RESEARCH ARTICLE. Twenty-six New Species of Grasshoppers from the Southern African Arid Zone (Orthoptera: Acridoidea:Lentulidae)

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1 TRANSACTIONS AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY RESEARCH ARTICLE TAES 140: ISSO Twenty-six New Species of Grasshoppers from the Southern African Arid Zone (Orthoptera: Acridoidea:Lentulidae) Daniel Otte Academy of Natural Sciences of Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, ABSTRACT The genera Eneremius SAUSSURE, Lithidium UVAROV and Lithidiopsis DIRSH are revised. Lithidium becomes a junior synonym of Eneremius. Eneremius includes seven species previously described (some under Lithidium) and 12 new species. Lithidiopsis includes two previously described species (one under Lithidium) and two new species. A new genus Tsautettix, in the the Lentulidae, is erected to include one species previously placed under Eneremius (namaquensis BROWN), and ten new species. The new genus Tanquata, also in the Lentulidae, is erected to include two new species from Tanqua Karoo. INTRODUCTION The African arid zone is home to a number of grasshopper groups that have come to resemble sand, small rocks and pebbles. Evolution of this mode of crypsis has occurred independently in several groups: In the Pamphagidae it is expressed well in the genera Glauia Bolivar, Glauvarovia Morales Agacino (both from North Africa). In the Lathiceridae it is seen in the genera Batrachidacris (Uvarov), Crypsiceracris Miller, Lathicerus Saussure, and Crypsicerus Saussure (all from the Southwestern African deserts). In the Pyrgomorphidae it is seen in the genera Chrotogonus Serville, Shoacris Kevan, Caconda I. Bolivar, and Stibarosterna Uvarov (widespread in Africa). In the Dericorythinae (Acrididae) it is pronounced in Bolivaremia Morales Agacino (from north Africa). Finally, some of the finest examples of pebble and sand-mimicky are to found in the family Lithidiidae; four genera are currently placed into this family: Lithidium Uvarov, Lithidiopsis Dirsh, Eneremius Saussure and Microtmethis Karny (all from the Karroo, Kalahari and Namibia deserts). In this paper I have revised the latter four genera, and I have described two new arid zone grasshopper genera: Tsautettix and Tanquata. The genus Lithidium Uvarov is here synonymized under Eneremius Saussure. Five species previously under Lithidium are placed under Eneremius to join mutus Saussure (namely: rugulosus Dirsh, desertorum Brown, punctifrons Brown, pusillum Uvarov, rubripes Uvarov). One species, bushmanicum Dirsh, is moved to Lithidiopsis. The genus Lithidiopsis is now composed of four species: carinatus Dirsh (the type species); bushmanicum Dirsh is moved here from Lithidium; and two new species are described: andanupa and karasense. The genus Eneremius Saussure, prior to this paper, consisted of five species: the type species mutus Saussure, mendax Karny, pallidus Dirsh, carinatus Dirsh (here placed under Lithidiopsis); and namaquensis Dirsh (here placed under the new genus Tsautettix). Twelve new species are added to Eneremius (see list below). A new genus Tsautettix is erected to include the previus Eneremius namaquensis Dirsh, and eleven new species. These species live on desert shrubs and are not closely related to either Lithidiopsis and Eneremius. A new genus Tanquata from Tanqua Karoo is erected to included two new species: dabadum and kaiba. The relationships among all of these desert grasshoppers is problemmatical. It appears that Eneremius, Lithidiopsis, and Microtmethis are not closely related on the basis of genitalic morphology. Eneremius may be the only member of the Lithidiidae. Lithidiopsis appears to be a member of the Lentulidae, not distantly related from Leatettix. Microtmethis, the only member with forewings, may be wholly unrelated to either Eneremius or Lithidiopsis. One of the new genera, Tsautettix appears to live mainly on small desert shrubs and is clearly a member of the Lentulidae. The other genus, Tanquata, lives on the desert floor where it resembles small pebbles. It also appears to be a member of the Lentulidae. Publication date: 30 Dec 2014 urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:9be167a1-b8ac dbc-8bf6d58addaa

2 294 NEW SOUTHERN AFRICAN GRASSHOPPERS LIST OF SPECIES ENEREMIUS Saussure (synonym: LITHIDIUM Uvarov) 1. Eneremius mutus Saussure 2. Eneremius rugulosus (Dirsh) new combination from Lithidiopsis 3. Enerembius mendax Karny 4. Eneremius tsunis, new species 5. Eneremius gowaba, new species 6. Eneremius desertorum (Brown) new combination from Lithidium 7. Eneremius guruba, new species 8. Eneremius gibeoni, new species 9. Eneremius kuru, new species 10. Eneremius hotsasi, new species 11. Eneremius keetmansi, new species 12. Enerebius komuanabi, new species 13. Eneremius gamsa, new species 14. Eneremius punctifrons (Brown) new combination from Lithidium 15. Eneremius pusillum (Uvarov) new combination from Lithidium 16. Eneremius gamirosa new species 17. Eneremius rubripes (Uvarov) new combination from Lithidium 18. Eneremius haackei, new species 19. Eneremius sesriemense, new species LITHIDIOPSIS Dirsh 1. Lithidiopsis carinatus (Dirsh) 2. Lithidiopsis bushmanicum (Dirsh) new combination moved from Lithidium 3. Lithidiopsis andanupa, new species 4. Lithidiopsis karasense, new species TSAUTETTIX, new genus 1. Tsautettix namaquensis (Dirsh) new combination moved from Eneremius 2. Tsautettix cheya, new species 3. Tsautettix gariesa, new species 4. Tsautettix komaggas, new species 5. Tsautettix goregu, new species 6. Tsautettix kuboosi, new species 7. Tsautettix tsesa, new species 8. Tsautettix numee, new species 9. Tsautettix gareba, new species 10. Tsautettix sau, new species 11. Tsautettix daba, new species MICROTMETHIS Karny Microtmethis kuthyi Karny TANQUATA, new genus 1. Tanquata dabadum, new species 2. Tanquata kaiba, new species DEPOSITION OF SPECIMENS All specimens, including types and paratypes, are deposited in the South African National Collection of Insects, Biosystematics Division, ARC - Plant Protection Institute, Pretoria, South Africa (SANC). All borrowed specimens were given a unique number which is affixed to the specimens bi stands for Biodiversity Institute. TREATMENT OF GENERA AND SPECIES ENEREMIUS Saussure Eneremius Saussure, Mem. Soc. Phys. Hist. Nat. Geneve 30(1):124. Type species: Eneremius mutus Saussure Lithidium Uvarov, Ann. Natal Mus. 5(2):177. Type species: Lithidium pusillum Uvarov. New Synonym, based on the fact that pusillum belongs in the same genus as mutus. We examined the type species of Eneremius (mutus Saussure) and determined that all species previously placed under Lithidium belong in the same genus as this species. Specifically the type of Lithidium (pusillum Uvarov) clearly belongs in the same genus with mutus. Habitat. All the members of this genus inhabit stony and sandy ground bearing little vegetation. They seek vegetation by their morphology (resembling small pebbles) and by their behavior (remaining very quiet until disturbed). Some of the species, namely tsunis and gowaba possess very large eyes which appear to aid them should they bury themselves in the sand for refuge at night. Recognition. The members of this genus are placed into a single genus principally on the morphology of the male genitalia. All of them have short wide frontal ridges which scarcely extend beyond the eyes or not at all. All of them have a set of ridges on the pronotum, meso- and metathorax and on the abdomen, usually arranged in two lateral

