FAA Safety Seminar FAAST Team. ADS-B (Automatic Dependent Surveillance Broadcast) What is it and what s it going to cost me?

Transcription

1 FAA Safety Seminar FAAST Team ADS-B (Automatic Dependent Surveillance Broadcast) What is it and what s it going to cost me? Richard Wetherald January 10, 2018 Delaware, OH YMCA 1

2 Focus is on GA piston aircraft Disclaimer Jet-A burners have a different situation Dollar amounts are broad estimates The market is changes rapidly Every plane s situation is different No particular solution is recommended Garmin and ForeFlight are what the presenter knows Other solutions are available, too No claim of factual accuracy The viewer is solely responsible for choices FAR 91.3 applies You make your own choices in this life I am not responsible for your choices 2

3 Agenda Goal of the presentation Decision tree What is ADS-B? Where is ADS-B-Out required? Why equip now? What services come with ADS-B-In? ADS-B-In FIS-B data update rates and altitudes Equipment choice overview, including Installed interfaces to tablet ADS-B-In Diversity Cost Selection decision tree Additional resources Slides on Resources tab at bottom 3

4 Takeaways Decision is complex. Needs thoughtful study Not every plane will need ADS-B but will become limited BasicMed 18,000 foot altitude limit of may influence your ADS-B choice. ADS-B will likely cost $2-5K at minimum Shop slots become increasingly constrained ADS-B equipage deadline is 12/31/2019 Some ADS-B vendors have not survived 4

5 Goal for today A Decision Tree Questions and actions discussed in the presentation Have an electrical system? Want to fly in ADS-B airspace? Have WAAS GPS already? Have a display? Factor in tablet Meet mandate only? Want more than the mandate? Do you fly in 1090 airspace? Do you want panel mount ADS-B-In? start Decision Yes Action Do you want hardwired Wireless or Bluetooth? Do you want diversity? No Action 5

6 What is ADS-B? 6

7 What is ADS-B? 7

8 What does ADS-B Provide? Decrease dependence on radar, fill in gaps of radar FAA says $950M/year will be reduced by 2/3 as radars are turned off Opinion skin paint radar is likely to remain at a minimum Broadcast of precise aircraft position and performance data to ATC and to other aircraft Improved ATC speed, efficiency and spacing Provide free weather and traffic information to pilots Pilot sees what the controller sees 8

9 What is ADS-B? ADS-B-Out is required, ADS-B-In is optional ADS-B-Out provides position and performance information to the ATC system and to other ADS-B participants. Meets the mandate ADS-B-In provides traffic (*see later slide) and weather information to pilots. Two frequencies 1090 MHz - (Extended Squinter) 1090ES Transponder frequency TSO C166b 978 MHz (Universal Access Transceiver) UAT TSO C154c Why two frequencies? 1090 mode-s already in use by air carriers but bandwidth is limited Would not support the anticipated 2-3X data increase in aircraft volume. 978 offers more bandwidth for TIS-B (Traffic Information Services - Broadcast) and FIS-B (Flight Information Services - Broadcast - weather, notams, etc.) 9

10 What is ADS-B? 2 frequencies compared sorry about the poor image it s a screenshot 1090 doesn t have enough bandwidth to expand 1090 MHz 978 MHz From FreeFlight ADS-B University chapter 2 10

11 ADS-B What is ADS-B? See the referenced Avidine presentation for detail on how ADS-B works ADS-B ADS-R 11

12 ADS-B coverage 500 AGL 12

13 ADS-B coverage 1500 AGL 13

14 ADS-B coverage 3000 AGL 14

15 ADS-B coverage 5000 AGL 15

16 Where is ADS-B-Out required? 14CFR ADS-B-Out is required in and above the following airspace Class A Class B mode C vail and above Non-electrical system OK to fly below Class B and mode C veil (e) Class C and above Class E above 10,000 but not below 2,500 AGL at higher elevations Class E above 3,000 over the Gulf of Mexico within 12 nm of shore Altitude limits Above FL ES is mandatory Below FL180, may use either 978 UAT or 1090ES, your choice Like a transponder, ADS-B-Out equipment must be turned on International flight 1090ES mandatory in countries requiring ADS-B ADS-B-Out is NOT required: For aircraft without an electrical system In class D, E (parts not listed above), G airspace 16

17 Where is ADS-B-Out required? AC AC

18 Can you fly 903 nm direct from Yuma, Colorado 2V6 to OSU at 9,500 without ADS-B? 18

19 Can you fly 903 nm direct from Yuma, Colorado 2V6 to OSU at 9,500 without ADS-B? Yes No Class B No Mode C vail No Class C < 10,000 MSL 19

20 Can you depart OSU N or W at up to 9,999 MSL without ADS-B? 20

21 Can you depart OSU N or W at up to 9,999 MSL without ADS-B? Yes 21

22 Can you depart OSU E at 3,000 MSL without ADS-B? 22

23 Can you depart OSU E at 3,000 MSL without ADS-B? No 23

24 Can you depart OSU W outside CMH Class C then fly SW to Sporty s without ADS-B? 24

25 Can you depart OSU W outside CMH Class C then fly SW to Sporty s without ADS-B? No 25

26 Can a Champ fly W out of OSU outside CMH Class C then SW at up to 9,999 MSL to Sporty s without ADS-B? 26

27 Can a Champ fly W out of OSU outside CMH Class C then SW at up to 9,999 MSL to Sporty s without ADS-B? Yes (e) 27

28 Can a Champ with a handheld radio fly W out of OSU outside CMH Class C then SW at up to 3,400 MSL to Lunken without ADS-B? 28

