South West Region CORNWALL 3/1270 (E.15.E005) SX

Transcription

1 CORNWALL Caradon 3/1270 (E.15.E005) SX CHURCH OF ST JAMES THE GREAT, ST KEW Church of St James the Great, St Kew, Cornwall Gossip, J Truro : Cornwall Archaeological Unit, 2001, 13pp, figs, tabs, refs The archaeological watching brief for the developments at the Church of St James the Great uncovered foundations. These foundations were for parts of the church, the tower and part of the nave that may have dated to an earlier phase of the church. [Au(abr)]. Archaeological periods represented: MD 3/1271 (E.15.E018) SX SX KINGSAND TO CAWSAND Kingsand to Cawsand Sewage Transfer Pipeline, Cornwall. Archaeological Watching Brief Jones, A Truro : Cornwall Archaeological Unit, 2001, 49pp, figs, refs The archaeological watching brief recorded seven sections cut through field boundaries along the route of the corridor. These boundaries produced evidence within their structure for how they developed from the medieval period to the present day. A Neolithic flint scatter was identified which was thought to have been the result of a short term or seasonal use c.3000 BC. A large assemblage of post-medieval artefacts was recovered from the corridor, which was associated with the development of the historic settlements of Kingsand and Crawsand. [Au(abr)] Archaeological periods represented: MD, NE, PM 3/1272 (E.15.E003) SX ST WYLLOW CHURCH, LANTEGLOS BY FOWEY St Wyllow Church, Lanteglos by Fowey, Cornwall Jones, A and Thorpe, C Truro : Cornwall Archaeological Unit, 2001, 16pp, figs, refs The watching brief was carried out on the hillside north west of the church. At the east end of the church, layers included building rubble, some of which was perhaps early 20th century, which masked and protected early layers and a burial. This suggested that the archaeological potential around the church remained high. [Au(abr)]. Archaeological periods represented: UD 3/1273 (E.15.E014) SX TREGAYS FARM, NEAR LOSTWITHIEL Tregays Farm, Near Lostwithiel, Cornwall. Archaeological Watching Brief Thorpe, C Truro : Cornwall Archaeological Unit, 2001, 8pp, figs, refs 1

2 The development site lay within Anciently Enclosed Land. No archaeological features were encountered during the archaeological watching brief though the range of artefacts found reflected a long history of land use here. Sherds of medieval and later pottery probably represented midden material from Tregays, but two earlier sherds suggested that there was an Iron Age and/or Romano- British settlement in the vicinity [Au(abr)]. Archaeological periods represented: IA, MD, PM, RO Carrick 3/1274 (E.15.E011) SW HALF MOON BATTERY, PENDENNIS CASTLE Half Moon Battery, Pendennis Castle, Cornwall Johns, C Truro : Cornwall Archaeological Unit, 2001, 12pp, figs, refs The watching brief was carried out during the groundworks of resurfacing the hardstanding area. The excavations uncovered the remains of a former building which was likely to have been the remains of the Care and Maintenance structures used during [Au(abr)] Archaeological periods represented: MO 3/1275 (E.15.A003) SW SARACEN'S WAY, PENRYN Saracen's Way, Penryn. An Archaeological Watching Brief Lawson Jones, A Truro : Cornwall Archaeological Unit, 2001, 15pp, figs, tabs, refs An archaeological watching brief was undertaken to the immediate north-west of Glasney College SAM, on the northern bank of a small tributary of the Fal, which formed the parish boundary. The watching brief was undertaken on the construction of a new sewage outfall. The development lay within an area of high archaeological potential adjacent to the medieval site of Glasney College, just beyond the north-western periphery of the Scheduled Area. The site lay beyond the college precinct, but within land containing potential contemporary medieval or earlier remains. No features of archaeological significance were revealed during the watching brief though it was clear that the ground had seen recent disturbance and landscaping via former culverting etc. Late post-medieval/modern sherds of pottery, glass and metal waste were recorded during the topsoil stripping and trenching work. [Au(abr)] Archaeological periods represented: MO 3/1277 (E.15.E017) SW ST. MAWES CASTLE St. Mawes Castle Archaeological Recording During Repairs Johns, C Truro : Cornwall Archaeological Unit, 2001, 26pp, figs, refs 2

