Wood Buffalo Where We Are Today

Transcription

1 Slave River Fort Fitzgerald Peace River Fort Chipewyan Lake Athabasca Winter Road SASKATCHEWAN Fort MacKay Fort McMurray Draper Athabasca River Gregoire Lake Estates Saprae Creek Anzac Clearwater River Mariana Lake Janvier Conklin Wood Buffalo Where We Are Today

2 Envision Wood Buffalo: Towards 25K Regional Report May 28 Table of Contents Page 1. REGIONAL OVERVIEW CREATION OF THE RMWB REGIONAL GROWTH PATTERNS ECONOMY AND EMPLOYMENT LAND OWNERSHIP PROVINCIAL LAND MUNICIPAL LAND FIRST NATION RESERVES PRIVATE LAND LAND CHALLENGES NATURAL AREAS ENVIRONMENTALLY SENSITIVE AREAS PARKS & PROTECTED AREAS MOBILE WORKERS AIRPORTS FORT MCMURRAY REGIONAL AIRPORT FORT MCMURRAY WATER AERODROME PRIVATE AERODROMES...1 List of Figures FIGURE 1: POPULATION GROWTH IN THE RMWB (196-23)...2 FIGURE 2: POPULATION GROWTH IN THE RURAL SERVICE AREA ( )...2 FIGURE 3: FIRST NATION RESERVES WITHIN THE REGION...5 FIGURE 4: FIRST NATION RESERVES AS A PERCENTAGE OF ALL RESERVES...5 List of Maps Map 1: Regional Overview Regional Municipality of Wood Buffalo 12 Map 2: Regional Overview Land Ownership 13 Map 3: Regional Overview Project Accommodation Locations...14 Envision Wood Buffalo: Towards 25k i

3 Envision Wood Buffalo: Towards 25K Regional Report May Regional Overview The Regional Municipality of Wood Buffalo (RMWB) is one of the most unique municipalities in the country. It encompasses vast areas of pristine wilderness and one of the fastest growing centres in Canada. Covering a total of 68,454 square kilometers, it ranks as one of the largest Regional Municipalities in North America. 1.1 Creation of the RMWB The RMWB was created by the Province of Alberta in 1995 by an amalgamation of Improvement District No. 143 and the City of Fort McMurray. It is a specialized municipality that provides for the unique needs of a large urban centre and a large rural territory with a small population. 1 While there are no urban municipalities within its boundary, the communities of Anzac, Conklin, Draper, Fort Chipewyan, Fort Fitzgerald, Fort MacKay, Gregoire Lake Estates, Janvier South, Mariana Lake, and Saprae Creek fall within the Region s Rural Service Area, as does the Urban Service Area (Fort McMurray), (Refer to Regional Overview Regional Municipality of Wood Buffalo Map, p. 12). 1.2 Regional Growth Patterns After a decade of little population growth from , the population of Wood Buffalo has exploded (refer to Figure 1, p. 2). Traditionally, most of Alberta s oil production was focused on conventional crude oil; however with declining conventional reserves, the focus has recently shifted towards developing Alberta s oil sands, (much of which are located within Wood Buffalo). Since 2, the surge in oil prices has also made development of the oil sands much more economically feasible, and has attracted significant investment in the industry. This shift in focus and growth in investment has created the need for workers and a corresponding population boom. During the past 1 years, the population of the municipality has more than doubled from 35,213 in 1996 to 89,167 in With continuing strong prices for oil, rapid growth is expected to continue. 3 The 27 Municipal Census shows a population total of 89,167, while the Urban Service Area (Fort McMurray) accounts for 65,4. The following two figures show historical and projected growth in the entire RMWB, and the in-depth historical and forecasted growth for the Hamlets and communities in the Rural Service Area (Refer to Figure 1 and 2, p. 2)⁴. 1 Alberta Municipal Affairs, 27 2 Regional Municipality of Wood Buffalo, 27 3 Government of Alberta, 26 ⁴ RMWB Senior Administration 27 1

