Learn Environment Conservation from Nature and Disaster in Kagoshima

Transcription

1 PROGRAM REPORT Japan-Asia Youth Exchange Program in Science by Japan by Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST) From 5 March to 11 March, 2017 Learn Environment Conservation from Nature and Disaster in Kagoshima By. Buti Yohenda Christy Mastercourse Program, Biology Department Faculty of Mathematic and Natural Science Andalas University Padang, Indonesia

2 PREFACE Japan-Asia Youth Exchange Program in Science by JST (Japan Science and Technology Agency) was held on 5-11 March, 2017 in Kagoshima, Japan. This program was aimed to give suggestion for young students from Asian countries related to environmental issues and how Kagoshima University tried to solve those issues. Participants of this program was ten students from Andalas University, Bogor Agricultural University and Institute of Technology Bandung in Indonesia and Sabah University in Malaysia. As a student from Andalas University, I feel very fortunate and grateful for the opportunity to participate in this program, I have learnt so many things and gained new experiences from this program. From the lectures in the classroom, we get new information about the condition of natural and environmental problems in Kagoshima, and a visit to the actual site shows current conditions after the efforts to resolve the problem. In this report I will describe the activities that we have participated in Japan-Asia Youth Exchange Program in Science program and showed some activity photos. Padang, 19 th March 2017

3 1 ST DAY (Sunday, 5 th March 2017) Arrive at Kagoshima from Indonesia Our trip was started at Padang City, West Sumatra, Indonesia, we went by plane to meet with other participants in Jakarta. We arrived at Terminal 1B, Soekarno-Hatta International Airport at 14:45, then we used shuttle bus to go to Terminal 2. We met other participants from Bogor Agricultural University and Institute of Technology Bandung at a restaurant, after have dinner then we went inside the departure gate to check in. The plane to Tokyo was departed at 21:45, the flight was lasted for 7 hours and 15 minute. In the morning, we saw beautiful sunrise from plane window, there was also a huge montain in the distance, I guessed it was Mount Fuji because of the snow at the mountain top, but I was not sure. We was arrived at International Terminal of Tokyo Haneda Airport at 7:00 in the morning, after passed through immigration and security check, we claimed the baggage. At arrival gate, we met Suzuki-sensei and April-senpai, a teaching asistant. Outside the arrival hall, the taxi was waiting for drove us to International Residence Hall (Kaikan). The first thing that I realized when we going out from the arrival hall was the cold temperature, it was really contrast with weather in Jakarta or Indonesia. It was raining all the way to Kaikan, so we was not able to see the scenery outside the car very well. Because it was rainy and cloudy, we can not saw the Sakurajima mountain, but at least I saw some cherry blossom trees. Picture 1. Took Photo Together in Soekarno-Hatta Airport Before Our Flight to Tokyo Haneda Photo by. Fatimah

4 Picture 2. Ivo and Fatimah, Going to the Waiting Room for Flight to Kagoshima (at Tokyo Haneda Airport) Photo by. Meli Triana Devi Picture 3. Just Arrived at Kagoshima Airport Photo by. Claudia Tyas

5 Picture 4. Met April-senpai at Kagoshima Airport Photo by. Suzuki-sensei Picture 5. On the Way to International Residence Hall

6 Arrive at International Residence Hall (Kaikan) It was still raining when we arrived at International Residence Hall. After unloading the baggages from taxi, we headed to the lobby of 1 st International Residence Hall. Shortly after that, we met the Kaikan manager. Then, she was invited us to 3 rd International Residence Hall, where we will stay for 7 days. Several minutes later, the Malaysian students come with Suzuki-sensei and Yora-senpai, other teaching-assistant. After all the participant was gathered, the kaikan manager explaining the rules and some important things related to living in the International Residence Hall to us. Then, she gave the room key and accompanied us to our private room. The room was really comfortable and has beautiful view. After unpacking our baggage, we went to have lunch with the teaching assistants. It was started to raining again when we finished our lunch, so we decided to going back to International Residence Hall and had some rest. Picture 6. Arrived at International Residence Hall

7 Picture 7. Waiting for Malaysian students in Meeting Room at 3 rd International Residence Hall Photo by. Aprilia Korisano Picture 8. Going to Have Lunch

8 Picture 9. Have Lunch at Restaurant Near International Residence Hall Photo by. Claudia Tyas Welcome Party at 1 st Building of International Residence Hall Some students already gathered at the meeting room in 1 st International Residence Hall when we arrived. It was the first time we met another Indonesian students in Kagoshima beside the teaching assistants. Shortly after that, Suzuki-sensei and Hamada-sensei was arrived, followed by Malaysian students. Then, we introduced ourself. We also eat the Japanese cuisine that already prepared, it was very exciting because I never tried most of the food there. The party was ended at 21:00 and before going back to our room, we took photo with another Indonesian students there. Picture 10. Welcome Party at 1 st International Residence Hall Photo by. Suzuki-sensei

9 Picture 11. Take Pictures with the Other Indonesian Students After the Welcome Party Photo by. Aprilia Korisano

10 2 nd DAY (Monday, 6 th March 2017) Going to Korimoto Campus It was our first day to have classes in Korimoto Campus. Because we still don t know where Korimoto Campus are, April-senpai was pick up and accompanying us to the campus. It turned out that Korimoto Campus is not really far from the International Residence Hall. All the way to campus, I observed some students going to school by walking or bicycle. The roads was not really busy and no traffic jam as far as I able to see, it was really different from Padang, or Indonesia in general where it always busy and jammed every morning and evening (commuting hour). When we arrived on campus, we went straight to Common Room 3 in General Education Building. Picture 12. Walking to Korimoto Campus with April-senpai Photo by. Ahmad Zaky Nugraha Picture 13. Arrived at Common Room 3 in General Education Building

