Examining hand grip strength in different sports
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1 Interntionl Journl of Sport Studies. Vol., 5 (10), , 2015 Aville online t http: ISSN ; Science Reserch Exmining hnd grip strength in different sports Onder Krkoc 1*, Cengiz Tskın 2, Selmi Yüksek 3, Mert Özçöven 1 1- Gzintep University School of Physicl Eduction nd Sports, Turkey 2- Btmn University School of Physicl Eduction nd Sports, Turkey 3- Krdeniz Technicl University School of Physicl Eduction nd Sports, Turkey *Corresponding uthor, Emil: onderkrkoc@hotmil.com Astrct Bckground & Aims: The purpose of this study is to nlyze the hnd grip strength of thletes ctively engged in different sports. 90 femle nd 90 mle thletes, totlly one hundred eighty sportsmen volunteered to prticipte in this study. Women ged 20,90 ±1,54; ody height 1,65 ±0,06m; ody mss 56,97±7,79; men ged 22,73±2,57; height 1,79±0,07m; ody mss 76,58± 13,86 kg were engged. Body height nd ody mss were tken for determining hnd grip strength. To otin highscore grip, left nd right hnds were mesured twice y using dynmometer.athlets prticipted in this study were judo wrestlers, dminton plyers, thletes, hndll plyers, sketll plyers nd footll plyers. SPSS softwre (SPSS Inc. Chicgo, Illinois) ws pplied for sttisticl nlyses of the dt. Тhe norml distriution of the dt ws determined nd confirmed y Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. Student T test ws pplied to juxtpose two groups, in order to compre more thn two groups one-wy vrince nlyses (One-Wy ANOVA) ws implemented. Conclusion: It cn e concluded, ccording to the dt of the reserch tht there is no difference in hnd grip strength of thletes engged in different sports. Key words: Sports, hnd grip strength Introduction Strength is the ility of the muscles to contrct or withstnd resistnce to certin degree (Sevim, 1991). Sporting success depend on conditionl nd coordintive ility such s strength, speed, endurnce, moility nd skills, technicl- tctic ility, personl ilities, physicl chrcteristics nd helth fctors (Ozr et l. 2002).In sports, strength is known to increse sporting success nd performnce. Especilly, hnd grip strength (grsping strength) the most importnt determinnt (Weineck, 1998). Hnd grip strength is physicl trit tht plys n importnt role providing effectivenessnd efficiency during dily work nd sports ctivities. Moreover, in terms of performnce, hnd grip is n importnt indictor in mny sports. Muscle strength nd power re decisive in individul nd tem sports' successful performnce (Newton et l., 1994). The muscles re the formtions in the ody tht llow to keep the ody in certin position,to move it from one plce to the other, to pull or push ojects. The force vries ccording to the type of the work. The physicl trit s hnd grip forms the sis of performnce nd success in mny sports (Kremer et l.2001).the hnd grip strength is, s isometric tension, motionless hnd grsping, defined s sustined muscle strin. In this condition the grip strength depends on the muscles' lood supply. Hnd grip strength is n indictor of the totl ody strength (Fil, 1995 ). The qulity nd mount of strength re specificlly essentil in hevy weight sports. 1132
2 Nowdys, strength nd strong thletes re evluted ccording to the rtio of the ody chrcteristics nd ody weight, its preprtion to the power they produce (Cstro, 1995). Consequently, the purpose of this study is to reserch the thletes hnd grip strength of different sports. Mterils nd Methods 90 mle thletes, ged 22,73±2,57 yers, ody height 1,79±0,07m, verge mle ody weight 76,58±13,86kg, nd 90 femle thletes, ged 20,90±1,54 yers, ody height 1,65±0,06m, verge weight 56,97±7,79kg volunteered to prticipte in this study.mle nd femle prticipnts re ctively engged in judo, dminton, thletics, sketll, hndll nd footll. The evlution of the study ws done during the competition period.athletes were informed out the reserch nd sked not to drink the everges contining lcohol 24 hours prior to the reserch. Strength mesurement Hnd grip strength ws mesured using dynmometer (Tkei rnded dijitl). During the mesurements dynmometers were clirted nd djusted ccording to the hnds nd fingers of ech prticipnt. Mesurements were crried out in the sme wy on oth rms. The strength mesurements were repeted twice. Mesurements were implemented in wy tht the hnd tht ws mesured did not get support from ny plce. Two mesurement ttempts were mde nd the strongest vlue ws recorded in kilogrms (Tmer, 2000 ). Length Mesurements: The sujects' height nd length were mesured using stdiometer (SEGA, Germny), ccording to the mesuring techniques results were noted with 0,1 cm sensitivity (Gordon et l. 1988). Body Weight Mesurement: The ody weight mesurements were tken y weight scle (SEGA, Germny), the sujects wore sports grment without shoes, the results were noted with 0,01 kg sensitivity difference. Sttisticl Anlyses Sttisticl nlyses nd its evlution were mde using SPSS sttisticl softwre. It ws oserved whether the vlues were dispersed normlly or not y using Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. To detect the difference etween the sport rnches one-wy nlyses ws used (One-Wy ANOVA), to determine the rnch- multiple comprison Tukey test ws pplied. Moreover, when compring individul nd group sports, in individul one T test ws pplied. In the study the mistke rtio ws clculted s < 0/05. Results Tle 1: Physicl chrcteristics of femle nd mle prticipnts Vriles Womn (N=90) Mn (N=90) Averge± Std devition Averge ± Std devition Age (yer) 20,90±1,54 22,73±2,57 Height (m) 1,65±0,06 1,79±0,07 Body weight (kg) 56,97±7,79 76,58±13,
3 Tle 2: Comprison of right nd left hnd grip strength of femle prticipnts in different sports. Femle spostsmen Left hnd grip strength (kg) Right hnd grip strength (kg) Averge± Std devition Averge± Std. devition Judo (N=15) 24,72±6,69 27,96±5,96 Bdminton (N=15) 24,38±6,49 27,62±4,15 Athletics (N=15) 25,80±3,06 27,66±4,79 Hndll (N=15) 28,44±3,66 30,50±4,31 Bsketll (N=15) 27,38±6,37 28,84±5,87 Footll (N=15) 24,14±1,60 24,16±2,57 there is no significnt difference in left hnd grip strength in different sports (P>0,05). there is no significnt difference in right hnd grip strength in different sports (P>0,05). Tle 3: Comprison of right nd left hnd grip strength of mle prticipnts in different sports Mle sportsmen Left hnd grip strength Right hnd grip strength Averge ± Std. devition Averge± Std.devition Judo (N=15) 46,42±7,67 47,55±7,40 Bdminton (N=15) 43,77±4,01 44,31±4,03 Athletics (N=15) 41,52±6,596 43,91±8,41 Hndll (N=10) 44,51±7,69 48,35±9,07 Bsketll(N=15) 42,01±8,42 44,71±5,31 Footll (N=15) 38,53±7,49 41,73±7,69 there is no significnt difference in left hnd grip strength in different sports (P>0,05). there is no significnt difference in right hnd grip strength in different sports (P>0,05). Tle 4: Comprison of right nd left hnd grip strength of mle prticipnts etween individul nd group sports Mle sportsmen Left hnd grip strength Right hnd grip strength Averge ± Std devition Averge± Std. devition Individul sports (N=45) 43,90±6,39 45,26±6,84 Group sports (N=45) 41,68±8,006 44,93±7,78 There is no significnt difference in left hnd grip etween individul nd group sports (P>0,05). There is no significnt difference in right hnd grip strength etween individul nd group sports (P>0,05). Tle 5: Comprison of right nd left hnd grip strength of femle prticipnts etween individul nd group sports Femle sportsmen Left hnd grip strength Right hnd grip strength Averge± Std. devition Averge± Std. devition Individul sports (N=45) 24,97±5,28 27,75±4,65 Group sports (N=45) 26,65±4,44 27,83±4,98 there is no significnt difference in left hnd grip strength etween individul nd group sports (P>0,05). there is no significnt difference in right hnd grip etween individul nd group sports (P>0,05). Discussion nd Conclusion Athlete prticipnts of different sports hve no significnt difference of right nd left hnd grip when compring grip strength (P>0,05).Cicioglu nd the others (1998) in their study determined the verge rtio of grip strengthof elite femle thletes ccording to their rnches; sketll plyers' right hnd grip strength 27,28±5,24 (kg), left hnd grip strength 25,39± 5,67(kg); hndll plyers right hnd grip strength 30,91±4,92(kg), left hnd grip strength 27,31± 3,73(kg); volleyll plyers right hnd grip strength 31,09± 3,67(kg), left hnd grip strength 30,48± 3,60(kg) (Cicioglu, 1998). 1134
4 The vlue tken in different sports mde it cler tht the grip strength in hndll plyers were not sttisticlly explicit, however, it ws lso found to e higher thn in the other sports. In the mesurements of the right hnd grip strength mde y Tutkun (1996) wrestlers hve 52,85±9,39(kg); volleyll plyers 53,40±7,74(kg), hndll plyers 52,00±7,84 (kg), footll plyers 50,00±7,73(kg), judoists 50,71± 6,01(kg), nd totl mde 53,07± 8,94(kg) (Tutkun, 1996 ). Reilly (1979) indicted tht in the lst 50 yers the hnd grip strength ws used s n indictorof totl ody strength. The grip strength vlue of 31 plyers of Englnd Professionl soccer legue ws found to e 50,4±1,17(kg). Dlls Torndo soccer plyers' grip vlue ws 46,2± 0,3(kg), wheres, Jpnese ntionl soccer plyers hd 52,9(kg) (Reilly, 1979 ) In the study on physiologicl prmeters of elite judoists held y Frnchinini nd the others, E nd the others, the verge test of right nd left hnd grip strength ws mde in the following ctegories: cdets, juniors nd seniors, in the light weight ctegory of 66kg nd under chmpionships right hnd grip strength showed 43,8 kg, 49,3kg, 44,9 kg. respectively; left hnd grip strength 43,8 kg, 49,3kg, 45,1 kg respectively; in 73kg nd under ctegory, right hnd grip strength showed 50,8 kg, 53,3kg, 56, 8 kg, nd left hnd grip strength 47,7kg, 52,2,kg, 52,0 kg; in 83kg nd under ctegory right hnd grip strength showed 55,3kg, 59,6kg, 54,2kg, nd left hnd strength 49,5kg, 55,6kg, 51,5 kg.