Romani dialects on the Slovak Ukrainian border

Transcription

1 Romani dialects on the Slovak Ukrainian border FINKA Symposium On the border of language and dialect Joensuu, 4 6 June 2014 MICHAEL BENÍŠEK CHARLES UNIVERSITY IN PRAGUE MICHAEL.BENISEK@GMAIL.COM

2 Romani Indo-Aryan non-indian highly diversified homogeneous proto-language( Early Romani ) split up around the12 th 14 th centuries regarded as one language with many dialects BUT different grammatical systems, vocabularies limited or no intellligibility

3 Romani dialects several major dialect groups(languages) dialect groups nation states < migrations(and/ or itinerancy) < political boundaries(sedentary population) dialect continua

4 Romani dialects several major dialect groups(languages) dialect groups nation states < migrations(and/ or itinerancy) < political boundaries(sedentary population) dialect continua East-Central Europe(Austria-Hungary, till 1918) Central Romani: two branches dialectological project Linguistic Atlas of Central Romani (Elšík& Bodnárová& Beníšek)

5 Central Romani

6 Central Romani

7 Central Romani

8 Central Romani

9 Central Romani

10 Slovak Ukrainian border area Slovakia Ukraine(Transcarpathian province) part ofonecountry till1938 till 1918: Hungarian Kingdom till 1938: Czechoslovakia since 1945: current political border settled Romani population Central Romani, Rusyn(NE), Hungarian(S) historical marital links common surnames

11 Slovak Ukrainian border area

12 Slovak Ukrainian border area

13 Slovak Ukrainian border area

14 Slovak Ukrainian border area

15 Slovak Ukrainian border area

16 Common innovations

17 Common innovations

18 Common innovations food (ER *xaben; < xa- to eat ) xaben(conservative) texan(< nominalized infinitive)

19 Common innovations food (ER *xaben; < xa- to eat ) xaben(conservative) texan(< nominalized infinitive) western affiliation of Krišovská Liesková (southeasternmost Slovak dialect)

20 Common conservations alive (ER *dživdo; <dživ- to live ) dživdo(conservative) džido(innovative)

21 Common conservations alive (ER *dživdo; <dživ- to live ) dživdo(conservative) džido(innovative)

22 Conservations and innovations tear (ER*asv-; IA) asv- asm- avs- aps- ( replaced by a loanword)

23 Conservations and innovations tear (ER *asv-; IA) asv- asm- avs- aps- ( replaced by a loanword) isoglosscrossingthecity of Uzhhorod

24 Conservations and innovations tear (ER *asv-; IA) asv- asm- avs- aps- ( replaced by a loanword) isoglosscrossingthecity of Uzhhorod 2 varieties in Uzhhorod (Močāra& Radvanka)

25 Common L2: Slovak Slovak: currentl2 in Slovakia formerl2 in dialectsof Transcarpathian Ukraine

26 Common L2: Slovak Slovak: currentl2 in Slovakia formerl2 in dialectsof Transcarpathian Ukraine healthy (ER *sasto; IA) zdravo( Slovak) (sasto missing in this area)

27 Common L2: Slovak vinegar (ER *šut; IA) šut octos( Slovak)

28 Common L2: Slovak vinegar (ER *šut; IA) šut octos( Slovak) most Slovak dial.: octos most Ukr. dial.: šut Radvanka(Uzhh.): octos Uzhhorod: Slovak L2 till WW2

29 Different L2: Hungarian Hungarianin Transcarpathian Ukraine

30 Different L2: Hungarian Hungarianin Transcarpathian Ukraine blue belavoor modro ( Slovak) kīko( Hungarian)

31 Different L2: Hungarian Hungarianin Transcarpathian Ukraine blue belavoor modro ( Slovak) kīko( Hungarian) isogloss along the border

32 Different L2: East Slavic East Slaviclanguagesin Transcarpathian Ukraine Rusyn(or SW Ukrainian) Russian: since WW2

33 Different L2: East Slavic East Slaviclanguagesin Transcarpathian Ukraine Rusyn(or SW Ukrainian) Russian: since WW2 focus particle also (only Slavic loanwords) tiš( localslovak) tože( East Slavic)

34 Different L2: East Slavic East Slaviclanguagesin Transcarpathian Ukraine Rusyn(or SW Ukrainian) Russian: since WW2 focus particle also (only Slavic loanwords) tiš( localslovak) tože( East Slavic)

35 Northern continuum to hit lem-(< l- to take?) dem-(< d- to give?) (as the main variant)

36 Northern continuum to hit lem-(< l- to take?) dem-(< d- to give?) (as the main variant) Ukrainian dialects: Uzhhorod: dem- rural: lem-

37 Northern continuum dog (ER *rikono puppy Armenian koriwn) rikono rukono rokono

38 Northern continuum dog (ER *rikono puppy Armenian koriwn) rikono rukono rokono former continuum of rokono in northwestern Transcarpathia?

39 Slovak continuum to Uzhhorod wheat, corn (ER *giv; IA) žužo ďiv(< collocation pure wheat ) žoďiv(univerbation, aphaeresis)

40 Slovak continuum to Uzhhorod wheat, corn (ER *giv; IA) žužo ďiv(< collocation pure wheat ) žoďiv(univerbation, aphaeresis) Uzhhorod: žoďiv unattestedin NE Slovakia and someukr. dialects

41 Slovak continuum to Uzhhorod egg (ER *anṛo; IA) andro jandro(j-prothesis)

42 Slovak continuum to Uzhhorod egg (ER *anṛo; IA) andro jandro(j-prothesis) within Ukr. dialects: Radvanka jandro other: andro

43 Slovak continuum to Uzhhorod Gypsy, Romani (adj.; ER *romano;< rom) romano romaduno

44 Slovak continuum to Uzhhorod Gypsy, Romani (adj.; ER *romano;< rom) romano romaduno highly indicative (romaduno: non-trivial innovation)

45 Slovak continuum to Uzhhorod Gypsy, Romani (adj.; ER *romano;< rom) romano romaduno highly indicative (romaduno: non-trivial innovation) diffusionfrompavlovce nad Uhom

46 Conclusion various patterns of isoglosses cross-border dialect area of the old county diffusion of innovations isoglosses of contact-induced differences rural Ukr. dialects: northern continuum (two) Uzhhorod varieties: Slovak continuum Radvanka: closest to Slovakia (Pavlovce nad Uhom) correlation with historical marital links and social contacts