3 The works involving St. Mawes Castle revealed a modern drainage pipe. Attendance at the opening and entering of the small underground magazine found it to be in a good state of repair. [Au(abr)] 3/1278 (E.15.A001) SW THE DRY DOCK, LITTLE FALMOUTH YACHT YARD, FLUSHING, FALMOUTH The Dry Dock, Little Falmouth Yacht Yard, Flushing, Falmouth, and Cornwall. Archaeological Survey and Historical Assessment Sturgess, J Truro : Cornwall Archaeological Unit, 2001, 20pp, pls, figs, refs Cornwall Archaeological Unit was commissioned to carry out archaeological recording of the dry dock. Planning permission was sought to backfill the dry dock in order to create an area of hardstanding. The study included a desk-based assessment involving historic research into both the structure and its immediate environment; fieldwork in the form of a detailed measured survey, a photographic record and appropriate notes and sketches to describe the structure; followed by creation of a site archive and the production of this report. The condition set out as part of the planning permission requested excavation of the base of the dock to establish the nature of the flooring. This aspect of the study could not be safely undertaken due to the instability of the ground and depth of the estuarine silts. The dry dock was a Grade II Listed Building. [Au(abr)] Carrick, Kerrier 3/1279 (E.15.E008) SW SW ST DAY TO REDRUTH St Day to Redruth Gas Main Pipeline. An Archaeological Watching Brief Jones, A L Truro : Cornwall Archaeological Unit, 2001, 127pp, figs, tabs, refs The watching brief of the gas main pipeline route resulted in the collection of detailed information on field patterns and historic boundaries, both extant and removed. Previously unknown areas of later prehistoric, Romano-British or early settlement in at least two locations were identified. Scatters of medieval pottery provided evidence of the main areas of medieval activity. Other finds of prehistoric flints provided evidence of how the area was used in the Neolithic and Bronze Age. In addition, concentrations of below ground mining remains, provided details of features associated with known mines. [Au(abr)] Archaeological periods represented: MD, MO, PM, PR, RO Kerrier 3/1280 (E.15.A004) SW ALMA PLACE, REDRUTH Alma Place, Redruth (The Cornwall Centre). Archaeological and Historic Building Recording Johns, C, Berry, E & Gossip, J Truro : Cornwall Archaeological Unit, 2001, 53pp, pls, figs, tabs, refs 3

4 A programme of archaeological and historical investigations and recording was carried out in advance of a redevelopment scheme. The work was done in three stages. In the first stage a detailed programme of research was carried out into the history of the site. The Alma Place frontage was built in 1880 on the site of an early 19th century Baptist Chapel; behind the frontage was the old Meat Market, built in 1878 on the site of an earlier (1829) Market House and later used as a furniture warehouse. The buildings were gutted by fire in 1982 and had remained derelict since then. During this stage a preworks photographic record of the building was made. During the second stage CAU excavated three trial trenches in the old Meat Market. The evaluation demonstrated that the granite carriageway, drains and pillar bases of the 1878 Meat Market survived just below the existing concrete floor of the furniture warehouse, although the butchers' stalls had been removed. Evaluation work was not carried out in the frontage buildings because of health and safety reasons. The third stage consisted of further recording. In the light of the evaluation trenches, a large sample area of the old Meat Market carriageway was uncovered and recorded by CAU. Some of the granite flagstones and drainage channels were salvaged for re-use elsewhere in Redruth. A watching brief maintained during construction work recorded that below the Meat Market floor was a make-up layer of rubble and clay over the truncated natural subsoil. In the street frontage buildings the nature of the construction works limited the value of the watching brief, the below ground deposits being described as rubble backfill in disused cellars. Eric Berry took further photographs of the interior elevations at an early stage in the site works. [Au(abr)] 3/1281 (E.15.E007) SW SW DRY TREE TO LIZARD ROAD Dry Tree to Lizard Road Water Main Renewal 1999 Archaeological Recording Johns, C Truro : Cornwall Archaeological Unit, 2001, 35pp, figs, tabs, refs The water main renewal pipeline did not disturb any significant archaeological deposits or features. The cartographic evidence and the field boundaries recorded indicated a landscape farmed since the medieval period and in addition medieval settlements were located near to the pipeline. The flint pebbles recovered may have been indicative of prehistoric presence [Au(adp)]. Archaeological periods represented: MO, PM, UD 3/1282 (E.15.E019) SW GODOLPHIN Godolphin Water and Electrical Supplies, Godolophin, Cornwall. Archaeological Watching Brief Cole, R Truro : Cornwall Archaeological Unit, 2001, 25pp, figs, refs The archaeological watching brief recorded a number of features including ditches and a series of pits and hollows, none of which contained artefactual evidence to provide dates. Some of the hollows were quite irregular and might not have been archaeological in origin. A spread of granite pieces was recorded in Little Carslewye, close to a single sherd of Iron Age or Romano-British pottery. Given its location near to Carsluick Round the stone spread may have represented activity contemporary with the enclosure. Prehistoric, 13th century and post-medieval pottery were also recovered. [Au(abr)] Archaeological periods represented: IA, MD, PM, PR, RO, UD 3/1283 (E.15.E022) SW

