STATISTIČKI INFORMATOR BROJ 2. STATISTICAL BULLETIN

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1 CENTRE OF PUBLIC EMPLOYMENT SERVICES CENTAR OF SOUTHEAST JAVNIH SLUŽBI EUROPEAN ZA ZAPOŠLJAVANJE COUNTRIES ZEMALJA JUGOISTOČNE EVROPE STATISTIČKI INFORMATOR BROJ 2. STATISTICAL BULLETIN No. 2 JULI JULY

2 TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION I. MEMBER COUNTRIES OF THE CENTRE OF PUBLIC EMPLOYMENT SERVICES OF SOUTHEAST EUROPEAN COUNTRIES BASIC DATA BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA 4 BULGARIA 7 MONTENEGRO 10 CROATIA 13 MACEDONIA 16 ROMANIA 19 SLOVENIA 22 SERBIA 25 TURKEY 28 II. LABOUR FORCE SURVEY DATA 31 LABOUR FORCE SURVEY 31 III ADMINISTRATIVE DATA 45 EMPLOYMENT 45 UNEMPLOYMENT 46 ACTIVE EMPLOYMENT POLICY MEASURES 49 WORK PERMITS ISSUED TO FOREIGN NATIONALS 51 AUTHORS 52 ANNEX

3 INTORDUCTORY REMARK Dear readers and users, The Centre of Public Employment Services of Southeast European Countries was established in the Second Conference of Public Employment Services of Southeast European Countries, held in May 2007 in Belgrade, Republic of Serbia, by signing the Operation Guidelines of the Centre. Major objectives in establishing the Centre are to exchange information on implemented projects, boost regional labour mobility and increase employment in the region. Publication of the Statistical Bulletin has been envisaged as a way of exchanging experience and best practices in relevant areas among the member countries. In front of you is the second edition of the Statistical Bulletin with the content and structure defined in the Third Expert Conference ''Compilation of and Exchange of Monthly Statistics through Uniform Templates'', held on 01 April 2009 in Sarajevo. The is the result of the work of experts of the Labour and Employment Agency of Bosnia and Herzegovina, presiding over the Centre in 2009, and experts of public employment services of the member countries of the Centre. The responsibility for preparation of national data is on the experts of public employment services, members of the Centre, while the Labour and Employment Agency of Bosnia and Herzegovina has the responsibility of preparing and publishing the Statistical Bulletin itself. This issue is available on the Website of the Centre ( in electronic format as bilingual publication (in English and languages in official use in Bosnia and Herzegovina). 3

4 MEMBER COUNTRIES OF THE CENTRE OF PUBLIC EMPLOYMENT SERVICES OF SOUTHEAST EUROPEAN COUNTRIES - BASIC DATA BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA OFFICIAL NAME: CAPITAL : ADMINISTRATIVE ORGANIZATION: POPULATION (2008) AREA: BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA SARAJEVO 2 ENTITIES (FEDERATION OF BIH AND REPUBLIKA SRPSKA) AND BRČKO DISTRICT OF BIH 3,842,000 (estimate) 51, KM² GDP GROWTH RATE (2008): 5.5 GDP per capita (2008): CURRENCY: 3,340 EUR CONVERTIBLE MARK (BAM) POPULATION AND LOCATION Bosnia and Herzegovina is located in southeast of Europe, in the central part of the Balkan Peninsula. It is bordered by the Republic of Croatia to the north, west and southwest and by the Republic of Serbia and Republic of Montenegro to the east and south. The total area of the country is 51,209.2 km² (of which 51,197 km² is land and 12.2 km² is the sea). According to the most recent census from 1991, 4,377,033 persons lived in the territory of BiH. According to 2008 estimates of the BiH Agency for Statistics, Bosnia and Herzegovina has the population of 3,842,265. Population by gender and age groups according to the last Census (1991) Country Bosnia and Herzegovina Gender 0-14 Men Women 65+ 4,377,033 Men 2,183, Source: BiH Agency for Statistics Women 2,193,

5 Natural fluctuation of the population (estimated) Population in the middle of the year 3,860,000 NATURAL FLUCTUATION OF THE POPULATION (estimate) 3,855,000 3,855, ,798, ,828, ,832, ,842, ,843, ,855, ,855, ,842,265 Source: BiH Agency for Statistics ECONOMY 3,840,000 3,820,000 3,800,000 3,780,000 3,760,000 3,798,000 3,842,000 3,843,000 3,842,265 3,828,000 3,832, In the period the trend of maintaining stable macroeconomic policy in Bosnia and Herzegovina was noticeable. Per capita GDP also has a trend of stable growth, although comparison over time is problematic due to lack of reliable data on the overall population. The trend of sustainable economic growth from previous years was continued in According to estimates, real GDP growth is 5.5, per capita GDP amounts to 3,340 EUR, while inflation has registered a growth and its annual average is 7.4. Gross Domestic Product in period GDP, current prices, national currency GDP, in million EUR GDP, per capita, EUR GPD, Actual growth in ,599 5,931 1, ,829 6,559 1, ,505 7,416 1, ,786 8,071 2, ,928 8,655 2, ,121 9,777 2, ,950 10,712 2, ,100 12,833 3, Source: BiH Agency for Statistics, Central Bank of BiH 5

6 REAL GDP GROWTH IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA Inflation rates in period Inflation rate INFLATION RATES IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA Source: BiH Agency for Statistics, Central Bank of BiH Foreign direct investment in period Foreign direct investment, Net in million EUR , , , , , , ,223, ,000 Source: FIPA 1,400,000 1,200,000 1,000, , , , ,000 FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT IN BOSNA AND HERZEGOVINA , , , , , ,439 1,223, ,