29 Can a Champ with a handheld radio fly W out of OSU outside CMH Class C then SW at up to 3,400 MSL to Lunken without ADS-B? Yes (e) 29

30 When is ADS-B-Out required? ADS-B-Out is required after 12/31/2019 Will the date slip? FAA has said they have given the public 10 years to comply. No, the date will not slip, says the FAA. Airlines requested an extension for 6,000 airliners with non-waas The airlines may or may not garner an extension because of their political power Pundits say even if airlines get relief, GA won t Opinion: ADS-B reduces the cost of ATC to the federal government, transferring cost to users. The government is motivated to maintain the date. A similar thing happened as the FAA migrated from expensive ground based instrument approaches ($1M+ per ILS) and relatively inexpensive cockpit equipment (few $K) to inexpensive GPS RNAV approaches ($50K each) that require expensive IFR certified GPSs (~$10K and up). (note: RNAV IAPs now outnumber ILS approaches.) The cost of IAP equipment was transferred from FAA ground based equipment to the aircraft owner s cockpit. The same appears to be happening for aircraft separation. 30

31 Why equip sooner than later? Shop appointments will become constrained After the deadline, some will become grounded or limited to non-ads-b airspace Potential universe of GA aircraft = 160,000 Ref: Flying Mag 12/2016 ~ 60,000 GA won t equip (guess) ~ 34,400 GA have ADS-B-Out today 12/01/2017 Ref ~ 65,600 GA yet to equip all competing for shop slots! While costs of the hardware may (or may not) decline, labor costs will likely increase. Two ways slots are already a constraint - Installation requires about a week at minimum, depending Owners use the opportunity to make other changes, further elongating each slot. Slots will fill up. Shops may charge a premium for slots. See traffic before it ruins your whole day. The best reason. (See 31the next slide for a wake up call.)

32 When do you need a traffic picture? Now! DLZ 13 aircraft within 10nm of mine!! MRT 13 aircraft within 10nm of mine!! OSU May 9, :17 EDT 32

33 When do you need a traffic picture? Now! Or Sooner! DLZ 13 aircraft within 10nm of mine!! MRT OSU 13 aircraft within 10nm of mine!! There were even more within 15 nm There were even more within 15 nm UYF TZR May 9, :17 EDT 33

34 What aircraft require ADS-B-Out? See 14CFR , Aircraft with electrical systems and operating in ADS-B airspace Not required Aircraft without electrical systems Aircraft operating in Class D, E (as noted) and G Aircraft in countries where ADS-B is not required 34

35 ADS-B-In Weather Flight Information System B (FIS-B) only on 978 Not available on 1090 Weather products provided (by WSI) Nexrad Conus, Regional all products METARs all products TAF all products Winds aloft TFR Sigmet/Airmet AFD Fuel price Etc. 35

36 ADS-B-In Weather future data Echo tops Cloud tops Icing now-cast One Minute Observations - (OMO) Lightening Digital ATIS (D-AIS) 36

37 FIS-B Product update rates Legal Note: Weather could be up to 20+ minutes old including source composition time. ADS-B is not to be used for tactical decisions. Generalize: Nexrad 2.5 minutes Important text 5 minutes Less frequently changing 10 minutes Conus 15 minutes Appareo Stratus manual and AIM

38 FIS-B Product altitudes Appareo Stratus manual and AIM

39 ADS-B-In Traffic Traffic Information System B (TIS-B) is on both 1090 and 978 Air to air traffic among participating ADS-B aircraft Traffic when in line-of-sight of a ADS-R ground station and your ADS-B-Out aircraft Traffic must have at least a transponder (and turned on) From the ground, TIS-R rebroadcasts input from both frequencies, 1090 and 978 Note the giant caveat The Puck. (next slide) Warning 39

40 Two ways to see traffic: 1. Plane to plane ADS-B to ADS-B 2. Rebroadcast from ground Traffic with ADS-B Out and In The Hockey Puck 3 scenarios you have: 1. ADS-B Out & In 2. ADS-B Out only 3. ADS-B In only With ADS-B-In only you will see traffic if you are piggybacking someone else s puck (or yours) ADS-B out aircraft See the referenced Avidine presentation for detail on how ADS-B works ADS-R ADS-B Out activates retransmission of ADS-B-In traffic from the ground ADS-R Non-ADS-B traffic must be in radar environment 40