11 Lecture 1. Life in Japan The first lecture was about the overview of Kagoshima University and orientation of living in Japan by Unedaya-sensei. From this lecture, we knew that Kagoshima University was established in 1949 and in 2004 joined the National University Corporation. Kagoshima University has three campus, it is Korimoto Campus, Sakuragaoka Campus and Shimoarata Campus, which is near the International Residence Hall where we stayed. We also learnt about Iceberg Model of Culture, which the purpose is to give better cross-cultural understanding and communication. This model is divided three part of culture, which are visible /audible culture (including behaviour, architecture, food, clothes, nature), invisible culture (such as interpretation, values, religion), and human being as common base (for maintaining life, cooperation, communication). Unedaya-sensei then asked us to make three group and discuss about this topic. We made a list about how Japan different from our home country, seen from the visible and invisible culture, and guess the reason behind those differences. From our discussion, we concluded that in architecture, Japan is different from Indonesia and Malaysia. It is because Japanese building (such as houses or apartment) is smaller and used calmer colour (white, beige, cream, brown) for wall painting, while in Indonesia and Malaysia people tends to has big house with bright colour wall painting. Beside the architecture, we also discussed the differences from fashion, food and people behaviour in public. Picture 14. Lecture about Orientation for Living in Japan with Unedaya-sensei Photo by. Suzuki-sensei

12 Lunch at University Cafeteria After the first lecture, we had some free time, so Suzuki-sensei showed us the computer room which free to used by foreign student. From the large window at 4 th floor, we also can observed the Mount Sakurajima. At 10:50, we went to Administrative Office to get the travel fee. When we going there, Suzuki-sensei showed us the botanical garden inside Korimoto Campus. Inside the garden, there is some native and introduced plants. Some of those plants has a name plate which showed local name and Latin name. I was also observed a lot of crow around the campus, and the crow s size is pretty big. Near the Administration Office we saw some cherry blossom tree (sakura). It was really beautiful, and we decided to took some photos. After got the travel fee, we visited some laboratory in Science Faculty, those are Herbarium and Fisheries Laboratory. In Herbarium, we observed the scanning process of plant sample, while in Fisheries Laboratory we saw many wet preservation of various types of fish, both native Japan as well as from other areas. Picture 15. View of Sakurajima from the Window at 4 th Floor of General Education Building in Korimoto Campus

13 Picture 16. Walking to Administrative Office Picture 17. Walking Through the Botanical Garden in Korimoto Campus Photo by. Meli Triana Devi

14 Picture 18. Taking Photo with the Flowers Photo by. Ahmad Zaky Nugraha Picture 19. Visiting the Herbarium Photo by. Meli Triana Devi

15 Picture 20. Looking Around in Fish Collections Room Then, we go to campus cafeteria to had lunch. It was not really crowded in the cafeteria. I was really interested in the cafeteria system in Japan, where we immediately lined up to take the desired food and then pay before eating. More, after the meal we had to put cutlery in the location provided. It is very different in Indonesia where after we finished eating, we just left the used cutlery on the table. Picture 21. Choosing the Menu for Lunch in Campus Cafeteria Photo by. Suzuki-sensei

16 Picture 22. Have Lunch Together Photo by. Suzuki-sensei Lecture 3. Environmental Issue of Mercury At next lecture, we learnt about how dangerous the mercury for human and environment. This lecture was delivered by Tomiyasu-sensei. We was discuss the case of Minamata Disease, which happened in Minamata Bay, Kumamoto Prefecture at The caused of this neurological disease is the disposal of mercury, as the byproduct of acetaldehyde production, by Chisso company at Minamata Bay. In aquatic environment, mercury reacted with carbon and formed methyl mercury, the most dangerous form of mercury. Based on the video shown by Tomiyasu-sensei, Minamata disease was first realized due to the many cats around the settlement of fishermen in Minamata which showed similar symptoms, such as seizures and loss of control of limbs. This phenomenon is then referred to as 'dancing cat fever'. Afterwards, a lot of people who reported having similar symptoms to a local doctor. Tomiyasu-sensei was informed us that at that moment, the total mercury level at sludge in Minamata Bay was over than 1000 mg/kg. To mitigate the effects of methyl mercury in the environment, the government then conduct dredging operations in Minamata Bay region, in addition to the reclamation area was also set up to reduce the concentration of mercury. From this case, it is known that activities involving mercury is so dangerous to life and the environment, because Hg is released into the environment can not be removed or decomposed easily. Mercury-contaminated environment will be very difficult to restore to its original state / remediation. In Indonesia, we had a lot of gold mining activity that involving mercury to separate gold from byproduct. This condition is certainly very dangerous for the miners who are exposed to mercury every day, other than that they immediately dispose of byproducts into the river so that also harm the aquatic ecosystem. This lecture was opened our views on how dangerous mercury for life and environment. Hopefully with all newest research and publication concerning this topic, Indonesian goverment and miners could understand about the nature of mercury.

17 Picture 23. Lecture About Mercury and Minamata Disease with Tomiyasu-sensei Photo by. Suzuki-sensei Lecture 4. Management of Conservation Areas In lecture with Hoshino-sensei about Management of Conservation Areas, we learnt about national park in Japan. There is 32 national park in all Japan, and the lastest was established in Okinawa and Kagoshima, specifically in Amami-Oshima island. This location had became important because there is Pentalagus furnessi (amami rabbit), spiny rat, long-tailed rat, and Odorrana splendida (Ishikawa frog). In Kagoshima, the important national park is Kirishima National Park (Kirishima-Yaku Kokuritsu Koen) which divided into Yakushima National Park (included Yakushima Island) and Kirishima Kinkowan National Park (Kagoshima Bay and Sakurajima). Yakushima Island had became World Natural Heritage Site because of a lot native fauna and flora in that location, one is shika deer. In Izumi city, there is a wintering sites for cranes, every year several kind of cranes from Siberia and other area had came to this location. At first, this area used by the community as a farm land, but after the cranes began to arrive for the winter migration, those agricultural land suffered losses due to crane s foraging activity. Then, feeding project was started to avoid agricultural damages in surrounding farm land. This project could spent more than 1000 kg/day of wheat and 500 kg/day of fishes for the cranes. Nowadays, the community has been actively involved in the conservation of cranes in Izumi, ranging from feeding project, cranes counting, and treatment for injured cranes. Lecture 2. Vegetation in Kagoshima Our last lecture for the first day is about Vegetation in Kagoshima by Suzuki-sensei. Kagoshima is located in subtropical zones, which has annual mean temperature ranged from C. Character of the vegetation in this area is a mixture of tropical and warm temperature plants. We also discussed about the difference of bamboo plants in Japan (temperate area) and Indonesia (tropical area), where Japanese bamboo has scattered stems because of longer rhizomes compared to Indonesian/tropical bamboo which has short rhizomes that makes the stems clustered. However, bamboo plant is not native from Japan, it was

