Work on Malus / Pyrus in Bosnia and Herzegovina

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1 Work on Malus / Pyrus in Bosnia and Herzegovina Gordana Đurić Genetic Resources Institute, University of Banjaluka

2 Background Within last decades of past century only very few researches on germplasm in BiH were done. Pear autochthonous cultivars were collected between 1976 and 1980 in great expedition on Balkans (Zwet et al, 1978). 225 accessions of pear were collected in Serbia, Kosovo and Metohija, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Macedonia and Montenegro. These pear collections are placed in Corvallis and Kearneysville (Paunović, 1992). Some fruit collections were established as educational fields at agricultural faculities and schools (Betanija/Sarajevo; Goražde), but during last decades of 20th century all tress were destroyed.

3 During 80 s through SFRJ Strategy of Technological Development it was planned to establish Yugoslav Plant Gene Bank as federal institution, Within this project all relevant institutions from BiH were involved. After disintegration of Yugoslavia nothing was done regarding conservation of plant genetic resources in Bosnia and Herzegovina for many years.

4 SEEDNet South Eastern European Developing Network on PGR The Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency SIDA has decided in 2003 to support the establishment of a regional South Eastern European network on plant genetic resources with following activities: PGR policy development Training, education and raising of public awareness Development of infrastructure and supply of equipment for PGR Conservation ex situ, in situ, in vitro, and on farm Inventorying, collecting and exchange of PGR Documentation of information on PGR and traditional knowledge related to plant use Characterisation and evaluation of PGR

5 SEEDNet Aims to contribute to the establishment and strengthening of national programmes on PGR in order to secure the conservation of PGR in the region to promote a sustainable utilisation of PGR to strengthen collaboration, networking and linkages among various stakeholders at both national and regional levels through pooling of resources and use of comparative advantages available in the various institutions and countries

6 SEEDNet Objectives Establishment of national PGR strategies and work plans Strategies for conservation and sustainable utilisation of PGR at the national and regional level Established standards and improved conditions for the conservation of PGR National inventories of PGR Documentation on PGR material Network activities and projects on conservation and utilisation

7 SEEDNet South Eastern European Developing Network on PGR SEEDNet partners: 1. Albania 2. Croatia 3. BiH -Federation f B&H 4. BiH- Republika Srpska 5. FYR Macedonia 6. Kosovo 7. Montenegro 8. Serbia 9. Slovenija 10. Romania 11. Bulgaria 12. Moldova 13. Hungary

8 SEEDNet Working Groups Fruits and Vitis Vegetables Industrial Crops Fodder Crops Cereals and Maize Medicinal and Aromatic Plants SEEDNet WGs are consisted of one representative from each SEEDNet partner each WG has 13 members!

9 Bosnia and Herzegovina become an ECP GR member in 2008, during the last year of the VII phase. Implementation of ECP GR activities are organized on the base od entity s SeedNet working groups. According the constitutional rules (Dayton Peace Agreement) all resources issues are placed under the jurisdiction of Entities

10 Work on Malus and Pyrus is based on coolaboration two entities Fruit and Vitis WGs. Finansing of these activities are different, because the natural resourses are under the control of the entity. Programme on PGR has been established only in Republika Srpska in The Action plan is adopted and regular finansing is provided. All PGR activities are advised by the PGR Committee and Genetic Resources Institute of University of Banjaluka is a Programme implementation body ( There is no regular finansing if PGR activities in FBiH till now.

11 Through the regional SEEDNet project Characterization of apple local varieties (Malus domestica Borkh.) from South East European region 147 accessions from the region are described according descriptors (taken from Descriptor list for apple /Malus/, IBPGR, Rome, 1982, except VI) and these will be published in Balkan Apple Pomology (CBM staff is responsible for editing) (see: mid=91

12 Trenings done through Seednet: Ms Inger Hjalmarsson and members of the BiH- RS Fruits and Vitis WG, Bijeljina 2009.

13 Public awareness: Work with schools Exhibition of the best photos of secondary agricultural schools students with support of the Ministry of Education and Culture of Republic of Srpska on the theme "Preserve the old varieties of fruit trees ; Banjaluka 2009.

14 Malus / Pyrus collections in BiH Holder institution: Fruit nursery Srebrenik. Location: Špionica (FBiH). Plantation: Number of apple accessions: 17 auchthonous apple cultivars: Đulabija, Funtača, Srebrenička, Lederka, Budimka, Senabija, Rebrača, Samoniklica, Žuja, Ljepocvijetka, Kanjiška, Ruzmarinka, Dobrić, Bobovec, Sarija, Paradija, Šarenika. Number of pear accessions: 34 auchthonous pear cultivars Dolokrahan, Avraška, Lubeničarka crna, Kanjuška crna, Aliđunka, Rančica, Miholjača, Hambarka, Stambolka, Jeribasma, Urumenka, Ljeskovača, Šećerka, Okrugljača, Debelkora, Takiša, Begarka, Minđušica, Mesnjača, Crna urumenka, Ćopa, Zimnjača, Huseinbegovača, Karamut, Hasanagićka, Sarajka, Budaljača, Tikvenjača, Crna izmirka, Ahmetova, Krakača, Kaličanka, Kačmorka, Zelenika.