3 DANIEL OTTE 295 and one median line. There is no trace of wings and no indication of hearing organs. The body is generally dorso-ventrally depressed. The legs are all short and thick. They have very tiny cerci which are barely visible. The hind tibia bear 5 or 6 subapical spines. Eneremius mutus Saussure Figs 1, 2A Eneremius mutus Saussure, Mem. Soc. Phys. Hist. Nat. Geneve 30(1):16. Holotype female. Namibia, Angra Pequena [Lüderitz] (Deposited in MHNG Geneva Museum). Eneremius mutus. Hollier Revue Suisse de Zool. 119(3):322. female type specimen >> Eneremius mutus Excellent photographs of the female type of Eneremius mutus were provided by the Geneva Museum. These indicate that the type species of Lithidium (pusillum Uvarov) belongs in Eneremius. Eneremius rugulosus (Dirsh) n. comb. Fig. 1 Lithidiopsis rugulosus Dirsh, In Hanstrom, Brinck & Rudebeck. South African Animal Life; Results of the Lund University Expedition in : Holotype female. Namibia, Namib, 15 m. S. Anabib (Deposited in MZLU Lund). New Combination, here designated. I did not examine the type female of rugulosus. The species is described from far outside the range of Lithidiopsis and within the range of Eneremius. For this reason I think it is almost certain to belong to Eneremius. Enerembius mendax Karny Fig. 1 Enerembius mendax Karny In Schultze, L. Zoologische und anthropologische Ergebnisse einer Forschungsreise im westlichen und zentralen Südafrika ausgefürhrt in den Jahren Denkschr. med. naturwiss. Ges. Jena 4:77. Lectotype female. Namibia, Warmbad (Deposited in MfN). I did not examine the type of this species, a female. It comes from well within the range of the genus. Eneremius desertorum (Brown) new comb. Lithidium desertorum Brown, J. Entomol. Soc. S. Afr. 25(1):5. Holotype male. Namibia, Namib Game Reserve No.3, 18 m. N.E. Gorab Mine (Deposited in TMSA Pretoria Gauteng, South Africa). Recognition. Figs 2, 6, 9, 15. Differs from browni in having eyes not so closely spaced and in having black knees. Color more or less uniform pale sand colored. Antennae: short about twice as long as eye, slightly clubbed at end. Head: frons wide, not extending beyond eyes; frontal ridge moderately wide; fastigium very small; occiput normal cheeks smooth. Pronotum: disk slightly wider than long; lateral lobes nearlyuniform in color, with lower marging slanting strongly downwards. Legs-1 and -2 with thick femora. Legs-3: femur wide and short; knees black; tibiae pale slightly greenish; tarsus pale. Abdomen: blackish at anterior end, otherwise pale, upturned at end. Cerci very small. Measurements (mm). Males: BL 8-8.5; F3L Females: BL 12; F3L 7. bi20 Namibia (SWA); 18 mi NE Gorab, Kuiseb River 11 May 1959, Brown. bi21 Namibia (SWA); Kuiseb River 18 May 1959, Brown. bi22 Namibia (SWA); Hotsas bore hole, Game Reserve No April 1966, Brown. bi23 Namibia (SWA); Kuiseb River 12 May 1959, Brown. bi36 Namibia (SWA); Ganab bore hole, Game Reserve No April 1966, Brown. bi38 Namibia (SWA); Ganab bore hole, Game Reserve No April 1966, Brown. bi40 Namibia (SWA); Ganab bore hole, Game Reserve No April 1966, Brown Eneremius gowaba new species urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:6c23c18a-86b8-472d-a08f- 20AC06F4626A Type. Holotype male. bi38 Namibia (SWA) Ganab bore hole, Game Reserve No April 1966 (H. D. Brown) (SANC). Recognition. Figs 2, 6, 9, 15. Differs from browni in having eyes not so closely spaced. Color

4 296 NEW SOUTHERN AFRICAN GRASSHOPPERS more or less uniform pale sand colored. Antennae: short about twice as long as eye, slightly clubbed at end. Head: frons narrow, not extending beyond eyes; frontal ridge moderately wide; fastigium very small; occiput normal cheeks smooth. Pronotum: disk slightly wider than long; lateral lobes nearlyuniform in color, with lower marging slanting strongly downwards. Legs-1 and -2 with thick femora. Legs-3: femur wide and short; knees black; tibiae pale slightly greenish; tarsus pale. Abdomen: blackish at anterior end, otherwise pale, upturned at end. Cerci very small. Measurements (mm). Males: BL ; F3L 7-9. Females: BL 10; F3L 6. bi36 Namibia (SWA) Ganab bore hole, Game Reserve No April 1966, Brown; bi38 Namibia (SWA) Ganab bore hole, Game Reserve No April 1966, Brown; bi40 Namibia (SWA) Ganab bore hole, Game Reserve No April 1966, Brown Eneremius tsunis new species urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:2f259c6e-3c35-4aac B9B8D44402F2 Type. Holotype male. bi26 Namibia (SWA); 85 mi N of Namibia Swakopmund, March 1963 (DS Hardy) (SANC). Recognition. Figs 2, 6, 10, 15. Color more or less uniform pale sand colored. Antennae: short about twice as long as eye, slightly clubbed at end. Head: frons very narrow, without a fastigium; frontal ridge extremely narrow; fastigium very small; occiput small, narrow mostly occupied by eyes; eyes huge; cheeks smooth. Pronotum: disk much wider than long; lateral lobes uniform in color, with lower marging slanting strongly downwards. Legs-1 and -2 with thick femore. Legs-3: femur wide and short; knees pale; tibiae pale slightly greenish; tarsus pale. Abdomen: pale, upturned at end. Cerci very small. Measurements (mm). Males: BL 7; F3L 5. Females: BL 8-9; F3L bi24 Namibia (SWA); Rooibank 20 m SE of Walvis Bay 26 Apr 1969, Brown. bi25 Namibia (SWA); 85 mi N of Namibia Swakopmund, March 1963, DS Hardy. bi26 Namibia (SWA); 85 mi N of Namibia Swakopmund, March 1963, DS Hardy. bi27 Namibia (SWA); Namib Park Namibia Swartbank Weather Station 19 Sep 1975, WD Haacke. bi28 Namibia (SWA); 85 mi N of Namibia Swakopmund, March 1963, DS Hardy. bi29 Namibia (SWA); 85 mi N of Namibia Swakopmund, March 1963, DS Hardy. bi30 Namibia (SWA); Namib Park Namibia Swartbank Weather Station 19 Sep 1975, WD Haacke Eneremius guruba new species urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:6a6c64e7-701f-4522-b94a- B96650C3B0A2 Type. Holotype male. bi44 South Africa, Cape Province; 10 mi NE of Bladgrond, Bushmanland, 8 Dec 1962 (Brown and Furst) (SANC). Recognition. Figs 2B, 13, 14. Antennae: about twice as long as eyes. Head: frons very wide, not extending beyond eyes; frontal ridge wide; fastigium flat and wide; occiput short, smooth; eye height slightly greater than distance from eyes to mandibles; cheeks pale. Pronotum: disk much wider than long; lateral lobes with undulating rear margin, a rearward slanding lower margin and black marks along front and posterior margins. Legs-1 and -2: tibiae with two dark rings. Legs-3: femur-3 pale, with a narrow dark ring before the knees; knees entirely pale; tibia pale, slightly greenish; tarsus slightly orange. Abdomen: entirely pale. Cerci very small, almost invisible. Measurements (mm). Males: BL 9; F3L 5.5. bi44 South Africa, Cape Province; 10 mi NE of Bladgrond, Bushmanland, 8 Dec 1962, Brown and Furst. Eneremius gibeoni new species urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:242c09ea-0d5c-4cb8-9ef7-88d54014f7fc Type. Holotype male. bi78 Namibia (SWA); 9 km E of Gibeon Station, 5 Mar 1972 (H. D. Brown) (SANC). Recognition. Figs 2, 8, 11, 16. Body entirely yellowish brown and covered with tubercles.