41 ADS-B-In Traffic Traffic information will be seen on your installed system and supporting tablet system - with the following conditions (+/-) altitude and radius - the hockey puck (see previous slide) ADS-B-Out in your aircraft All transponder equipped traffic, whether the they have ADS-B-Out, Mode S, or Mode C (assumes radar environment and within range of ADS-R ground-based tower) Or ADS-B-Out in nearby aircraft Within the other aircraft s hockey puck, then same as above Traffic must have a transponder turned on Will never see that Taylorcraft BC12-D, J3 Cub or Champ 7AC Will never see that pilot who does not turn on the transponder Traffic without ADS-B-Out that is outside radar coverage would not be seen Without these conditions, relying on ADS-B-In traffic is incomplete and DANGEROUS Warning 41

42 ADS-B Equipment Choices 42

43 Equipment choices ADS-B-Out only Meet the ADS-B-Out mandate only - overview Besides legality, no benefit for the pilot 978 (Universal Access Transceiver) UAT WAAS GPS source needed May require a different altitude encoder 1090ES transponder WAAS GPS source needed May require a different altitude encoder Transponder in-model upgrade may be available No display required Because no weather or traffic is provided Could use a tablet application for ADS-B-In with Software - ForeFlight, Garmin Pilot, WingX, FlyQ, etc. Hardware Stratus, Scout, Garmin GDL39, Clarity, Dual, etc. Be cognizant of battery life or requirement for ship s power (and number of wires) WAAS GPS standard = TSO-C145 or TSO-C164 43

44 Equipment choices ADS-B-Out only Meet the ADS-B-Out mandate only drill down 1090ES transponder WAAS GPS Internal or connection to an existing WAAS GPS May require a different altitude encoder (as with other 1090 or 978 choices) May require a software update and wiring Transponder in-model upgrade WAAS source required Garmin 330 upgrade to ES Garmin 327 to 330ES upgrade Transponder replacement Garmin 335, 345, etc Some vendors offer a King KT76 slide-in replacement But wiring changes for WAAS source may still be required 1090ES transponder ADS-B supplement Transponder insert Garmin GDL-82 No display required - no weather or traffic provided Except L3 Lynx

45 Equipment choices ADS-B-Out and ADS-B-In Meet the ADS-B-Out mandate plus provide pilot information 1090ES transponder Most have GPS May require a different altitude encoder Connection to appropriate display for ADS-B-In if desired Only a few choices with display L3 Lynx 978 UAT WAAS GPS Internal or connection to an existing WAAS GPS May require a different altitude encoder Beware of compatibility claims If a 3 rd party 978 UAT is compatible with a Garmin series, does that mean it does everything a GDL88 does including display? Or does that mean it will use the Garmin 400/500 series WAAS GPS as a position source? Big difference. Non-Garmin traffic may display on Garmin. Non-Garmin weather will NOT display on Garmin. plus 45

46 Equipment choices ADS-B-Out and ADS-B-In Experimentals and LSA The FAA offered clarification in Feb/March 2015 Experimentals and LSAs do require TSO-compliant ADS-B for the mandate. But they do not need to have an actual TSO TSO testing is very costly The obligation for TSO compliance falls on the operator This is a critical fine point (I have not seen the actual ruling letter so check it out on your own.) 46

47 Tablet based ADS-B-In Consider tablet applications and a separate receiver for ADS-B-In Tablet based applications will improve much more quickly than certified panel mount display systems. Application and ADS-B-In receiver ForeFlight and Stratus or Scout Garmin Pilot and GDL39 WingX or FlyQ and Dual or Clarity, etc.. Stratux Others ForeFlight Scout Note wires in the cockpit, battery life Stratus 2s 47

48 Sporty s ForeFlight ADS-B-In only Product Stratus 2s Stratus 1s Stratus 2i Scout Application ForeFlight ForeFlight ForeFlight ForeFlight ADS-B-In 978 & only 978 & & 1090 Power Internal Internal Stratus ESG Ship s Antenna Internal Internal Stratus ESG Internal GPS Yes Yes Yes No WX replay Yes Yes Yes No AHARS Yes No Yes No Flight Recorder Yes No Yes No Pres Alt Sensor Yes No?? No WiFi only Yes Yes Yes Yes Size Hand Hand Hand Marker Mount Flat or suction cup Flat or suction cup Glove box or behind panel Suction cup Manufacturer Appareo Appareo Appareo uavionix List Price $899 $449 $500 $199 Stratus 2s Stratus 1s Stratus 2i Scout 48

49 Tablet ADS-B-In GPS in Mini No GPS in Mini New ipad Mini Cellular(GPS) -128 $ New ipad Mini WiFi $ 380 New ForeFlight Scout $ New Stratus 2s provides GPS -- $ 899 ForeFlight standard subscription $ 75 $ 75 Total $784 (+ tax) $1354 (+ tax) Older Minis $160-$360 Prices as of 01/2018 The more expensive ipad Mini may cost less in total ForeFlight Scout 49

50 Installed ADS-B interfaces to tablet applications Garmin FlightStream 110, 210 from GDL 88 and GDL 84 only offers Bluetooth to tablet applications 210 supports ForeFlight attitude indicator 210 will support importation of ForeFlight flight plans into Garmin panel mounted units Appareo Stratus ESG 1090 transponder, complete with a cable to a Stratus 2(S or i) for ForeFlight. Stratus 2i is a 2s without battery or GPS Stratus 2i connects to power and GPS via the ESG transponder Garmin and FreeFlight support ForeFlight Others? 50

