THE 20 th JULY 2017 (22:31 UTC) BODRUM-KOS EARTHQUAKE AND TSUNAMI; THE RESULTS OF FIELD SURVEYS AND NUMERICAL MODELING

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MODELING International Conference on the Recent Tsunami

1 THE 20 th JULY 2017 (22:31 UTC) BODRUM-KOS EARTHQUAKE AND TSUNAMI; THE RESULTS OF FIELD SURVEYS AND NUMERICAL MODELING International Conference on the Recent Tsunami Events in the Aegean Sea December 2017 ISPRA, JRC

2 The distribution of earthquake epicenters since 1900 Distribution of the undersea fault zones and other probable tsunamigenic sea bottom deformations

EARTHQUAKE ACTIVITY BETWEEN 20th JULY 2017

8 EARTHQUAKE ACTIVITY BETWEEN 20th JULY :31-21 ST AUGUST :00 (8403 EVENTS) (KOERI)

9 Fault mechanisms of main shock and aftershocks by KOERI Earthquake Intensity Map produced by ELER (KOERI)

10 Bodrum Peninsula Gokova Bay Bodrum and its vicinity Aegean Sea Bodrum Gumbet Bay Karaada (Black Island) Kos Island

11 Tsunami measurement at Bodrum tide-gauge station from UNESCO-IOC

12 Location map showing the distribution of the observations of the tsunami waves; obtained from locals, from debris or traces identified

13 Summary of Results of Bodrum Tsunami Survey

14 List of the surveyed places local people inquired to describe the effects of the tsunami Place Region Lon. E Lat. N Locals inquired Tsunami Measurement Wave Receding 1 Turgutreis D- Marin Turgutreis Chief of the marina No major wave oscillation 2 Olivia Restaurant Fener Beach, Akyarlar Restaurant manager No major wave oscillation 3 Kilavuz Motel Beach Akyarlar Bay Fishermen and summerhouse residents 1.2m 4 Balmahmut s Place Karaincir Restaurant manager 1.4m -1.2m 5 Aspat Beach Aspat Bay Beach workers 1.0m 6 Camel Beach Kargi Bay Beach and 0.5m -1.2m restaurant workers 7 Bitez Beach Bitez Bay Beach and 0.5m 8 Municipality Café (MC) and River Stream (RS) restaurant workers Gumbet Bay Fishermen, visitors and other locals 0.56m (MC) 1.9m (RS) 9 Bodrum Marina Bodrum Center Marina workers and m -1.7m visitors 10 Yali Café Yaliciftlik Café workers No major wave oscillation 11 Turgut Reis Fishery Harbor Turgut Reis Fisherman 0.6m -1.0m

Place Region Lon. E Lat. N Locals inquired Tsunami Wave Measurement Receding 12 Small Beach Hotel Turgut Reis 27.256784 36.

960685 Hotel manager and several beach workers 0.5m 15 La Brezza Beach Western Karaincir Bay 27.300179 36.969923 Beach Café manager 1.2m 16 Meteor 2 Eastern Karaincir 27.300932 36.

15 Place Region Lon. E Lat. N Locals inquired Tsunami Wave Measurement Receding 12 Small Beach Hotel Turgut Reis Beach bar workers No major wave oscillation 13 Meteor Beach Dogu Beach Beach workers 0.9m 14 Xanadu Island Hotel Akyarlar Peninsula Tip Hotel manager and several beach workers 0.5m 15 La Brezza Beach Western Karaincir Bay Beach Café manager 1.2m 16 Meteor 2 Eastern Karaincir Beach Café manager 1.4m Beach Bay and workers 17 Tek Sitesi Eastern Karaincir Summerhouse 0.8m-1.0m -1.5m Bay residents 18 Bitez Mor Beach Western Bitez Bay Beach Café workers - 19 Western Bitez Beach Western Bitez Bay Beach Café workers 0.9m -1.5m 20 Eastern Bitez Beach Eastern Bitez Bay Beach Café workers 0.5m -1.5m 21 Nagi Beach Gumbet Bay Beach workers 1.15m 22 Cesar Beach Gumbet Bay Hotel general m Hotel manager 23 Voyage Hotel Bodrum Marina Hotel manager and 1.0m -1.7m Bodrum Region workers 24 Kucukpoyraz Karaada (Black Island) Visual observation 1.5m-2.0m 25 Akyaka Beach and River Branch Akyaka Workers of cafes and 0.6m -1.0m fisheries cooperative THE 20 th JULY 2017 (22:31 UTC) BODRUM-KOS EARTHQUAKE AND TSUNAMI; PRELIMINARY RESULTS OF FIELD SURVEY AND NUMERICAL MODELING August 21-23, Bali

16 Gumbet Bay - The most hit area in Bodrum Peninsula - Waves receded 5min after the earthquake dry stream bed - First wave arrived minutes after the earthquake - The maximum run-up height in the stream 1.9m - The maximum inundation in the stream 100m

17 Tsunami damage in Gumbet

18 dry strea m bed

19 Bitez Bay - Next western bay of Gumbet in Bodrum Peninsula - No major tsunami damage - Flow depth 0.5m and no strong current - Western part of the bay: - Sea inundation around 250m along the stream - The run-up height: 0.9m Eastern part of the bay: - No observed/reported boat damage - small wave oscillations with 11m inundation

Tsunami effect in Karaincir Bay - The maximum run-up height 1.