5 DANIEL OTTE 297 Antennae: narrow, not club-shaped. Head: frons wide, flush with eyes at front; frontal ridge moderately wide; fastigium wide; occiput with small ridges; cheeks rugose. Pronotum rugose; disk with crenulated posterior margin; lateral lobes unicolorous, rugose. Legs-1 and -2: tibiae more or less uniform in color. Legs-3: femur unicolorous; knees pale; tibia yellowish; tarsus yellowish. Abdomen: highly rugose, yellowish. Cerci very small. Measurements (mm). Males: BL ; F3L. Females: BL ; F3L. bi70 Namibia (SWA); 26 km SSW of Kalkrand, 4 Mar 1972, Brown, Wessels and Koster. bi78 Namibia (SWA); 9 km E of Gibeon Station, 5 Mar 1972, Brown Eneremius kuru new species urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:696ff547-d597-43a1-93ee CDCC55 Type. Holotype male. bi66 Namibia (SWA); Hardap Dam, Mariental, 5 Mar 1972 (Brown and Koster) (SANC). Recognition. Figs 2, 7, 10, 17. Body color darker brown, sometimes reddish. Head: frons nearly flush with eyes; frontal ridge narrow below fastigium; fastigium distinct, incaved; occiput with low ridges; cheeks with low ridges. Pronotum: disk very rough, median ridge cut by three sulci; lateral lobes with ridges. Legs-1 and -2 brown, tibiae with two feint bands. Legs-3: femur brown, mottled; knees dark in upper half; tibia reddish brown. Measurements (mm). Males: BL 8; F3L 5. bi66 Namibia (SWA); Hardap Dam, Mariental, 5 Mar 1972, Brown and Koster. bi67 Namibia (SWA); Hardap Dam, Mariental, 5 Mar 1972, Brown, Koster and Wessels Eneremius hotsasi new species urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:2f7b7740-c81d DC729724E0DC Recognition. Figs 2, 7, 11, 16. A very pale species well marked with bumps and ridges.head: frons flush with eyes; frontal ridge wide; fastigium with parallel margins; occiput more or less smooth; cheeks with very low ridges. Pronotum: disk with large bumps and ridges, median line not clearly cut by sulci; lateral lobes inform pale. Legs-1 and -2: tibiae with slight rings. Legs-3: femur with two faint dark bands; knees pale brown; tibia pale slightly green; tarsus pale. Abdomen: with distinct ridges. Cerci very small. Measurements (mm). Males: BL 10; F3L 7. bi93 Namibia (SWA); Hotsas bore hole, Game Reserve No April 1966, Brown. bi100 Namibia (SWA); Hotsas bore hole, Game Reserve No April 1966, Brown Eneremius keetmansi new species urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:1849e7a3-dbfb-4a57-a df344e74 Type. Holotype male. bi77 Namibia (SWA); 40 km N of Keetmanshoop, 12 Mar 1972 (Brown, Koster and Wessels) (SANC). Recognition. Figs 2, 7, 11, 16. Body color reddish brown, without distinct dark markings. Head: frons extending beyond the eyes; frontal ridge wide; cheeks. Pronotum: disk with distinct ridges; lateral lobes with low bumps. Legs-1 and -2 borwn. Legs-3: femur with two two bands on top; knees brown; tibia bluish; tarsus brown. Abdomen: with ridges. Cerci very small. Measurements (mm). Males: BL 8.5; F3L 5.5. Females: BL 12; F3L 7. bi13 Namibia (SWA); Fish River Canyon, Keetmanshoop District 10 March 1969, Brown. bi76 Namibia (SWA); 40 km N of Keetmanshoop, 12 Mar 1972, Brown, Koster and Wessels. bi77 Namibia (SWA); 40 km N of Keetmanshoop, 12 Mar 1972, Brown, Koster and Wessels Type. Holotype male. bi100 Namibia (SWA); Hotsas bore hole, Game Reserve No April 1966 (H. D. Brown)(SANC).

6 298 NEW SOUTHERN AFRICAN GRASSHOPPERS Enerebius komuanabi new species urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:bb6177e c3-ba a Type. Holotype male. bi75 Namibia (SWA); Komuanab Farm No. 111, 50 km SW of Otjimbingwe, 14 Mar 1972 (SANC). Recognition. Figs 2, 7, 12, 17. A small brown and black species. Head: frons flush with eyes; frontal ridge narrow; fastigium narrow; cheeks uniform brownish with low ridges. Pronotum: disk distinctly cut by three three sulci; lateral lobes with a large dark patch in upper front two thirds. Legs- 3: femur mostly dark; knees brown; tibia bluish. Abdomen: with median and lateral bumps. Cerci very small. Measurements (mm). Males: BL 9; F3L 5. bi75 Namibia (SWA); Komuanab Farm No. 111, 50 km SW of Otjimbingwe, 14 Mar Eneremius gamsa new species urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:a59d01d9-b673-45ec-9be6- E6BC Type. Holotype male bi94 Namibia (SWA); Goanikontes, Namibia (SWA)kop River 23 April 1966 (W.D. Haacke) (SANC). Recognition. Figs 2, 7, 12, 18. A larger member of the genus. Body color pale and with small dark spots scattered about on all parts of the body. Head with small dark sponts on cheeks. Pronotum with small dark spots on the lateral lobes. Dorsum of pronotum and abdome with elongate ridges. Abdome with a prominent median ridge on each segment. Legs 1 and 2 robust. Tibiae 1 and 2 very short, each with 2 dark bands. Tarsal segments each with a dark ring. Femur 3 with brown knees. Inner face of tibia 3 dark at proximal end. Measurements (mm). Males: BL 13; F3L 8.5. bi94 Namibia (SWA); Goanikontes, Namibia (SWA)kop River 23 April 1966 WD Haacke Eneremius punctifrons (Brown) new comb. Lithidium punctifrons Brown, J. Entomol. Soc. S. Afr. 25(1):8. Holotype male. South Africa: Gordonia Dist. 14 m. W. of Rietfontein (Deposited in TMSA Pretoria Transvaal, Gauteng, South Africa). Recognition. Figs 2, 7, 12, 17. Measurements (mm). Males: BL 8-9; F3L bi33 Namibia (SWA); 4 mi NW of Karasburd 11 Feb 1959, Brown. bi35 South Africa, Cape Province; 20 mi E of Rietfontein 13 Feb 1961, Brown Eneremius pusillum (Uvarov) new comb. Lithidium pusillum Uvarov, Ann. Natal Mus. 5(2):178. Holotype male. South Africa: N.W. South Africa, Cape Province, Fransenhof Station (Deposited in TMSA Pretoria Transv., Gauteng, South Africa). Recognition. Figs 3, 8, 14, 17. Variable in body color from very pale to darker reddish brown and darker gray. Frons not extending forward beyond eyes. Frontal ridge varying in width, narrowing below level of antennae. In pale specimens the following coloration applies: Pronotum with a line of small dark spots along the anterior and posterior margins. Posterior margin crenulated. Posterior area of metathorax black narrower at midline then widening ventrally and posteriorly. Femora 1 and 2 with 2 black rings. Tibiae 1 and 2 with two dark bands on front face. Femur 3: knees paled, with a dark and pale band before the knees. Tibiae 3 greenish-yellow. Tarsal segments each with a dark ring. In reddish specimens the body color is more or less uniform, with no dark markings. Measurements (mm). Males: BL 9-10; F3L 5-6. Females: BL 13-16; F3L 8. bi18 South Africa, Cape Province; Karoo Region, Jagbult AL Reyneke. bi31 South Africa, Cape Province; Karoo Region 34 km SE of Pofadder 23 Feb 1989, Price, Duncan and McLaren. bi32 South Africa, Cape Province; Karoo Region 34 km SE of Pofadder 23 Feb 1989, Price, Duncan and McLaren. bi41 South Africa, Cape Province;