51 Tablet weather Tablet weather is great! 6/28/2014 ADS-B-In picture was correlated with Stormscope, ATC radar and visible break in clouds. SE of MRT, went S toward West Jefferson. Then over TZR, N to intercept OSU ILS on tight turn to Fuler. Circle to land runway 14 (The only runway suitable for the fierce winds Too bad it is gone) Some bumps, some rain. Variable, strong and gusty surface winds. Otherwise non-eventful. 51

52 ForeFlight Weather Close-up: ADS-B kept me out of the worst of it 52

53 ForeFlight Weather Weather and traffic are most important But notice that the frugal pilot also has fuel prices shown (not current) 53

54 ForeFlight ADS-B-In Traffic ONLY with an ADS-B-Out hockey puck nearby (my aircraft) 54

55 Potential choices and caveats Guidelines General guidelines Walk though the decision tree Verify compatibility with your other equipment Understand what the vendor means by compatibility. You and the vendor may have very different definitions Watch the extras drive up a cost. ADS-B device may be <60% of the total cost Altitude encoder there are two kinds and you might have the wrong one Antennas some vendors include them and some don t Installation kits Control heads and/or switch panels some approached require them and some don t Wiring to transponder or off-the-air squawk WiFi/Bluetooth Installation Restack Vendor may cleverly omit required equipment such as a WAAS GPS Correcting issues with existing equipment and installation 55

56 Potential choices and caveats Guidelines Don t let tablet ADS-B-In software and receiver dominate your choice The market is changing way too fast Consider whether the vendor will be around for the long haul to support the product There is a loan fund for equipage NextGen Equipage Fund, LLC which is managed by NEXA General Partnership, LLC. 56

57 Potential choices and caveats Guidelines Diversity The minimum ADS-B-Out requirement is for a single antenna on the bottom for communication with the ground station. Per Garmin: Antenna diversity technology configures your aircraft with both top- and bottom-mount antennas to reduce the potential for antenna shading, which helps prevent target drop out during turns and maneuvers. An optional top-mounted antenna also comes in handy during ground operations, when a bottom-mount mount antenna might not have clear line-of-sight to receive ADS-B ground station signals or transmissions from other participating aircraft. 2 nd antenna on the top With diversity we see ADS-B weather on OSU ramp. The ADS-B tower is in Grove City Many ADS-B devices do not offer a diversity option May not be as important on smaller planes 57

58 1090 ES 58

59 1090ES Ballpark Cost For ADS-B-Out with upgraded 1090 transponder = $1K and up For ADS-B-Out with new 1090 transponder = $4K and up Blend of 1090ES ADS-B-Out and tablet for ADS-B-In - $4K and up Separate WAAS sensors start around $4K in addition to the above Or get WAAS GPS data from existing panel mount WAAS GPS Note: The device cost is only a portion of the total cost 59

60 Potential choices/caveats 1090ES (ADS-B Out-only for most 1090 devices) Transponder upgrade programs from manufacturer Garmin GTX335/345 Garmin GXT330ES Honeywell/Bendix/King KT74 Freeflight RANGR FDL-1090-TX Trig TT31 or TT22 Appareo Stratus ESG 1090 ES Sandia ST360 L3 Lynx NGT-9000 series uavionix SkyBeacon Others See details at Resources tab 60

61 Garmin 1090 ES GTX MHz transponder with ADS-B ADS-B-Out With or without WAAS GPS source Panel display including GTX/GNS Encoder - optional $3,795/$2,995 (w/ or w/o GPS) (plus installation) Total may become $4-5K GTX MHz transponder with ADS-B GTX-335 ADS-B-Out plus ADS-B-In Display on >100,000 Garmin 400/500/600/700 GTN/GTX installed panel units Bluetooth included $5,795/$4,995 (w/ or w/o GPS) (plus installation, antennas, etc.) Total may become $6-7K 61

62 Garmin 1090 ES GTX 330 or GTX MHz transponder upgrade to Extended Squitter (ES) upgrade ADS-B Out Requires a WAAS GPS source $1,200 (plus installation) Total may become $2K GTX 33 ES 1090 MHz transponder ADS-B-Out Requires a WAAS GPS source $3,889 (plus installation, antennas, etc.) Total may become $5K 62

63 Garmin 1090 ES GTX-23 ES remote-mounted 1090 ES transponder for experimental a/c ADS-B-Out Requires a WAAS GPS source Display on non-certified G3X and G3X Touch Transponder control is provided on the display of G3X and G3X Touch $2,450 (plus installation, antennas, etc.) Total may become $3-4K 63

64 Honeywell/Bendix/King 1090 ES KT ES transponder ADS-B-Out Requires a WAAS GPS source $2,589 (discounted - plus installation, antennas, etc.) Total may become $3-5K 64

65 FreeFlight 1090 ES RANGR FDL-1090-TX 1090 ES transponder ADS-B-Out Requires a WAAS GPS source $4,749 (discounted - plus installation, antennas, etc.) Total may become $5-6K 65

66 Trig Trig TT31 or TT ES transponder ADS-B-Out Requires a WAAS GPS source $3,206 (plus installation, antennas, etc.) Total may become $4-5K TT31 TT22 66

