UPPLEMENT REPEAT STORM SURGE DISASTERS OF TYPHOON HAIYAN AND ITS 1897 PREDECESSOR IN THE PHILIPPINES

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1 UPPLEMENT REPEAT STORM SURGE DISASTERS OF TYPHOON HAIYAN AND ITS 1897 PREDECESSOR IN THE PHILIPPINES by Janneli Lea A. Soria, Adam D. Switzer, Cesar L. Villanoy, Hermann M. Fritz, Princess Hope T. Bilgera, Olivia C. Cabrera, Fernando P. Siringan, Yvainne Yacat-Sta. Maria, Riovie D. Ramos, and Ian Quino Fernandez This document is a supplement to Repeat Storm Surge Disasters of Typhoon Haiyan and Its 1897 Predecessor in the Philippines, by Janneli Lea A. Soria, Adam D. Switzer, Cesar L. Villanoy, Hermann M. Fritz, Princess Hope T. Bilgera, Olivia C. Cabrera, Fernando P. Siringan, Yvainne Yacat-Sta. Maria, Riovie D. Ramos, and Ian Quino Fernandez (Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 97, 31 48) 2016 American Meteorological Society Corresponding author: Adam D. Switzer, Earth Observatory of Singapore, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore , Singapore aswitzer@ntu.edu.sg DOI: /BAMS-D TY 1897 STORM SURGE (TRANSLATED FROM THE ORIGINAL SPANISH DOCUMENT). Algué (1898, p. 16) describes the nature of the Ty 1897 storm as follows: At October 1897 (2300 UTC 11 October), the sea, with waves on top, started to rise as strong winds from the northeast were directed toward the Hernani coast. At 0800 (0000 UTC) 12 October, when winds from the northeast changed to the east, the water rose to its peak height of 7.3 m. The peak flood lasted for about 3 h before it gradually receded by 1100 (0300 UTC 12 October). Meanwhile, in Basey, the prevailing northeast winds pushed the seawater offshore, exposing a wide sandy beach out to about 1.2 km between Basey and Jinamoc Island (Algué 1898, p. 23). Thereafter, the came in three successive waves at 30-min intervals between 0930 (0130 UTC) and 1030 (0230 UTC) 12 October The water gradually rose and on the last wave reached a maximum level of 4.9 m. The peak flooding corresponded with the most violent winds from the southeast. In the nearby Tacloban Port, water rose to 4.6 m and in Cancabato Bay up to around 3.9 m. Algué (1898, p. 27) further quoted the chief of Tacloban Port in 1897, Mr. Joaquin Fontan, who recounted the water depths and the corresponding time of the rise and fall of the flood in Tacloban. The water rose waist-deep at about 1115 (0315 UTC) 12 October, coinciding with winds coming from the northeast. The water may have risen about 3 4 m and remained at that height until 1415 (0615 UTC) 12 October and then subsequently subsided to a knee-deep level by 1530 (0730 UTC) 12 October. The peak flooding coincided with the winds blowing from the east to east-southeast, directly perpendicular to the Tacloban coast. In close proximity to the eye of Ty 1897 at Tanauan and Tolosa, the water rose to 3 m. AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY JANUARY 2016 ES3

2 Fig. ES1. Photos of similar structural damage on a (top) church and on a (bottom) house sustained from Ty 1897 and Typhoon Haiyan storm s, respectively, in Hernani, Samar. ES4 JANUARY 2016

3 Table ES1. Summary of eyewitness accounts around San Pedro Bay on maximum flood depths, timing, and duration of the inundation two weeks after the Typhoon Haiyan disaster. Additional observations include wind direction and number of wave sets. The code for watermarks is as follows: EW is eyewitness, RD is rafted debris, SH is ship, MI is mud line inside, MO is mud line outside, TS is scars on trees, BS is scars on buildings, and WC is wall clock. Point Time/date Locality Latitude ( N) Longitude ( E) Overland flow depth (m) Watermark Timing of the Wind direction Initial rise Peak Fall Initial Peak Post Wave sets Tacloban City Nov Nov Nov Nov Barangay (Bgy.) 20, along Del Pilar St., in between Gomez and Burgos St. Bgy. 25, Magsaysay Blvd., corner of Transmitter Rd. Hall of Justice, Magsaysay Blvd. Student Lounge, University of the Philippines Tacloban, Magsaysay Blvd. Seashore near Bethany Hospital Office of the Student Affairs Building, UP Tacloban, Magsaysay Blvd ~6 EW 0600 ~5 min EW EW 0900 or EW 0800 ~3 EW EW 0800 Burgos St EW Bgy. 36, Quezon Blvd., corner of Burgos St. Bgy. 35A, Burgos St., Tacloban City EW 0700 ~0630 ~5 min after the peak 0900 ~5 min after the peak 1000 Northwest northeast EW Westnorthwest northeast RD East Southeast