7 BULGARIA OFFICIAL NAME: CAPITAL: ADMINISTRATIVE ORGANIZATION: POPULATION (2008): AREA: REPUBLIC OF BULGARIA SOFIA 28 PROVINCES 7,606,550 (estimate) 110,910 KM² GDP GROWTH RATE (2007): 6.2 GDP per capita (2007): CURRENCY: 3,765 EUR BULGARIAN LEV (BGN) POPULATION AND LOCATION The Republic of Bulgaria is an East European state bordered by Greece, Turkey, Serbia, Macedonia and Romania. The total area of Bulgaria is 110,910 square kilometres. According to the 2001 census, Bulgaria had the population of 7,932,984. Population by gender and age groups according to the last Census (2001) Country Bulgaria Gender 0-14 Men Women 65+ 7,932,984 Men 3,862,465 1,216,871 5,386,602 2,676,945 2,709,657 1,329,306 Source: National Statistical Institute Women 4,066,

8 Natural fluctuation of the population (estimated) Population in the middle of the year NATURAL FLUCTUATION OF THE POPULATION (estimate) ,913, ,868, ,823, ,781, ,739, ,697, ,658, ,606,550 Source: National Statistical Institute 8,000,000 7,900,000 7,800,000 7,700,000 7,600,000 7,500,000 7,400,000 7,913,300 7,868,900 7,823,500 7,781,100 7,739,900 7,697,500 7,658,300 7,606, ECONOMY The sustainable economic growth in the Republic of Bulgaria from previous years was continued in According to estimates, real GDP growth was 6.0, per capita GDP was 4,466 EUR, while inflation registered a growth and its annual average was Gross Domestic Product in period GDP, current prices, national currency GDP, in million EUR GDP, per capita, EUR GPD, Actual growth in ,709 15,158 1, ,402 16,531 2, ,628 17,667 2, ,823 19,807 2, ,797 21,835 2, ,361 25,184 3, ,520 28,837 3, ,728 34,045 4, Source: National Statistical Institute 8

9 REAL GDP GROWTH IN BULGARIA Inflation rates in period Inflation rate Source: National Statistcal Institute INFLATION RATES IN BULGARIA Foreign direct investment in period Foreign direct investment, Net in million EUR FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT IN BULGARIA , , , , , ,163.0 Source: National Statistical Institue , , , , , ,

10 MONTENEGRO OFFICIAL NAME: CAPITAL: ADMINISTRATIVE ORGANIZATION: POPULATION (2007): AREA: REPUBLIC OF MONTENEGRO PODGORICA 21 MUNICIPALITIES 626,187 (estimate) 13,812 KM² GDP GROWTH RATE (2007): 10.7 GDP per capita (2007): CURRENCY: 4,484 EUR EURO (EUR) POPULATION AND LOCATION Montenegro is a country located in Southeastern Europe on the Balkan Peninsula. The total area of Montenegro is approximately 13,812 km 2. It is bordered by Croatia (25 km) to the west, Bosnia and Herzegovina to the north (225 km), Serbia to the east (203 km including Kosovo and Metohija), Albania to the south (172 km), and separated from Italy by the Adriatic. The coast length is km. According to the 2003 census, Montenegro has the population of 620,145. Population by gender and age groups according to the last Census (2003) Country Montenegro Gender 0-14 Men Women ,145 Men 305, , , , ,049 79,702 Women 314,920 Izvor / Source: Monstat 10

11 Natural fluctuation of the population (estimated) Population in the middle of the year NATURAL FLUCTUATION OF THE POPULATION (estimate) , , , , , , , * Source: Monstat *Note: Data for 2008 were not available ECONOMY 628, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , * Montenegro did not only achieve macroeconomic stability in 2007, but also entered the cycle of economic growth and development. All macroeconomic indicators confirm this. GDP growth rate in 2007 was 10.7 and GDP per capita amounted to 4,484 EUR. Inflation was 4.2, but in 2008 it was increased to 7.4. Gross Domestic Product in period GDP, current prices, national currency GDP, in million EUR GDP, per capita, EUR GPD, Actual growth in ,295,110 1, , ,360,353 1, , ,510,128 1, , ,669,783 1, , ,814,994 1, , ,148,998 2, , ,807,948 2, , * Source: Monstat *Note: Data for 2008 were not available. 11

12 REAL GDP GROWTH IN MONTENEGRO Inflation rates in period Inflation rate INFLATION RATES IN MONTENEGRO Source: Monstat Note: Statistical Office of Montenegro (MONSTAT) has so far not monitored foreign direct investment. 12

13 UBLIKA CRNA G CROATIA OFFICIAL NAME: REPUBLIC OF CROATIA CAPITAL: ADMINISTRATIVE ORGANIZATION: POPULATION (2008): AREA: ZAGREB 20 COUNTIES AND THE CITY OF ZAGREB 4,434,000 (estimate) 56,542 KM² GDP GROWTH RATE (2008): 2.4 GDP per capita (2008): CURRENCY: 10,682 EUR KUNA POPULATION AND LOCATION The Republic of Croatia is a Central European, Mediterranean and the Balkan country situated at the Adriatic coast between Slovenia and Bosnia and Herzegovina. Croatia has the total area of 87,661 km², of which 56,594 km² is land. It borders with six countries: Bosnia and Herzegovina, Slovenia, Hungary, Serbia, Montenegro and has a sea border with Italy at the Adriatic. According to the 2001 census, the total population of Croatia was 4,437,460. Population by gender and age groups according to the last Census (2001) Country Croatia Gender 0-14 Men Women 65+ 4,437,460 Men 2,135, Women 2,301,560 Source: Central Bureau of Statistics of the Republic of Croatia 13

14 Natural fluctuation of the population (estimated) Population in the middle of the year NATURAL FLUCTUATION OF THE POPULATION (estimate) ,437, ,443, ,442, ,439, ,442, ,440, ,436, ,434,000 Source: Central Bureau of Statistics of the Republic of Croatia ECONOMY 4,444,000 4,442,000 4,440,000 4,438,000 4,436,000 4,434,000 4,432,000 4,430,000 4,428,000 4,437,000 4,443,000 4,442,000 4,439,000 4,442,000 4,440,000 4,436,000 4,434, Due to the global financial crisis, economic activity underwent a slowdown in the second part of 2008 and real GDP growth in 2008 was 2.4, a slowdown of 3.1 percentage points on the previous year. GDP per capita in Euros was increased by 10.6 on the previous year amounting to 10,682 EUR. Inflation rate registered a growth and its annual average was 6.1. Gross Domestic Product in period GDP, current prices, national currency GDP, in million EUR GDP, per capita, EUR GPD, Actual growth in ,796 25,538 5, ,223 28,112 6, ,012 30,011 6, ,550 32,759 7, ,367 35,725 8, ,341 39,102 8, ,223 42,833 9, ,159 47,370 10, Source: Central Bureau of Statistics of the Republic of Croatia 14