67 Appareo Stratus ESG 1090 ES ADS-B-Out WAAS GPS No diversity $2,645 ADS-B-Out including GPS antenna, and installation kit Uses existing belly-mounted transponder antenna Installation may be less costly compared with 978 UAT Interfaces to either parallel (gray code) or serial altitude encoder cost savings Add ADS-B-In with Stratus ADS-B receivers Use a Stratus 2/2s ($895) or Stratus 2i (no battery/no GPS) ($500) Provides power and antenna feed for the Stratus receiver (sold separately) Stratus receiver inexpensively replaceable as new ADS-B-In functionality is added. Allows the ForeFlight Stratus 2s to be used in other planes, not dedicated to one. Backup AHARS using ForeFlight ForeFlight app only No diversity Total may become $3-5K 67

68 Sandia Aerospace STX ES ADS-B-Out & In WAAS GPS source needed Encoder not included Single antenna uses included diplexor Single point of squawk entry, no control head needed Wireless for tablet Certification expected in 2016 No diversity $3,500 Installation may be less costly due to single antenna Add cost of WAAS GPS source Total may become $5-6K 68

69 L3 Lynx 1090 ES MultiLink Surveillance (MSS) line of ADS-B systems NGT ES/978 ADS-B & 978 Out & In WAAS Touch screen on transponder Small display. Multiple screens using touch slide one way or the other May require re-stacking transponder is often out of view Extra cost Interface to Garmin-AT GMX200 and MX20. Maybe others Lynx traffic can be displayed on Garmin 400/500W series Lynx weather cannot be displayed on Garmin 400/500W series Requires GPS antenna No diversity $5,995 Installation est. at $1-2K. Total may be $7K 69

70 L3 Lynx 1090 ES MultiLink Surveillance (MSS) line of ADS-B systems NGT-9000D is the Diversity version Wi-Fi optional for Wing X Pro and SkyRadar tablet apps NGT is the NGT-9000 with TAS active traffic mating to existing L-3 Skywatch directional antenna $9,200 list NGT-9000D+ is NGT-9000D + NGT $11,933 introductory list 70

71 1090 ADS-B-Out only uavionix SkyBeacon NOT YET CERTIFIED Nav lights must be on WiFi is for configuration, NOT for ADS-B-In Modest installation cost $1,495 list 71

72 978 UAT 72

73 978 UAT Ballpark Cost For ADS-B-Out only - $2K and up Blend of ADS-B-Out and tablet for ADS-B-In - $3K and up For ADS-B-Out and panel ADS-B-In - $4.5K and up Most 978 have WAAS GPS or WAAS GPS option. But if desired Separate WAAS sensors start around $4K in addition to the ADS-B Or get WAAS GPS data from existing panel mount WAAS GPS Note: The device cost is only a portion of the total cost 73

74 Potential choices 978 UAT Garmin GDL88, GDL84 Garmin GDL-82 insert into 1090 transponder line FreeFlight Ranger FDL-978-XVR, FDL-978-XVRL FreeFlight is rebranded by others such as Aspen, Honeywell/Bendix/King L3 Lynx NGT-1000, 2000, 2500 Aspen ATX100G Honeywell/Bendix/King Others See details at Resources tab 74

75 Garmin 978 UAT GDL-84/88 devices Interface with >100,000 Garmin 400/500 series installed devices Works with 600/700 devices as well GDL-88 for panel display GDL-84 for tablet display 75

76 Garmin 978 UAT GDL UAT 978 ADS-B-Out, 978/1090 ADS-B-In With or without internal WAAS GPS Requires WAAS GPS source such as GNS430W/530W if internal GDL 88 WAAS GPS not ordered Display on Garmin panel mount GNS 400/500 and GTN 600/700 series And optionally, tablet app via Bluetooth from Garmin FlightStream 110/210 No wiring to transponder. Reads squawk off the air. Compare this topic on other devices. They may not be as simple With or without diversity 76

77 Garmin 978 UAT GDL UAT Display on tablet app via Bluetooth with optional FlightStream 110/210 Offers 3 sub-models (device only price shown) GDL 88, no WAAS, no diversity $3,995 list GDL 88, WAAS, no diversity $5,143 list GDL 88, no WAAS, diversity $4,495 list GDL 88, WAAS, diversity $5,643 list No need to install a UAT control panel GDL88D no WAAS, diversity - $3,900 discounted Total - $6,750 with diversity in C172 with 530W Detail in later slide Total - $5,950 without diversity in C172 with 530W 77

78 Garmin 978 UAT GDL UAT Like GDL88 But WAAS GPS included Display on tablet app via Bluetooth (not panel) FlightStream 110 or 210 FlightStream 210 adds AHARS and uploading of flight plans from tablet to panel No differential option Upgradable to GDL 88 GDL84 - $3,450 discounted Offers 2 sub-models (device only price shown) GDL84. WAAS, no diversity, FlightStream $3,995 list GDL84. WAAS, no diversity, FlightStream $4,445 list Total - $4,750 without diversity in PA28 78