7 DANIEL OTTE 299 Karoo Region, Fransenhof, 23 Nov 1957, JH Kruger. bi43 South Africa, Cape Province; Karoo Region, 72 km SE Pofadder, 23 Feb 1989, Price, Duncan, McLaren. bi45 South Africa, Cape Province; Karoo Region, 34km SE Pofadder, 23 Feb 1989, Price, Duncan, McLaren. bi46 South Africa, Cape Province; Karoo Region, 25 km SE of Vanwyksvlei, 21 Feb 1990, Brown and Price. bi47 South Africa, Cape Province; Karoo Region, 25 km SE of Vanwyksvlei, 21 Feb 1990, Brown and Price. bi48 South Africa, Cape Province; Karoo Region, Carnarvon District, Smouskolk, 8 March 1989, Brown and Price. bi49 South Africa, Cape Province; 8 mi N of Beaurfort West, 5 December 1961, Brown, Furst and Pick. 50 South Africa, Cape Province; 10 mi S. of Brandvlei, 28 Feb 1969, Brown. bi51 South Africa, Cape Province; Gous se Kolk, 50 mi N of Brandvlei, 2 March 1969, Brown. bi52 South Africa, Cape Province; Karoo Region, Becha, 45 km W of Strydenburg, 14 Jan 1989, Price and McLaren. bi53 South Africa, Cape Province; 19 mi SW of Kenhardt, 15 Nov 1962, Brown and Furst. bi60 South Africa, Cape Province; Karoo Region, Carnarvon District, Smouskolk, 8 Mar 1989, Brown and Price. bi61 South Africa, Cape Province; Karoo Region, Becha, 45 km W of Strydenburg, 14 Jan 1989, Brown and Bax. bi62 South Africa, Cape Province; Karoo Region, Becha, 45 km W of Strydenburg, 14 Jan 1989, Brown and Bax. bi63 South Africa, Cape Province; Karoo Region, Becha, 45 km W of Strydenburg, 14 Jan 1989, Price and McLaren. bi64 South Africa, Cape Province; 8 mi N of Beaurfort West, 5 December 1961, Brown, Furst and Pick Eneremius gamirosa new species urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:a57fc3d a e45b Type. Holotype male bi12 South Africa, Cape Province; 7 mi NE of Steinkopf 17 Sep 1961 (Brown and Furst) (SANC). Recognition. Figs 3, 8, 14, 15. Body coloration is highly variable ranging from very pale to dark brown. Sculpturing on the thorax and abdomen is variable in height. Frontal ridge of head narrowest below the antennae. Each abdominal segment is pointed at the median end. Femora 3 dorsal view with pale and dark bands slanting posteriorly, from outside to inside. Measurements (mm). Males: BL 8-12; F3L 5-7. bi12 South Africa, Cape Province; 7 mi NE of Steinkopf 17 Sep 1961, Brown and Furst. bi17 South Africa, Cape Province; 8 mile S of Stinkfontein. bi42 North West Cape; Vanrynsdorp, 1 May 1959, Brown. bi84 South Africa, Cape Province; 4 mi NE of Stinkfontein, Richtersveld, 27 Sep 1967, Brown. bi85 Namibia (SWA); 22 mi W of Udabib, Aurusberg. W., 20 Nov 1962, Brown and Furst. bi86 Namibia (SWA); 14 mi N of Onseepkans, 6 Dec 1962, Brown and Furst. bi87. bi88 Namibia (SWA); Rooilepel, 39 mi NE of Oranjemund, 19 Nov 1962, Brown and Furst. bi89 Namibia (SWA); Rooilepel, 39 mi NE of Oranjemund, 19 Nov 1962, Brown and Furst. bi90 Namibia (SWA); Petrified Forest, near Welwitschia, 25 Apr 1963, WD Haacke. bi91 South Africa, Cape Province; De Hoop, N. Richtersveld, 22 Sep 1967, Brown. bi92 Namibia (SWA); MacMillan s Pass, 9 mi NE of Rosh Pina, 24 Sep 1968, Brown. bi95 SA South Africa, Cape Province; Kortdoring 7 mi E Alexander Bay, Brown and Furst. bi97 South Africa, Cape Province; Cornellskop Richtersveld 13 Sep, Haacke. bi98 Namibia (SWA); Mac Millan s Pass 9 mi NE Rosh Pina 2 Sep 1968, Brown. bi99 Namibia (SWA); 3 mi E Rosh Pina Luderitz District 20 Sep 1968, Brown. bi101 South Africa, Cape Province; Dolemite Peaks Richtersveld 11 Sep 1961, Brown and Furst. bi102 South Africa, Cape Province; 10 mi N of Annisfontein Richtersveld 27 Nov 1962, Brown and Furst. bi103 SA South Africa, Cape Province; 30 mi ESE of Port Nolloth, 18 Sep 1967, Brown. bi105 South Africa, Cape Province; Paradysberg 10 Oct 1974, Brown. bi145 South Africa, Cape Province; 3 mi S of Groenkloof River 11 Sep 1961, Brown and Furst. bi176 Namibia (SWA); Rosh Pina Mine Luderitz District 9 Sep 1968, Brown. bi177 Brand Kaross Richtersveld 20 Sep 1967, Brown. bi178 South Africa, Cape Province; 13 km N of Annisfontein Richtersveld 11 Oct 1972, Brown Koster and Prinsloo. bi179 South Africa, Cape Province; 19 km NE of Brand

8 300 NEW SOUTHERN AFRICAN GRASSHOPPERS Kaross Richtersveld 10 Oct 1972, Brown Koster and Prinsloo. bi180 Namibia (SWA); 14 mi N of Onseepkans 6 Dec 1962, Brown and Furst. bi181 South Africa, Cape Province; Hellskloof Pass Richtersveld 12 Oct 1972, Brown Koster and Prinsloo. bi182 South Africa, Cape Province; 13 km N of Annisfontein Richtersveld 11 Oct 1972, Brown Koster and Prinsloo. bi183 Namibia (SWA); MacMillens Pass, NE of Rosh Pinah 16 Oct 1972, Brown Koster and Prinsloo. bi184 South Africa, Cape Province; Sendelingsdrift Richtersveld 13 Oc 1972, Brown Koster and Prinsloo Eneremius rubripes (Uvarov) new combination Lithidium rubripes Uvarov, Ann. S. Afr. Mus. 29:55. Holotype female. Namibia, Nossob R., 80 m. S. of Gobabis. (Deposited in TMSA Pretoria Transv., Gauteng, South Africa). Recognition. Figs 2, 8, 13, 18B. Reddish brown in color. Frontal ridge very wide, not extending beyond the eyes. Pronotume with crenulated front and posterior margins. Body rough, sometimes with small black spots. Ends of abdominal tergies each ending in a small protuberance, which terminate in a small back tubercle. Femora 3 very wide. Tibiae 3 red. Measurements (mm). Males: BL ; F3L 7-8. Females: BL 18-20; F3L bi54 Namibia (SWA); De Waal, 10 mi N od Leonardville, 28 April 1971, Brown. bi55 Namibia (SWA); 80 mi S of Gobabis, 27 Dec 1960, WD Haacke. bi56 Namibia (SWA); De Waal, 10 mi N od Leonardville, 28 April 1971, Brown. Eneremius haackei new species urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:730ac4cb-31f4-48aa-bd4b- 45C379AEEC74 Type. Holotype male bi71 Namibia (SWA); Gross Spitzkuppe, 23 Mar 1972 (Brown, Koster and Wessels) (SANC). Recognition. Figs 2, 6, 13, 18. Body color usually very plae. Frotal ridge wide, narrowest below the antennae, extending slightly beyond the fronts of the eyes. Dorsum of body often with distinct dark markings at the front lateral corners of the pronotum, at the posterior margin of the metathorax and on femur 3 just before the knees. Measurements (mm). Males: BL ; F3L 6-7. Females: BL ; F3L bi39 Namibia (SWA); 20 mi SW of Uis, near Welwitschia, 26 April 1963, WD Haacke. bi57 Namibia (SWA); Outjo District, Granietkop No. 522, 18 Mar 1972, Brown. bi59 Namibia (SWA); Outjo District, Granietkop No. 522, 18 Mar 1972, Brown. bi68 Namibia (SWA); 16 km N of Uis, 16 Mar 1972, Brown, Koster and Wessels. bi69 Namibia (SWA); 16 km N of Uis, 16 Mar 1972, Brown, Koster and Wessels. bi71 Namibia (SWA); Gross Spitzkuppe, 23 Mar 1972, Brown, Koster and Wessels. bi72 Namibia (SWA); Gross Spitzkuppe, 23 Mar 1972, Brown, Koster and Wessels. bi74 Namibia (SWA); Gross Spitzkuppe, 23 Mar 1972, Brown, Koster and Wessels. bi79 Namibia (SWA); Outjo District, Granietkop No. 522, 18 Mar 1972, Brown. bi80 Namibia (SWA); Outjo District, Granietkop No. 522, 18 Mar 1972, Brown. bi81 Namibia (SWA); Outjo District, Granietkop No. 522, 18 Mar 1972, Brown. bi82 Namibia (SWA); Outjo District, Granietkop No. 522, 18 Mar 1972, Brown. bi83 Namibia (SWA); Outjo District, Granietkop No. 522, 18 Mar 1972, Brown. Eneremius sesriemense new species urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:f908659d-7d7a f51- C5B6D37AC026 Type. Holotype male: bi14 Namibia (SWA); 28 mi W of Sesriem Canyon 2 May 1969 (H. D. Brown) (SANC). Recognition. Figs 2, 8, 14, 16. Body color very pale. Frontal ridge narrow, and grooved between the antennae. Tibiae 1 and 2 each with two brown bands. Femur 3 with a dark patch on the inner face. Measurements (mm). Males: BL 10.5; F3L 6.5. bi14 Namibia (SWA); 28 mi W of Sesriem Canyon 2 May 1969, Brown.

