26 1, 2 1, 5 Y A,M APRIL 28 Table of Contents page 4 Student Resources page 6 Park Map pages 7 45 pages 46 49 Group Activities pages 50 52 Rainy Day
More informationRoller Coasters! PRE READING TASK. Physics Gr11A
Name: Class: Date: Roller Coasters! Grade 11A Science Related Reading/Physics Physics Gr11A A cat jumps over a fence. How does the dog s potential energy change on the way up? How does the dog s potential
More informationSpring accelerometers
Spring accelerometers A spring accelerometer is a transparent plexiglass tube containing a small mass connected to two identical springs fixed to either end of the tube, with which we can measure the forces
More informationForces on a Parachute
Forces on a Parachute Throw your parachute in the air. Record 3 observations or questions about your parachute: 1. 2. 3. Read: Playing with Parachutes 1. What does the word Parachute mean? 2. When did
More informationSix Flags. Great. Adventure. Physics. Packet
Great Adventure Packet 0 Six Flags Great Adventure Physics Packet Groups Members - Physics teacher s name: Great Adventure Packet 1 Equations Kinematics v = d/t v f = v i + at d = v i t + ½ at 2 v f 2
More informationSix Flags Great Adventure Physics Packet
Great Adventure Packet 1 Six Flags Great Adventure Physics Packet Groups Members with Physics teacher s name: Great Adventure Packet 2 Equations Kinematics v = d/t v f = v i + at d = v i t + ½ at 2 v f
More informationMechanics of Frisbee Throwing
16-741 Mechanics of Manipulation Project Report Mechanics of Frisbee Throwing Debidatta Dwibedi (debidatd) Senthil Purushwalkam (spurushw) Introduction Frisbee is a popular recreational and professional
More informationIATA Air Carrier Self Audit Checklist Analysis Questionnaire
IATA Air Carrier Self Audit Checklist Analysis Questionnaire Purpose Runway Excursion Prevention Air Carrier Self Audit Checklist The Flight Safety Foundation (FSF) Reducing the Risk of Runway Excursions
More informationAASHTO AS Presented to AASHTO T 8, June 13, 2017
AASHTO AS 13 0024 Support for the HSCOBS Technical Committee on Moveable Bridges (T-8) in a Technical Advisory Role for Specification Updates Span Lock Design Study Presented to AASHTO T 8, June 13, 2017
More informationOPERATIONS CIRCULAR 01/2012. Subject: HEAD-UP DISPLAYS (HUD) AND ENHANCED VISION SYSTEMS (EVS)
GOVERNMENT OF INDIA CIVIL AVIATION DEPARTMENT OFFICE OF THE DIRECTOR GENERAL OF CIVIL AVIATION OPP. SAFDARJUNG AIRPORT, NEW DELHI 110 003 TELEPHONE: 091-011-4635261 4644768 FAX: 091-011-4644764 TELEX:
More informationAircraft Design: A Systems Engineering Approach, M. Sadraey, Wiley, 2012 Chapter 12 Design of Control Surfaces. Tables
Aircraft Design: A Systems Engineering Approach, M. Sadraey, Wiley, 2012 Chapter 12 Design of Control Surfaces Tables No Term 1 Trim, balance, equilibrium Definition When the summations of all forces exerting
More informationFAA/HSAC PART 135 SYSTEM SAFETY RISK MANAGEMENT SAFETY ELEMENT TRAINING OF FLIGHT CREWMEMBERS JOB AID Revision 1
SAFETY ELEMENT 4.2.3 - TRAINING OF FLIGHT CREWMEMBERS JOB AID Revision 1 The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) is proactively moving away from compliance based safety surveillance programs to Systems
More informationMr. Freeze. as viewed from the top of the ferris wheel:
QUALITATIVE QUESTIONS Many of the questions that follow refer to the graphs of data collected when riding with high tech data collection vests. With your I.D., you can borrow a vest without charge just