18 brought from China. There is also some tropical tree which is same species in Indonesia, such as mangroves, Ipomoea pes-caprae, Pandanus, and papaya. The typical forest in Japan, especially in Kagoshima is dominated by conifer plantation and some broadleaf forest. Near Sakurajima, the forest is dominated by pine tree and Fagaceae, such as Castanopsis. Picture 24. Lecture about Conservation Areas with Hoshino-sensei Photo by. Suzuki-sensei Picture 25. Looking Around Korimoto Campus after Finished the Classes Photo by. Meli Triana Devi

19 After finished all lectures, we went to look around Korimoto Campus. We took some photos of plum flower (ume) in campus garden. Then we met an Indonesian student who offered to accompany us look around. Because we do not where to go, in the end we just tried to ride the tram to Amu Plaza Kagoshima. It was our first time for riding the tram, and I was fascinated by how people pay their tram fare before get off the tram, because in my hometown there is an attendant who asking for our bus fare. Right when we arrived at the plaza, I saw Bronze Statue of Satsuma Students Dispatched to the West, but because it was night time I could not observed those statue clearly. One thing that grabbed my attention was a big Ferris Wheel above Amu Plaza. Picture 26. Trying to Take Photo of Plum Flower

20 Picture 27. Korimoto Campus with Sakurajima at the Background Photo by. Meli Triana Devi Picture 28. Photo of Flower in front of Administrative Office Building

21 Picture 29. Walking to Ride the Tram for the First Time Picture 30. Waiting for the Tram Photo by. Ahmad Zaky Nugraha

22 Picture 31. Ferris Wheel Above Amu Plaza Kagoshima at Night Picture 32. Having Dinner Together in the Lobby of 1 st International Residence Hall Photo by. Ahmad Zaky Nugraha

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24 3 rd DAY (Tuesday, 7 th March 2017) Going to Korimoto Campus Before departed to Korimoto Campus, we walking around the International Residence Hall and we saw a big cherry blossom tree behind the building. Then we took some photos before went back to the lobby. For our second day lecture, we decided to walk by ourself to Korimoto Campus and meet the teaching assistant there. It turned out that we did not remember the short route to campus and ended took long route. We even passed the same road twice. Finally we arrived at Korimoto Campus after 30 minutes walk, which supposed to be only 20 minutes walk, like we done yesterday. Picture 33. Cherry Blossom Tree Behind 1 st International Residence Hall Building Picture 34. Walking to Korimoto Campus by Ourself

25 Lecture 5. Nature and Disaster of Sakurajima That morning, we had lecture about Sakurajima and volcanic ash clouds by Maki-sensei because we will visited the mountain later. Sakurajima literally means cherry blossom island, but right now it is not really an island. This because in 1914, the eruption caused the former island to be connected with Osumi peninsula by lava flows. Sakurajima is a composite volcano with elevation 1117 meter above sea level, and there is three peaks i.e southern peak (Kita-dake), central peak (Naka-dake), and southern peak (Minami-dake). We also watched a video about how volcanic ash cloud running down after an eruption. Although Sakurajima is an active volcano, the area arounds are still inhabited by the residents. Sakurajima also produces the typical agricultural products such as Sakurajima radish/daikon (the world largest), small orange (world smallest) and loquat (biwa), it is supported by the fertile land around the volcano. In addition, in this lecture, it was also explained about the application of weather radar concept to get more information about ash clouds, ash fall estimation, and ash column. Picture 34. Lecture about Sakurajima with Maki-sensei Photo by. Suzuki-sensei

26 Picture 35. Taking Photo after Finishing All of the Lectures Photo by. Aprilia Korisano and Suzuki-sensei Going to Sakurajima After finished the lecture, we went to Sakurajima by campus bus and ferry. The trip by ferry was for minutes. The scenery along the way to Sakurajima Ferry Terminal (Sakurajima Port) was very beautiful, we was able to see the mountain clearly because it was sunny and bright day. The ferry itself is very fascinating, because there are four levels, where levels one and two are used for the vehicle and the other two levels for passengers. In the lounge for the passengers there are also several food vendors, such as ramen, udon, even ice cream seller. From the top level, we could see the sights of Kagoshima and Sakurajima widely, but because the wind was quite strong and cold weather, we decided to stay in the passenger lounge. Approaching the Sakurajima Port, we went downstairs to the first floor to get back into the bus and continue the journey.

