Cycladic-type dwelling

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Typo logy: Coun try: Cycladic-type dwelling Greece CON TE N TS OF THE FI LE Synthesis Analytical group of the typology Forms of the typology Inventory of the country s typologies Current state of

character of Aegean architecture: it is based on the volumetric composition of a basic, single-storey, one-roomed, orthogonal, stone-built v olume, often called monospito or single house, which is

the distance between the side walls In this typology, the dwelling s width is rather limited compared to its length Finally, the nature of the soil, eg, whether the dwelling is on sloping or f lat

1 Typo logy: Coun try: Cycladic-type dwelling Greece CON TE N TS OF THE FI LE Synthesis Analytical group of the typology Forms of the typology Inventory of the country s typologies Current state of vitality and preservation Transformation process Capacity for rehabilitation Lexicon SYNTHESIS This ty pology belongs to the Greek traditional insular group The insular house is ty pical of the cubic character of Aegean architecture: it is based on the volumetric composition of a basic, single-storey, one-roomed, orthogonal, stone-built v olume, often called monospito or single house, which is covered by a f lat roof or doma Within this general description, howev er, the size and ratio of this basic volume v ary from island to island depending on the av ailability of timber beams to bridge the distance between the side walls In this typology, the dwelling s width is rather limited compared to its length Finally, the nature of the soil, eg, whether the dwelling is on sloping or f lat land, is an additional f actor def ining the ov erall f loor plan conf iguration of a dwelling ANALYTICAL GROUP OF THE TYPOLOGY Rural Grouped Fixed Ev olutional Permanent «Standing» Medium Elementary (Environment) (Implantation) (Character) (Origin) (Use) (Cultural) (Economic level) (Morphology) FORMS OF THE TYPOLOGY Kastrospito two- and three-storey dwelling Agrarian single-storey dwelling INVENTORY OF THE COUNTRY S TYPOLOGIES Cycladic-type dwelling Dodecanesian or Rhodian arched interior Vaulted Cycladic version Multi-storey inland dwelling Single-storey inland dwelling Single- and double-storey maritime inland dwelling Pyrgospito tower dwelling Byzantine- and Latin-style dwelling Knights of St John-style: the Lindian captains house Western-style or archontiko dwelling Inland Ottoman-style dwelling Insular version of the Ottoman-style dwelling Balkan-style tower dwelling Urban or continental style Suburban or coastal style This project is financed by the MEDA programme of the European Union The opinions expressed in the present document do not necessarily reflect the position of the European Union or of its member States 1/7

2 Cycladic-ty pe dwelling : Kas trospito two- and three-storey dwelling FORMS OF THE TYPOLOGY Kastrospito two- and three-storey dwelling Implantation Use/asso ciated activit y Dating Altitude Orientation The orientation of the facade (the location of the entrance in the main v olume and the relation of the dwelling to its neighbouring lots) varies It depends mainly on def ensiv e considerations, such as whether the dwelling f orms part of a castle complex (eg Astypalea) or a defensive settlement called a chora (eg chora of Amorgos and chora of Patmos), or whether it is built in the open plains Ground surface covered Surface area of housing Number of floors GF+1 and, rarely, GF+2 Number of homes Number of families Averag e number of members per family Functional outline The oldest interiors of this ty pe are found in castles or in the confines of the def ensiv e choras of the central Aegean, such as Amorgos, Astypalea, Antiparos, Naxos, Skyros, Sifnos, Kimolos and so on, where dwellings comprise a two or, rarely, a three-storey version: within the castle (eg, Asty palea and Antiparos), each side of the castle s outer or inner wall consists of two, or less often three, f loors of monospito houses, one upper and one lower, both with identical singleroom interiors where access to the upper f loor is v ia a narrow flight of stone steps The same two-storey version applies to the choras (eg Amorgos), the difference being that the two storeys f orm a single residence with access from the y ard which also contains the stone stairwell to the upper level A ty pical interior of a Cycladic monospito, with variations, consists of a small hearth for cooking and heating in the right-hand corner by the entrance, with a permanent timber structure built from wall to wall at the opposite end of the house f rom the door It combines the bed platf orm (crevatos), about 140 m from the floor and 140 m deep, with space for storage beneath (apocrevatos) through a narrow, low door to the side of the crevatos The door is naturally higher than the bed, and consequently f orms the f oot of the bed: further up, abov e the door and behind it, is the children s bed A long chest with a smaller one on top serve as steps up to the crevatos This interior, best exemplified in Amorgos, can be quite deep and narrow with a v ery narrow facade looking out into a front courty ard, the avli Here, there is a bread ov en and/or a small stable perpendicular to the entrance from the street Obv iously, this type of narrow-f acade house was not well lit In the two-storey v ersion of the ty pe, the same interior is repeated on the second lev el with access v ia a long stone stairwell at one side of the avli leading to an upper-lev el terrace (heliakos) The stairwell is supported by a large arch built like a cov ered passageway in f ront of the house ov erlooking the avli Larger dwellings, the archontika, were produced by the horizontal unification of one or more of these single- or doublestorey one-room structures that were built wall to wall in an additive process to produce the magnificent volumetric compositions of Aegean architecture +1 ±0 Section Elevation Urban fabric This project is financed by the MEDA programme of the European Union The opinions expressed in the present document do not necessarily reflect the position of the European Union or of its member States 2/7