4 Timing of the Wind direction Overland flow depth (m) Watermark Longitude ( E) Wave sets Peak Initial Initial rise Peak Fall Post Latitude ( N) Point Time/date Locality Tacloban City (continued) MI, EW S.Y. Stainless, Burgos St MI, EW Bgy. 20, Tacloban City (Burgos St.) EW min Old Sagkahan Rd., corner of Kalipayan Rd EW Water stagnant for 3 h Kalipayan Rd., cor Rodarian Rd EW North Bgy. 54-A Esperas Ave, corner of Dadison St min Bgy. 60A EW 0700 Several EW Before 0730 Bgy. 56A, TS DYBR Apple radio station, TS Au: in Locality column, please provide an expansion for OSA. DYBR Apple radio station, :00 ; by 1000 no more water EW, WC Bgy. 58, Esperas Ave , the water lowered to knee-deep Bgy RD, EW (noon) Bgy EW Between 0800 and Tens of minutes Bgy. 88 EW MI, EW Bgy. 89 (San Jose Central School)

5 Nov 2013 Palo, Leyte Bgy. 89 (San Jose Central School) MO, EW Marasbaras EW Department of Budget and Management region EW Past 0900 Bgy. 83-A EW 0630 Several Bgy. 68, Anibong EW 0700 Bgy. 88, Fisherman s Village, San Jose Bgy. 70, Rawis, Anibong EW 0800 Several 1100 North Between 0800 and 0830 East then north 0800 Northeast 0830 Northwest then east EW 0800 Astrodome EW Northwest then northeast Bgy. San Joaquin EW 0700 Several Bgy. San Joaquin m EW 0700 Bgy. Baras EW 0700 Seconds Bgy. Baras BS, EW After sunrise, maybe 0600 Baras Past 0700 Several 0800 North East ; by 0830, no more water Between 0730 and 0800 North East North 3 Baras Northeast East 3 3

6 Point Time/date Locality Latitude ( N) Longitude ( E) Overland flow depth (m) Watermark Timing of the Wind direction Initial rise Peak Fall Initial Peak Post Wave sets Tanauan, Leyte Bgy. San Roque EW ; by 1200 (noon), the water has totally subsided Bgy. Santo Niño >2 EW 0800 Several Bgy. Santo Niño RD, EW 0700 Bgy. San Roque >5 EW Before 0700 Bgy. Santo Niño MI, EW Bgy. San Roque RD 0800 Several San Roque (blueroofed house) San Roque (Iglesia ni Cristo) Bgy. Canramos Bgy. Licod EW ; by 1000, the water has totally subsided North ~ ; by 1200 (noon), water has totally subsided EW Northwest East 3 Poblacion EW Bgy. Magay EW Between 0700 and 0800 Bgy. Santa Cruz EW 0800 Several Between 0800 and 0830 Tens of minutes Eastnortheast Southeast

7 Tolosa, Leyte Dulag, Leyte Bislig Elementary School EW 0530 Bgy. Bislig EW North South Bgy. Cabuynan EW ~0600 Bgy. Cabuynan EW 0730 North East Bgy. Santo Niño (zone IV) MI, EW ; by 1000, the water has totally subsided North East Provincial Rd EW 0700 Zone 1, Dona Brigida, Miramar St. Sangguniang Bayan Bldg., Poblacion EW 1000 Several EW 0700 Several 1000 Northwest or north 0900 North or northeast Poblacion EW North South Bgy. Sungi EW 0630 Several Bgy. Sungi EW Tens of minutes Calm Bgy. San Miguel EW 0700 West Calm East Bgy. Luan EW 0700 Several North Calm South

8 Point Time/date Locality Latitude ( N) Longitude ( E) Overland flow depth (m) Watermark Timing of the Wind direction Initial rise Peak Fall Initial Peak Basey, Samar Bgy. Palaypay EW Between 0700 and 0715 Bgy. Palaypay EW Several to a few minutes Bgy. Palaypay EW 0700 Several Bgy. Loyo EW 0700 A minute Bgy. Mercado EW 0800 Several Bgy. San Antonio EW Past ; by 1100, the water is still knee-deep 0800 ; by 1100, the water has totally subsided 0830 East 0800 East Post Wave sets

55 % of all sites are vulnerable to natural hazards 10 % of all sites have complaints on drinking water quality

55 % of all sites are vulnerable to natural hazards 10 % of all sites have complaints on drinking water quality Snapshot of 51 Total Existing Displacement Sites 85 % of all sites have camps managers CCCM 43 % of all sites - all IDPs have DAFAC Cards 51 % of all sites have no IDP camp committees 69 % of all sites