27 Picture 36. Taking Photo in the Bus Before Departing to Sakurajima Photo by. Claudia Tyas Picture 37. At the Upper Level of the Ferry to Sakurajima Photo by.claudia Tyas

28 Picture 38. Sight of Sakurajima from Upper Level of the Ferry Picture 39. Enjoying the Scenery Outside the Window from the Passenger Lounge

29 Picture 40. Suzuki-sensei Explaining About the Vegetation in Sakurajima Picture 41. Approaching the Sakurajima Port Photo by. Meli Triana Devi

30 Visitor Center of Sakurajima Arriving at Sakurajima, we went straight to Sakurajima Visitor Center. At this location we can find explanation of the nature and historical eruption of Sakurajima, through video and diorama. In addition, there is also a diorama of Mount Sakurajima showing three mountain peaks and areas that used to be lava flows, as well as the meeting place between Sakurajima and the mainland to Kirishima city (Sakurajima-guchi). Several forest miniature shows the succession process in Sakurajima, ranging from after the eruption, the emergence of pioneer plants, the formation of the canopy, the emergence of broadleaf species up to the climax of the succession. The souvenir shop at this location sells products from ash and lava of Sakurajima, which is very creative because it is formed into a variety of products such as key chains, earrings, pendants, ornaments, brooches and refrigerator magnets. In addition to the products of ash and lava, there is also the oil for the hair derived from Camellia japonica, which is native plants of Sakurajima. Various postcards with designs of Sakurajima, both photos and paintings are also very interesting. Picture 42. Looking Around in Visitor Centre of Sakurajima Photo by. Suzuki-sensei Yogan Nagisa Park Footbath Right behind the Visitor Center, there is 100 m long foot spa, known as the longest foot bath in Japan. The water is brown due to high content of mineral and sulfur, and the temperature is warm. It was very relaxing, to enjoyed the foot bath and the scenery around, Sakurajima mountain also can be observed clearly from this location. After trying the foot bath, we went to the beach near there. There was a lot of various size rocks, ranging from the size of a fist up to several meters.

31 These stones are actually lava and volcanic ash that hardened after the eruption several years ago. In addition to rocks, the beach is also filled with trees and the remainings of other plants destroyed by the eruption. After that we walked to Hakamagoshi Karasujima Lava Trail, it was through a young forest, characterized by many pines and shrubs. Back to the Visitor Center area, I took time to buy a key chain from Sakurajima lava before returning to the bus to continue the journey. Picture 43. Enjoying the Scenery of Yogan Nagisa Park Picture 44. Trying the Yogan Nagisa Foothbath Photo by. Suzuki-sensei

32 Picture 45. Sight of the Beach Near Yogan Nagisa Park. There was a lot of frozen lava and destroyed tree Picture 46. View from the Upper Level of Hakamagoshi Karasujima Lava Trail Photo by. Suzuki-sensei

33 Hinoshima Megumikan Rest Shop The next stop is a specialities shop of Sakurajima beside the restaurant. In front of the shop there was some Sakurajima radish plants, it was really huge radish. After eating lunch together, we see the local products offered. Various products such as Sakurajima radish, oranges, loquat, vegetables, sweets, snacks, key chain, shirt and others were displayed. Picture 47. The First Time Seeing the Big Sakurajima Radish Photo by. Suzuki-sensei Picture 48. Wild Flower Near Radish Field

34 Picture 49. Having Lunch the Restaurant at Hinoshima Megumikan Rest Shop Photo by. Suzuki-sensei Picture 50. Inside the Specialities Shop Beside the Restaurant

35 Going to Yunohira Observatory This observatory is located on the slope of Sakurajima, at the highest spot where public access is permitted (373 m, 4 th uphill of Sakurajima). At this location we observed Sakurajima from up close, we also realized that there were some barrels at one of Sakurajima slope. According to sensei, those barrels function is to prevent the landslides of sand and ash from the upper slopes of the mountain. From 2 nd level of Yunohira Observatory, we also able to observed whole scenery of Sakurajima, from the coastal, to the forest, and the huge Mount Sakurajima. Picture 51. Sight of Sakurajima from 2 nd Level of Yunohira Observatory. The Barrel at Front Slope of Sakurajima can be Observed Clearly Picture 52. Observing the Mountain Illustration inside the Yunohira Observatory

36 Picture 52. Scenery of Forest and Coastal Area from 2 nd Level of Yunohira Observatory Picture 53. Taking Photo Together in front of Yunohira Observatory Photo by. Aprilia Korisano

37 Kurokami (buried tori) Right after we arrived at Kurokami, the buried tori was directly visible. It was said that the shrine gate was buried 2 m in depth by Taisho eruption. After passed the tori, we can see the oldest forest in Sakurajima surrounding a Shinto shrine. On either side of the road leading to the shrine we was also observed old and huge trees, some are from family Fagaceae. Picture 54. Information Sign to Buried Tori Picture 55. The Buried Tori

38 Picture 56. Shinto Shrine and the Surroundings Old Forest Picture 57. Camellia japonica Plantation at Kurokami

39 Picture 58. The Area Near Buried Tori (Kurokami) Picture 59. Taking Photo Together in front of Buried Tori Photo by.aprilia Korisano

40 Arimura Lava Observatory This observatory lies on top of a lava field formed in 1914, from this location we was able to see the Taisho and Showa lava at the same time. Here we walked through a path where on either side there was a lot of conifer vegetation. In this location we was able to observed different type of vegetation that indicate the different part of lava flow, which also happened at different time. There was also several lava dome, which used by residents and tourist as a shelter when the eruption happens. Picture 60. The Beginning of Arimura Lava Trail Picture 61. Scenery of the Sea from Arimura Lava Observatory

41 Picture 62. Many Coins Put Inside the Crater of this Frozen Lava by the Visitor Photo by. Meli Triana Devi Picture 63. Overview Look of Arimura Lava Observatory. On either side of the path, there was young forest, dominated by conifer

42 Picture 64. Lava Dome, used as a shelter if eruption happened (up) and Suzuki-sensei (below)

43 Picture 65. Walking Through Arimura Lava Trail while Observing the Vegetation and Frozen Lava on Either Side Photo by. Claudia Tyas (up) and Suzuki-sensei (below)