Cycladic-ty pe dwelling : Kas trospito two- and three-storey dwelling W alls Framework Timber beams A f lat roof called a doma Rendering Openings and proj ections in

more like a loophole than a window Traditional syst ems of air-conditioning Drinking water supply systems W aste wat er drainage systems This project is financed by the

3 Cycladic-ty pe dwelling : Kas trospito two- and three-storey dwelling W alls Framework Timber beams A f lat roof called a doma Rendering Openings and proj ections in the f acad e There was only one small window next to the entrance and, usually, another in the rear wall On the upper f loor, the latter was slightly larger, but still more like a loophole than a window Traditional syst ems of air-conditioning Drinking water supply systems W aste wat er drainage systems This project is financed by the MEDA programme of the European Union The opinions expressed in the present document do not necessarily reflect the position of the European Union or of its member States 3/7

4 Cycladic-ty pe dwelling : Agrar ian single-storey dwelling FORMS OF THE TYPOLOGY Agrarian single-storey dwelling Implantation Use/asso ciated activit y Dating Altitude Orientation The orientation of the facade (the location of the entrance in the main v olume and the relation of the dwelling to its neighbouring lots) varies It depends mainly on def ensiv e considerations, such as whether the dwelling f orms part of a castle complex (eg Astypalea) or a defensive settlement called a chora (eg chora of Amorgos and chora of Patmos), or whether it is built in the open plains Ground surface covered Surface area of housing Number of floors GF Number of homes Number of families Averag e number of members per family Functional outline The single-storey version of the Cycladic ty pe, which is also the most frequent, is the agrarian version, which is mainly f ound on agricultural sites of the smaller Cyclades islands, such as Amorgos and Naxos, or in the agrarian phase of the dev elopment of the choras as part of agricultural complexes A ty pical interior of a Cycladic monospito, with variations, consists of a small hearth for cooking and heating in the right-hand corner by the entrance, with a permanent timber structure built from wall to wall at the opposite end of the house f rom the door It combines the bed platf orm (crevatos), about 140 m from the floor and 140 m deep, with space for storage beneath (apocrevatos) through a narrow, low door to the side of the crevatos The door is naturally higher than the bed, and consequently f orms the f oot of the bed: further up, abov e the door and behind it, is the children s bed A long chest with a smaller one on top serve as steps up to the crevatos This interior, best exemplified in Amorgos, can be quite deep and narrow with a v ery narrow facade looking out into a front courty ard, the avli Here, there is a bread ov en and/or a small stable perpendicular to the entrance from the street Obv iously, this type of narrow-f acade house was not well lit In the two-storey v ersion of the ty pe, the same interior is repeated on the second lev el with access v ia a long stone stairwell at one side of the avli leading to an upper-lev el terrace (heliakos) The stairwell is supported by a large arch built like a cov ered passageway in f ront of the house ov erlooking the avli Larger dwellings, the archontika, were produced by the horizontal unification of one or more of these single- or doublestorey one-room structures that were built wall to wall in an additive process to produce the magnificent volumetric compositions of Aegean architecture ±0 Section Elevation Urban fabric This project is financed by the MEDA programme of the European Union The opinions expressed in the present document do not necessarily reflect the position of the European Union or of its member States 4/7