79 No panel display/no WAAS GPS ADS-B-Out & In GDL 84 (rounded) The non-waas Garmin 400/500 series is not involved Save $3.9K upgrading a non-waas 400/500 Display on tablet app via bluetooth GDL84 - $3,450 (at discount, list = $3,995) 1 ADS-B antenna $200 1 WAAS GPS antenna $400 Miscellaneous $200 (guess) ~6 hours Installation (typical PA-28) $500 Total $4,750 Consider GDL-82 and save $2K 79

80 Garmin 978 UAT GDL-82 insert into transponder line 978 ADS-B-Out only (not 1090) Includes WAAS GPS and GPS antenna Requires GPS antenna installation $1,795 (plus installation) Total may become $2-3K 80

81 Consider a non-waas Garmin GPS Compare cost of WAAS upgrade and additional IFR capability versus less expensive WAAS included with a 978 UAT. Tough call Garmin 400/500 non-waas to WAAS upgrade ~$3.9K (3 weeks) Display on 400/500 series Regain manufacturer support Gain lower IFR minimums Remove non-waas limitation requiring a ground based IAP as alternate. Info not related to the ADS-B story. With non-waas, pilot may now choose GPS primary with groundbased alternate or the other way around Note: Alternate airport planning policy for operators is based on their equipage. Use of GPS based IAP minima at the alternate airport is authorized in the U.S. National Airspace System (NAS) and in any State where allowed/authorized. Please consult the applicable Aeronautical Information Publication (AIP). Wide area augmentation system (WAAS) navigation equipped operators may still plan for GPS based IAP (e.g., GPS, Area Navigation (RNAV) (GPS), RNAV Required Navigation Performance (RNP)) at both the destination and/or the alternate airport. GPS navigation equipped operators with fault detection and exclusion (FDE) capability but without WAAS navigation equipment may now plan for GPS based IAP at either the destination or the alternate airport. Finally, GPS or WAAS equipped operators with barometric vertical navigation (baro VNAV) equipment may plan to use this capability at either destination or alternate airports. Per FAA (ref N AFS-400 effective 5/30/13) G Versus: WAAS with Garmin GDL UAT adds ~$1.1K Save ~S2.3K by not upgrading 400/500 non-waas Is expense better applied to something newer in the panel? 81

82 FreeFlight 978 UAT Rangr FDL-978-TXL ADS-B-Out only WAAS GPS No display needed No diversity Upgradable to FDL-978-XVRL $1,995 list Supports ForeFlight Includes antennas and installation kit Includes TC-978 Control Head (if necessary) Includes Wi-Fi Includes GPS Could become $2-3K total (Watch for this picture to appear again) 82

83 FreeFlight 978 UAT Rangr FDL-978-XVRL Like FDL-978-TXL ADS-B-Out Adds ADS-B-In Display needed for ADS-B-In $3,695 list Add installation guess at $1-1.5K Could become $5-6K total (Watch for this picture to appear again) 83

84 L3 Lynx 978 UAT MultiLink Surveillance (MSS) line of ADS-B systems - page 1 NGT ADS-B-Out WAAS GPS Display not needed $2,132 list NGT-1000 Add antennas, wiring kit, installation - guess these add to ~$1-2K Add CP-2500 control panel for non-compliant transponder $824 list when paired with a non-compatible transponder. The CP-2500 features a push to sync function that alerts pilots when there is a miscompare to the legacy transponder squawk code and the Lynx control panel. A simple push of the dual-concentric knob synchronizes the Lynx system to the transponder s squawk (No such need with the Garmin) Could become $3-5K total CP

85 L3 Lynx 978 UAT MultiLink Surveillance (MSS) line of ADS-B systems - page 2 NGT ADS-B Out & In NGT-1000 plus adds ADS-B In Intended for tablet display only $3,200 list Plus same cost additions of NGT-1000 Wi-Fi option Could become $5-6K total NGT ADS-B Out & In with WAAS NGT panel interface Display needed for ADS-B-In What kind of panel? Wi-Fi option $3,467 list + same additions of NGT-1000, 2000 Could become $3-4K total 85

86 Aspen ATX100G 978 UAT ADS-B-Out & In WAAS GPS Display on Aspen Evolution primary flight displays and multifunction displays Without or with diversity (at extra cost) $4,995 plus antennas and installation Looks a lot like the FreeFlight unit 86

87 Honeywell/Bendix/King 978 UAT King KGX130 ADS-B-out & in Requires WAAS GPS source Requires display consider a tablet $1,789 discounted Control panel required - $549 Installation kit required - $25 Wi-Fi adapter - $289 Wi-Fi installation kit - $25 Total HW - $2,677 Total might become $3-4K (Looks like FreeFlight) 87

88 Honeywell/Bendix/King 978 UAT King KGX150 Like KGX130 but Includes WAAS GPS $2,496 discounted Total HW $3,384 Total might become $4-5K Might be a better deal than the KGX130 $707 more for the GPS No need to dig into existing equipment (Looks like FreeFlight) 88

