GREAT EARTHQUAKE DISASTER NILIM, JAPAN

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1 EAST- JAPAN GREAT EARTHQUAKE DISASTER 11 MARCH in 2011 NILIM, JAPAN

2 CONTENTS 1. Outline of the EARTHQUAKE DISASTER 2. History of EARTHQUAKE/TSUNAMI occurred in Japan 3. Disaster Prevention Policy and Strategy in Japan 4. Emergency Actions of NILIM 5. Restoration Planning

3 1.Outline of the GREAT EARTHQUAKE DISASTER

4 A. OFF-PACIFIC COAST EARTHQUAKE in TOHOKU region in Japan Occurred at PM 2:46 on 11 March 2011 Epicenter at latitude 38 6 degree north and longitude, east Focal Depth 24km Magnitude 9.0 (maximum in Japan records) TOKYO TSUKUBA Seismic i intensity it observed at East Japan area. (Reference: JMA)

5 B. Distribution of Main Shock and Aftershocks The 2011 off Pacific coast of Tohoku Earthquake Cumulative Number of Aftershocks (Magnitude>=5.0) (Reference: JMA)

6 C. Land Deformation caused by the Earthquake

7 2. History of EARTHQUAKE and TSUNAMI occurred in Japan

8 A. Comparison with Other Great Earthquake Disasters in Japan Date of Occurrence Magnitude Main Area damaged tremendously Deaths toll/missing number Persons injured Refugees at peek Kanto Great Earthquake Disaster Hanshin-Awaji Great Earthquake Disaster East Japan Great Earthquake Disaster 1 September January March Tokyo, Kanagawa, Chiba Hyogo (near Kobe, Osaka) Iwate, Miyagi, Fukushima 105,385 persons 6434 persons /3 persons 15,421 persons/ 7,937 persons 11 June) 103,733 persons 43,773 persons 5,367 persons 11 June Over 1,900 thousand Over 310 thousand Over 400 thousand Houses destroyed Completely, Partially Over 210 thousand 249,180 houses Over 230 thousand Total loss/ Financial damage 5.5 billion yen/1.5 billion yen 70 trillion yen/10 trillion yen 85 trillion yen/16 25 trillion yen Temporary house households Over 20 thousand 46, thousand ( planed housings) Feature Fatality by Fire (Wooded house dominated City-typed Disaster Super wide area typed Disaster at that time) Restoration Budget ( 1.9 billion 50 million yen) Fatality crushed by furniture or collapsed building Complex Disaster of Earthquake and Tsunami

9 B. Other Huge TSUNAMI In Recent History in East Japan Area MEIJI Sanriku TSUNAMI SHOWA Sanriku TSUNAMI Date of Occurrence 15 June 1896 (Meiji-Era) 3 March 1933 (Showa-Era) Epicenter Latitude 39 5 north Longitude 144 east Latitude 39 7 north Longitude east Focal Depth unknown 10km Magnitude Height of TSUNAMI 38.2 m m (as maximum) Fatality 21,915 persons 1,522 persons Missing 44 persons 1,542 persons Feature Arrival time from main quake:35minutes(first wave) and second wave (8 minutes later) Arrival time form main quake: 30 minutes to 60 minutes 10 and several times attacked by TSUNAMI in 6 to 7 minutes interval

10 3. Disaster Prevention Policy and Strategy in Japan

A. Law and Act Basic Act for Disaster Countermeasures 1961 Organization, Planning,

Governor/Mayor must make the Plan through the consultation of Disaster Prevention Committee C.

Coastal Levee under 63 m depth in the sea Largest in the world ( Port Kamaishi) Mitigated the

11 A. Law and Act Basic Act for Disaster Countermeasures 1961 Organization, Planning, Prevention, Emergency response, Restoration - Regional Disaster Prevention Plan Governor/Mayor must make the Plan through the consultation of Disaster Prevention Committee C. Investment into related Infra. Coastal Levee under 63 m depth in the sea Largest in the world ( Port Kamaishi) Mitigated the increasing the depth and spread of TSUMANI B. Warning system (White paper report) TSUNAMI Warning through Radio Disclose the Height of TSUNAMI Hazard mapping Training of Evacuation

12 D. Information Earthquake Early Warnings System (JMA) Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Maps (HERP) TSUNAMI Hazard Map (NILIM)

13 4. Emergency Actions conducted by NILM Just After The Earthquake

14 TEC-FORCE of NILIM,MLIT (1) Mission : Once the earthquake or other disasters occurred, Experts of NILIM are to go the site to investigate the situations from the scope of technology and engineering to support rescue activities and/or advice emergent countermeasures (2) Activities: i) Survey of damages (Depth of Tsunami in land, Damage of Structures, Safety of Roads etc.) ii) Evaluation of the ability/safety for using facilities in service iii) Proposal of methods for emergency restoration

15 TEC-FORCE of NILIM delivered to the site Area of Specialty Sewage River Engineering Coast Engineering Bid Bridge Dam Engineering Road/Pavement Architecture Archi. Fire protection Airport facility Port Facility Sabo (Sediment Disaster) Earthquake resistant Total Experts 10 June 2011) 15

16 ACTIVITIES in ROAD and BRIDGE research Team Damage of Road Facilities Damage by the Earthquake /Damage of Shoe /Damage of old typed-non earthquake proof structure Damage by Liquefaction Moving of bridge abutment Damage by TSUNAMI Washed out of Superstructure Evaluation of the ability/safety of roads to support the rescues and restorations Evaluation of load bearing ability of substructure for restoration Technical advice for emergency inspection and restoration 16