15 REAL GDP GROWTH RATE IN CROATIA Inflation rates in period Inflation rate INFLATION RATES IN CROATIA Source: Central Bureau of Statistics of the Republic of Croatia Foreign direct investment in period Foreign direct investment, Net in million EUR , , , , , , , Source: Central Bureau of Statistics of the Republic of Croatia 4, , , , , , , FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT IN CROATIA , , , , , , ,

16 REPUBLIKA MACEDONIA HRVATSKA OFFICIAL NAME: CAPITAL: ADMINISTRATIVE ORGANIZATION: POPULATION (2007): AREA: REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA SKOPJE 84 MUNICIPALITIES AND THE CITY OF SKOPJE 2,034,000 (estimate) 25,713 KM² GDP GROWTH RATE (2007): 5.9 GDP per capita (2007): CURRENCY: 2,646 EUR MACEDONIAN DENAR POPULATION AND LOCATION The Republic of Macedonia is a Southeast European state situated on the Balkan Peninsula. The total area of Macedonia is 25,713 km². According to the 2002 census, the overall population of Macedonia amounted to 2,022,547. Of that number, 64.2 were Macedonians, 25.2 Albanians, 3.9 Turks, 2.7 Roma, 1.7 Serbs, 0.8 Bosniaks, 0.5 Vlachs and others. Population by gender and age groups according to the last Census (2002) Country Macedonia Gender Men Women 65+ 2,022,547 Men 1,015, ,280 1,381, , , ,915 Source: State Statistical Office Women 1,007,

17 Natural fluctuation of the population (estimated) Population in the middle of the year ,035, ,020, ,027, ,032, ,037, ,040, ,043, * Source: State Statistical Office *Note: Data for 2008 were not available. ECONOMY 2,050,000 2,040,000 2,030,000 2,020,000 2,010,000 2,000,000 NATURAL FLUCTUATION OF THE POPULATION (estimates) 2,035,000 2,020,000 2,043,000 2,040,000 2,037,000 2,032,000 2,027, Economic growth in the Republic of Macedonia from previous years was maintained in According to estimates, real GDP growth rate was 5.9, GDP per capita amounted to 2,646 EUR, and inflation rate was 2.3. Inflation rate in 2008 registered a growth and its annual average was 8.3. Gross Domestic Product in period GDP, current prices, national currency GDP, in million EUR GDP, per capita, EUR GPD, Actual growth in ,841 3,706 1, ,970 3,872 1, ,486 4,119 2, ,257 4,298 2, ,619 4,534 2, ,915 4,892 2, ,322 5,408 2, * Source: State Statistical Office *Note: Data for 2008 were not available. 17

18 REAL GDP GROWTH IN MACEDONIA Inflation rates in period Inflation rate INFLATION RATES IN MACEDONIA Source: State Statistical Office Foreign direct investment in period Foreign direct investment, Net in million EUR , , , , , , , * Source: State Statistical Office *Note: Data for 2008 were not available. 500, , , , , , , , ,000 50,000 0 FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT IN MACEDONIA ,104 77,812 80, , , , ,

19 ROMANIA OFFICIAL NAME: CAPITAL: ADMINISTRATIVE ORGANIZATION: POPULATION (2008): AREA: REPUBLIC OF ROMANIA BUCHAREST 41 COUNTIES AND THE CITY OF BUCHAREST 21,528,627 (estimate) 238,392 KM² GDP GROWTH RATE (2008): 7.1 GDP per capita (2008): - CURRENCY: LEV (RON) POPULATION AND LOCATION Romania is a Southeast European state. It is bordered by Ukraine and Moldova to the southeast, Hungary and Serbia to the west and Bulgaria to the south. Natural fluctuation of the population (estimated) Population at the beginning of the year ,430, ,833, ,772, ,711, ,658, ,610, ,565, ,528,627 Source: EUROSTAT* NATURAL FLUCTUATION OF THE POPULATION (estimate) 22,430,457 21,833,483 21,772,774 21,711,252 21,658,528 21,610,213 21,565,119 21,528,

20 *EUROSTAT explanation and methodology: The inhabitants of a given area on 1 January of the year in question (or, in some cases, on 31 December of the previous year). The population is based on data from the most recent census adjusted by the components of population change produced since the last census, or based on population registeres. ECONOMY Macroeconomic situation in Romania is stable. Economic growth from previous years was maintained in According to estimates, real GDP growth is 7.1. Inflation rate registered a growth and its annual average is 7.9. Gross Domestic Product in period GDP, current prices, national currency GDP, in million EUR GDP, per capita, EUR GPD, Actual growth in Source: EUROSTAT* *EUROSTAT explanation and methodology: Gross domestic product (GDP) is a measure of economic activity, defined as the value of all goods and services produced less the value of any goods or services used in their creation. The calculation of the annual growth rate of GDP volume is intended to allow comparisons of the dynamics of economic development both over time and between economies of different sizes. For measuring the growth rate of GDP in terms of volumes, the GDP at current prices are valued in the prices of the previous year and the thus computed volume changes are imposed on the level of a reference year; this is called a chain-linked series. Accordingly, price movements will not inflate the growth rate. 20

21 REALGDP GROWTH IN ROMANIA Inflation rates in period Inflation rate* INFLATION RATES IN ROMANIA Source: EUROSTAT* *EUROSTAT explanation and methodology: Harmonised Indices of Consumer Prices (HICPs) are designed for international comparisons of consumer price inflation. HICP is used for example by the European Central Bank for monitoring of inflation in the Economic and Monetary Union and for the assessment of inflation convergence under Article 121 of the Treaty of Amsterdam. 21

