Dodecanesian or Rhodian arched interior

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Typo logy: Coun try: Dodecanesian or Rhodian arched interior Greece CON TE N TS OF THE FI LE Synthesis Analytical group of the typology Forms of the typology Inventory of the country s typologies

The insular house is ty pical of the cubic character of Aegean architecture: it is based on the volumetric composition of a basic, single-storey, one-roomed, orthogonal, stone-built v olume, often

Within this general description, howev er, the size and ratio of this basic volume v ary from island to island depending on the av ailability of timber beams to bridge the distance between the side

1 Typo logy: Coun try: Dodecanesian or Rhodian arched interior Greece CON TE N TS OF THE FI LE Synthesis Analytical group of the typology Forms of the typology Inventory of the country s typologies Current state of vitality and preservation Transformation process Capacity for rehabilitation Lexicon SYNTHESIS This ty pology belongs to the Greek traditional insular group. The insular house is ty pical of the cubic character of Aegean architecture: it is based on the volumetric composition of a basic, single-storey, one-roomed, orthogonal, stone-built v olume, often called monospito or single house, which is covered by a f lat roof or doma. Within this general description, howev er, the size and ratio of this basic volume v ary from island to island depending on the av ailability of timber beams to bridge the distance between the side walls. In its simplest version, with a central beam supported on a timber column (stylos) subdiv iding the interior into two equal parts, the dwelling is frequently f ound among on agricultural sites in mountainous Crete, along with the stone-arched v ersion. Yet the most elaborate and stylised v ersions of this interior conf iguration are f ound in the islands of Rhodes and Kos where, under the rule of the Knights of St. John, different construction techniques and materials prevailed, including large stone v aults and arches. In addition, as the f ortif ied parts of the capital towns of Rhodes and Kos were inhabited mainly by the knights and their f ollowers, the dwellings of the Greek population, built outside the f ortif ications, were not as restricted in terms of space as those in the Cyclades and the Sporades. ANALYTICAL GROUP OF THE TYPOLOGY Urban Grouped Fixed Def initive Permanent «Standing» Medium Compact (Environment) (Implantation) (Character) (Origin) (Use) (Cultural) (Economic level) (Morphology) FORMS OF THE TYPOLOGY Rhodian v ersion Cycladic arched version INVENTORY OF THE COUNTRY S TYPOLOGIES Cycladic-type dwelling Dodecanesian or Rhodian arched interior Vaulted Cycladic version Multi-storey inland dwelling Single-storey inland dwelling Single- and double-storey maritime inland dwelling Pyrgospito tower dwelling Byzantine- and Latin-style dwelling Knights of St. John-style: the Lindian captains house Western-style or archontiko dwelling Inland Ottoman-style dwelling Insular version of the Ottoman-style dwelling Balkan-style tower dwelling Urban or continental style Suburban or coastal style This project is financed by the MEDA programme of the European Union. The opinions expressed in the present document do not necessarily reflect the position of the European Union or of its member States. 1/7

Dodec anes ian or R hod ian arc hed i nterior : Rh odi an versi on FORMS OF THE TYPOLOGY Rhodian version Implantation Use/asso ciated activit y Dating Urban fabric Altitude Orientation Ground surface

Kalithies in Rhodes, the one-roomed, rectangular house is still the general type but here it is div ided longitudinally by an arch springing f rom short internal buttresses placed in the middle of

2 Dodec anes ian or R hod ian arc hed i nterior : Rh odi an versi on FORMS OF THE TYPOLOGY Rhodian version Implantation Use/asso ciated activit y Dating Urban fabric Altitude Orientation Ground surface covered Surface area of housing Number of floors Number of homes Number of families Averag e number of members per family Functional outline As best seen in the v illages of Kattavia, Messanagros and Kalithies in Rhodes, the one-roomed, rectangular house is still the general type but here it is div ided longitudinally by an arch springing f rom short internal buttresses placed in the middle of the short walls. The door, contrary to most houses in the Cyclades, is in the middle of one of the long walls. Inside, the right-hand corner is occupied by a hearth for cooking, while a bed fills the left-hand corner. The latter comprises a permanent wooden structure similar to that in the Cyclades with a storeroom below it. In the other half of the house, beyond the arch, the two corners are occupied by similar bed structures, often with a wooden railing along their edges. In the centre of the long wall, opposite the entrance, there is sometimes a divan and, above it, a shelf on the wall where the best glass and crockery were displayed. Also, the bed structures, as best shown in Lindos, Rhodes, are quite elaborate and ornamented. Section A-B ±0 Section R-A Section E-Z Fanes (rhodes) This project is financed by the MEDA programme of the European Union. The opinions expressed in the present document do not necessarily reflect the position of the European Union or of its member States. 2/7

Dodec anes ian or R hod ian arc hed i nterior : Rh odi an versi on W alls Framework A central beam supported on a timber column (stylos) or a large, central stone arch subdiv ides the width