89 ADS-B-Out & In Cost Example a C172 These 2 pilots need ADS-B traffic 89

90 ADS-B-Out & In cost example (rounded) Existing Garmin 530W. The choice was obvious GDL88D - $3,900 Note the device was just 57% of the out the door cost 2 antennas 2 x $200 = $400 Altitude encoder - $425 Existing encoder was not the required type Miscellaneous - $ hours Installation - $1,850 (older labor rate) Total - $6,750 Without diversity, the total would have been about $800 less, for a total of $5,950. Less expensive device, only one antenna, less installation labor 90

91 ADS-B antennas Caution near com Don t make this mistake Top mount Optional to support Diversity Top mount antenna had to be relocated from the forward top of the cabin to the empennage to remove ADS-B interference from nav/com. (now there are plugs in the skin.) 91

92 ADS-B antennas Top mount Optional to support Diversity Bottom mount all installations 92

93 Garmin 400/500W - Weather Conus weather 93

94 Nexrad weather Garmin 400/500W - Weather 94

95 Garmin 400/500W - Weather Nexrad weather 50 nm scale same time as last picture Cell phone picture from a distance 95

96 Garmin 400/500W - Weather Nexrad weather 150 nm scale Cell phone picture from a distance 96

97 Pictorial METAR Garmin 400/500W - Weather 97

98 Garmin 400/500W - Weather METAR TAF For an airport without TAF, the 400W/500W is not smart enough to display the TAF for the nearby airport with a TAF. e.g., OSU destination does not display CMH TAF 98

99 Garmin 400/500W - Traffic Range 1 NM to 40 NM Audio alert Important! Visual alert Threat aircraft heading vectors Threat aircraft relative altitude and altitude change Selectable altitude ranges +/- 2,700 +2,700 to 9,999 below -2,700 to 9,999 above +/-9,999 (called unrestricted) 99

100 Garmin 400/500W - Traffic Range 1 NM to 40 NM GNS 400/500 displays up to 8 closest targets GTN 600/700 displays up to 30 targets 100

101 Garmin 400/500W - Traffic Range 1 NM to 40 NM GNS 400/500 displays up to 8 targets GTN 600/700 displays up to 30 targets 101

102 Garmin 400/500W - Traffic Pointer for more detail 102

103 Now the Meat A Decision Tree 3 steps start Decision Yes Action No Action 96

104 Decision tree step 1 ADS-B-Out - Yes/No start Have electrical system? Yes No Done Fly in ADS-B airspace? Yes No Done Continue. Want ADS-B 104

105 Decision tree step 2 Continue. Want ADS-B Display Yes/No Have IFR WAAS? Yes No Include WAAS receiver in acquisition Have display? No Want display? No Want tablet ADS-B-In No Meet mandate only Yes Yes Yes Determine scope. Add display Select app, receiver, tablet Continue. With WAAS and With display Continue. With WAAS 105but Without display 105

106 Continue. With WAAS and With display Decision tree step 3 Finish Continue. With WAAS but Without display Fly in ADS-B 1090 airspace? Yes Select 1090ES transponder or 978 supplement No If your transponder is unhealthy, you may prefer the 1090 path Want panel mount ADS-B- In too? No Done Yes Want hardwired Wireless or Bluetooth? No Select 978 UAT Yes Select app, tablet, 978 UAT combo Want diversity? No Select 978 UAT without diversity Yes Select 978 UAT with diversity Done 106

107 AOPA Selector 10/

108 Other resources These slides on Resources tab Garmin ADS-B Academy FreeFlight ADS-B University Avidine Avionics News June 2014, P56 See records of your flight by specifying N-number, GPS and ADS-B make and model FAA FAQ AOPA selector Ownership/Technology/ADS-B/ADS-B- Selector?WT.mc_id=150930special&WT.mc_sect=tec 108

109 Takeaways Decision is complex. Needs thoughtful study New options this year GDL-82 ForeFlight Scout uavionix SkyBeacon (once it is certified) Not every plane will need ADS-B but will become limited Basic Med altitude limit is 18,000 feet and may influence your ADS-B choice. ADS-B will likely cost $2-5K at minimum Installation shop slots will become increasingly constrained The deadline is 12/31/2019 Some ADS-B vendors have not survived NavWorx 109

110 Agenda Goal of the presentation Decision tree What is ADS-B? Where is ADS-B-Out required? Why equip now? What services come with ADS-B-In? ADS-B-In FIS-B data update rates and altitudes Equipment choice overview, including Installed interfaces to tablet ADS-B-In Diversity Cost Selection decision tree Additional resources Slides on Resources tab at bottom 110

111 Extra slides 111

112 Appareo Stratus - In only Stratus only Heat issue addressed by white cloth and a rubber band 8 hour battery in all self-powered Stratus models Stratus 1S Like Stratus 2S but 978 reception only and no AHRS Stratus and 1090 White Fan AHARS for ForeFlight attitude indicator Set it on glarescreen Stratus 2S Like Stratus 2 but with improved ADS-B reception and side window suction cup mount 112