4 Envision Wood Buffalo: Towards 25K Regional Report May 28 Figure 1: Population growth in the RMWB (196-23) Historical & Forecasted Population for the RMWB (196-23) Population 4, 35, 3, 25, 2, 15, 1, 5, Shadow Population Rural Service Area Urban Service Area Year Figure 2: Population growth in the Rural Service Area ( ) Population Historial & Forcasted Population for the Rural Service Area ( ) Year Fort Fitzgerald Fort McKay Fort Chip Conklin Janvier Mariana Draper Saprae Gregoire Anzac The age distribution in the RMWB differs between the Rural Service Area and the Urban Service Area (Fort McMurray). The Rural Service Area has more youths compared to the Region as a whole, and to the Province. The population of the Rural Service Area includes 35% under the age of nineteen, 59% between the ages of 19 and 64, and 6% over 65. i[1] The rural population under the age of 19 (28%) is higher than the average in the RMWB, and the percentage of adults over the age 2

5 Envision Wood Buffalo: Towards 25K Regional Report May 28 of 65 (2%) is also higher than the average; whereas the percentage of adults between 19 and 64 is lower than the average for RMWB (7%). 1.3 Economy and Employment The Regional Municipality of Wood Buffalo has seen a sustained economic boom for the past seven years as a result of the abundant oil sands deposits in the region. With increased investment in the oil sands, the population of the region is growing rapidly. The cumulative effect of this pace of development is a region that experiences substantially higher net migration compared to other regions of Alberta. The connection between population growth and oil sands activity is that accelerated development promotes migration to fill the available jobs. This trend continues with the development and construction of new sites and the operation and maintenance of existing projects. With forecasted investment in the oil sands approaching $1 billion, industry expansion projects have increased employment and contracting opportunities that stretch well beyond regional level to provincial and national levels. The Athabasca oil sands are one of the largest oil deposits in the world with total established reserves over 3 billion barrels. In terms of oil sands investment in the Regional Municipality of Wood Buffalo, current construction projects are valued at $14.6 billion, plus an additional $9.4 billion in projects approved for future development, and another $29.7 billion in projects proposed awaiting approval. All of these projects are scheduled for construction within the next ten years. This sustained energy boom has created more than 12, construction and operations jobs in the Regional Municipality of Wood Buffalo, and has produced more than 17, direct, indirect and induced jobs across Canada since Compared with all other provinces, energy-rich Alberta had the strongest economic performance in 25 (growing 4.5%) compared to the Canadian average of 2.9%. Across Canada, 1.2% of workers were employed in mining and oil and gas extraction industries in 25; and in 26, within the Regional Municipality of Wood Buffalo, 43% respondents were employed by the oil sands industry (27% directly and 16% as contracted labour for an oil sands company). In Alberta, 2,7 or 4.3% of the Aboriginal population off the reserve are employed in processing, manufacturing, and utilities industries. This proportion is significantly higher in Fort McMurray, where 46% of the Aboriginal population is employed in the oil sands and related industries ii. Given the current economic climate, it is not surprising that the Regional Municipality of Wood Buffalo has higher labour force participation and employment rates, and a lower unemployment rate compared to both national and provincial findings as of May 26. The unemployment rate in the Rural Service Area (Fort McMurray) is 4% iii, which is higher than the Alberta average of 3.4%, but lower than the Canadian average of 6.1%. The economic growth in the Region is forecast at more than 5% greater than the rest of Canada. Recruitment and retention of skilled workers will continue to present challenges within the region as economic opportunities continue to unfold. There will be considerable development from 27 to 211 for expansion of existing operations and new development. The oil sands and its related industries have created more than 12, construction and operation jobs in Wood Buffalo; this figure is expected to increase to 15, jobs by the year