( Frnchini, 2011 ). In different weight ctegories, the difference in the ge nd weight indictors results in thletes different hnd grip strength vlue. However, proximity in weight nd ge exposes similr grip strength vlue. Gender, ge nd weight re the fctors tht impct grip strength (Ocl, 2007). The study on physiologicl profile of Cndin Ntionl tem mde y Thoms nd the others (1989), exposed the verge vlue of right hnd grip s 56,41± 6,6kg, left hnd grip s 55,71± 6,6kg, (Thoms, 1989). As result of comprison of right nd left hnd grip of Turkish nd Russin ntionl cdet tems, ll tems nd thletes of hevy weight exposed the difference of (p<0,01) nd light weight thletes exposed (p<0,05) significnt difference, from the sttisticl perspective there ws no evident difference etween middle weight thletes (p< 0.05). As to left hnd grip strength the difference found constituted (p<0,01) in ll tems nd hevy weight thletes, nd no significnt difference in light nd middle weight thletes (p <0,05) (Yuksek, et l. 2004). In mny studies, it is indicted tht the grip strength in judo found to e especilly effective.grip strength tkes n importnt prt in judo trining which is ssocited with grsping the opponents' uniform nd intensive exercising. The intensity of trining during the preprtion period, its durtion nd trining mode ffects the thletes' level of performnce (Krkoc, 2014). The hnd grip in the literture, despite eing seen s n indictor of n overll strength, y nd lrge, in hnd grip strength relted sports re found to e stronger nd hving higher vlue. In his studies, Erol (1992) identified the verge vlue of the sportsmen right hnd grip s 47,321 kg, nd left hnd s 44,786 kg. nd this findings were found to e essentil from the sttisticl perspective (p< 0,05) (Erol, 1992). As result, grip strength of thletes engged in ctive sports, did not show ny difference, hence, it cn e explined y the proximity of their trining level. Conflict of interest The uthors declre no conflict of interest References Cstro MJ et l., Pek torque per unit cross-sectionl re differs etween strength-trined nd untrined young dults. Med. Sports Exerc. 27:397 Cicioglu İ et l., Comprison of physicl nd physiologicl chrcteristics of elite femle thletes in different rnches. Gzi Phy Educ Sci J.4: 90. Erol E, Experimentl study of influence of quick strength work on performnce of junior sketll plyers ged 16-Gzi University Fculty of Phy Edu nd Sport, Ankr. Frnchini E, Physiologicl profiles of elite judo thletes. Sports Med Gordon C, et l., Stture, recument length nd weight. Eds. Lohmn, TG, Roche, AF, Mrorell R. Anthropometric stndrdiztion reference mnul. Illinois. Humn Kinetics Books, pp: 3-8. Interntionl Wrestling Rules, Wrestling Federtion Pulishing, Ankr. Krkoc O, Performnce impct of lnce nd coordintion trining for eight weeks on hering impired judoists. Doctorl Thesis, Firt University Institute of Helth Sci, Elzıg. Kremer WJ, Triplett-Mcride T, Gordon SE, Koziris LP et l. Physiologicl nd performnce responses to tournment wrestling. Med.Sci.Sports Exerc.33, Newton RU, et l., Developing explosive musculr power: implictions for mixed methods trining strteg. Strength nd Conditioning Journl, 16:
5 Ocl D, Comprison of somtic chrcteristics with nthropometric proportionl reltionships of styles nd weight of elite wrestlers. Mster s Thesis, Gzi University Institute of Helth Sci, Ankr. Ozr N, et l., Study on physicl prmeters of the Turkish Ntionl Women s oxing tem. Sport Reserch J. 2 Weineck J. Spor ntomisi, Bgirgn Pulishing House, Ankr, 1998; S, Reilly T, Wht reserch tells the coch out soccer? Americn Allince for Helth, Physicl Eduction, Recretion nd Dnce, Wshington DC. P Sevim Y, Physicl fitness trining. Gzi Buro Pulishing House, Ankr, 96. Tmer K, Physicl nd physiologicl performnce mesurement nd evlution in sports. 2 nd Editionı. Bgirgn Pulishing House, Ankr, Thoms G, Physiologicl profiles of the Cndin ntionl judo tem. Cndin Journl of Sport Sciences Journl Cndien Des Sciences Du Sport, 14.3: 142. Tutkun E, Exmintion of nthropometric structure nd motoric test of 72 mesurements in University students school tems of hndll, volleyll, footll, wrestling nd judo. Msters thesis, Ondokuzmyıs Sci. Instititute of Helth Sci. Yuksek S, et l., Comprison of physicl nd physiologicl prmeters of Turkish nd Russin femle junior ntionl judo tem. Physicl Edu nd sport Sci J,
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