US NextGen / EU SESAR, the 13 th Labor of Hercules?

Transcription

1 US NextGen / EU SESAR, the 13 th Labor of Hercules? Capt Alban FRANÇOIS, MSc Belgian Defence Directorate General Material Resources alban.francois@mil.be

2 Summary Belgium & the Belgian Defence (BD) BD C130 fleet: Mission & Figures Introduction to US NextGen / EU SESAR BD modification policy Introduction to the BD C-130 Avionics BD C-130 capabilities and certification process Conclusion 2

3 Summary Belgium & the Belgian Defence (BD) BD C130 fleet: Mission & Figures Introduction to US NextGen / EU SESAR BD modification policy Introduction to the BD C-130 Avionics BD C-130 capabilities and certification process Conclusion 3

4 Belgium 4

5 BD s Current Operations Average C130 abroad per day , , , , ,6 5

6 Summary Belgium & the Belgian Defence (BD) BD C130 fleet: Mission & Figures Introduction to US NextGen / EU SESAR BD modification policy Introduction to the BD C-130 Avionics BD C-130 capabilities and certification process Conclusion 6

7 BD C130 Fleet 12 C-130H acquired in 1972/ A/C lost: 1996 (CH-06) : Eindhoven (Netherlands) 2006 (CH-02) : DLM Facilities (SNT, Brussels) 1 former USAF C-130E acquired in 2007 Upgrade and major overhaul performed Delivered by Sabena Technics on Mar 06 th

8 BD C130 Mission Statement To assure permanently the simultaneous use of C- 130 s at MOB, two DOB s for prolonged periods & a third DOB for a short period Ability to conduct Combined Joint airlift Ops in a multinational or allied coalition environment Ability to deploy 8 C-130 s at once Ability to perform a variety of operations e.g. Engine Running Offload, Aerial delivery, 8

9 BD C130 Fleet in Figures (Situation mid Sep 11) Accumulated Fl Hrs Avg : Hrs Total : Hrs Accumulated landings Avg excl CH-13 : CH-13: estimated at (history incomplete) Average severity factor: 1,13 (CH-13: 1,9) Average Equivalent Baseline Hours: Hrs 9

10 Summary Belgium & the Belgian Defence (BD) BD C130 fleet: Mission & Figures Introduction to US NextGen / EU SESAR BD modification policy Introduction to the BD C-130 Avionics BD C-130 capabilities and certification process Conclusion 10

11 Introduction to US NextGen Observation of the FAA: The congestion of the air transportation system in the US will increase and, if unaddressed, would cost the American economy $22 billion annually in lost of economic activity by Solution: The Next Generation Air Transportation System Source and additional information: 11

12 Introduction to US NextGen Scope (in addition to existing RNAV/RNP requirements): Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast (ADS-B) System Wide Information Management (SWIM) Next Gen Data Communications: Controller-Pilot Datalink Communication (CPDLC) Next Gen Network Enabled Weather (NNEW) NAS voice switch (NVS) 12

13 Introduction to US NextGen ADS-B Source: FAA 14

14 Introduction to US NextGen Source: FAA 15

15 Introduction to EU SESAR Context: Europe does not have a single sky (managed at the European level). European airspace is among the busiest in the world with over 33,000 flights on busy days and high airport density. In order to cope this fragmentation and modernize the architecture of the European ATM, the European Commission launched in 2004 the Single European Sky ATM Research (SESAR) 16

16 Introduction to EU SESAR SESAR is a collaborative project over 30 years and structured in three phases: a Definition phase ( ) led by EuroControl (with consortium of stakeholders) objective: delivery of an ATM master plan a Development phase ( ) managed by SESAR Joint Undertaking production of the new technological systems per the ATM master plan a Deployment phase ( ) for large-scale implementation of the new ATM infrastructure. 17

17 Introduction to EU SESAR Source and additional information: htm and

18 Introduction to EU SESAR and comparison with US NextGen US NextGen Required Navigation Performance (RNP) Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast ADS-B System Wide Information Management (SWIM) Next Gen Data Communications (CPDLC) Next Gen Network Enabled Weather (NNEW) NAS voice switch (NVS) 19