6 Envision Wood Buffalo: Towards 25K Regional Report May Land Ownership Land within the municipal boundaries is owned either publicly or privately, and public land falls under the jurisdiction of the three levels of government. The vast majority is crown land and falls under the jurisdiction of the Province of Alberta Provincial Land The Urban Service Area (Fort McMurray) is unique in that the Government of Alberta owns nearly all of the undeveloped land surrounding the Area. Three Government Ministries have jurisdiction over these lands: Alberta Seniors and Community Supports, Alberta Sustainable Resource Development, and Alberta Infrastructure and Transportation. A fourth department, Municipal Affairs and Housing, is also involved in a Land Release Strategy that will see more land released for housing development Municipal Land The RMWB owns approximately 2,13.93 ha (4, ac) in the Urban Service Area and about 4, ha (1, ac) in the Rural Service Area. This amounts to only.9% (one-ninth of a percentage point) of the total land base of Wood Buffalo First Nation Reserves Wood Buffalo encompasses the reserves and traditional lands of five Treaty 8 First Nations. The Athabasca Tribal Council, which represents the interests of five First Nations located in northeastern Alberta, is comprised of more than 2,5 native Cree and Chipewyan people. These First Nations include: The Athabasca Chipewyan First Nation #463 reserve, located in the hamlet of Fort Chipewyan; The Chipewyan Prairie First Nation #47 reserve, found in the community of Janvier/Chard; The Fort McKay First Nation #467 reserves at Fort McKay, Namur Lake and Gardiner Lake; The Fort McMurray First Nation #468, which consists of four reserves. Three are located near Anzac on Gregoire Lake and the fourth is located about 2 kilometres east of Fort McMurray; and The Mikesew Cree First Nation #461 based out of Fort Chipewyan. There are nine reserves throughout northeastern Alberta: Devil s Gate, Old Fort, Allison Bay; Sandy Point, Collin Lake, Cornwall Lake, Charles Lake, Dog Head, and Peace Point (Regional Municipality of Wood Buffalo. 26). Overall, First Nations Reserves range from 3,231 ha (7,985 ac) to 21,25 ha (52,397 ac) in size and include 46,774 ha (115,58 ac) of the Municipality s land area. Figure 3, p. 5 illustrates the size of the Reserves within the Region, while Figure 4, p. 5 provides a comparison between reserves. 4

7 Envision Wood Buffalo: Towards 25K Regional Report May 28 Figure 3: First Nation Reserves within the Region 4 First Nation Reserve Size Hectares Acres Athabasca Chipewyan #463 21, ,397.8 Fort McKay #467 8, ,82.11 Chipewyan Prairie #47 8,397 2,748.7 Mikesew Cree #461 5,111 12, Fort McMurray #468 3, , Totals 46, ,58.42 Figure 4: First Nation Reserves as a Percentage of all Reserves Reserves as a percentage of all reserves in the RMWB 7% Athabasca Chipewyan #463 11% Fort McKay #467 18% 45% Chipewyan Prairie #47 Mikisew Cree #461 19% Fort McMurray #468 There are a number of Métis Groups that reside in the municipality: Fort Chipewyan Métis Local 125 ; Fort McKay Métis Local 63 ; Fort McMurray Métis Local 1935 ; Chard Métis Local 214; Willow Lake Métis Local 78; Anzac Métis Local 22; and Conklin Métis Local Private Land At the time of writing this report, statistics regarding the amount of private land within the Municipality was unavailable. 4 First Nation Profiles, 24 5