5 MARSHALL'S SHAFT Marshall's Shaft. An Archaeological Watching Brief Lawson-Jones, A Truro : Cornwall Archaeological Unit, 2001, 28pp, figs, refs Archaeological remains and features were found at a number of locations. A boundary shaft and small tunnel or rising were located. Deposits of mine waste were found all around. Two adjoining tunnels with a rectangular sunken area were recorded along with a tunnel and walls. A probable stone and timber constructed waterway or launder was discovered and a further tunnel was investigated. [Au(abr)] 3/1284 (E.15.E009) SW WHEAL HARRIET SHAFT, DOLCOATH Wheal Harriet Shaft, Dolcoath. An Archaeological Recording During Site Investigation Works Buck, C Truro : Cornwall Archaeological Unit, 2001, 26pp, figs, refs The assessment recorded the remaining foundations of the Wheal Harriet (Dolcoath), Lower Pengegon and features within it, such as the horizontal steam winder. The location of the Adit Shaft was uncovered and the winding engine house was assessed. [Au(adp)] North Cornwall 3/1285 (E.15.E012) SX FORE STREET, BODMIN Archaeological Recording at No 26 Fore Street, Bodmin, Cornwall Whitton, C J M Exeter : Exeter Archaeology, 2001, 14pp, pls, figs, refs Work undertaken by: Exeter Archaeology In the property comprised a house with its curtilage and garden at the rear. Archaeological survival appeared to be limited to an area within the eastern side of the existing premises. The presence of a small number of probable flagstones was suggestive of a more extensive floor. The underlying material, which contained the rim of a medieval cooking pot and several charred cereal grains, may have represented medieval occupation, but there was insufficient evidence for this to be more than a tenuous interpretation. [Au(abr)] 3/1287 (E.15.A006) SW BEAR'S DOWNS WIND FARM Bear's Downs Wind Farm, Cornwall. Archaeological Watching Brief Thorpe, C Truro : Cornwall Archaeological Unit, 2001, 33pp, figs, tabs, refs 5

