The General Status of Nature Reserves in China. Lilei Wu

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1 The General Status of Nature Reserves in China Lilei Wu Deputy Chief Division of Nature Reserve Management Department of Wildlife Conservation and Nature Reserve Management, State Forestry Administration, P.R. of China Beijing , (

2 Lilei Wu Deputy Chief Division of Nature Reserve Management Department of Wildlife Conservation and Nature Reserve Management, State Forestry Administration, P.R. of China Address: #18 Hepingli Dongjie, Beijing Tel: Fax:

3 OUTLINE Protected areas in china Nature Reserves in china

4 Protected Areas in China Nature reserves Landscape and famous scenery(national park) Geopark Forest park Wetland park,etc

5 Landscape and famous scenery (national park) Begins from 1982 Managed by Ministry of Housing and Urban- Rural Development National level: authorized by the State Council At the end of 2011,there are 909 Landscape and famous scenery, covers about 2.03% of the total land areas. 208 are National level 701 are provincial level

6 Geopark Begins from 2001 Managed by Ministry of Land and Resources National level: authorized Ministry of Land and Resources At present, there are 183 natioanal Geopark, among them, 26 are Globle Geopark. most of Geopark overlap with nature reserves, Landscape and famous scenery and forest park

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8 Forest park Begins from 1982 Managed by State Forestry Administration National level: authorized by SFA There 2730 forest park with areas about 17 million ha There are 761 national forest park with areas about 12 million ha

9 Wetland park Begins from 2005 Managed by SFA National level: authorized by SFA There are 213 national wetland park with about 1.56 million ha

10 Water park Managed by Ministry of Water Resources National level: authorized by MWR 475 national Irrigation Works Scenery Zone More than 1000 provincial level

11 World Heritage sites Management office in MOHURD 41 World Heritage sites in China 8 World Nature Heritage sites 4 World Nature and Culture Heritage sites there are 18 forest nature reserves in the 8 World Nature Heritage sites

12 Ramsar sites Management office in SFA 41 Ramsar sites Among them,35 ramsar sites are forest nature reserves

13 Nature reserves. In Sep 1956, several scientists gave a report on nature reserves construction to the third session of the 1st National People's Congress of China, and the project on nature conservation was initiated

14 Some nature reserves mainly on natural forests protection were established in 1956, such as Changbaishan, Xishuangbanna, and Dinghushan Nature Reserve. And then nature reserves on conservation of forest ecosystem, desert ecosystem, wetland ecosystem, and wildlife were established

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16 Area (10,000 ha) No. of nature reserves Areas (10,000 ha) No. of nature reserves Year 0

17 Forest ecosystem Ecosystem Prairie and meadow ecosystem Inland Wetland and watershed Ocean and coast Nature reserve Desert Wildlife Wild plant Wild animal Natural heritage Geological heritage Paleobiological heritage Classification of Nature Reserve in China

18 Management zones of nature reserve and their management strategies Buffer Zone Core area Experimental Zone

19 The hierarchical nature reserve management system in China National nature reserve: authorized by the State Council. Provincial nature reserve: authorized by the provincial government. Other level nature reserve: authorized by the local government correspondingly.

20 There are about 2588 nature reserves with about 149 millions ha, covering about 15% total land areas. 335 are national nature reserves with areas about millions ha. Managed by: Ministry of Environment Protection, SFA, Ministry of Agriculture, Ministry of Land and Resources, State Oceanic Administration, Ministry of Water Resources, Chinese Academy of Science, etc

21 Nature Reserves of forest aspect there are 2126 nature reserves managed by forest agencies with million ha, covers about 12.7% total land areas, among them 263 are national nature reserves. The number and areas are made up about 80% of the total. 3 national nature reserves managed by SFA directly (Wolong, baishuijiang, foping )

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23 ROLE More than 300 endangered species in China 85% of wild animal populations 61%of the Giant Panda population in China Milu (Elaphurus davidianus) Black gibbon (Hylobates concolor hainanus)

24 65% of the higher plant communities More than 130 rare tree species

25 More than 90% of the land ecosystems 20% of the natural forests 47% of the natural wetland

26 PROBLEMS Overlap and conflicts between nature reserves and other kinds of protected areas

27 Local People About 10 million of people resident in about 2000 nature reserves, including 1.24 million in core areas, and 2.1 million in buffer areas.

28 Nature Resource Demand and Use

29 the conflicts between human and wildlife

30 Forest ownership reform State (State-owned forests) Community (community-owned forests) In 2004, several provinces in south China began to reform forest ownership policies, and now it has now been extended to large parts of this country in The local farmers benefit much from this change, and the average annual cash income for each farmer increased by 13%, or just over 10 dollars.

31 Ecotourism Ecotourism occurred in nature reserve in China in the 1980s, but breakout in the 1990s, and it exists in more than 65% of the nature reserves in China, including 77% of the national nature reserves. Ecotourism has been the most important resources for some nature reserve funding, occupied more than 50% of the whole funding.

32 THANKS!