22 SLOVENIA OFFICIAL NAME: CAPITAL: ADMINISTRATIVE ORGANIZATION: POPULATION (2008): AREA: REPUBLIC OF SLOVENIA LJUBLJANA 210 MUNICIPALITIES 2,039,399 (estimate) 20,273 KM² GDP GROWTH RATE (2008): 3.5 GDP per capita (2008): CURRENCY: 18,196 EUR EURO POPULATION AND LOCATION The Republic of Slovenia is in Central Europe, situated between the mountain range of the Alps in the north and the Adriatic in the south. It shares the border with Croatia, Austria, Italy and Hugary. The total area of Slovenia is 20,273 km². According to the 2002 census, the overall population of Slovenia was 1,964,036. Population by gender and age groups according to the last Census (2002) Country Slovenia Gender 0-14 Men Women 65+ 1,964,036 Men 958, ,167 1,374, , , ,981 Women 1,005,460 Source: Statistical Office of the Republic of Slovenia 22

23 Natural fluctuation of the population (estimated) Population in the middle of the year NATURAL FLUCTUATION OF THE POPULATION (estimate) ,992, ,995, ,996, ,997, ,001, ,008, ,019, ,039,399 Source: : Statistical Office of the Republic of Slovenia ECONOMY 2,050,000 2,040,000 2,030,000 2,020,000 2,010,000 2,000,000 1,990,000 1,980,000 1,970,000 1,960,000 1,995,718 1,992,035 2,008,516 2,001,114 1,997,004 1,996,773 2,039,399 2,019, Slovenia had a lower economic growth in 2008 than in the previous four years. According to estimates, real GDP growth was 3.5. However, Slovenia has a very developed economy. GDP per capita is estimated at 18,196 EUR. It was ranked second among the new EU member states (after Cyprus) reaching 93 of the EU average. Inflation rate registered a growth and its annual average was 5.7. Gross Domestic Product in period GDP, current prices, national currency GDP, in million EUR GDP, per capita, EUR GPD, Actual growth in ,799,552 22,790 11, ,355,440 24,500 12, ,813,540 25,752 12, ,271,795 27,162 13, ,620,145 28,704 14, ,296,627 31,013 15, ,471 17, ,126 18, Source: : Statistical Office of the Republic of Slovenia 23

24 REAL GDP GROWTH IN SLOVENIA Inflation rates in period Inflation rate UNFLATION RATES IN SLOVENIA Source: : Statistical Office of the Republic of Slovenia Foreign direct investment in period Foreign direct investment, Net in million EUR , , ,238.9 Source: : Statistical Office of the Republic of Slovenia 2,000 1,800 1,600 1,400 1,200 1, FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT IN SLOVENIA , , ,

25 SERBIA OFFICIAL NAME: CAPITAL: ADMINISTRATIVE ORGANIZATION: POPULATION (2007): AREA: REPUBLIC OF SERBIA BELGRADE 2 AUTONOMOUS PROVINCES, 29 DISTRICTS AND THE CITY OF BELGRADE 7,381,579 (estimate) 77,474 KM² GDP GROWTH RATE (2008): 6.0 GDP per capita (2008): CURRENCY: 4,597 EUR SERBIAN DINAR POPULATION AND LOCATION Serbia is a republic in Southeastern Europe with 70 of its territory on the Balkans, while remaining 30 is in Central Europe (Panonian Plain). It borders with Croatia, Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria, Kosovo, Macedonia, Montenegro and Bosnia and Herzegovina. The total area of Serbia is 88,361 km². According to the 2002 census, the overall population of Serbia was 7,498,001. Population by gender and age groups according to the last Census (2002) Country Serbia Gender 0-14 Men Women 65+ 7,498,001 Men 3,645,930 1,224,691 5,032,805 2,494,719 2,538,086 1,240,505 Women 3,852,071 Source: Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia 25

26 Natural fluctuation of the population (estimated) Population in the middle of the year ,736, ,500, ,480, ,463, ,440, ,411, ,381, * Source: Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia *Note: Data for 2008 were not available. ECONOMY 7,800,000 7,700,000 7,600,000 7,500,000 7,400,000 7,300,000 7,200,000 NATURAL FLUCTUATION OF THE POPULATION 7,736, (estimate) 7,500,031 7,480,591 7,463,157 7,440,769 7,411,569 7,381, * GDP growth in 2008 in the Republic of Serbia was slightly lower from the previous year. According to estimates, real GDP growth was 6.0. Estimated per capita GDP was 4,597 EUR. Inflation rate was lower than in the previous year and its annual average was 6.8. Gross Domestic Product in period GDP, current prices, national currency GDP, in million EUR GDP, per capita, EUR GPD, Actual growth in , , , , , , ,133, , , ,384, , , ,687, , , ,980, , , ,362, , , ,739, , , Source: Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia 26

27 REAL GDP GROWTH IN SERBIA Inflation rates in period Inflation rate INFLATION RATES IN SERBIA Source: Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia Foreign direct investment in period Foreign direct investment, Net in million EUR , , , , , Source: Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT IN SERBIA , , , , ,

28 TURKEY OFFICIAL NAME: CAPITAL: ADMINISTRATIVE ORGANIZATION: POPULATION (2008): AREA: REPUBLIC OF TURKEY ANKARA 81 PROVINCES 71,079,000 (estimate) 780,580 KM² GDP GROWTH RATE (2008): 1.1 GDP per capita (2008): - CURRENCY: NEW TURKISH LIRA POPULATION AND LOCATION The Republic of Turkey is a state in western Asia and some 3 of its territory belongs to Southeastern Europe (southeastern part of the Balkan Peninsula). Geographically it stretches over two continents. Anatolia, the Asian part of the country, covers approximatelly 97 of the area of Turkey. The European part in eastern Thrace comprises approximatelly 3 of the country area (23,623 km²). Turkey is bordered by Greece and Bulgaria to the west, Georgia, Armenia, Azerbaijan and Iran to the east and Iraq and Syria to the south. According to the last census, the total population of Turkey was 71,517,100. Population by gender and age groups according to the last Census Country Turkey Gender 0-14 Men Women ,517,100 Men 35,901,154 18,788,587 47,835,090 24,114,713 23,720,377 4,893,423 Source: Turkish Statistical Institute Women 35,615,