113 14CFR (a) After January 1, 2020, and unless otherwise authorized by ATC, no person may operate an aircraft in Class A airspace unless the aircraft has equipment installed that (1) Meets the performance requirements in TSO-C166b, Extended Squitter Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast (ADS-B) and Traffic Information Service-Broadcast (TIS-B) Equipment Operating on the Radio Frequency of 1090 Megahertz (MHz); and (2) Meets the requirements of (b) After January 1, 2020, and unless otherwise authorized by ATC, no person may operate an aircraft below 18,000 feet MSL and in airspace described in paragraph (d) of this section unless the aircraft has equipment installed that (1) Meets the performance requirements in (i) TSO-C166b; or (ii) TSO-C154c, Universal Access Transceiver (UAT) Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast (ADS-B) Equipment Operating on the Frequency of 978 MHz; (2) Meets the requirements of (c) Operators with equipment installed with an approved deviation under of this chapter also are in compliance with this section. (d) After January 1, 2020, and unless otherwise authorized by ATC, no person may operate an aircraft in the following airspace unless the aircraft has equipment installed that meets the requirements in paragraph (b) of this section: (1) Class B and Class C airspace areas; (2) Except as provided for in paragraph (e) of this section, within 30 nautical miles of an airport listed in appendix D, section 1 to this part from the surface upward to 10,000 feet MSL; (3) Above the ceiling and within the lateral boundaries of a Class B or Class C airspace area designated for an airport upward to 10,000 feet MSL; (4) Except as provided in paragraph (e) of this section, Class E airspace within the 48 contiguous states and the District of Columbia at and above 10,000 feet MSL, excluding the airspace at and below 2,500 feet above the surface; and (5) Class E airspace at and above 3,000 feet MSL over the Gulf of Mexico from the coastline of the United States out to 12 nautical miles. (e) The requirements of paragraph (b) of this section do not apply to any aircraft that was not originally certificated with an electrical system, or that has not subsequently been certified with such a system installed, including balloons and gliders. These aircraft may conduct operations without ADS-B Out in the airspace specified in paragraphs (d)(2) and (d)(4) of this section. Operations authorized by this section must be conducted (1) Outside any Class B or Class C airspace area; and (2) Below the altitude of the ceiling of a Class B or Class C airspace area designated for an airport, or 10,000 feet MSL, whichever is lower. (f) Each person operating an aircraft equipped with ADS-B Out must operate this equipment in the transmit mode at all times. (g) Requests for ATC authorized deviations from the requirements of this section must be made to the ATC facility having jurisdiction over the concerned airspace within the time periods specified as follows: (1) For operation of an aircraft with an inoperative ADS-B Out, to the airport of ultimate destination, including any intermediate stops, or to proceed to a place where suitable repairs can be made or both, the request may be made at any time. (2) For operation of an aircraft that is not equipped with ADS-B Out, the request must be made at least 1 hour before the proposed operation. (h) The standards required in this section are incorporated by reference with the approval of the Director of the Office of the Federal Register under 5 U.S.C. 552(a) and 1 CFR part 51. All approved materials are available for inspection at the FAA's Office of Rulemaking (ARM-1), 800 Independence Avenue, SW., Washington, DC (telephone ), or at the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA). For information on the availability of this material at NARA, call , or go to This material is also available from the sources indicated in paragraphs (h)(1) and (h)(2) of this section. (1) Copies of Technical Standard Order (TSO)-C166b, Extended Squitter Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast (ADS-B) and Traffic Information Service-Broadcast (TIS-B) Equipment Operating on the Radio Frequency of 1090 Megahertz (MHz) (December 2, 2009) and TSO-C154c, Universal Access Transceiver (UAT) Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast (ADS-B) Equipment Operating on the Frequency of 978 MHz (December 2, 2009) may be obtained from the U.S. Department of Transportation, Subsequent Distribution Office, DOT Warehouse M30, Ardmore East Business Center, 3341 Q 75th Avenue, Landover, MD 20785; telephone (301) Copies of TSO -C166B and TSO-C154c are also available on the FAA's Web site, at Select the link Search Technical Standard Orders. (2) Copies of Section 2, Equipment Performance Requirements and Test Procedures, of RTCA DO-260B, Minimum Operational Performance Standards for 1090 MHz Extended Squitter Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast (ADS-B) and Traffic Information Services-Broadcast (TIS-B), December 2, 2009 (referenced in TSO-C166b) and Section 2, Equipment Performance Requirements and Test Procedures, of RTCA DO-282B, Minimum Operational Performance Standards for Universal Access Transceiver (UAT) Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast (ADS-B), December 2, 2009 (referenced in TSO C-154c) may be obtained from RTCA, Inc., 1828 L Street, NW., Suite 805, Washington, DC , telephone Copies of RTCA DO-260B and RTCA DO-282B are also available on RTCA Inc.'s Web site, at [Doc. No. FAA , 75 FR 30193, May 28, 2010; Amdt A, 75 FR 37712, June 30, 2010; Amdt , 75 FR 37712, June 30, 2010; Amdt , 80 FR 6900, Feb. 9, 2015; Amdt A, 80 FR 11537, Mar. 4, 2015]

114 Airspace classes * Not required 114

115 Traffic alternative for those without ADS-B Zaon XRX passive traffic Reads transponders/encoders Company is out of business Initially $1,800, then ~$1,300, used <$500 Occasionally reads your transponder as a target at 0.9 miles when maneuvering 115 But it does work (personal experience)