Cycladic-ty pe dwelling : Agrar ian single-storey dwelling W alls Framework Timber beams A f lat roof called a

and, usually, another in the rear wall On the upper f loor, the latter was slightly larger, but still more

wat er drainage systems This project is financed by the MEDA programme of the European Union The opinions

5 Cycladic-ty pe dwelling : Agrar ian single-storey dwelling W alls Framework Timber beams A f lat roof called a doma Rendering Openings and proj ections in the f acad e There was only one small window next to the entrance and, usually, another in the rear wall On the upper f loor, the latter was slightly larger, but still more like a loophole than a window Traditional syst ems of air-conditioning Drinking water supply systems W aste wat er drainage systems This project is financed by the MEDA programme of the European Union The opinions expressed in the present document do not necessarily reflect the position of the European Union or of its member States 5/7

6 Cycladic-ty pe dwelling CURRENT S TA TE OF VI TALI TY AND PRESERVATION TRANSFORMATION PROCESS Typological transformations Effect / Cause Volume Facad es and clo sings Yes Structure Organisation of space Bathrooms and toilets outside the house or in the courty ard To adapt to the major changes in present-day comfort and lifestyle requirements Change in use Change in use of construction materials and techniques In use, living Little used, in decline No longer used Hy draulic coating, roofs of clay ey earth or hy draulic coating (kourasani) Recent incorporations Mixed construction using reinforced concrete and bricks Ease of construction and no need for maintenance Cement For economic reasons and ease of application This project is financed by the MEDA programme of the European Union The opinions expressed in the present document do not necessarily reflect the position of the European Union or of its member States 6/7

7 Cycladic-ty pe dwelling CAPACITY FOR REHABILI TATION Asp ects of the t ypolog y Score from 0 (very poor) to 10 (excellent) Capacity for sale or rental on the property market 5 Capacity for adaptation to present-day f amily and social requirements 5 Capacity for adaptation to present-day comf ort requirements 4 Score from 0 (insignificant) to 10 ( major) Technical difficulty of rehabilitation 10 Administrativ e difficulty of rehabilitation 7 Financial difficulty (very high cost) of rehabilitation 10 Obstacles preventing rehab ilitation/causing the user to decide not to reh abilitate Score from 0 (does not repres ent an obstacl e) to 10 (represents a major obst acle) Administrative difficulties 7 Major technical difficulties 9 Irrev ersible deterioration of the structure 7 Listed/protected building 2 High cost of rehabilitation 10 Absence of aid/subsidies 10 Cost of the project and permits 7 Status of building/lease 5 Inf lation of property prices 0 Social decline (delinquency, ) 7 Poor env ironmental conditions (absence of minimum inf rastructures, ) 8 Desire to change the building f or a modern one 10 Lack of sensitisation/appreciation on the part of the users 10 Not considered necessary (by the user) 5 Comments LEXICON File created: 23/02/01 File last modified: 03/05/01 This project is financed by the MEDA programme of the European Union The opinions expressed in the present document do not necessarily reflect the position of the European Union or of its member States 7/7

Dodecanesian or Rhodian arched interior

Typo logy: Coun try: Dodecanesian or Rhodian arched interior Greece CON TE N TS OF THE FI LE Synthesis Analytical group of the typology Forms of the typology Inventory of the country s typologies Current