6 An archaeological watching brief took place on the construction of a wind farm. An earlier geophysical survey had identified several areas of potential archaeological interest. Prehistoric use of the area was illustrated by the presence of a series of Bronze Age barrows running along Bear's Down and Denzell Downs, plus large scatters of flint which had been picked up in fields to the southwest. Six boundaries were breached by the wind farm, three of them of probable medieval origin. The project area was within an area of former heathland, enclosed and improved in the 18th and 19th centuries classified as being Recently Enclosed Land. Fields in this area were notably large and the majority of them were known to post-date the 1840s. A Second World War radar station dating to c.1940 was located at the eastern end of the proposed project area. No features of archaeological interest were observed within the areas that were stripped of topsoil. Non of the anomalies identified by the geophysical survey were recognised apart from several removed post-medieval double-ditched boundaries. This could have been due to the local geology affecting the results of the survey. It was noted that there were numerous bands of iron rich shillet and pockets of manganese. Breaches through each of the hedge boundaries were recorded. Examination of these confirmed the pattern being that of large upland medieval boundaries incorporated within post-medieval field systems as land holding intensified. This was evidenced by the older boundaries exhibiting greater complexity with more than two phases of construction. Features of the WWII radar station affected by the project were recorded. These included the concrete pedestal bases for a wooden receiving tower or gantry and an air raid shelter. Within Turbine base 14 a rectangular area of compacted shillet connected to the radar receiving tower by communication cable was recognised as being the footprint of a removed building, possibly the radarreceiving block. The lack of features and finds was consistent with a long history of relatively marginal use of the area as heathland or downland. [Au(abr)] Archaeological periods represented: MD, MO, PM, UD 3/1289 (E.15.E002) SS CROOKLETS BEACH CABLE LAYING, BUDE Crooklets Beach Cable Laying, Bude Cole, R Truro : Cornwall Archaeological Unit, 2001, 35pp, figs, refs The watching brief located a range of organic and other deposits, including wood fragments. Analysis of pollen and plant macrofossil remains taken from within the modern beach provided evidence of a complex range of plant communities in existence from around the Neolithic into the Early Bronze Age. The data indicated different types of local environment at the eastern end of the modern beach which was wetter and more open, followed by the development of woodland in the area. [Au(abr)] Archaeological periods represented: NE 3/1290 (E.15.E025) SW ST CONSTANTINE'S CHAPEL, ST MERRYN St. Constantine's Chapel, St Merryn, Cornwall. Archaeological Survey Gossip, J Truro : Cornwall Archaeological Unit, 2001, 9pp, figs, refs The EDM survey succeeded in producing the required plans, elevations and profiles of the chapel ruins. [Au(abr)] 3/1292 (E.15.A007) SX ST. LEONARD'S HOSPITAL, LAUNCESTON 6

7 St. Leonard's Hospital, Launceston, Cornwall. An Archaeological Watching Brief Muir, J Truro : Cornwall Archaeological Unit, 2001, 11pp, figs, tabs, refs An archaeological watching brief was undertaken in order to fulfil conditions set for planning consent ahead of flood defence works. The development lay in an area of high archaeological potential, close to the supposed site of St. Leonard's Leper Hospital. Previous excavation to the north-west of the site had located the leper burial ground associated with the hospital. No features of archaeological significance were revealed during the watching brief though it was clear that the ground had been artificially raised and levelled, most probably during earlier flood defence works. Several sherds of post-medieval pottery were recovered during the trenching. [Au(abr)] Penwith 3/1293 (E.15.E001) SW BREA DOWNS TO DOWRAN COMMON, ST JUST Brea Downs to Dowran Common, St Just, Cornwall Cole, R Truro : Cornwall Archaeological Unit, 2001, 54pp, figs, refs The fieldwork included the investigation of narrow topsoil strips, some limited boundary recording and the investigation of mining remains. Identified features included flints of Mesolithic and Neolithic date and two ditches of Iron Age/Romano British origin, contemporary with a fortified (round) enclosure to the south-east of Dowran. Medieval and post-medieval artefacts were also recovered, along with agricultural features and evidence of later mining. [Au(abr)] Archaeological periods represented: IA, MD, ME, NE, PM 3/1294 (E.15.A005) SW LANYON QUOIT, MEN AN TOL The Cleaning of Lanyon Quoit Men an Tol Preston-Jones, A Truro : Cornwall Archaeological Unit, 2001, 15pp, pls, figs, refs On the night of November 5th 1999, Lanyon Quoit and the Men an Tol were vandalised. An inflammable mixture of polystyrene dissolved in petrol (a crude napalm) was poured over the stones and ignited. This substance solidified to leave a hard, shiny, resin-like material adhering to the stones, with associated soot-blackening. 18 months later, natural weathering and visitors' finger nails had removed some of this residue, but the majority remained. This was carefully removed by hand, mainly using dental tools, in June 2001, in a project organised for the owners (the National Trust and the Bolitho Estate) by CAU, with funding from English Heritage, Penwith District Council, the Cornwall Heritage Trust, and Cornwall County Council. Lanyon Quoit was a SAM, Cornwall number 3, and was site number in CAU's Historic Environment Record. Men an Tol was SAM Cornwall 56 and in CAU's HER. [Au] 3/1295 (E.15.E016) SW SW PERRANUTHNOE TO ST. HILARY Perranuthnoe to St. Hilary SWW Sewage Transfer Pipeline. An Archaeological Watching Brief 7