44 Picture 66. Taking Photo Together in front of Sakurajima Name Plank Photo by. Aprilia Korisano Sakurajima Sabo Center At this location there is some information about landslides and sabo (debris flow control). There was nobody inside the building, but we could learn a lot from the posters and interactive video inside. In this location, we was free to took some of volcanic ashes of Sakurajima, there was a container filled by volcanic ashes, a spoon and ziplock plastic to keep it. There was also a map that showed the fatalities due to major volcanic eruptions around the world. From one side of Sabo Center, we was able to see a canal built for volcanic mudflow. Going back to International Residence Hall On our trip back to International Residence Hall, we stop by at Akamizu Observatory Square. There, we took a photo in front of the memorial monument of Sakurajima all-night concert. From this point, we also can see the scenery of Kinko bay and Kagoshima city. Next stop is Karasujima Observatory, this location was made by Taisho lava that buried the sea below, since then the plants grew naturally and vegetated island was made. We also passed the Sakurajima-guchi or the spot that connects Sakurajima and the mainland. The connection was made by Taisho lava, which caused Sakurajima is no longer an island. From the spot, we can see the difference of vegetation at Osumi peninsula and lava area.

45 Picture 67. View of Sabo Center Photo by. Meli Triana Devi Picture 68. Volcanic Mudflow Canal in front of Sabo Center Photo by. Meli Triana Devi

46 Picture 69. Taking Photo in front of Sakurajima All-Night Concert Monument Photo by. Aprilia Korisano Picture 70. Feral Cat in Japan is Bigger and Fluffier Compared to Indonesian Feral Cat (at Karasujima Observatory)

47 Picture 71. Scenery of the Surroundings at Karasujima Observatory Photo by. Claudia Tyas

48 Picture 72. Going Back to Kagoshima Using Ferry Photo by. Suzuki-sensei (up) and Meli Triana Devi (below)

49 4 th DAY (Wednesday, 8 th March 2017) Going to Minamata by Shinkansen For a trip to Kagoshima Chuo Station, we agreed to use the bus. At seven thirty all of us had gathered at the lobby of 1 st International Residence Hall. The ride to the station takes half an hour. We were met Suzuki-sensei at the station, and because there is still time before the shinkansen departure, we look at the speciality shops of Kagoshima souvenirs and food arounds. Then, we went inside to the departure platform and wait for the departure inside the shinkansen. The trip to Shin Minamata Station was so fast, it approximately 30 minutes or less, eventhough Kagoshima city and Minamata city located in different prefecture (Minamata is in Kumamoto prefecture). It was really comfortable inside the shinkansen, there was not even a loud sounds of engine or vibration. There was already a chartered bus when we arrived at Minamata. Picture 73. Inside Kagoshima Chuo Station and Shinkansen (up) and Claudia Tyas (below)

50 Picture 74. Taking Photo Before Going in to Shinkansen Photo by. Suzuki-sensei Picture 75. Inside the Shinkansen Photo by. Aprilia Korisano

51 National Institute for Minamata Disease We was went to National Institute for Minamata Disease by bus, it took less than one hour to get there. We met Yamamoto-sensei at the entrance of the building. Then we went to the rooftop to observe the Minamata bay and Chisso factory location from a far. After that, we get short lecture by Yamamoto-sensei about mercury and its harm for human body, especially in Minamata Disease case. From the lecture we learnt that different form of mercury will has different level of harm depends on the way of exposure and concentration. Elemental mercury (Hg(0)) will be most toxic by inhalation because it is volatile at room temperature. This form of mercury usually harm lungs and nervous system. Different form of mercury, such as inorganic mercury is most toxic by skin contact and harmful for kidney. Other form is inorganic mercury, which formed by environmental conversion by microorganisms. Exposure of this type of mercury usually through gastrointestinal track (ingested), parenteral, and transplacental. This kind of mercury is highly toxic for primary nervous system (acute and chronic toxicity). From this three form of mercury, inorganic and organic mercury is more harmful because it is easier to be combined with amino acid, and after that it is can not be separated. We also learnt about how to calculate the total mercury level inside the body using hair samples. For this experiment, we was headed to the laboratory. Two participants then asked to give the hair samples. After the calculation using a sophisticated machine, it was discovered that the total mercury level of both participant is lower than 0.5, which is still normal. Picture 76. Arrived at Shin Minamata Station Photo by. Suzuki-sensei

52 Picture 77. Inside the Bus to National Institute of Minamata Disease Photo by. Meli Triana Devi Picture 78. Minamata Bay at the Distance from the rooftop of National Institute of Minamata Disease

53 Photo by. Suzuki-sensei Picture 79. Yamamoto-sensei Pointed Out the Location of Minamata Bay and Former Chisso Factory Photo by. Suzuki-sensei

54 Picture 80. Lecture about the Harm of Mercury for Human Body Photo by. Suzuki-sensei Picture 81. Yamamoto-sensei Explaining How to Calculate Total Mercury in Human Body by Using Hair Samples Photo by. Suzuki-sensei

55 Picture 82. Taking Photo with Suzuki-sensei and Yamamoto-sensei in front of National Institute of Minamata Disease Picture 83. The Simulation of How to Calculate Total Mercury in Human Body by Using Hair Samples Photo by. Claudia Tyas

56 Lunch at Yunoko Spain Village After the visits to the museum, we go to Fukuda Farm also known as Yunoko Spain Village to have lunch. This small village is located above hills, so we can see beautiful scenery of the sea and coastlline below. There was also a lot of mandarin / oranges plantations. In this location, there was also a winery which performs grape fermentation to make wine and beer. There was some cherry blossom tree that already blossoming, it was really fascinating.