Rendering Openings and proj ections in the f acad e These houses are better lit than those in the Cyclades, since they are both larger and higher and have a f air sized window on either side

3 Dodec anes ian or R hod ian arc hed i nterior : Rh odi an versi on W alls Framework A central beam supported on a timber column (stylos) or a large, central stone arch subdiv ides the width into two manageable areas to roof.. A f lat roof called a doma. Rendering Openings and proj ections in the f acad e These houses are better lit than those in the Cyclades, since they are both larger and higher and have a f air sized window on either side of the door.. Traditional syst ems of air-conditioning Drinking water supply systems W aste wat er drainage systems This project is financed by the MEDA programme of the European Union. The opinions expressed in the present document do not necessarily reflect the position of the European Union or of its member States. 3/7

Dodec anes ian or R hod ian arc hed i nterior : Cycl adic arc hed vers ion FORMS OF THE TYPOLOGY Cycladic arched version Implantation Use/asso ciated activit y Dating Urban fabric Altitude

4 Dodec anes ian or R hod ian arc hed i nterior : Cycl adic arc hed vers ion FORMS OF THE TYPOLOGY Cycladic arched version Implantation Use/asso ciated activit y Dating Urban fabric Altitude Orientation Ground surface covered Surface area of housing Number of floors Functional outline As a result of 16 th and 17 th century immigration f rom Crete and Rhodes to the smaller islands of the Aegean, the arched interior was imported to the other islands in the central Aegean (the Cyclades and the Sporades). This interior was then adapted to the narrow f acade to produce the narrow-f acaded Cycladic arched interiors of this ty pology. Number of homes Number of families Averag e number of members per family +1 Elevation Section ±0 This project is financed by the MEDA programme of the European Union. The opinions expressed in the present document do not necessarily reflect the position of the European Union or of its member States. 4/7

5 Dodec anes ian or R hod ian arc hed i nterior : Cycl adic arc hed vers ion W alls Framework A central beam supported on a timber column (stylos) or a large, central stone arch subdiv ides the width into two manageable areas to roof. A f lat roof called a doma. Rendering Openings and proj ections in the f acad e These houses are better lit than those in the Cyclades, since they are both larger and higher and have a f air sized window on either side of the door. Traditional syst ems of air-conditioning Drinking water supply systems W aste wat er drainage systems This project is financed by the MEDA programme of the European Union. The opinions expressed in the present document do not necessarily reflect the position of the European Union or of its member States. 5/7

6 Dodec anes ian or R hod ian arc hed i nterior CURRENT S TA TE OF VI TALI TY AND PRESERVATION TRANSFORMATION PROCESS Typological transformations Effect / Cause Volume Facad es and clo sings Yes. Structure Organisation of space Bathrooms and toilets outside the house or in the courty ard. To adapt to the major changes in present-day comfort and lifestyle requirements. Change in use Change in use of construction materials and techniques In use, living Little used, in decline No longer used Hy draulic coating, roofs of clay ey earth or hy draulic coating (kourasani). Recent incorporations Mixed construction using reinforced concrete and bricks. Ease of construction and no need for maintenance. Cement. For economic reasons and ease of application. This project is financed by the MEDA programme of the European Union. The opinions expressed in the present document do not necessarily reflect the position of the European Union or of its member States. 6/7

7 Dodec anes ian or R hod ian arc hed i nterior CAPACITY FOR REHABILI TATION Asp ects of the t ypolog y Score from 0 (very poor) to 10 (excellent) Capacity for sale or rental on the property market 5 Capacity for adaptation to present-day f amily and social requirements 5 Capacity for adaptation to present-day comf ort requirements 4 Score from 0 (insignificant) to 10 ( major) Technical difficulty of rehabilitation 10 Administrativ e difficulty of rehabilitation 7 Financial difficulty (very high cost) of rehabilitation 10 Obstacles preventing rehab ilitation/causing the user to decide not to reh abilitate Score from 0 (does not repres ent an obstacl e) to 10 (represents a major obst acle) Administrative difficulties 7 Major technical difficulties 9 Irrev ersible deterioration of the structure 7 Listed/protected building 2 High cost of rehabilitation 10 Absence of aid/subsidies 10 Cost of the project and permits 7 Status of building/lease 5 Inf lation of property prices 0 Social decline (delinquency, ) 7 Poor env ironmental conditions (absence of minimum inf rastructures, ) 8 Desire to change the building f or a modern one 10 Lack of sensitisation/appreciation on the part of the users 10 Not considered necessary (by the user) 5 Comments LEXICON File created: 23/02/01 File last modified: 03/05/01 This project is financed by the MEDA programme of the European Union. The opinions expressed in the present document do not necessarily reflect the position of the European Union or of its member States. 7/7

Single- and double-storey maritime inland dwelling

Typo logy: Coun try: Single- and double-storey maritime inland dwelling Greece CON TE N TS OF THE FI LE Synthesis Analytical group of the typology Forms of the typology Inventory of the country s typologies