29 Natural fluctuation of the population (estimated) Population in the middle of the year ,079, , ,698, ,497, ,277, ,065, ,837, ,598,000 Source: Turkish Statistical Institute 78,000,000 76,000,000 74,000,000 72,000,000 70,000,000 68,000,000 NATURAL FLUCTUATION OF THE POPULATION (estimate) 76,598,000 75,837,000 75,065,000 74,277,000 73,497,000 72,698,000 71,897,000 71,079, ECONOMY Economic growth in the Republic of Turkey in 2008 was lower than in previous years and according to estimates, real GDP growth was 1.1. Inflation rate registered growth and its annual average was Gross Domestic Product in period GDP, current prices, national currency GDP, in million EUR GDP, per capita, EUR GPD, Actual growth in , , , , , , , , Source: Turkish Statistical Institute 29

30 REAL GDP GROWTH IN TURKEY Inflation rates in period Inflation rate INFLATION RATES IN TURKEY Source: Turkish Statistical Institute Foreign direct investment in period Foreign direct investment, Net in million EUR , , , , , , , ,718 Source: Turkish Statistical Institute 25,000 20,000 15,000 10,000 5,000 0 FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT IN TURKEY ,352 1,133 1,752 2,885 10,029 19,918 21,873 17,

31 II. SURVEY DATA SOURCES LABOUR FORCE SURVEY Labour Force Survey is a research conducted to gather data on major characteristics of the working-age population, based on which the estimate of the overall labour force in the country is made, together with data on demographics, education, socio-economic standing and other characteristics of the population. The main goal of this research is to obtain data on three major, mutually exclusive categories of the population: the employed, the unemployed and the inactive. Methodological principles behind the Survey are based on the recommendations and definitions of the International Labour Organization (ILO) and the requirements of the European Statistical Office (EUROSTAT), which set the standards for the international comparability of data in the area of labour statistics. The Survey is intended to measure economic activity of the population in a short observation period comprising one week, which is called the reference week. Working-age population includes all persons aged 15 and over, divided in two major categories: labour force (economically active) and economically inactive population. Labour force or economically active population is comprised of the employed and the unemployed. The employed are persons aged 15 and over who worked during the reference week for at least one hour for a salary or a wage, nothwithstanding their formal status, or did not work but had a job to return to. The category of the unemployed is comprised of: employees (employed persons receiving a salary or a wage for their work), self-employed persons (employers running their own business and have one or more employees, and persons working for their own account and do not have any employees) and unpaid family members (family members working in a family business). The unemployed are persons aged 15 and over who were without employment in the reference week and who were actively seeking employment in the period of four weeks (during reference week and three weeks prior to it) or have found employment, and could start working within next two weeks if offered a job. Inactive persons include all persons aged 15 and over who were not in employment during reference week and who were not seeking employment during four weeks, as well as persons unwilling to start working in the next two weeks if offered a job. 31

32 Population by activity and gender Country population Age: 15 and over Active population Employed Unemployed Inactive population (in 000) Bosnia and Herzegovina Bulgaria Montenegro Croatia* Macedonia Serbia Slovenia Turkey** , , ,0 811,0 366, , , , ,0 850,0 347, , , , ,0 890,0 272, , , , ,0 305, , , , ,6 240, , , , ,7 199, , , , ,8 222, , ,7 517,3 253,2 178,4 74,8 264, ,0 509,6 263,7 212,7 51,1 245, ,7 513,4 266,7 221,9 44,8 246, , , , ,0 191, , , , , ,0 174, , , , , ,0 155, , ,5 891,7 570,4 321,3 726, ,6 907,1 590,2 316,9 721, ,3 919,4 609,0 310,4 713, , , , ,7 693, , , , , ,7 585, , , , , ,3 457, , , , , ,7 488, , , , ,0 961,0 61,0 701, , , ,0 985,0 50,0 698, , , ,0 996,0 46,0 709, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,0 *July - December 2006; October - December 2007 and 2008 **December 2008, January

33 Country Male population Age: 15 and over Active population Employed Unemployed Inactive population (in 000) Bosnia and Herzegovina Bulgaria Montenegro Croatia* Macedonia Serbia Slovenia Turkey** , ,0 743,0 528,0 215,0 579, , ,0 760,0 557,0 203,0 557, , ,0 729,0 573,0 156,0 549, , , ,8 156, , , , ,5 120, , , , ,9 103, , , , ,7 121, , ,2 244,8 141,5 100,3 41,2 103, ,2 247,8 148,8 121,7 27,0 99, ,1 249,6 150,8 126,7 24,0 98, , ,0 971,0 881,0 90,0 749, , ,0 980,0 900,0 80,0 727, , ,0 967,0 899,0 68,0 767, ,5 543,8 352,0 191,9 264, ,6 548,1 358,8 189,3 266, ,8 561,7 373,5 188,2 255, , , , ,7 339, , , , , ,8 289, , , , , ,2 221, , , , , ,2 249, , ,0 838,0 551,0 524,0 27,0 288, ,0 846,0 562,0 540,0 22,0 284, ,0 862,0 566,0 543,0 23,0 296, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,0 *July - December 2006; October - December 2007 and 2008 **December 2008, January

34 Country Female population Age: 15 and over Active population Employed Unemployed Inactive population (in 000) Bosnia and Herzegovina Bulgaria Montenegro Croatia* Macedonia Serbia Slovenia Turkey** , , ,2 149, , , , ,1 119, , , , ,8 95, , , , ,1 100, , ,5 272,5 111,7 78,1 33,6 160, ,7 261,8 115,0 91,0 24,0 146, ,5 263,8 115,9 95,1 20,8 147, , ,0 844,0 743,0 101, , , ,0 818,0 725,0 93, , , ,0 821,0 734,0 87, , ,0 347,8 218,4 129,4 462, ,0 359,0 231,4 127,6 455, ,6 357,7 235,5 122,2 458, , , , ,0 353, , , , , ,0 295, , , , , ,1 235, , , , , ,5 239, , ,0 885,0 472,0 438,0 34,0 413, ,0 887,0 474,0 446,0 28,0 414, ,0 889,0 476,0 453,0 23,0 413, , , ,0 670, , , , , ,0 631, , , , , ,0 844, , , , , ,0 934, ,0 *July - December 2006; October - December 2007 and 2008 **December 2008, January 2009 Note: The Romanian LFS data were not available at the time of preparing this Bulletin. Activity rate is the percentage of active population (labour force) in the working-age population. Employment rate is the percentage of the employed in the working-age population. 34