19 Introduction to EU SESAR 20

20 Summary Belgium & the Belgian Defence (BD) BD C130 fleet: Mission & Figures Introduction to US NextGen / EU SESAR Required Navigation Performance Controller-Pilot Datalink Communication Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast BD modification policy Introduction to the BD C-130 Avionics BD C-130 capabilities and certification process 21

21 Required Navigation Performance Objective ATC bust Source: JetBlue 22

22 Required Navigation Performance Definitions Required Navigation Performance (RNP): Certification RNP Autorisation requirements Required APCH (RNP Area Navigation (RNAV): AR) Navigation Allows an aircraft accuracy to (as fly RNAV) to desired level a (e.g. specific 0.3) path between two Containment are characterized points defined integrity by 3- less than 10-5 / FH dimensionally Containment continuity (lat lon less than 10-4/FH. altitude) Curved flight path (RF-leg) in final (after FAF) System Availability Receiver Autonomous Integrity No need Monitoring anymore to (RAIM) fly directly without over any groundbased Certification additional buffer. are characterized NAVAIDS of aircraft per AMC by Navigation Precision 0.3Nm Fundamental in approach & 1Nm Missed approach requirement Certification is of the aircraft per AMC navigation accuracy RNP approaches (RNP APCH) : Conventional routes are defined by ground-based (P-RNAV): NAVAIDS (VOR, TACAN, ADF, ) Navigation Precision until 0.1Nm approach phase Protections areas laterally limited to 2xRNP value Precision Area Navigation Navigation accuracy = 1Nm for 95% of time Certification per JAA TGL 10 (Airworthiness & Operational approval for P-RNAV) 23

23 RNAV SPECIFICATION Required Navigation Performance RNAV vs RNP ICAO Doc 9613 PBN Manual RNP SPECIFICATION RNAV 5 Improved density NM route spacing Enroute 5NM AMC20-4 AC 90-96A GNSS No Alert 95% Cont RADAR RNAV 1/2 Improved TMA airspace utilisation & flow TMA/Enroute 1NM TGL 10 AC 90-96A GNSS No Alert 95% Cont RADAR RNAV 10 Improved Ops & benefits w/ 50 NM route separartion Oceanic 10NM AC A N A IRU, GNSS No Alert 95% Cont Procedural RVSM Was P-RNAV & RVSM US RNAV Was B-RNAV Was RNP 10 VNAV option RNP 4 RNP 2 A-RNP B RNP 1 RNP 0.3 RNP APCH RNP AR Greater Flex w/ 30/30 NM separation Remote 4NM N GNSS RNP Alert 95% Cont ADS RVSM No FRT Improved domestic remote ops:/flow Enroute/ Remote 2NM GNSS Perf alert 95% Cont No/Ltd surveillance VNAV option Improved enroute ops:/flow Enroute/ TMA 0.3-2NM AC20-130A AC pending AC pending GNSS RNP alert 95% Cont Surveillance VNAV, RF FRT option Improved enroute transition ops/flow & access Enroute/ TMA 1 NM AC pending GNSS RNP alert 95% Cont No/Ltd surveillance VNAV, option No RF Improved rotorcraft ops Enroute/ TMA 0.3 NM AC pending GNSS/WAAS Perf alert Surveillance VNAV, option RF option Improved efficiency, access and airspace use Approach 0.3-1NM AMC GNSS Perf alert 95% RAIM VNAV, option No RF Improved efficiency, access and airspace use Appr/Dep 0.1-1NM AMC AC A GNSS/IRU RNP alert 95% RAIM VEB VNAV RF 25

24 Required Navigation Performance Benefits Ground systems dependent Constant Descend Angle = efficient fuel consumption = noise reduction Lower minima s 26

25 Required Navigation Benefits Globally: Manage the limited sky more wisely, i.e. Increased safety (confidence in accuracy of position) Shorter routes reduced time Constant descent angle = C te power settings noise reduction Environment: less fuel consumption (and CO 2 emission) Increased capacity Performance JFK Visual/VOR vs. RNP JFK Descent Profile View 27

26 Required Navigation Performance Benefits Military spin-offs: Accuracy and RAIM: Controlled Flight into Terrain Concealment in valley (even in IMC and NVG conditions) IMC airdrops Increased capacity: design of multiple autonomous FMS approaches and departures pseudorandom landings and take-off 28