More informationGRAVITY ROLLER COASTER LAUNCH COASTER
GRAVITY ROLLER COASTER LAUNCH COASTER ROLLER COASTER CLASSIFICATIONS LOOPING COASTERS: characterized by an acceleration of up to 4,5 g; the maximum speed is 15 m/s and the track is designed with a mixed
More informationCHAPTER 5 AEROPLANE PERFORMANCE OPERATING LIMITATIONS
CHAP 5-1 CHAPTER 5 PERFORMANCE OPERATING LIMITATIONS 5.1 GENERAL 5.1.1 Aeroplanes shall be operated in accordance with a comprehensive and detailed code of performance established by the Civil Aviation
More informationHARD. Preventing. Nosegear Touchdowns
Preventing HARD Nosegear Touchdowns In recent years, there has been an increase in the incidence of significant structural damage to commercial airplanes from hard nosegear touchdowns. In most cases, the
More informationCITY OF NEWPORT AND PORT OF ASTORIA REQUEST FOR PROPOSALS -- SCHEDULED AIRLINE SERVICE BASIC INFORMATION
CITY OF NEWPORT AND PORT OF ASTORIA -- BASIC INFORMATION DEADLINE FOR SUBMISSION: October 15, 2008 -- 5:00 pm SUBMIT PROPOSALS TO: Gary Firestone City Attorney City of Newport 169 SW Coast Highway Newport,
More informationNOISE ABATEMENT PROCEDURES
1. Introduction NOISE ABATEMENT PROCEDURES Many airports today impose restrictions on aircraft movements. These include: Curfew time Maximum permitted noise levels Noise surcharges Engine run up restrictions
More informationEffect of Support Conditions on Static Behavior of 1400m main span and 700m side span Cable-stayed Bridge
Effect of Support Conditions on Static Behavior of 1400m main span and 700m side span Cable-stayed Bridge Prof. G. M. Savaliya Department of Civil Engineering Government Engineering College, Surat, Gujarat,
More informationHelicopter Performance. Performance Class 2 - The Concept. Jim Lyons
Helicopter Performance Performance Class 2 - The Concept Jim Lyons Aim of the Presentation Establishes the derivation of PC2 from the ICAO Standard and explains the necessary extensions Examines the basic
More informationNATA Aircraft Maintenance & System Technology Committee Best Practices. RVSM Maintenance
NATA Aircraft Maintenance & System Technology Committee Best Practices Reduced Vertical Separation Minimum (RVSM) Airspace reduces the vertical separation above flight level (FL) 290 from 2000-ft minimum
More informationAn Analysis of Dynamic Actions on the Big Long River
Control # 17126 Page 1 of 19 An Analysis of Dynamic Actions on the Big Long River MCM Team Control # 17126 February 13, 2012 Control # 17126 Page 2 of 19 Contents 1. Introduction... 3 1.1 Problem Background...
More informationHEAD-UP DISPLAY (HUD), EQUIVALENT DISPLAYS AND VISION SYSTEMS
ATT 2.B-1 ATTACHMENT 2.B HEAD-UP DISPLAY (HUD), EQUIVALENT DISPLAYS AND VISION SYSTEMS Supplementary to 2.2.2.2, 2.4.15.1, 3.4.2.7 and 3.6.12 Introduction The material in this attachment provides guidance
More informationPhys2010 Fall th Recitation Activity (Week 9) Work and Energy
Phys2010 Fall 2015 5 th Recitation Activity (Week 9) Work and Energy Name Section Tues Wed Thu Fri 8am 10am 12pm 2pm 4pm 1. The figure at right shows a hand pushing a block as it moves through a displacement.
More informationSix Flags. Great. Adventure. Physics. Packet
Great Adventure Packet 0 Six Flags Great Adventure Physics Packet Groups Members - Physics teacher s name: Great Adventure Packet 1 MAKING MEASUREMENTS AND CALCULATING ANSWERS Most measurements can be
More informationThe Board concluded its investigation and released report A11H0002 on 25 March 2014.