8 Envision Wood Buffalo: Towards 25K Regional Report May Land Challenges Accommodating growth in Wood Buffalo is a challenge due to the fact that most land within the Region is owned by the Province, and there is a perception that, in the past, the Province has been slow in releasing land for development. There are a number of recommendations that the Government of Alberta released in its report Investing in our Future: Responding to the Rapid Growth of Oil Sands Development, some of which relate to challenges in land ownership. These related recommendations include: RECOMMENDATION 17(c): The province needs to ensure that provinciallyowned land is released in a timely fashion to meet housing needs well in advance of actual requirements. In this regard, the Draft Land Release Strategy needs to be updated by the province and approved. RECOMMENDATION 17(d): To ensure timely development, the province needs to continue the practice of placing conditions regarding the pace of development on land sold by the province. Both the provincial and municipal government need to work together to ensure that plans are developed for land scheduled to be released and sold by the province. 1.5 Natural Areas The municipality has many areas that are valuable to the province for environmental reasons and are protected by the Province of Alberta as parks, reserves, or recreation areas. Some of these places have been recognized by the province as Environmentally Sensitive Areas (ESAs), and others recognized as public lands Environmentally Sensitive Areas Alberta Community Development has identified Environmentally Sensitive Areas (ESAs) where development must take into account specific environmental considerations. ESAs are generally defined as landscape elements or places which are vital to the long-term maintenance of biological diversity, soil, water, or other natural process, both onsite and in a regional context. 5 These areas are intended to be representative of all areas in Alberta, and are identified based on their diversity, natural and ecological integrity. 6 ESAs in Alberta are classified by their level of significance: International, National, or Provincial. There is one ESA of international significance, the Peace Athabasca River Delta, of which 2,83 km 2 falls within Wood Buffalo. There are also 22 ESAs of national significance (21,335 km 2 ), and 64 that are of provincial significance (totaling almost 25, km 2 ) Parks & Protected Areas Among those areas that are environmentally sensitive, many have been protected to some degree and are the responsibility of Alberta Tourism, Parks and Culture. There are eight different parks and protected area classifications (five of which are in the municipality), that provide varying degrees of protection and a range of opportunities for outdoor recreation. While each of these areas is 5 Jennings & Reganold, Alberta Tourism, Parks & Culture, 27b 7 GIS analysis by authors, data provided by Alberta Tourism, Parks & Culture, 27b 6

9 Envision Wood Buffalo: Towards 25K Regional Report May 28 managed by the Province of Alberta, it is important to recognize these natural resources when considering development throughout the municipality. Ecological Reserves Ecological Reserves are established to preserve and protect natural heritage in an undisturbed state for scientific research and education; however, visitors interested in photography, watching wildlife and other low impact activities are welcome to visit. Some of Alberta's rarest and most fragile landscapes, plants, animals and geological features have been given special protection under this classification. Three of the Province s ecological reserves are located within Wood Buffalo: Athabasca Dunes ( ha/9315 ac), Egg Island (.36 ha/.89 ac), and Whitemud Falls (864.85ha/2137 ac). Natural Areas Alberta's Natural Areas are protected lands with a dual purpose: to allow some recreation, but also to preserve aspects of the province's biological and physical diversity. Though not as strictly protected as provincial parks and ecological reserves, they are not highly developed for recreational use. Some natural areas are fragile, while others can support a variety of outdoor activities. 8 La Saline Natural Area (within the boundaries of the Municipality), is an auto-accessible provincial natural area located 4 km north of Fort McMurray on the east bank of the Athabasca River. It is operated by Alberta Tourism, Parks and Culture, and is 292 ha ( ac) in size. 9 Provincial Parks Provincial Parks are created to preserve natural heritage while supporting outdoor recreation, heritage tourism and other activities that are compatible with environmental protection. Gregoire Lake Provincial Park is the only Provincial Park in the Municipality. It is ac (696.2 ha) in size and is located on the north shore of Gregoire Lake, about 3 km southeast of Fort McMurray. Wildland Parks Wildland Parks are created to preserve and protect natural heritage and provide opportunities for backcountry recreation. They are generally large, undeveloped landscapes and provide opportunities for ecotourism and adventure activities. Ten of Alberta s thirty-two wildland parks are within the municipality, including: the Colin-Cornwall Lakes Wildland, La Butte Creek Wildland, Fidler- Greywillow Wildland, Maybelle River Wildland, Richardson River Dunes Wildland, Margueritte River Wildlands, Birch Mountains Wildland, Gipsey Lake Wildland, Grand Rapids Wildland, and the Stony Mountain Wildland. They range from 6,521 ha (16,112 ac) to 196,32 ha (485,55 ac) in size. 1 Recreation Areas Recreation Areas are created to support outdoor recreation and tourism and often provide access to lakes, rivers, reservoirs, and adjacent Crown land. Some areas are intensively developed, while others remain largely undeveloped. Maqua Lake Recreation Area, ha ( ac) in size, is located south of Fort McMurray and is the only one in the municipality. 8 Alberta Tourism, Parks and Culture, 27a 9 Alberta Tourism, Parks and Culture, 27a 1 Government of Alberta, 27b 7