17 Damage in port facilities Damage by Quake/Liquefaction Moving of mooring to sea side, Slanting of caisson structure, Sinking of apron (Port Soma) ACTIVITIES in PORT research Team Damage by TSUNAMI Disaster of breakwater (Port Ishinomaki) Measuring the exposure depth in Port facilities Surveillance the damages of breakwater Supplying the safety information of facilities Participation as experts in the working committee for the countermeasure against TSUNAMI and Earthquake Technical advice for Earthquake proof designing 17

ACTIVITIES in COAST research Team Damage of Coastal facilities Damage by Quake/Liquefaction Sinking of coastal levee Damage by TSUNAMI Collapse of Coastal levee

preparation for Typhoon season 14 12 10 (m 8 6 4 2 0 (Figure) Results of Survey (Height of TSUNAMI) 3/19 20 3 29 4 3 3 19 20 2 4km (m) Evaluation of external

18 ACTIVITIES in COAST research Team Damage of Coastal facilities Damage by Quake/Liquefaction Sinking of coastal levee Damage by TSUNAMI Collapse of Coastal levee Scouring of breakwater Collapse Miyagi Prefecture Disaster Survey Survey of the evidence (height) of TSUNAMI Advice for local office Technical advice of the preparation for Typhoon season (m (Figure) Results of Survey (Height of TSUNAMI) 3/ km (m) Evaluation of external force by TSUNAMI for a basis of restoration planning Partial Collapse Miyagi Prefecture Partial Collapse Iwate Prefecture Without coastal levee With coastal levee 18

19 Damage of Slopes by Quake Collapse of slopes Landslide ACTIVITIES in SABO research Team In Fukushima Prefecture Evaluation the safety of slopes in residential area as a technical judgment for evacuation order to residents by local governments Cracks in line with the direction of the structure In Fukushima Prefecture In Miyagi ygprefecture Damage by TSUNAMI 19

Damage by liquefaction House sinking, Sedimentation of blew sand in town etc Damage by TSUNAMI Huge wreckage at the site

20 ACTIVITIES of BUILDING research team Damage of House and Building Collapse 111,206 (house) Half Collapse 72,809 Partial 322,470 (08/06/2011) Damage by Earthquake Medium floor collapse, Shear failure of column Survey the situations of disasters Damage by liquefaction House sinking, Sedimentation of blew sand in town etc Damage by TSUNAMI Huge wreckage at the site Collapse, Moving and Scouring of houses and buildings etc. Airport building Study for amendment/modification of related technical standard

21 1. SUMMARY : General Feature of the East Japan Huge Earthquake 1) Caused by Plate of the earth not the type caused by active fault) 2) Huge Fault occurred 450km in length, 200km in width 3) Maximum Record in Magnitude : 9.0 (In Japanese record) 4) Quake Duration : 3 minutes 5) Huge Tsunami happened 6) After quakes - many and large - 2. MAIN FEATURE of the Infra Disasters caused by the Earthquake 1) Disaster by TSUNAMI (beyond prepared countermeasures) 2) Structure damaged not so severely as in 1995 by Earthquake itself (Reference: Wave cycles ( periods ) were mostly out of Killer Pulse ) 21

22 (Reference) Type of the Wave Cycle in Earthquake Period Range Period Feature EAST JAPAN (Type of Wave (second) Earthquake Cycle) Very short Cycle < 0.5 Sensitive to furniture second Short 0.5< Cycle <1.0 Sensitive to human sec. Sort of Short 1.0< Cycle <2.0 sec. (Killer Pulse) Sensitive to Wooded house, Low and middle height of buildings Sort of long 2.0< Cycle <5.0 Sensitive to Tank, sec. Tower Long 5.0 sec.< Cycle Sensitive to Tall building Super long More than 100 sec. Sensitive to Earth itself

23 5. Restoration Planning

24 Basic Act forrestoration from East Japan Great Earthquake Disaster (enacted on 20 June 2011) 1)Secretariate setting up in Cabinet (Government, headed by Prime Minister) 2)Agency for Restoration from East-Japan Great Earthquake Disaster is to be established (Role) Planning, integrated arrangement and instrument etc. 3)New government bond for restoration 4)Special area identified for related Acts applied effectively to encourage the restoration

25 Act on Regional Development for Tsunami Disaster Mitigation (enacted on 14 December 2011) (1)Basic principle formulated by MLIT minister (2) According to (1), the anticipated Tsunami depth and inundation area set by governor, and be in public. (3) According to (1) and (2), the action plan of development elaborated by municipality In the areas designated in the plan, the reduction of bulk ratio of Tsunami evacuation building can be applied. (4) Making clear the responsibility of Governor or Mayor for maintaining protection facilities (levies, gates etc.) (5) Warning area against Tsunami and special warning area Warning area be specially improved for easy evacuation. Special warning area be developed under the limitation of land using.

26 14 April, East Japan Huge Earthquake Disaster Restoration Planning Committee, Launched in the Gov.

Population Movement in the Tohoku Region after the Great East Japan Earthquake Disaster

83 Population Movement in the Tohoku Region after the Great East Japan Earthquake Disaster Takashi ABE Abstract This paper clarifies the demographic change in the Tohoku Region after the Great East Japan