35 Unemployment rate is the percentage of the unemployed in the labour force. Activity rate, employment rate and unemployment rate by gender Country Male Female Bosnia and Herzegovina Bulgaria Montenegro Croatia* Macedonia Romania Serbia Slovenia Turkey** Activity rate 43,1 43,9 43,9 56,2 57,7 57,1 30,8 31,0 31,6 Employment rate 29,7 31,2 33,6 39,9 42,3 44,9 20,0 20,8 23,1 Unemployment rate 31,1 29,0 23,4 28,9 26,7 21,4 34,9 32,9 26,8 Activity rate 51,3 52,6 53,8 52,9 56,7 58,2 59,8 58,9 46,3 47,5 48,3 47,4 Employment rate 46,7 49,0 50,8 49,5 51,8 54,4 56,5 55,1 42,0 44,0 45,5 44,5 Unemployment rate 9,0 6,9 5,6 6,4 8,6 6,5 5,5 6,5 9,3 7,3 5,8 6,2 Activity rate 48,9 51,7 51,9 57,8 60,0 60,4 41,0 43,9 43,9 Employment rate 34,5 41,7 43,2 41,0 49,1 50,8 28,7 34,8 36,1 Unemployment rate 29,6 19,4 16,8 29,1 18,1 15,9 30,1 20,9 17,9 Activity rate 49,8 48,9 48,2 56,5 57,4 55,8 43,8 41,5 41,5 Employment rate 44,5 44,2 44,0 51,2 52,7 51,9 38,6 36,8 37,1 Unemployment rate 10,5 9,7 8,7 9,3 8,2 7,0 11,9 11,4 10,6 Activity rate 55,1 55,7 56,3 67,3 67,3 68,8 42,9 44,1 43,8 Employment rate 35,2 36,2 37,3 43,5 44,1 45,7 27,0 28,4 28,8 Unemployment rate 36,0 34,9 33,8 35,3 34,5 33,5 37,2 35,5 34,2 Activity rate Employment rate 58,8 58,8 59,0 64,6 64,8 65,7 53,0 52,8 52,5 Unemployment rate 5,8 6,6 4,8 Activity rate 51,0 51,0 51,4 49,3 60,1 59,7 60,5 58,0 42,5 42,8 43,0 41,4 Employment rate 40,4 41,8 44,2 41,6 49,3 50,3 53,2 49,8 32,0 33,8 35,9 34,3 Unemployment rate 20,9 18,1 14,0 15,6 17,9 15,8 12,1 14,3 24,7 21,0 16,5 17,3 Activity rate 59,3 59,7 59,5 65,7 66,4 65,7 53,3 53,4 53,6 Employment rate 55,8 56,8 56,9 62,5 63,7 63,0 49,4 50,2 51,0 Unemployment rate 6,0 4,9 4,4 4,9 4,0 4,0 7,2 5,9 4,9 Activity rate 48,0 47,8 47,7 45,8 71,5 71,3 71,3 69,1 24,9 24,8 24,6 23,5 Employment rate 43,2 43,1 41,2 38,7 64,5 64,3 61,5 58,3 22,3 22,2 21,3 19,9 Unemployment rate 9,9 9,9 13,6 15,5 9,7 9,8 13,7* 15,6** 10,3 10,3 13,5 15,2 *July - December 2006; October - December 2007 and 2008 * *December 2008, January

36 ACTIVITY RATES IN SOUTHEAST EUROPEAN COUNTRIES IN 2008 ACCORDING TO LABOUR FORCE SURVEY Bosnia and Herzegovina Bulgaria Montenegro Croatia Macedonia Slovenia Serbia Turkey LABOUR FORCE SURVEY ACTIVITY RATES IN MEN , Bosnia and Herzegovina Bulgaria Montenegro Croatia Macedonia Slovenia Serbia Turkey LABOUR FORCE SURVEY ACTIVITY RATES IN WOMEN Bosnia and Herzegovina Bulgaria Montenegro Croatia Macedonia Slovenia Serbia Turkey 36

37 LFS EMPLOYMENT RATES IN SOUTHEAST EUROPEAN COUNTRIES IN Bosnia and Herzegovina Bulgaria Montenegro Croatia Macedonia Romania* Slovenia Serbia Turkey *Source: EUROSTAT (working age 15-64) LFS EMPLOYMENT RATES IN MEN Bosnia and Herzegovina Bulgaria Montenegro Croatia Macedonia Romania* Slovenia Serbia Turkey *Source: EUROSTAT (working age 15-64) LFS EMPLOYMENT RATES IN WOMEN Bosnia and Herzegovina Bulgaria Montenegro Croatia Macedonia Romania* Slovenia Serbia Turkey *Source: EUROSTAT (working age 15-64) 37

38 LFS UNEMPLOYMENT RATES IN SOUTHEAST EUROPEAN COUNTRIES IN Bosnia and Herzegovina Bulgaria Montenegro Croatia Macedonia Romania* Slovenia Serbia Turkey *Source: EUROSTAT (working age 15-64) LFS UNEMPLOYMENT RATES IN MEN Bosnia and Herzegovina Bulgaria Montenegro Croatia Macedonia Romania* Slovenia Serbia Turkey *Source: EUROSTAT (working age 15-64) LFS UNEMPLOYMENT RATES IN WOMEN Bosnia and Herzegovina Bulgaria Montenegro Croatia Macedonia Romania* Slovenia Serbia Turkey *Source: EUROSTAT (working age 15-64) 38