9 DANIEL OTTE 301 LITHIDIOPSIS Dirsh Lithidiopsis Dirsh In Hanstrom, Brinck & Rudebeck. South African Animal Life; Results of the Lund University Expedition in : Lithidiopsis carinatus Dirsh, by original designation Lithidiopsis carinatus (Dirsh) new comb. Eneremius carinatus Dirsh, J. Entomol. Soc. S. Afr. 19:272. Holotype female. South Africa: Bushmanland, Viools Drift (Deposited in TMSA Pretoria Transv., Gauteng). Recognition. Figs 4, 20, 21, 23, 50. Body marked with pale and dark areas. Meso and metathorax with a large triangular marking, widening laterally and posteriorly. Femur 1 and 2 with irregular dark markings. Tibia 1 and 2 with two dark bands. Femur 3 with three dorsal bands, and one slanting lateral band before the knees. Knees dark. Tibiae 3 red. Measurements (mm). Males: BL 14; F3L 8. Females: BL 17; F3L 8. bi122 South Africa, Cape Province; 10 mi N of Annisfontein Richtersveld 27 Nov 1962, Brown and Furst. bi137 South Africa, Cape Province; 2 mi S of Blackies Prospect Richtersveld 22 Sep 1967, Brown. bi138 South Africa, Cape Province; 10 m N of Annisfontein Richtersveld 27 Nov 1962, Brown and Furst. bi139 South Africa, Cape Province; 1 mi S of Sendelingsdrif, Richtersveld 26 Nov 1962, Brown and Furst. bi140 South Africa, Cape Province; 9 mi SW of De Hoop Richtersveld 22 Sep 1967, Brown. bi152 Namibia (SWA); Velloor June 1961 IG Venter Lithidiopsis bushmanicum (Dirsh) new com. Lithidium bushmanicum Dirsh, J. Entomol. Soc. S. Afr. 19:270. Holotype female. Bushmanland, Viools Drift (Deposited in TMSA Pretoria Transv., Gauteng). Recognition. Figs 4, 19, 22, 24. Body color pale brown with distinct dark bands on meso- and metathorax. Tibia 1 and 2 with 2 dark ands. Femur 3 with two dorsal bands and one slanting lateral band. Tibia 3 brown, becoming black at distal end. Measurements (mm). Males: BL 12; F3L 7. bi147 South Africa, Cape Province; 6 mi S of Vioolsdrif 15 Sep 1961, Brown and Furst Lithidiopsis andanupa new species urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:04bd7c58-8b49-4b AA2E551D543 Type. Holotype male. bi120 South Africa, Cape Province; Andanup River, 7 mi E of Grasdrift, Richtersveld 19 Sep 1968 (H. D. Brown)(SANC). Recognition. Figs 4, 19, 22, 23. Body color pale with large black patches on the lateral faces of meso- and metathorax. Femur 3 dorsal face with 2 dark bands. Knees pale. Tibia 3 pale brown. Measurements (mm). Males: BL 11.2; F3L 6. bi104 South Africa, Cape Province; Andanup River 7 mi E Nabas, Richtersveld 19 Sep 1968,Brown. bi119 South Africa, Cape Province; Andanup River 7 mi E Nabas, Richtersveld 19 Sep 1968, Brown. bi120 South Africa, Cape Province; Andanup River, 7 mi E of Grasdrift, Richtersveld 19 Sep 1968, Brown. Lithidiopsis karasense new species urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:908282b5-4d1d-437d-b3ec- 843F19C0E744 Type. Holotype male. bi148 Namibia (SWA); 32 km N of Grunau, Karasberge 11 March 1972 (Brown, Koster and Wessels) (National Collection of Insects, Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria, South Africa). Recognition. Figs 4, 19, 22, 24. Pale reddish brown. With prominent dark triangular marking on the meso- and metathorax. Tibia 1 and 2 with 2 dark bands. Femur 3 with one dark dorsal band and one slanting lateral band. Measurements (mm). Males: BL 11; F3L 6.2. Distribution. (All specimens in SANC, Pretoria). bi148 Namibia (SWA); 32 km N of Grunau, Karasberge 11 March 1972,Brown, Koster and Wessels. bi149, bi150, bi151 same data as bi148.

10 302 NEW SOUTHERN AFRICAN GRASSHOPPERS MICROTMETHIS Karny Microtmethis Karny, In Schultze, L. Zoologische und anthropologische Ergebnisse einer Forschungsreise im westlichen und zentralen Südafrika ausgefürhrt in den Jahren Denkschr. med. naturwiss. Ges. Jena 4:77. Microtmethis kuthyi Karny Microtmethis kuthyi Karny, In Schultze, L. Zoologische und anthropologische Ergebnisse einer Forschungsreise im westlichen und zentralen Südafrika ausgefürhrt in den Jahren Denkschr. med. naturwiss. Ges. Jena 4:77. Lectotype female. Namibia, Prince of Wales Bay (Deposited in MfN). Recognition. Figs 1, 36, 37, 38, 39. Measurements (mm). Males: BL 8-11; F3L. Females: BL 20-24; F3L 13. bi1 Namibia (SWA); Northern Namib Cape Fria, 3 May 1970, Brown. bi2 Namibia (SWA); Northern Namib, 2 mi E of Möwe Bay, 4 May 1970 Brown. bi3 Angola; Foz du Cunene, Mocamedes District, 6 May 1971, Brown. bi4 Namibia (SWA); 40 mi S of Kunene River Mount, Kaokoveld, 16 May 1966, WD Haacke. bi5 Namibia (SWA); Unjab River Mouth Kaokoveld 1 October 1965, CG Coetzee. bi6 Namibia (SWA); Northern Kaokoveld, Okatusu Area 13 v 1966, WD Haacke. bi7 Namibia (SWA); Northern Kaokoveld, Okatusu Area 13 v 1966, WD Haacke. bi8 Namibia (SWA); Northern Kaokoveld, Okatusu Area 13 v 1966, WD Haacke. bi9 Namibia (SWA); Torra Bay, Kaokoveld Coast 20 Mar 1972, Brown Wessels and Koster. bi10 Namibia (SWA); Diamond Area No. 1, Bogenfels 18 Oct 1974, Brown. bi11 Namibia (SWA); Diamond Area No. 1, Bogenfels 18 Oct 1974, Brown TSAUTETTIX new genus urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:fd67aec4-1d75-429d-bf0b- D5BD0D004C33 Type species: Tsautettix namaquensis (Dirsh) (formerly in Eneremius). Recognition. Very similare to Leatettix, but male genitalia with opposing upper and lower beaks which bear prominent spines. Antennae: about four times as long as eyes. Head: frons pointed, about one third as long as eyes; frontal ridge narrow; fastigium large incaved; occiput with irregular small riges; eye height about equal to distance from eyes to mandibles; cheeks with small bumps and ridges, darker back of eyes. Pronotum: disk tuberculate with distinct bumps and ridges and median cut by three sulci. Abdomen: with median ridges, dorsum pale, sides blackish. Cerci very small, triangular. Tsautettix namaquensis (Dirsh) new comb. Eneremius namaquensis Dirsh, J. Entomol. Soc. S. Afr. 19:276. Holotype female. South Africa: Namaqualand, Springbok. S. (Deposited in NMBZ Bulawayo). Eneremius namaquensis, Dirsh Proc. R. Ent. Soc. London (A) 32:107 Eneremius namaquensis, Dirsh The African Genera of Acridoidea 193 Eneremius namaquensis, Johnston, H.B Annotated catalogue of African grasshoppers Suppl:146 Recognition. Figs 5, 25, 27, 30. Antennae: about four times as long as eyes. Head: frons pointed, about one third as long as eyes; frontal ridge narrow; fastigium large incaved; occiput with irregular small riges; eye height about equal to distance from eyes to mandibles; cheeks with small bumps and ridges, darker back of eyes. Pronotum: disk tuberculate with distinct bumps and ridges and median cut by three sulci; lateral lobes banded with a black dorsal band, a central ivory band and a dark dark patch in lower front quarter. Legs-1 and -2: tibiae with two dark bands. Legs-3: femur with scattered dark marks as in figur, knees dark, but not black; tibiae brown, darker along leading edge at distal end; tarsus brown. Abdomen: with median ridges, dorsum pale, sides blackish. Cerci very small, triangular.