57 Picture 84. The Scenery Around Yunoko Spain Village Picture 85. Having Lunch at Restaurant in Yunoko Spain Village Photo by. Suzuki-sensei

58 Picture 86. Roman Shiranui Beer Restaurant from a far Photo by. Suzuki-sensei Picture 87. Cherry Blossom Flower Near in Yunoko Spain Village Photo by. Meli Triana Devi

59 Municipal Museum of Minamata Disease Then, we went by bus to Municipal Museum of Minamata Disease. Here, we can learnt about the outbreak and expansion of the disease, uncontrolled factory effluent, how the victims struggles to get compensation, and some memorial for the victims. There was also some photography about the condition in Minamata after the disease outbreak. A simulation to understand how the victims life changed drastically after the disease also provided. Throghout the museum there was a lot of artwork made by the Minamata Disease victims, the artwork or craft making is designed to intensify the victim s ability to use their nervous system. Other than that, in the museum there was also some displays of the organs of cats that were used as subject for early research about dancing cat fever, some footage video of the disease outbreak and sample of elemental mercury.

60 Picture 88. Inside the Municipal Museum of Minamata Disease Photo by. Suzuki-sensei Picture 89. The Artwork by Victims of Minamata Disease Picture 90. Explanation about How Methyl Mercury Entering Human Body from the Aquatic Environment

61 Picture 91. Crafts Made by Victims of Minamata Disease

62 Picture 92. Video About Mercury Contamination at gold Mining in Indonesia Picture 93. Taking Photo in front of Municipal Museum of Minamata Disease Photo by. Aprilia Korisano Crane Park in Izumi City Next sites is in Izumi City, we went back to Kagoshima Prefecture by bus. It took less than two hours to reach Izumi. Just when we entered the Izumi region, statues and figurines of cranes already visible. Several minutes later, we entered area with a lot of paddy field, there was also some of the cranes flying above us or searching for food in the field. Near the Crane Park, the crane sounds is more audible, and shortly after we can see more than hundreds crane in the empty paddy field. Then, we went to Crane Observation Center, near the entrance there was a lot of crane origami and great photos of the crane. On the first floor, there is a cafe where we could observe the crane while drink some hot coffee. But, we did not stayed for long time here. We walked to the second floor to the observatory of crane. There was an exhibition about the cranes, such as the fossil, eggs, pictures and also a preservation of manazuru (white naped crane). At observation room, there is some telescopes and huge glass wall to observes the crane activity. I was tried to observed the cranes by telescope, and it was really amazing. I was able to see the manazuru, sodegurozuru (Siberian crane), and nabekurozuru (common crane) clearly. Other than cranes, there was also a lot of crows and eagles that foraging for foods. In this location, we also able to watch a documentary about how local residents and activist cooperated to maintain the crane population.

63 Picture 94. Crane in Paddy Field from a far

64 Picture 95. Crane Museum with Crane Statues in front of the Building Picture 96. A lot of origami inside the Museum

65 Picture 97. A Corner To Make Your Own Crane Origami (up) and Suzuki-sensei (below)

66 Picture 98. Various Cranes on Paddy Field Below the Observatory Photo by. Ahmad Zaky Nugraha

67 Picture 99. Watching Video About Crane Conservation in the Observatory Photo by. Suzuki-sensei Picture 100. In front of the Crane Museum

68 Photo by. Aprilia Korisano Visit old houses of Samurai in Izumi City Then, we went to Izumi Fumoto, the area of old Samurai residence. There we visited Takezoe s residence and Saisho s residence. The buildings and surroundings in this location is told to be very old, some of them was built more than 200 years ago. Inside the residence that we visited, we saw the huge collection of hina dolls, that uses to celebrated Hinamatsuri or Girl s Day Festival. There was also some traditional clothings, such as kimono, yukata, child clothings, and samurai equipment. The furnace/fireplace is located inside the house, specifically on the center of the room. In the next Samurai house that we visited, there was a performance of traditional music. The scenery and atmosphere in this area was reminded me of some Japanese movie, it was really gives some traditional and ancient feeling. Before we left the location, we took some photo in front of residence gate and photo of some auntie in traditional clothing.

69 Picture 101. Izumi Fumoto (Old Samurai Residence) Area Picture 102. Surroundings of Samurai House in Izumi Fumoto

70 Picture 103. The Interior of The Samurai House

71 Picture 104. Hina Doll for Hinamatsuri Photo by. Suzuki-sensei (up) and Buti Yohenda Christy (below)

72 Picture 105. Traditional Clothings in Old Samurai House

73 Picture 106. Trying The Samurai Clothing Photo by. Suzuki-sensei Picture 107. Taking Photo with Some Woman in Traditional Clothing Photo by. Meli Triana Devi Picture 108. Women in Traditional Clothing

74 Photo 109. In front of the Samurai House in Izumi Photo by. Aprilia Korisano (up) and Yora Nindita (below)

75 Picture 110. Dinner at AZ Hotel Photo by. Suzuki-sensei

76 5 th DAY (Thursday, 9 th March 2017) Tsuruta Dam The next day, we started our trip from AZ Hotel in Izumi, the morning air is really cold and smells like ocean, somehow it is made me reminded about coastal areas in Padang city. After breakfast, we departed to Tsuruta Dam. It was took one hour trip from the hotel to the dam. This dam was built in 1966 for flood control and power regulator, the height of the dam is m with catchment area as 805 km 2. We went to observed the control room of Tsuruta Dam, then we provided with a safety helmet before we used the lift to went downstairs. After reaching the control tunnel below the water level, we walked through the tunnel and observed the structure along with some observation room inside. The tunnel itself consisted of several level, until the deepest part of the dam. After several minutes of observation in the hall, we went to the upper part by lift to watch the dam from above. From the spot above the dam, we was able to observed the lake part and the outlet part, which consisted some water gate and electric generator. There was some repair of construction being done at that time. Picture 111. View of Izumi City from Window of Room in AZ Hotel

77 Picture 112. Taking Photo in front of AZ Hotel Before Departed to Tsuruta Dam Photo by. Yora Nindita Picture 113.Control Room of Tsuruta Dam Photo by. Suzuki-sensei

78 Picture 114. Explanation About Tsuruta Dam Photo by. Suzuki-sensei

79 Picture 115. Wearing Helmet for Protection Before Going to Control Tunnel Photo by. Aprilia Korisano (up) and Suzuki-sensei (below)