REASSESSMENT OF THE RESPONSE TO TSB RECOMMENDATION A14-01 Unstable approaches Background On 20 August 2011, the Boeing 737-210C combi aircraft (registration C GNWN, serial number 21067), operated by Bradley
More informationROLLER COASTER POLYNOMIALS
Math 3 Honors ROLLER COASTER POLYNOMIALS (PART 1: Application problems small group in class) (PART 2: Individual roller coaster design) Purpose: In real life, polynomial functions are used to design roller
More informationTri-Glide Instruction Manual
Tri-Glide Instruction Manual 12 Timber Lane Marlboro NJ 07746 09/09/2011 tel: 732.462.6277 fax:732.462.6355 email: sales@hilmanrollers.com CONTENTS Contents Page Warnings 3 Operating Instructions 4 General
More informationTable of Contents. page 4. Student Resources. page 6. Park Map. Ride Packet Student Worksheets. pages Group Activities.
10:10 AM L O O H C S E L D MID K O O B K R O TW STUDEN 5 19, 26 1, 2 1, 5 Y A,M APRIL 28 Table of Contents page 4 Student Resources page 6 Park Map pages 7 38 pages 39 43 Group Activities pages 44 45 Rainy
More informationPolynomial Roller Coaster
Math Objectives Students will determine and analyze a polynomial model for a section of roller coaster track. Students will utilize translations to adjust their model to fit various criteria. Students
More informationHuman Powered Flight THE KREMER HUMAN-POWERED AIRCRAFT FOR SPORT
Human Powered Flight Rules and Regulations for THE KREMER HUMAN-POWERED AIRCRAFT FOR SPORT THE ROYAL AERONAUTICAL SOCIETY 4 Hamilton Place, London, W1V OBQ Telephone +44 (0)20 7670 4345 Fax +44 (0)20 7670
More informationRoller Coaster Information Sheet Please Print Roller Coasters will NOT be allowed on the stage for judging unless they are accompanied by this sheet School Name: Teacher Name: Coaster Name: Members of
More informationThe Impact of Maintenance on Passenger Airline Safety
School of Aeronautics and Astronautics The Impact of Maintenance on Passenger Airline Safety Matthew Robichaud August 28 th, 2010 Outline 1. Motivation for the project. 2. Maintenance-related accident
More informationTECHNICAL BULLETIN TRI-FUNCTIONAL BUSH INSPECTION
TECHNICAL BULLETIN TRI-FUNCTIONAL BUSH INSPECTION LIT NO: 97117-135 DATE: June 2018 REVISION: E 6 Inch Bush 3 Inch Bush The TRI-FUNCTIONAL Bush (TFB ) is a key factor in both ride quality and roll stability
More informationProvided by TryEngineering -
Take F lig ht! Provided by TryEngineering - www.tryengineering.org L e s s o n F o c u s Lesson focuses on flight and how the design of a glider will improve aerodynamic function. Teams of students explore
More informationGRADE 7 & 8 SCIENCE TABLE OF CONTENTS. Amusement Ride Activities page 22. Park Exploration page 71. Consumer Survey page 71
GRADE 7 & 8 SCIENCE TABLE OF CONTENTS In-School Preparation (includes Curriculum Correlations) page 2 Amusement Ride Activities page 22 Park Exploration page 71 Consumer Survey page 71 Building Project
More informationDeveloping a Functional Roller Coaster Optimizer. Ernest Lee. April 20, Abstract
Developing a Functional Roller Coaster Optimizer Josh Tsai Brigham Young University joshjtsai@gmail.com Ernest Lee Brigham Young University ernest.tylee@gmail.com April 20, 2017 Abstract Roller coasters
More informationThe Amusement Ride Safety Regulations, 2017
AMUSEMENT RIDE SAFETY, 2017 A-18.2 REG 2 1 The Amusement Ride Safety Regulations, 2017 being Chapter A-18.2 Reg 2 (effective January 1, 2018). NOTE: This consolidation is not official. Amendments have
More informationPhysics Activity Guide
Physics Activity Guide 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS Earthbound Astronauts 3 Mechanics of Motion 4 Angles and Arcs 5 Angles and Arcs II 6 Viking Voyager 7 Bamboozler 8 Zulu 9 Finnish Fling 10 Autobahn 11 Scrambler