11 DANIEL OTTE 303 Measurements (mm). Males: BL ; F3L. Females: BL ; F3L. bi106 South Africa, Cape Province 8 mi W of Steinkopf 6 Sept 1961, Brown and Furst. bi107 South Africa, Cape Province 8 mi W of Steinkopf 6 Sept 1961, Brown and Furst. bi108 South Africa, Cape Province 4 mi W of Dolemite Peaks, Richtersveld 11 Sep bi109 South Africa, Cape Province; 4 mi W of Dolemite Peaks, Richtersveld 11 Sep bi110 South Africa, Cape Province; 8 mi W of Steinkopf 6 Sept 1961, Brown and Furst. bi114 South Africa, Cape Province; 3 mi S of Groenkloof River, Richtersveld 11 Sep 1961, Brown and Furst. bi115 South Africa, Cape Province; 3 mi S of Kuboos River, Richtersveld 11 Sep 1961, Brown and Furst. bi131 South Africa, Cape Province; 7 mi W of Stinkfontein Richtersveld 26 Sep 1967, Brown Tsautettix cheya new species urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:bc83c755-3fa7-4a79-9f37- D41872FC9174 Type. Holotype male. bi170 South Africa, Cape Province; 4 mi N of Stinkfontein Richtersveld 1 Dec 1962 (Brown and Furst) (SANC). Recognition. Figs 5, 25, 27, 30. Antennae: brownish, short about three times lenght of eye. Head: frons short extending about one third length of eye beyond the eye; frontal ridge very narrow; fastigium large, incaved; occiput with four low parallel ridges; eye height about equal to distance between eye and mandible; cheeks somewhat mottled. Pronotum: disk with lateral ridges, not aligned; lateral lobes with three bands, a broader dorsal band and a narrow ivory band in the middle. Legs-1 and -2 very slightly banded. Legs-3: femur with three faint dark bands; knees pale; tibiae greybrown; tarsus brownish. Abdomen: pale on dorsum, dark on sides. Cerci very small, triangular. Measurements (mm). Males: BL 12; F3L 7.5. bi170 South Africa, Cape Province; 4 mi N of Stinkfontein Richtersveld 1 Dec 1962, Brown and Furst Tsautettix gariesa new species urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:c979f85c-2ba9-442c-9eb6-23c4767d5276 Type. Holotype male. bi123 South Africa, Cape Province; 10 mi N of Garies 15 Sep 1967 (H. D. Brown) (SANC). Recognition. Figs 5, 25, 27, 30. Antennae: brown, at least four times lenght of eye. Head: frons pointed, extending about one third length of eye beyond the eyes; frontal ridge very narrow; fastigium large, incaved; occiput with several parallel small ridges; eye height nearly equal to distance between eye and mandible; cheeks with a dorsal dark band and a ventral pale band behind eye. Pronotum: disk roughtly sculptured with several lateral and median ridges; lateral lobes banded a dark dorsal band and an ivory central band. Legs-1 and -2 tibiae slightly banded. Legs-3: femur with several dark markings as in Fig. ; knees darker above; tibia brownish, darker distally; tarsus brownish. Abdomen: pale on dorsum, dark on sides. Cerci very small, triangular. Measurements (mm). Males: BL ; F3L Females: BL ; F3L. bi123 South Africa, Cape Province; 10 mi N of Garies 15 Sep 1967, Brown bi127 South Africa, Cape Province 12 mi N of Garies 4 Sep 1961, Brown and Furst Tsautettix komaggas new species urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:94184eec-c80f-4a04-b96a- B0122CC19C9F Type. Holotype male. bi126 South Africa, Cape Province; 4 mi NE of Komaggas 28 Sep 1967 (H. D. Brown) (SANC). Recognition. Figs 5, 25, 27, 30. Antennae: yellow brown, about four times length of eye. Head: frons blunt, extending about one third length of eye beyond eyes; frontal ridge narrow; fastigium large, incaved; occiput with at least four small

12 304 NEW SOUTHERN AFRICAN GRASSHOPPERS parallel ridges; eye height about equal to distance between eyes and mandible; cheeks with only slight darkening behind eyes; with low ridges below eyes. Pronotum: disk with many low mounds and ridges, median cut by three sulci; lateral lobes with a dark dorsal band, a central pale band and a dark mark in lower front quarter. Legs-1 and -2: tibiae with two faint bands. Legs-3: femur with several dark markings as in Fig. ; knees darker brown; tibia grey-brown, darker at distal end; tarsus grey-brown. Abdomen: pale brown on dorsum,. Cerci. Measurements (mm). Males: BL 11; F3L 6.5. bi126 South Africa, Cape Province; 4 mi NE of Komaggas 28 Sep 1967, Brown Tsautettix goregu new species urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:68f3e d-40e7-bf31-2b1afb5cfaa2 Type. Holotype male. bi136 South Africa, Cape Province; Hellskloof Pass Richtersveld 12 Oct 1972 (Brown, Koster and Prinsloo) (SANC). Recognition. Figs 5, 25, 28, 31. Antennae: brown, at least four times lenght of eye. Head: frons pointed, extending about one third length of eye beyond the eyes; frontal ridge very narrow; fastigium large, incaved; occiput with several parallel small ridges; eye height nearly equal to distance between eye and mandible; cheeks with a dorsal dark band and a ventral pale band behind eye. Pronotum: disk roughtly sculptured with several lateral and median ridges; lateral lobes banded a dark dorsal band, an ivory central band and a narrow ventral band. Legs-1 and -2 tibiae slightly banded. Legs-3: femur with several dark markings as in Fig. ; knees darker above; tibia brownish, darker distally; tarsus brownish. Abdomen: pale on dorsum, dark on sides. Cerci very small, triangular. Measurements (mm). Males: BL 11.5; F3L 7. bi136 South Africa, Cape Province; Hellskloof Pass Richtersveld 12 Oct 1972, Brown, Koster and Prinsloo. Tsautettix kuboosi new species urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:a57906ca-a b-ae a10d6f6 Type. Holotype male. bi146 South Africa, Cape Province; Groenkloof River, 12 mi SW Kuboos Richtersveld 10 Sep 1961 (Brown and Furst) (SANC). Recognition. Figs 5, 26, 28, 32. Antennae: pale brown about four times length of eye. Head: frons short, somewhat pointed, ending about one quarter the length of the eye beyond the eye; frontal ridge very narrow, barely concave; fastigium large, smooth; occiput smooth or with very low ridges; eye height nearly equal to distance between eye and mandibles; cheeks pale brown. Pronotum: disk sometimes fairly smooth, sometimes with prominent ridges, sometimes barely cut by two sulci, sometimes deeply cute, with low lateral ridges; lateral lobes more or less uniformly pale brown or banded with a dark dorsal band, a pale middle band and a narrow lower band, front margin with dark spots. Legs-1 and -2: tibiae with two darker bands. Legs-3: femur with a distinct slanted dark band at distal end; and sometimes with darker band in first two thirds; knees brown; tibia brownish, turning dark at distal end; tarsus brownish. Abdomen: with distinct slanting dark markings at anterior dorsal end (Fig. ). Cerci very small, triangular. Measurements (mm). Males: BL 8.5-9; F3L Females: BL 14-15; F3L 6-7. bi117 South Africa, Cape Province; 11 mi SW of Kuboos, Richtersveld 28 Nov 1962, Brown and Furst. bi118 South Africa, Cape Province; 11 mi SW of Kuboos, Richtersveld 28 Nov 1962, Brown and Furst. bi121 South Africa, Cape Province; 11 mi SW of Kuboos Richtersveld 28 Nov 1962, Brown and Furst. bi146 South Africa, Cape Province; Groenkloof River, 12 mi SW Kuboos Richtersveld 10 Sep 1961, Brown and Furst. bi153 South Africa, Cape Province; 7 km SE of Koboes 9 Oct 1974, Brown. bi154. bi155. bi156 South Africa, Cape Province; 7 km SE of Koboes 9 Oct 1974, Brown. bi157. bi160 South Africa, Cape Province; Groenkloof River 12 mi SW of Kuboos 10 Sep 1961, Brown and Furst. bi161