8 Lawson-Jones, A Truro : Cornwall Archaeological Unit, 2001, 73pp, figs, refs The principle results of the watching brief were the identification of three prehistoric flint scatters and the recording of cross sections through strongly lynchetted fields at the southern end of the pipeline, which may have been prehistoric. Other artefacts included three sherds of Iron Age pottery, medieval pottery, clay pipes and glass. Of the 19 features recorded approximately half represented post-medieval pit like features and depressions. Four ditch cuts, two stone alignments and a remnant lynchet probably related to former boundaries. A post-medieval trackway was also identified [Au(abr)]. Archaeological periods represented: IA, MD, PM, PR 3/1296 (E.15.E004) SW ST FELICITAS CHURCH, PHILLACK St Felicitas Church, Phillack, Cornwall Thorpe, C Truro : Cornwall Archaeological Unit, 2001, 45pp, figs, tabs, refs An archaeological watching brief was carried out at St Felicitas Church and identified on old land surface probably early medieval in date, producing 11th century pottery. Details of two coffin burials and a charnel pit were recorded as post dating the early medieval landscaping of the churchyard. Three floor levels were recognised. The upper layer was found with traces of mortar and tile dating to around the late 13th and 14th centuries. This implied that the lower floor layers were earlier. Landscaping in 1826 probably involved the clearance of medieval graves in this area. [Au(abr)] Archaeological periods represented: MD, PM 3/1297 (E.15.E026) SW ST LEVAN'S WELL St Levan's Well. Archaeological Conservation Work Preston-Jones, A Truro : Cornwall Archaeological Unit, 2001, 18pp, figs, refs Conservation work was undertaken on the well. During the works it was discovered that on a previous unrecorded phase of restoration, probably in the mid 1970s, the structure had been solidly concreted together with a mix incorporating roadstone chippings from the Penlee Quarry. [Au(abr)] 3/1298 (E.15.A002) SW TREWERN ROUND, MADRON Trewern Round, Madron, Cornwall. Conservation Works Preston-Jones, A Truro : Cornwall Archaeological Unit, 2001, 14pp, pls, figs, refs Within the last ten years, there had been a significant decline in the condition of Trewern Round in Madron (SAM Cornwall 728). A change in tenants, associated with a change in farming practice lead from its former use as a hay meadow to a situation in which the round became a redundant element in a predominantly vegetable-growing regime. As a result, it became increasingly overgrown with blackthorn, gorse and bracken, and increasingly difficult to appreciate. Because this was such an 8

9 excellent and well-preserved example of an Iron Age/Romano-British round (an enclosed, defended settlement), it was decided that the decline should be reversed. In October 2001, scrub was cleared by Nathan Thornton and Adrian Thomas. At the same time, a redundant gateway was blocked with a fourmetre length of Cornish hedge, into which a stile was incorporated to allow continued access. The scrub clearance revealed the earthworks of platforms within the enclosure that may have represented the remains of former house-sites. Following the clearance of scrub, the monument would require regular and careful monitoring to ensure that the improvement was maintained. To this end a management agreement was concluded with the owner, the Bolitho Estate. [Au(abr)] Archaeological periods represented: IA Restormel 3/1300 (E.15.E013) SX NORTH STREET, LOSTWITHIEL Summary of Archaeological Recording at 4 North Street, Loswithiel, Cornwall Passmore, A J Exeter : Exeter Archaeology, 2001, 1p Work undertaken by: Exeter Archaeology The archaeological observations identified a 19th century layer possibly related to the construction of outhouses. A large quantity of post-medieval pottery was also found within this layer reflecting postmedieval activity in the vicinity. It was possible that earlier archaeological deposits survived below. [Au(abr)] 3/1301 (E.15.E010) SW ST MAWGAN IN PYDAR CHURCH St Mawgan In Pydar Church, Cornwall Thorpe, C Truro : Cornwall Archaeological Unit, 2001, 71pp, figs, tabs, refs The watching brief undertaken at the St Mawgan in Pydar church identified that the church retained evidence of a cruciform church built in the 13th century. It was thought to have been an early medieval ecclesiastical site, but no evidence of this was found during excavations. Details of 17 graves containing at least 20 individuals were recorded which post dated the 13th century building and predated the building of the vestry [Au(adp)]. Archaeological periods represented: UD 9