80 Picture 116. Inside the Control Tunnel Below The Dam Photo by. Meli Triana Devi

81 Picture 117. Observation and Explanation of Control Tunnel of Tsuruta Dam Photo by. Claudia Tyas

82 Picture 118. Tsuruta Dam from Upper Level Picture 119. Artificial lake of Tsuruta Dam

83 Picture 120. Down Part of Tsuruta Dam Photo by. Claudia Tyas Picture 121. Taking Photo on Upper Side of Tsuruta Dam Photo by. Aprilia Korisano

84 Picture 122. Model of Construction Structure of Tsuruta Dam Control Tunnel Picture 123. Explanation About Tsuruta Dam Structure and Functions as Power Generator and Flood Control

85 Picture 124. Tsuruta Dam from Down Part Picture 125. In front of Tsuruta Dam

86 Sogi Waterfall Afterwards, we went to Sogi Waterfall which is not too far from Tsuruta Dam. On the way, we saw artificial canal which serves to prevent the overflow of Sendai River in the rainy months during the summer. This is a man-made canal, but the designs are made in such a way as to resemble the original conditions. Arriving at Sogi Waterfall, we ordered lunch and while we waited, we went to looks around. At this location there is a bridge that was moved because it reduces the scenic beauty behind the waterfall. The new bridge then made parallel in a location not far from the old bridge. Swift river currents also make the rock on the river edge has holes with a unique shape. Near the restaurant area, there was also a small shrine, which sells some lucky charms (omamori). Picture 126. Man-made Canal Near Sendai River

87 Picture 127. Taking Photo Near Man-made Canal Near Sendai River Photo by. Yora Nindita Picture 128. Building Near Sogi Waterfall Photo by. Claudia Tyas

88 Picture 129. Scenery of Rest Area Near Sogi Waterfall

89 Picture 130. Scenery of Sogi Waterfall

90 Picture 131. Old Bridge (up) and New Bridge (Below) Across Sendai River

91 Picture 132. Carved Rock at the River Edge Picture 133. Shrine Near Sogi Waterfall

92 Picture 134. In front of Sogi Waterfall Photo by. Aprilia Korisano Picture 135. Having Lunch Together at Restaurant Near Sogi Waterfall Photo by. Suzuki-sensei

93 Ebino Plateau in Kirishima National Park After finished lunch, we departed to Kirishima National Park. The trip to the location was took one hour. On the way we saw the snow on the ground and the foliage on either side of the bus. This makes us very excited, because none of the participants ever seen snow before. Other than that we did not expect to get a chance to meet the snow because we came in the early spring. One teaching assistant even said that last month she visited Ebino Plateau, Kirishima National Park with the participants of student exchange and did not see snow at all. The view of snow-covered hills in the distance very beautiful and fascinating. We enjoyed playing in the snow for a few moments before it was to freezing, because of the cold wind and snow falling, and ran into Ebino Eco Museum Center. The museum displayed the vegetation and fauna, ranging from mammals, birds, to insects, which can be found in the area of Kirishima National Park. In addition, in the museum there were some photographs that show the beauty of this area in the atmosphere four distinct seasons. After that we went to Kyushu Nature Trail towards Lake Onami, but we did not walked to far because the snow has melted and made the trail become slippery. Then, we went back to the International Resindence Hall. Picture 136. Snow on the Either Side of the Bus (Near Ebino Plateau) Photo by. Meli Triana Devi

94 Picture 137. Seeing Snow for the First Time Photo by. Suzuki-sensei

95 Picture 138. Taking Photo at Ebino Plateau Photo by.aprilia Korisano (up) and Adzyan (below)

96 Picture 139. Hill Around Ebino Plateau Layered by the Snow Photo by. Meli Triana Devi Picture 140. The Scenery Around Ebino Plateau Photo by. Meli Triana Devi

97 Picture 141. The Scenery Around Ebino Plateau

98 Picture 142. Taking Photo at Kyushu Nature Trail Photo by. Aprilia Korisano Picture 143. Scenery Around Kirishima National Park Photo by. Meli Triana Devi

99 6 th DAY (Friday, 10 th March 2017) Visit Sengan-en Garden The bus was came to International Residence Hall at 9:00 to pick us up. Then we departed to Sengan-en Garden, this location is the former summer villa and garden of the Simadzu clan, rulers of Satsuma domain. The trip to Sengan-en is not too far away, it just about 20 minutes. On the way to the park, I saw a statue of Saigo Takamori who is known as 'local hero' for Kagoshima. After arriving in the Sengan-en, the first thing that caught my attention was Tsurugane Shrine that stands firmly on the right area of the park. After taking care of the admission, we entered the gate of Sengan-en and immediately greeted by a lovely view of the garden with Sakurajima as borrowed scenic beauty. Near the entrance, there is a large cannon that was used as a weapon for defense by Shimadzu clan. There was also a furnace that play a role in iron-making process. Picture 144. Scenery on the Way to Sengan-en from Bus Window Photo by. Claudia Tyas

100 Picture 144. Statue of Saigo Takamori (from Bus Window) Photo by. Meli Triana Devi Picture 145. Tsurugane Shrine at Sengan-en Photo by. Meli Triana Devi

101 Picture 146. Gate Near the Entrance to Sengan-en Photo by. Claudia Tyas Picture 147. Old Canon in Sengan-en. It was used for protection by Shimadzu Clan

102 Picture 148. Model of Reverberatory Furnace of Sengan-en Photo by. Meli Triana Devi Picture 149. Site of Reverberatory Furnace for Shuseikan Project