13 DANIEL OTTE 305 South Africa, Cape Province; Groenkloof River 12 mi SW of Kuboos 10 Sep 1961, Brown and Furst Tsautettix tsesa new species urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:2fb f C2CEA4 Type. Holotype male. bi174 South Africa, Cape Province; 6 mi S of Lekkersing Richtersveld 30 Nov 1962 (Brown and Furst) (SANC). Recognition. Figs 5, 25, 28, 31. Antennae: about four times as long as eyes. Head: frons pointed, about one third as long as eyes; frontal ridge narrow; fastigium large incaved; occiput with irregular small riges; eye height about equal to distance from eyes to mandibles; cheeks with small bumps and ridges, darker back of eyes. Pronotum: disk tuberculate with distinct bumps and ridges and median cut by three sulci; lateral lobes banded with a black dorsal band, a central ivory band and a dark ventral band. Legs-1 and -2: tibiae with two dark bands. Legs-3: femur with scattered dark marks as in Fig. ; knees dark, but not black; tibiae brown, darker along leading edge at distal end; tarsus brown. Abdomen: with median ridges, dorsum pale, sides blackish. Cerci very small, triangular. Measurements (mm). Males: BL 8-10; F3L Females: BL ; F3L. bi171 South Africa, Cape Province; 6 mi S of Lekkersing Richtersveld 30 Nov 1962, Brown and Furst. bi172 South Africa, Cape Province; 6 mi S of Lekkersing Richtersveld 30 Nov 1962, Brown and Furst. bi174 South Africa, Cape Province; 6 mi S of Lekkersing Richtersveld 30 Nov 1962, Brown and Furst Tsautettix numee new species urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:55fb8483-f5a3-4cc4-b2b2-87d891206ee7 Type. Holotype male. bi144 South Africa, Cape Province; Numees Mine Richtersveld 21 Sep 1967 (H. D. Brown) (SANC). Recognition. Figs 5, 26, 28, 31. Antennae: about four times as long as eyes. Head: frons pointed, about one third as long as eyes; frontal ridge narrow; fastigium large incaved; occiput with irregular small riges; eye height about equal to distance from eyes to mandibles; cheeks with small bumps and ridges, darker back of eyes. Pronotum: disk tuberculate with distinct bumps and ridges and median cut by three sulci; lateral lobes banded with a black dorsal band, a central ivory band, brown below that. Legs-1 and -2: tibiae with two dark bands. Legs-3: femur with scattered dark marks as in Fig. ; knees dark, but not black; tibiae brown, darker along leading edge at distal end; tarsus brown. Abdomen: with median ridges, dorsum pale, sides blackish. Cerci very small, triangular. Measurements (mm). Males: BL ; F3L Females: BL 16.5; F3L 9.5. bi144 South Africa, Cape Province; Numees Mine Richtersveld 21 Sep 1967, Brown. bi158 South Africa, Cape Province; 6 mi N of Annisfontein 8 Sep 1961, Brown and Furst. bi162 South Africa, Cape Province; Paradysberg Richtersveld 9 Sep 1961, Brown and Furst. bi163 South Africa, Cape Province; Paradysberg Richtersveld 9 Sep 1961, Brown and Furst. bi164 South Africa, Cape Province; Paradysberg Richtersveld 10 Sep 1961, Brown and Furst Tsautettix gareba new species urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:ee914a76-0e23-48aa-ab9f- 24B55EC4F27D Type. Holotype male. bi134 South Africa, Cape Province; 2 km W of Rietpoort 29 Sep 1972 (Brown Koster and Prinsloo) (SANC). Recognition. Figs 5, 26, 29, 32. Antennae: about four times as long as eyes. Head: frons pointed, about one third as long as eyes; frontal ridge narrow; fastigium large incaved; occiput with irregular small riges; eye height about equal to distance from eyes to mandibles; cheeks with small bumps and ridges, darker back of eyes. Pronotum: disk tuberculate with distinct bumps and ridges and median cut by three sulci; lateral lobes banded with a black dorsal band, a central ivory band, brown below that. Legs-1 and -2: tibiae with two dark bands. Legs-3: femur with scattered dark marks as in Fig. ; knees dark, but not black;

14 306 NEW SOUTHERN AFRICAN GRASSHOPPERS tibiae brown, darker along leading edge at distal end; tarsus brown. Abdomen: with median ridges, dorsum pale, sides blackish. Cerci very small, triangular. Measurements (mm). Males: BL 9.5; F3L 5.5. Females: BL ; F3L. bi134 South Africa, Cape Province; 2 km W of Rietpoort 29 Sep 1972, Brown Koster and Prinsloo. bi142 South Africa, Cape Province; 20 km N of Vanrynsdorp Knersvlakte 6 Oct 1974, Brown. bi143 South Africa, Cape Province; 25 km SE of Nuwerus 29 Sep 1972, Brown, Koster and Prinsloo. bi130 South Africa, Cape Province; Spektakel Pass 18 mi W of Springbok 28 Sep 1967, Brown Tsautettix sau new species urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:fbcc0267-a93a-4645-bf35-2e34bca90b92 Type. Holotype male. bi130 South Africa, Cape Province Spektakel Pass 18 mi W of Springbok 28 Sep 1967 (H. D. Brown) (SANC). Recognition. Figs 5, 26, 29, 32. Antennae: about four times as long as eyes. Head: frons pointed, about one third as long as eyes; frontal ridge narrow; fastigium large incaved; occiput with irregular small riges; eye height about equal to distance from eyes to mandibles; cheeks with small bumps and ridges, darker back of eyes. Pronotum: disk tuberculate with distinct bumps and ridges and median cut by three sulci; lateral lobes banded with a black dorsal band, a central ivory band, with a dark mark in lower front quarter. Legs-1 and -2: tibiae with two dark bands. Legs-3: femur with scattered dark marks as in Fig. ; knees dark, but not black; tibiae brown, darker along leading edge at distal end; tarsus brown. Abdomen: with median ridges, dorsum pale, sides blackish. Cerci very small, triangular. Measurements (mm). Males: BL 11.5; F3L 8. bi130 South Africa, Cape Province Spektakel Pass 18 mi W of Springbok 28 Sep 1967, Brown Tsautettix daba new species urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:5b1c550f-1b9f-4c7d-bfd7- B2427AA77DFB Type. Holotype male. bi111 South Africa, Cape Province; 7 mi N of Vanrynsdorp 3 Sept 1961 (H. D. Brown) (SANC). Recognition. Figs 5, 26, 29, 32. Antennae: about four times as long as eyes. Head: frons pointed, about one third as long as eyes; frontal ridge narrow; fastigium large incaved; occiput with irregular small riges; eye height about equal to distance from eyes to mandibles; cheeks with small bumps and ridges, darker back of eyes. Pronotum: disk tuberculate with distinct bumps and ridges and median cut by three sulci; lateral lobes banded with a black dorsal band, a central ivory band, brown below that. Legs-1 and -2: tibiae with two dark bands. Legs-3: femur with scattered dark marks as in Fig. ; knees dark, but not black; tibiae brown, darker along leading edge at distal end; tarsus brown. Abdomen: with median ridges, dorsum pale, sides blackish. Cerci very small, triangular. Measurements (mm). Males: BL ; F3L. Females: BL ; F3L. bi111 South Africa, Cape Province; 7 mi N of Vanrynsdorp 3 Sept 1961, Brown. bi116 South Africa, Cape Province; 3 mi S of Kamieskroon 4 Sep 1961, Brown and Furst. bi125 South Africa, Cape Province; 4 mi W of Vanrynsdorp 2 Sep 1961, Brown and Furst. bi133 South Africa, Cape Province; 9 mi W of Steinkopf 17 Nov 1962, Brown and Furst. bi141 South Africa, Cape Province; 4 mi W of Vanrynsdorp 2 Sep 1961, Brown and Furst. bi173 South Africa, Cape Province; 23 mi N of Vanrynsdorp 27 Sep 1968