More informationHONDURAS AGENCY of CIVIL AERONAUTICS (AHAC) RAC-OPS-1 SUBPART Q FLIGHT / DUTY TIME LIMITATIONS AND REST REQUIREMENTS. 01-Jun-2012
HONDURAS AGENCY of CIVIL AERONAUTICS (AHAC) RAC-OPS-1 SUBPART Q FLIGHT / DUTY TIME LIMITATIONS AND REST REQUIREMENTS 01-Jun-2012 Contents Contents... 2 RAC OPS.1.1080 General provisions... 3 RAC OPS.1.1085
More informationFederal Aviation Administration. Summary
Federal Aviation Administration Memorandum Date: February 16, 2006 From: Kim Smith, Manager, Small Airplane Directorate, ACE-100 To: See Distribution Prepared by: Ervin Dvorak, (816) 329-4123 Subject:
More informationACADEMIC ADVENTURES SCIENCE AND MATHEMATICS MIDDLE SCHOOL / HIGH SCHOOL
ACADEMIC ADVENTURES SCIENCE AND MATHEMATICS MIDDLE SCHOOL / HIGH SCHOOL INDEX WELCOME PAGE 3 INTRODUCTION PAGE 4 HELPGFUL TERMS AND FORMULAS PAGE 5 Activity One: Potential and Kinetic Energy PAGE 6 Kingda
More informationFLIGHT ENDURANCE. Participants analyze flight principles with rubber band powered model aircraft.
Page 1 of 5 OVERVIEW Participants analyze flight principles with rubber band powered model aircraft. PURPOSE The Flight Endurance event requires participants to build, fly, and adjust (trim) a model to
More informationPEAK 1 GENERAL INFORMATION 1.1 THE CONCEPT 1.2 SAFETY 1.3 THE SPEED SYSTEM 2 THE EMERGENCY PARACHUTE 2.1 EMERGENCY PARACHUTE ASSEMBLY
PEAK 1 GENERAL INFORMATION 1.1 THE CONCEPT 1.2 SAFETY 1.3 THE SPEED SYSTEM 2 THE EMERGENCY PARACHUTE 2.1 EMERGENCY PARACHUTE ASSEMBLY 3 ADJUSTING YOUR PEAK 3.1 ADJUSTING THE SITTING POSITION 3.2 ADJUSTING
More informationDGAC Costa Rica. MCAR OPS 1-Subpart Q LIMITATIONS OF FLIGHT TIME AND TIME OF SERVICE AND REST REQUIREMENTS. 30-June-2009
DGAC Costa Rica MCAR OPS 1-Subpart Q LIMITATIONS OF FLIGHT TIME AND TIME OF SERVICE AND REST REQUIREMENTS 30-June-2009 Contents Contents... 2 SUBPART Q LIMITATIONS OF FLIGHT TIME AND TIME OF SERVICE AND
More informationSubpart H. 2042/2003
AIRWORTHINESS NOTICE Issue of Certificate of Airworthiness No 12 Issue 3 May 2014 1 Purpose and scope The Civil Aviation Directive CAD-AIRW/8(1)-1 incorporates the Annex Part 21 to the European Commission
More informationAlpha Systems AOA Classic & Ultra CALIBRATION PROCEDURES
Alpha Systems AOA Calibration Overview The calibration of the Alpha Systems AOA has 3 simple steps 1.) (On the Ground) Zero calibration 2.) (In-flight) Optimum Alpha Angle (OAA) calibration 3.) (In-flight)
More informationAttraction Safety. Westlakes. Engineering. Our Capabilities
Westlakes Engineering Attraction Safety Our Capabilities 2 Kentucky Kingdom, US CONTENTS Introduction 5 Inspection 7 Review 9 Consultancy 11 Dynamic Analysis 13 Clients 15 Contacts 16 3 1 2 4 5 Cover Images
More informationFORT LAUDERDALE-HOLLYWOOD INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT DRAFT
D.3 RUNWAY LENGTH ANALYSIS Appendix D Purpose and Need THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK Appendix D Purpose and Need APPENDIX D.3 AIRFIELD GEOMETRIC REQUIREMENTS This information provided in this appendix
More informationState Fair Field Trip
State Fair Field Trip Each student must complete this and three of the other activities at the fair to receive credit. Student Name Teacher Key Questions - Quantitative As you ride to the fair grounds
More informationAsia Pacific Regional Aviation Safety Team
International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) Regional Aviation Safety Group (Asia & Pacific Regions) Asia Pacific Regional Aviation Safety Team GUIDANCE FOR AIR OPERATORS IN ESTABLISHING A FLIGHT SAFETY