103 Picture 150. Cherry Blossom Tree (sakura) on Various Location in Sengan-en Photo by. Meli Triana Devi

104 Picture 151. Speciality and Souvenir Shops Inside Sengan-en Walk further into the Sengan-en, we see a copy of Samurai house in the past. On the yard there is equipment used for practicing sword / kendo. In addition to the stunning architecture, in this park there are also many species of flowering plants began to blossom welcoming the spring. In this garden there was also some yellow flowers that I often see along the journey to Izumi. According to Suzuki-sensei, this flower belongs to the Brassicaceae group, and in Japanese is called as nanohana. In this park there is also a large cherry blossom tree who had blooming perfectly.beside of sakura and conifers, in the park there was also groups of Fagaceae trees, plum (ume), bamboo, Camellia japonica, and many Viola odorata (wild violet). The ancient buildings and view of beautiful garden really pleasing to the eye. Some locations in the park is also used as a filming site for historical drama. Picture 152. Taking Photo in front of Cherry Blossom Tree in Sengan-en Photo by. Aprilia Korisano

105 Picture 153. Suzuki-sensei Showed How Samurai Practice Kendo Picture 154. Family Crest of Shimadzu Clan

106 Picture 155. Plastic Bags was Used to Collects Volcanic Ashes when Sakurajima Eruption Happened Photo by. Meli Triana Devi Picture 156. Satsuma Oranges Tree Photo by. Meli Triana Devi

107 Picture 157. Nanohana, wild flower from family Brassicaceae Picture 158. In front of Big Wooden Gate in Sengan-en Photo by. Aprilia Korisano

108 Picture 159. Old Wooden Gate of Shimadzu Clan in Sengan-en Photo by. Meli Triana Devi Picture 160. Vermillion Tin-roofed Gate of Shimadzu Clan s Residence

109 Picture 161. Scenery Inside Sengan-en

110 Picture 162. Senjingan (or very larged rock), this letter carved on the rock Picture 163. Plum (ume) Flower

111 Picture 164. A Canal in Sengan-en

112 Picture 165. Stairway at Sengan-en. This location was used for filming site

113 Picture 166. Plum Tree in front of Traditional House. The post beside the tree is a place for candle or torch to lighter the garden.

114 Picture 167. Flowers in Sengan-en. (Upper left) Wild Violet, (Upper right) Maple Seedling, (Below) Narcissus

115 Picture 168. Konan Bamboo Groove Photo by. Meli Triana Devi Picture 169. Kyokusui Garden, location for Kyokusui no En -- a poetry composition party Photo by. Meli Triana Devi

116 Picture 170. Cat Shrine in Sengan-en Photo by. Meli Triana Devi

117 Kagakukan (Kagoshima Municipal Science Hall) Departed from Sengan-en, we went to Kagoshima Municipal Science Hall. This place is used for public education about science in general. Entered the hall, we as greeted by huge Focault s Pendulum and a diorama of outer space. There was several part, such as geology, astronomy, natural science, and physic. In geology and meteorology part, we tried the earthquake and typhoon simulation. Then we went to astronomy section that provided rocket launcher experiment, astronaut photo booth, and diorama of sun and other planet s structure. Overall this Science Hall is more often visited by elementary school students or family with kids, but we still had a lot of fun with all the exhibition. Picture 171. Taking Photo in front of Kagakukan Photo by. Aprilia Korisano Picture 172. Inside Kagoshima Municipal Science Hall Photo by. Meli Triana Devi

118 Picture 173. Trying the Green Screen in Kagoshima Municipal Science Hall Photo by. Suzuki-sensei

119 Tenmonkan and Going Back to Korimoto Campus From Kagakukan, we went to a restaurant near Kagoshima Chuo Station to have lunch. It was quite crowded, because we came right at lunchtime, and we had to queue to get a seat. After we had lunch, we went to Tenmonkan by tram. We spent three hours to exploring Tenmonkan and bought some souvenir to bring back home. Then, we went back to Korimoto Campus by tram for filling some short report. Picture 174. Exploring Tenmonkan Photo by. Meli Triana Devi

120 Farewell Party in Restaurant in Korimoto Campus After we finished making our report about the program, we went to the restaurant across the General Education Building. There was already some food served, we waited for others sensei that gave us lectures at the 2 nd day. The party was very fun, we talked about our impression of the program, and most of us told that the most impressive moments is when we see the snow. Suzuki-sensei also showed some photo slides from the 1 st day of our arrival until the 6 th day. After finished eating and chatting, we went back to International Residence Hall by walking. Picture 175. Farewell Party at Korimoto Campus Photo by. Suzuki-sensei Picture 176. Taking Photo with Suzuki-sensei and Other Participants from Andalas University

121 7 th DAY (Saturday, 11 th March 2017) Going back to Indonesia We departed from International Residence Hall at 7:30 to Kagoshima Airport by taxi. After we arrived at the airport, we went straight to check in counter with Suzuki-sensei. Then we said goodbye to Suzuki-sensei and entered the waiting lounge for departure to Tokyo Haneda. The flight from Kagoshima to Haneda lasted for 1 hour 40 minutes (from 09: ). From Haneda airport we rode direct bus to Narita airport, the trip was took approximately two hours. Afterward, we checked in for the flight back to Jakarta and dropped off our baggages. Because we still had some time left before the departure, we had lunch together and look arounds the airport. The flight from Narita to Jakarta scheduled at 17:55 and lasted for 8 hour. We arrived at Soekarno-Hatta Airport in Jakarta at midnight, after then we took a rest. At 1:00 in the morning, we was parted and going back to our hometown. The whole program was very impressive and I keep feeling so fortunate to got this opportunity. Thank a lot for JST, Kagoshima University, Suzuki-sensei, and the whole staff that made this program happened and succeded. I will share the information and experiences that I gained from this program to my colleagues, university, and people in my country. Picture 177. Departure to Kagoshima Airport from International Residence Hall Photo by. Suzuki-sensei

122 Picture 178. At Kagoshima Airport, in front of Jomonsugi (Big Japanese Cedar) Photo Photo by. Suzuki-sensei

123 OTHER PHOTO Picture 179. In front of Kagoshima University Name Board Photo by. Claudia Tyas (up) and Meli Triana Devi (below)