15 DANIEL OTTE 307 TANQUATA new genus urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:f4b6f22d-29e1-466f-bb14-45a72a3b2620 Type species. Tanquata dabadum new species, here designated. Recognition. Body color grey brown and black. Frontal ridge pointed (viewed from above), narrow but grooved. Fastigium large and diamondshaped. Frontal ridge extends well beyond fronts of eyes. Pronotum relatively large, box-shaped, slightly widening posteriorly, with rounded posterior margin. Tibiae 1 and 2 black on inner face. Femur 3 unbanded, black on inner face, upper carinae tall, suddenly lowering before the knees. Tibia 3 mostly black on upper and inner faces. Side of abdomen black. Subgenial plate pointed. Cerci conical, very small. Tanquata dabadum new species urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:0e8cb c-affc- A5F3971C1E15 Type. Holotype male. bi166 South Africa, Cape Province; Grasberg 59 mi S of Calvinia 22 ix 1961 (Brown and Furst) (SANC). Recognition. Figs 4, 33, 34, See Recognition above. Measurements (mm). Males: BL 12; F3L 7.5. Distribution. (All specimens in SANC) bi165 South Africa, Cape Province; Grasberg 59 mi S of Calvinia 22 ix 1961, Brown and Furst. bi166 South Africa, Cape Province; Grasberg 59 mi S of Calvinia 22 ix 1961 (Brown and Furst). bi169 South Africa, Cape Province; Grasberg 59 mi S of Calvinia 22 ix 1961 (Brown and Furst). Tanquata kaiba new species urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:d881d03c bc3-a15c- 4311BDA6C318 Type. Holotype male. bi167 South Africa, Cape Province; Tanqua Karoo, Onder-wa Drift 2 Sep 1967 (H. D. Brown) (SANC). Recognition. Figs 4, 33, 35. See recognition for genus. Differs from dabadum as follows: Lateral lobes of pronotume black in upper half, ivory in lower half in a second male the top half is dark grey, below that is a central black band, and below that an ivory band. Measurements (mm). Males: BL 11; F3L 6.5. Distribution. (All specimens in SANC) bi167 South Africa, Cape Province; Tanqua Karoo, Onder-wa Drift 2 Sep 1967, Brown. bi168 South Africa, Cape Province; Tanqua Karoo, Onderwa Drift 2 Sep 1967 (Brown). REFERENCES Eades, D.C.; D. Otte; M. M. Cigliano and H. Brown. Orthoptera Species File. Version 5.0/5.0. July < SpeciesFile.org> Brown, H. D New and interesting grasshoppers from Southern Africa - 2. J. Entomol. Soc. S. Afr. 25(1): Dirsh, V. M Orthoptera, Acridoidea. Pages In: Hanstrom, Brinck & Rudebeck. South African Animal Life 3. Results of the Lund University Expedition in : Dirsh, V. M Some new and little known South African Acridoidea (Orthoptera). J. Entomol. Soc. S. Afr. 19: Dirsh, V. M The spermatheca as a taxonomic character in Acridoidea (Orthoptera). Proc. R. Ent. Soc. London (A) 32: Johnston, H.B Annotated catalogue of African grasshoppers Suppl:146 Karny, In Schultze, L. Zoologische und anthropologische Ergebnisse einer Forschungsreise im westlichen und zentralen Südafrika ausgefürhrt in den Jahren Denkschr. med. naturwiss. Ges. Jena 4: 77. Saussure, H. de Additamenta ad prodrorum Oedipodiorum. Mem. Soc. Phys. Hist. Nat. Geneve 30(1): Uvarov, B. P On some short-horned grasshoppers (Acrididae) from South Africa. Ann. Natal Mus. 5(2): Uvarov, B. P Ann. S. Afr. Mus. 29: 55.

16 308 NEW SOUTHERN AFRICAN GRASSHOPPERS Figure 1. Distribution of Microtmethis and three species of Eneremius.

17 DANIEL OTTE 309 Figure 2. Distribution of Eneremius species (part).

18 310 NEW SOUTHERN AFRICAN GRASSHOPPERS Figure 3. Distribution of Eneremius species (part).

19 DANIEL OTTE 311 Figure 4. Distribution of Lithidiopsis and Tanquata species.

20 312 NEW SOUTHERN AFRICAN GRASSHOPPERS Figure 5. Distribution of Tsautettix species.

21 DANIEL OTTE 313 Figure 6. Portraits of five species of Eneremius. B, is a female of desertorum. Numbers refer to the specimen number.

22 314 NEW SOUTHERN AFRICAN GRASSHOPPERS Figure 7. Portraits of six species of Eneremius. Numbers refer to the specimen number.

23 DANIEL OTTE 315 Figure 8. Portraits of five species of Eneremius. F, is the female of gibeoni. Numbers refer to thespecimen number.

24 316 NEW SOUTHERN AFRICAN GRASSHOPPERS Figure 9. Head and thorax of three species of Eneremius.

25 DANIEL OTTE 317 Figure 10. Head and thorax of three species of Eneremius.

26 318 NEW SOUTHERN AFRICAN GRASSHOPPERS Figure 11. Head, pronotum and thorax of three species of Eneremius.

27 DANIEL OTTE 319 Figure 12. Head, pronotum and thorax of three species of Eneremius.

28 320 NEW SOUTHERN AFRICAN GRASSHOPPERS Figure 13. Head, pronotum and thorax of three species of Eneremius. Numbers refer to specimen number.

29 DANIEL OTTE 321 Figure 14. Head, pronotum and thorax of three species of Eneremius.

30 322 NEW SOUTHERN AFRICAN GRASSHOPPERS Figure 15. Aedeagus and epiphallus and end of abdomen of Eneremius species.

31 DANIEL OTTE 323 Figure 16. Aedeagus and epiphallus and end of abdomen of Eneremius species.

32 324 NEW SOUTHERN AFRICAN GRASSHOPPERS Figure 17. Aedeagus and epiphallus and end of abdomen of Eneremius species.

33 DANIEL OTTE 325 Figure 18. Aedeagus and epiphallus and end of abdomen of Eneremius species.

34 326 NEW SOUTHERN AFRICAN GRASSHOPPERS Figure 18B. Aedeagus and epiphallus and end of abdomen of Eneremius rubripes.

35 DANIEL OTTE 327 Figure 19. Portraits of Lithidiopsis andanupa, karasense and bushmanicum males.

36 328 NEW SOUTHERN AFRICAN GRASSHOPPERS Figure 20. Portraits of Lithidiopsis carinatus males.

37 DANIEL OTTE 329 Figure 21. Head and thorax of Lithidiopsis carinatus males.

38 330 NEW SOUTHERN AFRICAN GRASSHOPPERS Figure 22. Head and thorax of Lithidiopsis andanupa, karasense and bushmanicum males.

39 DANIEL OTTE 331 Figure 23. Aedeagus and epiphallus of Lithidiopsis andanupa and carinatus.

40 332 NEW SOUTHERN AFRICAN GRASSHOPPERS Figure 24. Aedeagus and epiphallus of Lithidiopsis karasense and bushmanicum.

41 DANIEL OTTE 333 Figure 25. Portraits of males of six Tsautettix species.

42 334 NEW SOUTHERN AFRICAN GRASSHOPPERS Figure 26. Portraits of males of five Tsautettix species.

43 DANIEL OTTE 335 Figure 27. Head and thorax of males of four Tsautettix species.

44 336 NEW SOUTHERN AFRICAN GRASSHOPPERS Figure 28. Head and thorax of males of four Tsautettix species.

45 DANIEL OTTE 337 Figure 29. Head and thorax of males of three Tsautettix species.

46 338 NEW SOUTHERN AFRICAN GRASSHOPPERS Figure 30. Aedeagus, epiphallus and end of abdomen of four Tsautettix species.

47 DANIEL OTTE 339 Figure 31. Aedeagus, epiphallus and end of abdomen of three Tsautettix species.

48 340 NEW SOUTHERN AFRICAN GRASSHOPPERS Figure 32. Aedeagus, epiphallus and end of abdomen of four Tsautettix species.

49 DANIEL OTTE 341 Figure 33. Portraits of Tanquata males.

50 342 NEW SOUTHERN AFRICAN GRASSHOPPERS Figure 34. Aedeagus, epiphallus and end of abdomen of Tanquata dabadum.

51 DANIEL OTTE 343 Figure 35. Aedeagus, epiphallus and end of abdomen of Tanquata kaiba.

52 344 NEW SOUTHERN AFRICAN GRASSHOPPERS Figure 36. Portraits of male and two females of Microtmethis kuthyi.

53 DANIEL OTTE 345 Figure 37. Head and thorax of Microtmethis kuthy males.

54 346 NEW SOUTHERN AFRICAN GRASSHOPPERS Figure 38. Aedeagus and epiphallus of Microtmethis kuthy males.

55 DANIEL OTTE 347 Figure 39. Aedeagus and epiphallus of Microtmethis kuthy males.