39 Activity rate, employment rate and unemployment rate by gender and age Country Bosnia and Herzegovina Bulgaria Montenegro Croatia* Macedonia Serbia Slovenia Turkey** Age Activity rate Employment rate Unemployment rate : 43,1 43,9 43,9 29,7 31,2 33,6 31,1 29,0 23, ,4 33,4 33,2 12,6 13,9 17,4 62,3 58,4 47, ,0 67,0 68,6 46,5 48,8 53,4 29,5 27,1 22, ,6 38,9 40,5 30,6 31,9 34,4 16,4 17,8 15, ,6 5,9 5,4 5,5 5,7 5, (working age) 51,3 52,2 53,5 35,0 36,8 40,7 31,8 29,6 24,0 : 51,3 52,6 53,8 52,9 46,7 49,0 50,8 49,5 9,0 6,9 5,6 6, ,9 28,9 30,1 30,0 23,2 24,5 26,3 25,8 19,5 15,1 12,7 14, ,1 85,2 86,1 84,6 76,5 80,1 82,0 79,8 8,0 6,1 4,8 5, ,7 56,9 59,2 58,5 50,3 53,3 55,9 55,1 8,1 6,5 5,5 5, ,8 3,1 3,8 3,5 2,7 3,0 3,8 3,4 2,9 2,5 2,2 3, (working age) 64,5 66,3 67,8 66,9 58,6 61,7 64,0 62,6 9,0 6,9 5,7 6,4 : 48,9 51,8 51,9 35,5 41,7 43,2 29,6 19,4 16, ,0 32,7 33,7 14,2 20,1 23,4 59,5 {38.3} 30, ,0 3,0 2,0 3, (working age) 58,4 61,0 61,2 41,0 49,2 50,8 29,8 19,4 16,9 : 49,8 48,9 48,2 44,5 44,2 44,0 10,5 9,7 8, ,0 35,5 35,9 27,0 26,6 27,8 29,0 25,2 22, ,7 85,1 84,1 76,1 77,9 77,8 9,0 8,5 7, ,5 50,3 51,0 45,0 46,7 47,4 7,3 7,0 7, ,2 5,1 5,9 7,2 5,1 5, (working age) 63,5 63,7 63,5 56,6 57,4 57,8 10,9 9,9 9,0 : 55,1 55,7 56,3 35,2 36,2 37,3 36,0 34,9 33, ,8 35,9 35,9 14,4 15,2 15,7 59,8 57,7 56, ,8 79,0 79,4 52,0 53,0 54,3 34,0 32,9 31, ,8 52,9 54,9 36,4 37,8 39,5 28,4 28,5 28, ,9 4,0 3,9 3,8 3,9 3,6 3,2 3,2 8, (working age) 62,2 62,8 63,5 39,6 40,7 41,9 36,3 35,2 34,0 : 51,0 51,0 51,4 49,3 40,4 41,8 44,2 41,6 20,9 18,1 14,0 15, ,4 33,3 33,8 28,3 19,5 18,7 21,2 16,8 47,8 43,7 37,4 40, ,7 84,8 66,6 69,5 20,5 18, ,8 55,3 42,6 48,1 12,3 13, ,9 9,1 11,4 10,8 7,8 9,0 11,4 10,7 1,0 1,0-1, (working age) 63,6 63,4 62,6 60,8 49,8 51,5 53,3 50,8 21,6 18,8 14,7 16,4 : 59,3 59,7 59,5 55,8 56,8 56,9 6,0 4,9 4, ,6 42,0 43,0 35,0 37,6 38,4 13,9 10,4 10, ,4 91,7 92,1 86,3 87,6 88,6 5,6 4,4 3, ,1 51,2 51,6 49,1 49,1 49,8 3,8 4,1 3, ,8 8,8 6,4 7,8 8,8 6, (working age) 70,9 71,3 71,8 66,6 67,8 68,6 6,1 5,0 4,5 : 48,0 47,8 47,7 45,8 43,2 43,1 41,2 38,7 9,9 9,9 13,6* 15,5** ,9 37,8 37,5 36,8 30,8 30,4 27,8 26,5 18,7 19,6 25,7 27, (working age) *July - December 2006; October - December 2007 and 2008 ** December 2008, January