20 Tsunami effect in Karaincir Bay - The maximum run-up height m m inundation distance along the stream bed stream bed

21 Tsunami effect in Karaincir Bay

22 Tsunami effect in Karaada At south coast of island (facing to epicenter) at Kucuk Poyraz bay Small gravels in the spaces on the rocks of the beach which are thought to be washed by the tsunami waves (Elevation: approximately 2m)

23 Bodrum Gokova Bay Tsunami inundation and penetration in Akyaka Village Inundated beach Maximum inundation distance 18m

24 NUMERICAL MODELING OF THE TSUNAMI Tsunami Source Scenarios and Water Level Distributions Elliptical Subsidence Assumption by Prof. A. C. Yalciner Preliminary Deformation model obtained by NAMI- DANCE from USGS by Dr. A. Annunziato (JRC-European Commission)

25 NUMERICAL MODELING OF THE TSUNAMI Tsunami Source Scenarios and Water Level Distributions Preliminary Deformation model obtained by SWAN by Dr. A. Annunziato Preliminary Deformation model obtained by Prof. Tuncay Taymaz fault model

26 NUMERICAL MODELING OF THE TSUNAMI Time histories of water surface elevations at Gumbet Bay and Bitez Bay

27 NUMERICAL MODELING OF THE TSUNAMI Time histories of water surface elevations at Karaincir Bay and Karaada

28 NUMERICAL MODELING OF THE TSUNAMI Tsunami Source Scenarios and Water Level Histories FFM by NOA N O R T H D I P P I N G S O U T H D I P P I N G

29 NUMERICAL MODELING OF THE TSUNAMI Time histories of water surface elevations at Gumbet Bay and Bitez Bay

30 NUMERICAL MODELING OF THE TSUNAMI Karaada ve Karaincir Koyundaki zamana bağlı su seviyesi değişimleri

31 Tsunami Early Warning in NEAM Region for 20 th July 2017 Bodrum-Kos Earthquake All of four Tsunami Service Providers have disseminated tsunami alert messages for 20 th July Bodrum-Kos Earthquake within 10 to 20 minutes after the earthquake. First messages were in WATCH alert level which were followed by ONGOING messages due to the tsunami observations in Bodrum and Plimiri tide-gauge stations. Tsunami END messages have been disseminated within 3 to 4,5 hours after the earthquake.

32 Discussion and Conclusion The 20 July 2017 Bodrum/Kos earthquake and tsunami was quite a strong event that caused damage to southern coast of Bodrum Peninsula. Gumbet Bay is the most hit and damaged region with more than 1m of flow depth and the inundation distance reached up to 60m at some places. Tsunami penetration is much higher wherever any streambeds exist in the bays such as in Karaincir, Bitez and Gumbet Bays. The maximum inundation distance reaches up to 250m along the stream. According to the preliminary elevation measurements performed by topographical engineering division of Bodrum Municipality, the maximum run-up was determined as 1.9m in Gumbet Bay. Similarities between the layout and boat parking locations of Bitez bay and Gumbet bay but significant different tsunami behavior in these two bays. While significant inundation, strong whirlpools, currents and consecutive damaging motions occur, dragged all small crafts, damaged about 30 boats, and caused sinking 10 boats in Gumbet bay, there was no dragging and damaging of the boats in Bitez bay.

33 Discussion and Conclusion Fener Beach seems the most probable boundary of significant inundation at the western end Yaliciftlik Bay is the most probable boundary at the eastern end Karaada island located in between Bodrum and Kos acted as a tsunami breakwater and protected Bodrum town. There may be higher runup at some other small narrow bays at South of Karaada where the survey could not be performed at those critical bays facing to Epicenter location. For Kos Island part; Most of the damage from the tsunami occurred in the port where a wave height of about 1.5 m has been detected. In many other locations along the Kos island signs of tsunami were measured with heights ranging between 0.5 and 0.8 m. The earthquake also damaged several sections of the port, old and historical buildings and some private buildings: detailed inspections are under way.

34 Acknowledgement Bodrum and Datca branches of Turkish Chamber of Civil Engineers (TCCE) Bodrum Municipality EC project Assessment, Strategy And Risk Reduction for Tsunamis in Europe - FP7-ENV , Grant (ASTARTE) EC DG ECHO funded ECHO/SUB/2015/718568/PREV26-"Probabilistic Tsunami hazard maps for the NEAM Region" (TSUMAPS-NEAM) Japan Turkey Joint Research Project by JICA on earthquakes and tsunamis in Marmara Region (MarDiM) SATREPS Erasmus+ program EC Turkish National Agency funded Contract number TR01-KA , Training Of Youth for Preparedness Against Marine Induced Hazards, (TROYO) TUBITAK 113M556, TUBITAK 108Y227 Projects and UDAP-Ç project granted by Disaster Emergency Management Presidency of Turkey (AFAD) METU Faculty of Engineering DOLFEN Engineering, Consultancy Company Oya Butik Hotel in Bodrum KOERI-Regional Earthquake-Tsunami Monitoring Center (RETMC) Department of Earthquake Engineering from KOERI Underwater Research Society Turkey, Philip England, Chiara Projetti, Ocal Necmioglu, Naeimeh Sharghivand, Emrecan Isik, Duygu Tufekci, Ghazal Khodkar, Can Goztepe, Bora Yalciner, Andrey Zaytsev, Marinos Charalampakis, Şükrü Ersoy, and Tuncay Taymaz

35 THANKS FOR YOUR KIND ATTENTION

Response to Tsunami Disaster -the Great East Japan Earthquake 2011-

Response to Tsunami Disaster -the Great East Japan Earthquake 2011- JAPAN COAST GUARD Hydrographic and Oceanographic Department (JHOD) Outline I. Response to Tsunami Disaster 2011 II. International meeting