15 Some references for apple collection Srebrenik : Fuad Gaši Genetical and pomologocal variabilty of auchthonous apple cultivars in BiH. Doctoral thesis, University of Zagreb, Faculty of Agronomy. Fuad Gaši, Nermina Spaho, Besim Salkić, Pakeza Drkenda, Ivan Pejić, Mirsad Kurtović Use of high heritability pomologic markers in determination of domestic and domesticated apple genofond in Bosnia and Herzegovina; Radovi Poljoprivrednog fakulteta Univerziteta u Sarajevu 59, Sarajevo. Fuad Gaši, Silvio Šimon, Naris Pojskić, Besim Salkić, Firdeusa Hadžimurtezić, Mirsad Kurtović, IvanPejić Genetic analyses of homonyms within autochtonous apple germplasm in Bosnia and Herzegovina using SSR markers; Radovi Poljoprivrednog fakulteta Univerziteta u Sarajevu 60, Sarajevo.

16 Pear collection Srebrenik: Besim Salkić (in progress): Characterization of auchthonous pear germplasm in BiH. Doctoral thesis, University of Banjaluka, Faculty of Agriculture.

17 CLONAL ARCHIVE - SREBRENIK

18 Holder institution: Genetic Resources Institute, University of Banjaluka (FAO code: BiH039) Location: Banjaluka (Rep. Srpska). Plantation: Replanted Number of apple accessions: 18 auchthonous apple cultivars: Zelenika, Kanada, Senabija, Bobovec, Srebrenjača, Cvjetača, Ovčiji nos, Lederka, Plemka, Slatka Zelenika, Kanjiška, Habikuša, Srebrenika, Šarenika, Funtača, Sadička, Eliflana, Staklara. Number of pear accessions:13 auchthonous pear cultivars: Medenka, Huseinbegovača, Stambolka, Urumenka, Avraška, Izmirska, Batva, Duplagica, Lederica, Karamut, Kantaruša, Ranka, Lubeničarka.

19 Fruits collection MANJAČA, plantation in 2007.

20 New Malus / Pyrus collection in Holder institution: Genetic Resources Institute, University of Banjaluka Location: Miljeno (Čajniče, Republic of Srpska). Number of apple accessions: 33 auchthonous apple cultivars; Šarenika, Slatka šarenika, Šarunija, Kiseljača, Švabulja, Đulabija, Zećuša, Glavača, Stari crveni delišes, Petrovača, Glatka Kanada, Kanada švabica, Slatka kanada, Kanada, Limunka, Cvjetača, Bobovača, Kolatuša, Krompiruša, Zveka, Budalača, Crvena ljutika, Samolikla, Đulabija, Japanska jabuka, Slatka Muslimača, Pazarka slatka, Cenabija, Slatka zelenika, Lederka, Prukljika, Srebrenjača. Number of pear accessions: 33 auchthonous pear cultivars: Lubeničarka, Gospojinjača, Žutika, Medunjak, Mirisavka, Kalunka, Šećerka, Begarnuta, Takiša, Zobnjača, Mednica, Jeribasma, Ječmenica, Carigratka, Zimnjaka, Carevka, Bijela takiša, Crvena takiša, Ilinjača, Glibanjka, Đedovača, Mirisavka, Sjerak, Kantaruša

21 Lubeničarka (Vlasenica, 2011)

22 Lubeničarka (Loznica, 2011)

23 Aliđunka (Srebernik collection, 2011)

24 In the Balkans, which for centuries shaken by wars and migrations, and where migration and the nomadic life, practically, are a secular way of life, fruits are the synonymous with the peaceful of life and the first sign that someone is settled in one place, where in front of him long enough to see the safety can be planted fruit trees that will for many years to grow, flower and fruiting. This, almost cult relationship with fruit trees has necessitated that the myriad of places in accordance with the customs of different ethnic and religious groups that were encountered in this region, contacted and infused, local populations were grown and kept a variety of fruit trees as part of their personal, and cultural identity. It is on this relationship to fruit trees, the Balkan region has become a treasure in which the different species and varieties of natural populations of spontaneously separate genotypes, ensured longevity ie, a relatively small area is extremely rich in preserved fruit gene pool.

25 Bosnia and Herzegovina is especially interesting because after the collapse of the Ottoman Empire, during which many varieties of apples and pears were introduced in this area, Austro-Hungary also introduced a number of Western European varieties. People are spontaneously spread of both conducted and crosses between them. The result is a large diversity of fruit plants, whose survival today is endangered due to urbanization and new migration. Problem in the identification of these varieties is that with the migration of people, knowledge about the origin and properties of these varieties disappears.

26 Thank you for your attention!