What s new in aviation safety culture. Barry Kirwan, EUROCONTROL

Transcription

1 What s new in aviation safety culture Barry Kirwan, EUROCONTROL

2 OVERVIEW A short history of aviation safety culture Two recent pilot surveys The safety culture stack Lessons for nuclear? 2

3 A short history of safety culture The EUROCONTROL perspective Chernobyl nuclear accident Mid-air collision over Uberlingen EUROCONTROL safety culture programme for air traffic services Safety culture survey with 7000 pilots 3

4 Safety Culture the view from the air Do I speak up when I think safety might be compromised? Do I follow the safety rules when no one is looking? If everyone else is breaking the rules, what do I do? Can I speak to my boss about safety? When there s real pressure to do something, but safety might be at risk, what do I do? 4

5 How does it work? What does it look like?

6 Section C 21 operational questions 6 16/11/2017

7 Questionnaire Data (Example) People who report safety related occurrences are treated in a just and fair manner(b12) 18% 33% 49% A staff member who was being prosecuted for an incident involving a genuine error or mistake would be supported by the management of this organization(c9) 36% 39% 25% A staff member who regularly took unacceptable risks would be disciplined or corrected at this organization(c18) 13% 30% 57% 7 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% Unfavourable Neutral Favourable

8 Staffing & Equipment Colleague Commitment to Safety RESPONSIBILITY INVOLVEMENT Management Commitment to Safety MANAGEMENT COMMITMENT Procedures & Training RESOURCING JUST CULTURE, REPORTING & LEARNING Just culture, Reporting & Investigation Unfavourable Neutral Favourable Communication COMMUNICATION RISK AWARENESS Risk handling TEAMWORK Collaboration 8

9 Overall set-up General health check (March April) Diagnosis (May-June) Action planning (Sept) SAFETY FUTURE SKY 16 November,

10 Questionnaire results showing improvement over time (Questionnaire given twice) 4

11 European Safety Culture Programme Key 2+ EUROCONTROL SC Surveys 1 EUROCONTROL SC Survey Alternative SC Surveys Unknown

12 Safety Culture in Future Sky Safety ( ) Major survey with European pilots: 7200 replies Survey with Airbus Design and Boeing Europe Surveys with easyjet and Luton Airport Survey with KLM in 2017 Luton Safety Stack in 2017 SAFETY FUTURE SKY 16 November,

13 Safety Culture in Future Sky Safety ( ) Major survey with European pilots: 7200 replies Survey with Airbus Design and Boeing Europe Surveys with easyjet and Luton Airport Survey with KLM for 2017 Luton Safety Stack in 2017 SAFETY FUTURE SKY 16 November,

14 Responses by Company Type 2% 1%2% 6% Aereal work/ambulance/surveillance Business 7% Cargo 2% 1% Charter/leisure General Aviation 55% 24% Helicopter Low cost Network Other (Please state)

15 Responses by Country Base 11% 2%2% 3%2% Austria Belgium 8% 8% Denmark Finland France Germany 6% Iceland Ireland Italy 8% 23% Luxembourg Netherlands 3% 4% 9% 3% 4% 1% 3% Norway Portugal Spain Sweden Switzerland United Kingdom (Nb. Excludes those that make up >1% of sample; Nationality very similar make-up)

16 Responses by Contract Type 11.14% Typical contract Atypical contract Other 88.47% Typical contract = Permanent contract Atypical contract = Self-employed; Zero-hours, fixed-term, pay-to-fly contracts

17 Overall Results Perceived Organisational Support Speaking up Fatigue Management commitment to safety Collaboration and Involvement Just Culture and Reporting Communication and Learning Staff and equipment Colleague commitment to safety Procedures & Training Risk Handling Overall M = 3.49 Mean

18 By company type

19 Company Type Sig. diffs (p<.001) by company type for 10 dimensions Pattern - lower safety culture ratings amongst pilots at Low Cost & Cargo airlines than other airline types (esp. Network airlines) Business/VIP/State Other (Please state) Network Low cost Charter/leisure Business/VIP/State General Aviation Network Low cost Charter/leisure General Aviation Helicopter Cargo Aerial work/ambulance/sur veillance Helicopter Aerial work/ambulance/sur veillance Cargo Just Culture & Reporting Fatigue (NB. Many mean differences have low effect sizes)

20 Press coverage of survey (Dec 2016) Press focused on the negative aspects such as Fatigue and atypical contracts safety culture. Economist was the most balanced article (8 th December)

21 Company variations (NB. Company ID varied per graph) SAFETY FUTURE SKY 16 November,

22 Survey Conclusions Overall, the average safety culture is good. This was not a grievance survey. However, standard deviations were high The most worrying result is fatigue. Pilots are concerned it is affecting their performance, and >50% feel their companies do not take the fatigue issue seriously Those pilots on unsecure contracts, Cargo and Low Cost airlines generally had poorer safety culture The EC, regulators, airlines and pilot associations need to consider the results and determine ways forward Colleague commitment to safety (4.06) Speaking up (3.85) Risk Handling (3.77) Procedures & Training (3.73) Just culture and Reporting (3.71) Communication and Learning (3.71) Collaboration and Involvement (3.60) Management commitment to safety (3.44) Staff and equipment (3.44) Fatigue (2.82) Perceived Organisational Support (2.65). SAFETY FUTURE SKY 16 November,

23 16 November,

24 Airline Surveys e.g. easyjet (2016) 24

25 Something New in Safety Culture

26 ATM AIRPORTS AIRLINES SAFETY CULTURE STACK MANUFACTURERS 26

27 The Luton Airport Safety Stack 27

28 12 organisations now working together on improving safety culture 28

29 16 November,

30 Wizz SAG LRST GA Forum SAT SST RGB LRGC LRGC ARMG FLOPC ASC ATSM EPG CCS Luton Safety Stack

31 Development of a LTN Safety Stack Dashboard 16 November,

32 16 November,

33 Food for thought for the nuclear side Nuclear is where safety culture came of age Aviation safety culture has some new angles Safety Stack is inter-organisational, spreading safety culture across traditional boundaries safer through sharing Safety dashboard will be available as an APP on a phone making it live, every day, reaching all levels 16 November,

34 Thanks for your attention