GRAAD 12 NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE GRADE 12

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Stuart Donald Green
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1 GRAAD 12 NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE GRADE 12 GEOGRAPHY P1 NOVEMBER 2010 ANNEXURE This annexure consists of 17 pages.

2 Geography/P1 2 FIGURE 1.1 FIGUUR 1.1 Global winds/globale winde Y Equator/Ewenaar 0 X 30 Z W 60 FIGURE 1.2 FIGUUR 1.2 D B C E A

3 Geography/P1 3 FIGURE 1.3 Tropical cyclone Fanele leaves trail of destruction in Madagascar For several days in the middle of January 2009, a very weak low-level circulation persisted in the Mozambique Channel. Environmental conditions favoured the rapid development of the cyclone. Fanele quickly strengthened, developing an eye feature late on 19 January. Fanele slammed into Madagascar in the early hours of Wednesday morning at wind speeds of up to 260 kilometres per hour. As it passed over the southern highlands it weakened quickly over the land. Within four hours of moving ashore its wind speed decreased and the eye feature dissipated. Formed 18 January 2009 Dissipated 23 January 2009 Highest winds 185 km/h (115 mph) (10 minutes sustained) 185 km/h

4 Geography/P1 4 FIGUUR1.3 Tropiese sikloon Fanele laat spoor van verwoesting in Madagaskar Vir etlike dae in die middel van Januarie 2009 het 'n baie swak laagdruksirkulasie oor die Mosambiekkanaal voorgekom. Omgewingstoestande het die vinnige ontwikkeling van 'n sikloon bevorder. Fanele het vinnig versterk en tot die ontwikkeling van 'n oog, laat op 19 Januarie gelei. Fanele het Madagaskar in die vroeë ure van Woensdagmôre met windsnelhede van tot 260 kilometer per uur getref. Soos wat dit oor die suidelike hooglande beweeg het, het dit vinnig oor die land verswak. Binne enkele ure nadat dit oor die land inbeweeg het, het die windsnelheid afgeneem en het die oog ontbind. Ontstaan 18 Januarie 2009 Ontbind 23 Januarie 2009 Sterkste winde 185 km/h (115 mph) (10 minute volgehou) 185 km/h

5 Geography/P1 5 FIGURE 1.4 NITROUS ACID No binding carbon cuts No commitment to aid FIGUUR 1.4 SALPETERIGSUUR EN DIE BLAAM-VERSKUIWENDE UITINGE VAN DIE RYK LANDE IN KOPENHAGEN Geen bindende koolstofinkorting Geen verbintenis tot hulpverlening

6 Geography/P1 6 FIGURE 1.5 FIGUUR buried in Taiwanese mudslide Taipei: A mudslide touched off by a typhoon has buried a mountain village in Taiwan, leaving at least 400 people unaccounted for. Typhoon Morakot slammed Taiwan over the weekend with mm of rain. A disaster appeared to be unfolding at the southern village of Shiao Lin, hit by a mudslide on Sunday and now cut off by land from the outside world. A Taiwanese official said 400 people were unaccounted for in the village. 400 begrawe in Taiwanese modderstortings Taipei: 'n Modderstorting wat deur 'n tifoon veroorsaak is, het 'n bergdorpie in Taiwan begrawe en ten minste 400 mense is nog vermis. Tifoon Morakot het Taiwan die naweek getref met mm reën. Dit lyk asof 'n ramp besig is om te ontvou in die suidelike dorpie, Shiao Lin, wat Sondag deur 'n modderstorting getref is en nou per land van die buitewêreld afgesny is. 'n Taiwanese woordvoerder sê dat 400 mense steeds in die dorpie vermis word. [Daily News, 11 August/Augustus 2009]

7 Geography/P1 7 FIGURE 1.6 FIGUUR 1.6 Trapped and used by vegetation Vasgevang en gebruik deur plantegroei Sheet flow/plaatvloei Throughflow Deurvloei Soil Grond X Impermeable rock Nie-deurlatende rots Discharge in CUMECS/Afloop in KUMEKS Rainfall in mm/reënval in mm Time from beginning of storm (hrs) Tyd vanaf aanvang van storm (ure)

8 Geography/P1 8 FIGURE 2.1 FIGUUR 2.1 Polar/Polêr PF PF Polar Front PF Poolfront Warm air/warm lug Cold air/koue lug Mid-latitude/Ferrel Middelbreedte/Ferrel Tropical/Hadley Tropiese/Hadley Equator/Ewenaar FIGURE 2.2 FIGUUR 2.2 Z Y

9 Geography/P1 9 FIGURE 2.3 FIGUUR 2.3 E B A D C FIGURE 2.4 FIGUUR 2.4 HP HD HP = High Pressure HD = Hoogdruk

10 Geography/P1 10 FIGURE 2.5 FIGUUR 2.5 Dolerite Doleriet Sandstone Sandsteen Shale Skalie FIGURE 2.6 FIGUUR 2.6 Before capture Voor roof Watershed Waterskeiding After capture Na roof Watershed Waterskeiding Kort Berg Kort Berg Gentle Geleidelik Steep Steil Gentle Geleidelik Steep Steil