40 Bosnia and Herzegovina Bulgaria Montenegro Croatia* Macedonia Serbia Slovenia Turkey** Age Men Activity rate Employment rate Unemployment rate : 56,2 57,7 57,1 39,9 42,3 44,9 28,9 26,7 21, ,1 40,8 40,0 16,0 18,1 22,1 60,2 55,6 44, ,9 84,0 85,1 60,0 63,6 68,8 26,7 24,3 19, ,4 55,4 57,2 44,3 45,2 47,9 17,1 18,4 16, ,9 9,0 8,3 7,7 8,6 8, (working age) 65,5 67,0 67,7 46,1 48,7 52,9 29,5 27,3 21,9 : 56,7 58,2 59,8 58,9 51,8 54,4 56,5 55,1 8,6 6,5 5,5 6, ,3 31,7 34,0 34,2 25,4 27,1 29,3 28,5 18,9 14,5 13,7 16, ,1 88,5 89,6 88,6 79,6 83,4 85,5 83,7 7,6 5,7 4,5 5, ,4 64,1 66,9 65,2 57,5 60,2 63,4 61,5 7,8 6,0 5,2 5, ,6 5,3 6,2 5,9 4,4 5,1 6,1 5,7 2,8 2,8 1,6 3, (working age) 68,8 70,6 72,5 71,8 62,8 66,0 68,5 67,1 8,6 6,6 5,6 6,6 : 57,8 60,0 60,4 41,0 49,1 50,8 29,1 18,2 15, ,2 35,4 37,9 16,3 {23.9} 25,7 60,4 {32.6} 32, ,7 3,6 4,7 0, (working age) 67,7 69,1 69,5 47,8 56,5 58,3 29,4 18,2 16,1 : 56,5 57,4 55,8 51,2 52,7 51,9 9,3 8,2 7, ,1 41,6 43,5 29,5 32,7 36,2 28,2 21,5 16, ,2 89,1 87,2 80,7 83,2 82,2 7,5 6,6 5, ,2 62,8 62,3 54,7 58,5 58,4 6,1 6,8 6, ,7 5,7 6,0 8,7 5,7 6, (working age) 68,9 70,8 70,2 62,3 64,9 65,1 9,6 8,4 7,2 : 67,3 67,3 68,8 43,5 44,1 45,7 35,3 34,5 33, ,0 43,8 43,3 17,2 18,7 19,2 59,0 57,4 55, ,1 91,2 92,9 61,9 62,4 64,2 32,8 31,6 30, ,5 68,5 72,3 47,9 47,7 51,2 30,0 30,3 29, ,8 5,8 5,9 5,6 5,5 5,3 3,7 4,3 9, (working age) 74,9 74,8 76,6 48,3 48,8 50,7 35,6 34,8 33,7 : 60,1 59,7 60,5 58,0 49,3 50,3 53,2 49,8 17,9 15,8 12,1 14, ,9 38,1 25,0 22,6 43,2 40, ,0 91,9 75,4 78,4 17,1 14, ,1 62,7 56,1 55,2 10,6 12, ,6 13,3 10,5 13,2 1,1 1, (working age) 72,7 71,9 59,2 60,0 18,6 16,5 : 65,7 66,4 65,7 62,5 63,7 63,0 4,9 4,0 4, ,4 47,8 47,8 39,2 43,2 43,0 11,6 9,6 10, ,0 93,2 93,4 88,9 90,1 90,3 4,4 3,3 3, ,4 60,8 60,2 58,3 58,6 58,2 3,5 3,6 3, ,5 12,0 8,5 11,5 12,0 8, (working age) 74,9 75,8 75,8 71,1 72,7 72,7 5,1 4,1 4,1 : 71,5 71,3 71,3 69,1 64,5 64,3 61,5 58,3 9,7 9,8 13,7 15, ,0 52,1 51,6 49,9 42,5 42,0 38,1 35,7 18,2 19,4 26,2 28, (working age) *July - December 2006; October - December 2007 and 2008 ** December 2008, January

41 Bosnia and Herzegovina Bulgaria Montenegro Croatia* Macedonia Serbia Slovenia Women Age Activity rate Employment rate Unemployment rate : 30,8 31,0 31,6 20,0 20,8 23,1 34,9 32,9 26, ,3 25,7 25,6 9,0 9,5 12,2 65,7 63,1 52, ,0 50,2 52,4 33,0 34,2 38,4 34,0 31,9 26, ,1 23,7 25,7 18,7 19,7 22,4 15,2 16,6 13, ,9 3,6 3,2 3,8 3,6 3, (working age) 37,4 37,8 39,5 24,0 25,0 28,7 35,7 33,7 27,4 : 46,3 47,5 48,3 47,4 42,0 44,0 45,5 44,5 9,3 7,3 5,8 6, ,4 25,9 26,1 25,6 21,0 21,8 23,1 22,9 20,3 15,9 11,4 10, ,0 81,9 82,6 80,5 73,3 76,7 78,4 75,8 8,3 6,5 5,1 5, ,0 50,7 52,5 52,7 44,0 47,2 49,4 49,6 8,3 7,0 5,9 6, ,5 1,6 2,1 1,7 1,4 1,5 2,0 1,7 3,1 1,7 3,7 3, (working age) 60,2 62,1 63,1 62,2 54,6 57,6 59,5 58,3 9,3 7,3 5,8 6,2 : 41,0 43,9 43,9 28,7 34,7 36,1 30,1 20,9 17, ,6 29,8 29,3 11,9 {16.3} 21,0 58,2 {45.4} 28, ((1.7)) 0,7 ((1.7)) (working age) 49,8 53,0 53,0 34,8 41,9 43,5 30,2 21,0 18,0 : 43,8 41,5 41,5 38,6 36,8 37,1 11,9 11,4 10, ,5 29,4 27,7 24,2 20,5 18,8 30,0 30,4 32, ,2 81,3 81,0 71,6 72,7 73,5 10,7 10,6 9, ,9 38,1 40,5 36,3 35,3 37,1 8,9 7,2 8, ,2 4,7 5,9 6,2 4,7 5, (working age) 58,2 56,8 57,1 51,0 50,1 50,7 12,4 11,8 11,1 : 42,9 44,1 43,8 27,0 28,4 28,8 37,2 35,5 34, ,3 27,5 28,1 11,4 11,5 12,0 61,0 58,2 57, ,0 66,3 65,4 41,6 43,3 44,1 35,9 34,7 32, ,8 37,7 38,0 25,3 28,2 28,2 25,1 25,3 25, ,3 2,6 2,3 2,3 2,5 2,1 2,2 1,1 7, (working age) 49,2 50,4 50,2 30,7 32,3 32,9 37,5 35,8 34,3 : 42,5 42,8 43,0 41,4 32,0 33,8 35,9 34,3 24,7 21,0 16,5 17, ,1 27,9 13,4 14,4 55,5 48, ,6 77,8 57,9 60,8 24,4 21, ,4 37,4 29,8 32,9 15,1 12, ,7 5,7 5,7 5,7 0,8 0, (working age) 54,5 54,9 40,6 43,0 25,5 21,7 : 53,3 53,4 53,6 49,4 50,2 51,0 7,2 5,9 4, ,4 35,5 37,4 30,3 31,4 33,2 17,0 11,6 11, ,7 90,2 90,7 83,6 85,0 86,7 6,8 5,7 4, ,8 41,6 43,0 39,9 39,6 41,3 (4,4) 4,9 3, ,4 6,7 4,9 5,4 6,7 4, (working age) 66,8 66,7 67,6 61,8 62,6 64,2 7,4 6,1 5,0 : 24,9 24,8 24,6 23,5 22,3 22,2 21,3 19,9 10,3 10,3 13,5 15, ,6 24,4 24,4 24,3 19,8 19,6 18,3 17,8 19,7 20,0 24,7 26, (working age) *July - December 2006; October - December 2007 and 2008 ** December 2008, January 2009 Turkey** 41

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