10 Envision Wood Buffalo: Towards 25K Regional Report May Mobile Workers Many people that work in the municipality do not reside there permanently; these are referred to as mobile workers. Mobile workers are those that live temporarily in hotels, motels, campgrounds or some sort of project accommodation which, according to the Regional Land Use Bylaw 11, (is a residential complex used to house camp workers by various contracting firms on a temporary basis, and without restricting the generality of the above, the camp is usually made up of a number of mobile units, clustered in such fashion as to provide sleeping, eating, recreation, and other basic living facilities. The units may be dismantled and removed from the site from time to time. The number of mobile workers in the region is shown in below. Mobile Workers in the RMWB (Census 27) Type of Accommodation Amount Project Accommodation 18,572 Hotels / Motels* 1,423 Campgrounds 1,334 Total 21,329 * denotes only those within the boundaries of the Urban Service Area (Fort McMurray). Hotels & Motels There are twenty-three (23) hotels and motels located in the municipality, all of which are in the Urban Service Area (Fort McMurray); there are no hotels or motels currently located in the Rural Service Area. Campgrounds There are several campgrounds located throughout the municipality; however, only five are accessible by recreational vehicles: Centennial, Rotary, Tower, Rusty s, and Golden Eagle. According to municipal records, campgrounds within Wood Buffalo have a capacity for 1,334 people. Project Accommodation According to Alberta Sustainable Resource Development, there were 65 work camps in the RMWB as of March It is estimated that the majority of these camps are north of the Urban Service Area (Fort McMurray). According to the RMWB (as of January, 28), permits had been granted for camps and accommodation for no less than 4, occupants. Industry has applied to the RMWB, and been approved, for project accommodation for at least 4, workers, both temporary and permanent. While this number represents those that have been approved, it is difficult to determine the number of these spaces that have been built and are being occupied at any given time. Project Accommodation Locations There are a number of project accommodations located within the municipality in three distinct areas (Refer to Regional Overview: Project Accommodation Locations Map, p. 14): 1. Northern Work Sites which lie to the north of Fort McMurray 11 RMWB, 27c 12 Alberta Sustainable Resource Development, 27c 8

11 Envision Wood Buffalo: Towards 25K Regional Report May 28 Near North: sites that are in daily commuting distance from Fort McMurray Remote North: work sites that are outside daily commuting distance from Fort McMurray 2. Southern Work Sites located to the south of Fort McMurray Near South: work sties near Anzac that are within a daily commuting distance of Fort McMurray Remote South: work sites near Janvier and Conklin that are outside the daily commuting distance 3. Urban Work Sites located in the Urban Service Area (Fort McMurray). 13 Mobile Worker Demographics According to a report on Mobile workers in the RMWB, most construction workers are mobile workers: only 3.5% of all people surveyed on five different construction sites actually lived there. Half of mobile workers are aged 35 or older, and are also overwhelmingly non-aboriginal (85%) and male (92%). Most are married and 45% have children at home. Slightly more than half of mobile workers come from Alberta; between 23 and 27, the percentage of mobile workers coming from other provinces increased from 24% to 44%. 14 Total spending by camp-based mobile workers was estimated at $84 million in 26, and may reach $15 million in 27. The increase reflects the growth in the number of mobile workers in the region Airports There are a number of airports and airfields in the RMWB, including the Fort McMurray Regional Airport, the Fort McMurray Water Aerodrome, and two private airfields Fort McMurray Regional Airport The Fort McMurray Regional Airport is a major key in the economic development of the Regional Municipality of Wood Buffalo. In 1986, when the Airport opened, it was originally sized for 2 regional carriers. In 26, there were 42, scheduled passengers and 3, charted passengers. Passenger and aircraft movements through the Fort McMurray Regional Airport are increasing exponentially. In the last year, annual commercial travelers were up by more than 36%, and at the current pace in 27, travelers to Fort McMurray will easily top 5, (likely 6,). Using a 1 to 1 ratio for pick up or drop off of passengers, this relates to 1.4 million people using a building designed for 5, per year. Population and industrial development projections show continuing growth, which portrays the need for a new terminal. In addition, the amount of aircraft movement dictates the need for a second runway to allow maintenance at peak periods without shutting down traffic. In addition, the increase in passengers and traffic dictates the need for a parkade development. A borrowing request was submitted to Council in August 27 in order to embrace the opportunities and the expansion of the Fort McMurray Airport Nichols Applied Management, Nichols Applied Management, Nichols Applied Management Regional Municipality of Wood Buffalo, 27b 9