11 Geography/P1 11 FIGURE 3.1 FIGUUR m Scale for settlements A, B, C and D Skaal vir nedersettings A, B, C en D FIGURE 3.3 FIGUUR 3.3 MEGALOPOLIS

12 Geography/P1 12 FIGURE 3.4 FIGUUR 3.4 Jong aktiewe mense verlaat landelike gebiede om beter lewens in die stad te soek Baie mense ly honger Ouer mense kan nie so hard werk nie Per kapita inkomste in landelike gebiede verminder Landbougrond verswak en word minder produktief FIGURE 3.5 FIGUUR 3.5 North West Noordwes Free State Vrystaat

13 Geography/P1 13 FIGURE 3.6 The Lesotho Highlands Water Project The Lesotho Highlands Water Project is Africa s largest water transfer project as well as the largest ongoing bi-national construction project on the continent. It is an ongoing water supply project with a hydropower component, developed in partnership between the governments of Lesotho and South Africa. It comprises a system of several large dams and tunnels throughout Lesotho and South Africa. In Lesotho, it involves the rivers Malibamatso, Matsoku, Senqunyane and Senqu. In South Africa, it involves the Vaal River. The purpose of the project is to provide Lesotho with a source of income in exchange for the provision of water to the central Gauteng province where the majority of industrial and mining activity occurs in South Africa, as well as to generate hydroelectric power for Lesotho (currently almost 100% of Lesotho's requirements).

14 Geography/P1 14 FIGUUR 3.6 Die Lesotho Hooglandwaterprojek Die Lesotho Hooglandwaterprojek is Afrika se grootste wateroordragskema, sowel as die langste voortgesette bi-nasionale konstruksieprojek op die kontinent. Dit is 'n voortgesette watervoorsieningsprojek met 'n hidrokrag-komponent, wat in vennootskap tussen die regerings van Lesotho en Suid-Afrika ontwikkel is. Dit bestaan uit 'n stelsel van verskeie groot damme en tonnels regdeur Lesotho en Suid-Afrika. In Lesotho behels dit die Malibamatso-, Matsoku-, Senqunyane- en Senquriviere. In Suid-Afrika behels dit die Vaalrivier. Die doel van die projek is om Lesotho van 'n inkomste te voorsien in ruil vir water vir sentraal-gauteng-provinsie waar die meeste nywerheids- en mynbou-aktiwiteite in Suid- Afrika voorkom, sowel as om hidro-elektrisiteit vir Lesotho op te wek (tans ongeveer 100% van Lesotho se behoeftes).

15 Geography/P1 15 FIGURE 4.1 FIGUUR 4.1 FIGURE 4.3 FIGUUR 4.3 Groengordel Voorstede Swaar nywerhede Ligte nywerhede Residensieel Kantore Winkels

16 Geography/P1 16 FIGURE 4.4 FIGUUR 4.4 URBAN PROBLEMS STEDELIKE PROBLEME

17 Geography/P1 17 FIGURE 4.5 Omar lives on the outskirts of Sialkot in Pakistan. In that city and the villages around it they make 75% of the world s hand-stitched footballs. They produce an amazing 35 million footballs a year. 'I have been sewing footballs since I was eight. I don't like it much. But I have to do it because I have to support my family. I work in a stitching centre. I start at 7 in the morning and end at 8 in the evening. I do 4 footballs a day and earn R24 per day.' 'I saw a World Cup match in South Africa on TV in my uncle s house. The football could have been one I sewed. But nobody at the match knew about me.' We must make more profit This British company supplies footballs. It gets them made and then sells them to clubs and sport shops at a profit. The less it pays for the footballs the more profit it will make so it searches the world for a factory to make them cheaply FIGUUR 4.5 Omar bly aan die buitewyke van Sialkot in Pakistan. In daardie stad en die omliggende boeredorpies maak hulle ongeveer 75% van die wêreld se handgestikte sokkerballe. Hulle vervaardig 'n ongelooflike 35 miljoen sokkerballe per jaar. 'Ek stik al sokkerballe vandat ek agt geword het. Ek hou nie eintlik daarvan nie. Maar ek moet dit doen om my gesin te onderhou. Ek werk in 'n stiksentrum. Ek begin soggens om 7 en maak saans rondom 8 klaar. Ek maak 4 sokkerballe per dag en verdien R24 per dag.' 'Ek het 'n Wêreldbekerwedstryd in Suid-Afrika op TV in my oom se huis gesien. Die sokkerbal kon een wees wat ek gestik het. Maar niemand by die wedstryd het van my geweet nie.' Hoekom word Omar so min betaal? Dit is wat gebeur: Ons moet 'n groter wins maak Dié Britse maatskappy verskaf sokkerballe. Hulle maak dit en verkoop dit aan klubs en sportwinkels teen 'n wins. Hoe minder hulle vir die sokkerballe betaal, hoe groter hul wins daarom soek hulle wêreldwyd 'n fabriek om dit goedkoop te maak.

Geloofsvorming by kinders en jongmense

Geloofsvorming by kinders en jongmense 1. Wat is die probleem? 2. Waar kom dit vandaan? Osmer se gids vir interpretasie en reaksie op gegewe situasie. 3. Wat behoort 4. Hoe kan ons te gebeur? Daarop reageer?