27 Summary Belgium & the Belgian Defence (BD) BD C130 fleet: Mission & Figures Introduction to US NextGen / EU SESAR Required Navigation Performance Controller-Pilot Datalink Communication Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast BD modification policy Introduction to the BD C-130 Avionics BD C-130 capabilities and certification process 29

28 Controller-Pilot Datalink Communication (CPDLC) Background: number of flights pilots on same freq risk of override saturation of frequency Misunderstanding of voice communication Solution: CPLDC Scope: ATC communication through ACARS 30

29 Summary Belgium & the Belgian Defence (BD) BD C130 fleet: Mission & Figures Introduction to US NextGen / EU SESAR Required Navigation Performance Controller-Pilot Datalink Communication Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast BD modification policy Introduction to the BD C-130 Avionics BD C-130 capabilities and certification process 31

30 Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast (ADS-B) Scope: Pilots and ATC see the whole real-time display of air traffic based on GPS-position sent through aircraft transponders. Civilian Link-16 equivalent Situational Awareness & safety enhancer 32

31 Summary Belgium & the Belgian Defence (BD) BD C130 fleet: Mission & Figures Introduction to US NextGen / EU SESAR BD modification policy Introduction to the BD C-130 Avionics BD C-130 capabilities and certification process Conclusion 33

32 BD Modification Policy Reason for modification: Mission statement and operational need Technico-logistical need (obsolescence) Evolution of the CNS/ATM regulations Principles Choice of implementation based on trade-off between operational benefit and cost Follow as much as possible civilian (EASA, FAA) and military (NATO) regulations COTS > MOTS > BD Specific Certification based on civilian requirements 34

33 Summary Belgium & the Belgian Defence (BD) BD C130 fleet: Mission & Figures Introduction to US NextGen / EU SESAR BD modification policy Introduction to the BD C-130 Avionics BD C-130 capabilities and certification process Conclusion 35

34 Introduction to the BD C-130 Avionics 1996: Integration of Honeywell's Integrated Vehicle Mission Management System (IVMMS) Integrated: single control & display Pilot Control Display Unit Electronic Flight Instrument System System Processor 1 Flight Management System Automatic Flight Control System Navigation Database Navigation sensors 1 GPS 1 INS 2 VOR 2 TACAN 2 ADF 2 AHRS 2 ADSU Communication Management 2 HF 2 VHF-UHF 1 UHF Copilot Control Display Unit Electronic Flight Instrument System System Processor 2 Surveillance Mil Ops 1 Weather Radar 1 Radar-Altimeter 2 IFF Electronic Warfare VUHF - DF 1 AAR-44 1 ALE-40 36

35 Introduction to the BD C-130 Avionics Pilot Major avionics evolutions post-ivmms Integrated: single control & display Control Display Unit Electronic Flight Instrument System + Engine Instrument Display System (EIDS) System Processor 1 Flight Management System Automatic Flight Control System Navigation Database Navigation sensors + ESI 1 GPS 1 INS 2 VOR 2 TACAN 2 ADF 2 AHRS 2 ADSU Software Evolutions Communication Management 2 HF 2 VHF-UHF 1 UHF + ACARS SATCOM Copilot Control Display Unit Electronic Flight Instrument System System Processor 2 Surveillance Mil Ops 1 Weather Radar 1 Radar-Altimeter 2 IFF Electronic Warfare VUHF - DF + FDR CVR TCAS 1 AAR-44 1 ACMDS ALE-40 + RWR 37

36 Introduction to the BD C-130 Avionics Observation in 2003: CDU s are obsoletes since 2000 SP CPU & compiler are no longer supported and lack of computing power (ADA) to sustain needed S/W evolutions Navigation subsystem is not compliant anymore with regulations (P-RNAV) Requirements for IVMMS Maintenance Plan (IMP) General: Need to support BD C-130 operations up to 2020 according to the existing mission statement

37 Introduction to the BD C-130 Avionics Requirements for IVMMS Maintenance Plan (IMP) General: Need to support BD C-130 operations up to 2020 according to the existing mission statement CDU MCDU Scope: New I/O CCA New CPU CCA System Processor Production Line FMS Software Integration of ACARS EIDS IFF 1 GPS 1 INU 2 EGI + EGPWS MFRD 39