More informationRegulation (EU) 965/2012 on air operations. and related EASA Decisions (AMC&GM and CS-FTL.1)
IR, AMC, GM and CS-FTL.1 Commission Regulation (EU) No 965/2012 on air operations and related EASA Decisions (AMC&GM and CS-FTL.1) Third Edition December 2015 SECTION 2 Human external cargo operations
More informationLESSON PLAN Introduction (3 minutes)
LESSON PLAN Introduction (3 minutes) ATTENTION: MOTIVATION: OVERVIEW: Relate aircraft accident in which a multi-engine airplane ran off the end of the runway. This could have been avoided by correctly
More informationMath in Motion Idlewild & SoakZone Copyright
STUDENT PACKET MATH IN MOTION Your visit to Idlewild & SoakZone is an opportunity to not only have fun, but learn about math and the use of technology throughout the park. Use our Outdoor Classroom to
More informationVAR-501-WECC-3 Power System Stabilizer. A. Introduction
A. Introduction 1. Title: Power System Stabilizer (PSS) 2. Number: VAR-501-WECC-3 3. Purpose: To ensure the Western Interconnection is operated in a coordinated manner under normal and abnormal conditions
More informationCASM electric cylinders The modular electric cylinder system
CASM electric cylinders The modular electric cylinder system CASM electric cylinders are ideally suited to performing fast and powerful linear movements. Unlike pneumatic or hydraulic cylinders, CASM electric
More informationUAS OPERATIONS AS AN ECOSYSTEM
1 including photocopying, recording, or other electronic or mechanical methods, without the prior written permission of the content owner, The Unmanned Safety Institute, LLC. UAS OPERATIONS AS AN ECOSYSTEM
More informationAirmen s Academic Examination
Airmen s Academic Examination E4 ualification Airline Transport Pilot (Airplane, rotorcraft and airship) No. of questions; time allowed 20 questions; 40 minutes Subject Civil Aeronautics Law (subject code:
More informationWaiver Safety Explanation Guidelines
Waiver Safety Explanation Guidelines When filling out the Waiver Safety Explanation field in the operational waiver application, applicants must: 1. Describe their proposed operation(s) 2. Describe the
More informationALLOMETRY: DETERMING IF DOLPHINS ARE SMARTER THAN HUMANS?
Biology 131 Laboratory Spring 2012 Name Lab Partners ALLOMETRY: DETERMING IF DOLPHINS ARE SMARTER THAN HUMANS? NOTE: Next week hand in this completed worksheet and the assignments as described. Objectives
More informationAdvanced Flight Control System Failure States Airworthiness Requirements and Verification
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Procedia Engineering 80 (2014 ) 431 436 3 rd International Symposium on Aircraft Airworthiness, ISAA 2013 Advanced Flight Control System Failure
More informationManitoba Technical-Vocational Curriculum Framework of Outcomes. Grades 9 to 11 Pilot Ground School 2018 Draft
Manitoba Technical-Vocational Curriculum Framework of Outcomes Grades 9 to 11 Pilot Ground School 2018 Draft Goal 1: Describe and apply appropriate health and safety practices. GLO 1.1: Describe and apply
More informationStandard Specification for Physical Information to be Provided for Amusement Rides and Devices
DEPARTMENT OF LABOR AND EMPLOYMENT Division of Oil and Public Safety AMUSEMENT RIDES AND DEVICES 7 CCR 1101-12 [Editor s Notes follow the text of the rules at the end of this CCR Document.] 1.0 General
More informationAIRWORTHINESS PROCEDURES MANUAL CHAPTER 26. Modifications and Repairs
November 2017 Page 1 of 10 CHAPTER 26 1. Introduction Modifications and Repairs 1.1 CAR M states that a person or organisation repairing an aircraft or component should assess the damage against published
More information