12 Envision Wood Buffalo: Towards 25K Regional Report May Fort McMurray Water Aerodrome One of Fort McMurray s distinct features is the aerodrome located in the Syne between the Lower Townsite and MacDonald Island. It permits small aircraft (i.e. floatplanes) to land close to downtown Private Aerodromes A Memorandum of Understanding has been created for the construction and operation of two private aerodromes (airfields) between the proponents: the Regional Municipality of Wood Buffalo and the Fort McMurray Regional Airport Commission. The purpose of these private aerodromes is for the use of employees, contractors, agents, and affiliates. Regional cooperation would be maintained through the establishment of an Aerodrome Coordinating Committee (ACC) formed for the purpose of promoting the principal of safety and cooperation and to share information and help ensure the coordination of sale and efficient aerodrome operations in Wood Buffalo. 17 Both are located north of the Urban Service Area (Fort McMurray), one at Mildred Lake (operated by Syncrude) and one north of Fort McKay, at the Horizon project (operated by CNRL). 17 Regional Municipality of Wood Buffalo, 27b 1

13 Envision Wood Buffalo: Towards 25K Regional Report May 28 MAPS 11

14 Envision Wood Buffalo: Towards 25k May 28 Regional Report Regional Overview - Regional Municipality of Wood Buffalo Fort Fitzgerald RMWB Alberta Lake Athabasca At ha ba s ca R i v er Fort Chipewyan Fort MacKay 63 Fort McMurray Draper 69 Saprae Creek Gregoire Lake Estates Anzac Mariana Lake Janvier Conklin LEGEND MAP 1 MAY, 28 RMWB Boundary Urban Boundary Settlements Highways and Roads Kilometres 1 Railway Page 12

15 Envision Wood Buffalo: Towards 25k May 28 Regional Report Regional Overview - Land Ownership Fort Fitzgerald RMWB Alberta Lake Athabasca At ha ba s ca R i v er Fort Chipewyan Fort MacKay 63 Fort McMurray Draper 69 Saprae Creek Gregoire Lake Estates Anzac Mariana Lake Janvier Conklin LEGEND MAP 2 MAY, 28 RMWB Boundary Urban Boundary First Nation Land Municipal Land Kilometres 1 Page 13

16 Envision Wood Buffalo: Towards 25k May 28 Regional Report Regional Overview - Project Accommodation Locations Fort Fitzgerald RMWB Alberta Lake Athabasca COMMUNITY Fort Chipewyan 25 KILOMETRE RADIUS # OF CAMPS # OF BEDS C onk lin Draper Fort Chipewyan Fort Fitzgerald Fort MacKay Fort McMurray Gregoire Lake Estates Janvier R i v er 5 KILOMETRE RADIUS # OF CAMPS # OF BEDS Anzac Mariana Lake Saprae Creek to incomplete/contradicting data. At ha ba s ca *NOTE: Exact numbers of beds in camps may vary due Capacity of Accomodation Fort MacKay Fort McMurray Draper Saprae Creek Gregoire Lake Estates Anzac Mariana Lake Janvier Conklin LEGEND MAP 3 MAY, 28 RMWB Boundary Urban Boundary Kilometres 1 Page 14