38 BD C-130 Cockpit Evolutions A/P - F/D Ctls PFI - EFIS St-by Fl Instr. Comms & TAC TCAS EW 40

39 IVMMS Maintenance Plan Program Organization Belgian Defence Purchase B-kits Aircraft S/W Development Integration Honeywell Sabena Technics Mission Sp Tool MCDU FDAU retrofit Engineering Doc update Tybrin Barco Meggitt Sogerma Derco Lockheed Martin Adaptive Aerospace 41

40 Summary Belgium & the Belgian Defence (BD) BD C130 fleet: Mission & Figures Introduction to US NextGen / EU SESAR BD modification policy Introduction to the BD C-130 Avionics BD C-130 capabilities and certification process Conclusion 42

41 BD C-130 Capabilities & Certification Process Required Navigation Performance RNP APCH or RNP AR? BD C-130 IMP can (nearly) handle all functionalities required by RNP AR RNP APCH < RNP AR RNP AR is a 1 time bigger effort for certification but enables all functionalities (benefit vs cost) Secundary Area Primary Area Secundary Area RNP AR 0,3 NM Containment Limit 0,3 NM 0,3 NM 0,3 NM 0,3 NM CentreLine RNP Limit RNP Limit 0,5 NM Containment Limit 43

42 BD C-130 Capabilities & Certification Process Required Navigation Performance Certification AMC Certification of aircraft: Accuracy / Integrity / Continuity / Availability Functional criteria's Adaptation of procedures Crew Training Approach failures follow-up procedure Navigation Database validation process Need support of OEM Failure to meet specific functional criteria can be mitigated through adaptation of procedures DGPS-flight & Need Marshall Flight Aerospace Operational Safety Assesment 29 Apr 2010 (FOSA) Certification in finalization for BD C-130 IMP 44

43 BD C-130 Capabilities & Certification Process CPDLC Requirement for State aircraft: Only for transport type aircraft flying in IFR/GAT above FL285 Applies only to new aircraft entering into service after 01 Jan 2014 Not mandatory on C-130 BD maintenance policy: implementation only if cost beneficial. With the integration of the ACARS onto the IVMMS within IMP, the BD C-130 should be CPDLC compliant 45

44 Certification BD C-130 Capabilities & Certification Process Test flight performed with CH-09 on 10 Feb 2011 Successful logged on to the Maastricht-UAC CPDLC infrastructure, when still being on the apron. During the flight, uplink clearances and downlink requests were successfully exchanged between the crew and ATCO's at Maastricht involving both the Hannover and DECO Sectors Groups. Eurocontrol: CPDLC 46

45 CPDLC & ADS-B CPDLC Certification (cont d) Begin May 2011: Trans-oceanic flight with CH-09: Gander: Shanwick: issues with SITA The Belgian Air Force is the first Air Force being CPDLC equipped at Maastricht-UAC ADS-B BD C-130 Capabilities & Certification Process BD C-130 IMP will be ADS-B Out capable after installation of APX-119 ADS-B In capacity still to be determined 47

46 Summary Belgium & the Belgian Defence (BD) BD C130 fleet: Mission & Figures Introduction to US NextGen / EU SESAR BD modification policy Introduction to the BD C-130 Avionics BD C-130 capabilities and certification process Conclusion 48

47 Conclusions Aging Fleet (40 years old) but state of the art Avionics conform civilian and military regulations Installation of new functionality is trade-off between operational benefit and cost Example for RNP: choice between certification investment (material was already available (P-RNAV requirement for IMP)) see and avoid operations in mountainous area s (as Kabul) in Night IMC conditions BD C130 Fleet fits the operational needs 49

48 Conclusion Hercules Labors To kill the Nemean lion To destroy the Lernaean Hydra To capture Ceryneian Hind alive To trap the Erymanthian boar To clean the Augean stables To get rid of the Stymphalian birds To capture the Cretan bull To round up the Mares of Diomedes To fetch Hippolyte's girdle, or belt To fetch the cattle of Geryon To fetch the golden apples of the Hesperides To bring Cerberus from Tartarus To fly in the US Next Gen and Single EU Sky: with RNP AR capability, with CPDLC and with ADS-Out (and In). 50

49 Q & A Belgian Defence C130 Operated and Maintained With Tenacity 51