17 Envision Wood Buffalo: Towards 25K Regional Report May 28 References Alberta Energy. (26). Facts on Minerals. Available online: Accessed on April 12, 27. Alberta Energy. (27). Oil Sands. Available online: Accessed on April 12, 27. Alberta Energy. (27b). Alberta s Oil Sands Projects. Map produced by Alberta Energy, GIS Mapping & Data Services. March 27. Alberta Geological Survey. (27). Download GIS Shapefiles. Available online: Accessed on April 12, 27. Alberta Municipal Affairs. (27). Municipal Profile for the Regional Municipality of Wood Buffalo. Available online: Accessed on April 28, 27. Alberta Sustainable Resource Development. (27a). Forest Management Agreements. Available online: Accessed on May 2, 27. Alberta Sustainable Resource Development. (27b). Companies Awarded FMA Areas. Available online: Accessed on May 2, 27. Alberta Sustainable Resource Development. (27c). Approximate Work Camp Locations in the Waterways Area. Map created by SRD, Waterways Area on May 18, 27. Alberta Tourism, Parks and Culture. (27a). Natural Areas. Available online: Accessed on May 25, 27. Alberta Tourism, Parks and Culture. (27b). Available online: Environmentally Significant Areas. Accessed on May 25, 27. Athabasca Regional Issues Working Group (RIWG). (27). Oilsands. Available online: Accessed on May 25, 27. Athabasca Regional Issues Working Group. (26). Fact Sheet: Canada s Oil Sands. Available online: Accessed on May 25, 27. Birch Mountain Resources Limited. (27). About us. Available online: Accessed on May 25,

18 Envision Wood Buffalo: Towards 25K Regional Report May 28 Dahrouge, J. (24). Mineral Assessment Report 2422: High calcium limestone along Athabasca and Clearwater Rivers. Prepared by the Alberta Geological Survey. Available online: Accessed on May 25, 27. Department of Indian Affairs and Northern Development. (24). First Nations Profiles. Available online: Accessed on May 25, 27. Fort McMurray Catholic School Board. (27). Fort McMurray Catholic School Board. Available online: Accessed on May 25, 27. Fort McMurray Public School District. (27). Fort McMurray Public School District. Available online: Accessed on May 25, 27. Government of Alberta. (26). Investing in our Future: Responding to the Rapid Growth of Oil Sands Development. Commonly known as the Radke Report. Final Report Released December 29, 26. Available online: Accessed on May 25, 27. Government of Alberta. (27a). The Alberta Government Plan.. Available online: Accessed on May 25, 27. Government of Alberta. (27b). Wildland Parks. Available online: Accessed on January 31, 28. Holter, M.E. (1975). Economic Geology Report 4: Limestone Resources of Alberta. Prepared by the Alberta Geological Survey. Jennings, M.D. and J.P. Reganold. (1991). Hierarchy and subsidy-stress as a theoretical basis for managing environmentally sensitive areas. Landscape and Urban Planning 21: Nichols Applied Management. (27). Mobile Workers in the Wood Buffalo Region. Submitted by Nichols Applied Management and Economic Consultants. December 27. Northern Lights Health Region. (27). About Us. Available online: Accessed on May 25, 27. Parsons Creek Resources. (27). Limestone. Available online: Accessed on May 25, 27. Regional Municipality of Wood Buffalo. (27). Social Support Services. Available online: Accessed on May 25,

19 Envision Wood Buffalo: Towards 25K Regional Report May 28 Regional Municipality of Wood Buffalo. (27b). Towards One Million Travelers: Embracing Opportunities and Expansion for the Fort McMurray Airport. Report to Council August 28, 27. Regional Municipality of Wood Buffalo. (27c). Land Use Bylaw. Regional Municipality of Wood Buffalo. (26). Municipal Census. Regional Municipality of Wood Buffalo. (25). Tough Times Handbook. Available online at: Accessed on May 25, 27. Statistics Canada. 21. (21). Community Profile Wood Buffalo (Regional Municipality). Statistics Canada. (27). Employment by Industry Group. Available online at: www4.statcan.ca/l1/cst1/labr67. Accessed on May 25, 27. Wood Buffalo Housing & Development Corporation. (27). About Us. Available online at: Accessed on May 25, 27. ii RMWB Census 26 iii RMWB Census 26 17