华南地区经济情况概况 由协力商业顾问有限公司授权刊登 版权所有华南美国商会 2010 年 严禁复制以作商业用途 华南美国商会官方网站提供该出版物电子版免费下载 最后更新 2010 年 3 月 3 日 华南美国商会 广东国际大酒店主楼 1603 室中国广州市环市东路 339 号, 邮编 :510098

Transcription

1

2 The schematics on the cover describe the RCA model 8BX6 FM radio receiver, which was manufactured and sold during the late 1940 s. South China Economic Overview printed courtesy of Dezan Shira & Associates Ltd. 华南地区经济情况概况 由协力商业顾问有限公司授权刊登 The American Chamber of Commerce in South China 版权所有华南美国商会 年 Reproduction for commercial use is strictly prohibited. This document is available free of charge in electronic form at: 严禁复制以作商业用途 华南美国商会官方网站提供该出版物电子版免费下载 Last updated: March 3, 最后更新 年 3 月 3 日 The American Chamber of Commerce in South China 华南美国商会 Suite 1603, Main Tower, Guangdong International Hotel 339 Huanshi Dong Road, Guangzhou P.R.C 广东国际大酒店主楼 1603 室中国广州市环市东路 339 号, 邮编 : (Tel.) (Fax.) amcham@amcham-southchina.org

3 The American Chamber of Commerce in South China Special Report on the State of Business in South China 华南美国商会 年华南地区经济情况特别报告? $

4 Contributors 支持机构 Dezan Shira & Associates are a full service, national China business advisory, tax and accounting practice. Established in 1992, the practice assists multinational clients assess, establish and maintain their tax, financial and legal compliance in China, in particular focusing on profitability, regulatory evolution, and operational management. With a fully English language speaking staff of both Chinese and foreign qualified lawyers, accountants and researchers, the practice has handled work in China for over 1,600 international clients. Dezan Shira & Associates comprises 9 offices in China, 4 in India and 2 in Vietnam. 协力商业顾问有限公司是全面服务中国企业, 提供咨询 税务和会计方面的服务 成立于 1992 年, 该公司协助跨国客户评估 设立和维护在华的税务 财务及法规遵从的方面事务, 特别在收益率 法规评估和营运管理等方面尤为突出 该公司所有员工英文流利, 并拥有中外高素质律师 会计和研究人员, 在华服务于超过 1600 家国际客户 截至 2008 年第一季度, 协力商业顾问有限公司已在中国设有 9 个办事处 印度设有 4 个办事处, 越南设有 2 个办事处 Special thanks to Delta Airlines, who provided a lucky study participant with a round-trip air ticket to the United States, and without whose support the study, and this Special Report, would not have been possible. Delta Air Lines, the world s No. 1 airline, serves more than 160 million passengers each year. With its unsurpassed global network, Delta and the Delta Connection carriers offer service to 367 destinations in 66 countries on six continents. Delta employs more than 70,000 employees worldwide and operates a mainline fleet of nearly 800 aircraft. A founding member of the SkyTeam global alliance, Delta participates in the industry s leading trans-atlantic joint venture with Air France KLM. Including its worldwide alliance partners, Delta offers customers more than 16,000 daily flights, with hubs in Amsterdam, Atlanta, Cincinnati, Detroit, Memphis, Minneapolis-St. Paul, New York-JFK, Paris-Charles de Gaulle, Salt Lake City and Tokyo-Narita. The airline s service includes the SkyMiles frequent flier program, the world s largest airline loyalty program; the award-winning BusinessElite service; and more than 50 Delta Sky Clubs in airports worldwide. Customers can check in for flights, print boarding passes, check bags and review flight status at delta.com. 特别鸣谢美国达美航空公司为此次调查受访者提供抽奖奖品 往返美国机票一张 正是因为拥有各界对调查的广泛支持, 这本 特别报告 才能得以完成

5 Contents 目录 President s Report 6 会长报告 7 Study Results 调查结果 Demographics 10 受访企业统计 11 Revenue and profitability 18 收入和利润 19 South China 22 华南地区 23 Investment trends 24 投资趋势 25 The business environment in South China 32 华南地区的营商环境 33 Economic Overview 经济概况 Overview: Greater South China 40 华南地区经济概况 41 Guangdong Province 44 广东省 45 Fujian Province 50 福建省 51 Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 54 广西壮族自治区 55 Hainan Province 60 海南省 61 Hong Kong Special Administrative Region 66 香港特别行政区 67 Macau Special Administrative Region 68 澳门特别行政区 69

6 Special Report on the State of Business in South China President s Message In lieu of a more thorough description of the results of this study, which readers can most certainly formulate on their own, I will instead say a few words about the bigger trends that I believe are described by this year s results in the context of those of the past several years. Last year there seemed to be a most prurient interest in investment figures, as our study results were released not long after the full extent of the global economic issues we were facing became apparent. We reported that investment figures had dropped by as much as 40 percent. This year, we have witnessed (in south China, at least) a rebound in those figures, and this year we are reporting that companies are budgeting an estimated 40 percent more for investment in than they had for. Interestingly, however, 3-year investment budgets have not seen the same increase. In fact, according to our results companies 3-year investment budgets have shrunk by an additional 5 percent. My own reading of this relationship where for the first time since we began the study in 2005 estimated investment volume for the current year is extremely close to the estimated volume over three years is that it is born out of two factors: first, that 3-year investment budgets from as far back as 2007 are reflected in the 1-year figure while the majority of current 3-year budgets were made after the impact of the global economic turmoil was quite obvious, and second, that companies are playing their cards close to their chests, so to speak. This is understandable, as for many large companies investment budgets are likely affected not by the business climate in one area alone, but the world over. Another interesting result comes from a new addition to the study made this year. We asked companies if they had taken advantage of the increased availability of labor, and they resoundingly answered in the affirmative. Slightly more than eighty percent of participants responded that they had hired additional employees above and beyond their baseline operational needs. We estimate that AmCham South China members have, on their own, provided 429,000 additional jobs to the citizens of south China, many for highly-qualified managers and specialists. While regulatory issues relating to the Chinese government is ranked as the most likely challenge in the future and the cause for the most uncertainty in the business climate, 90 percent of companies consider the business environment to be good/acceptable, very good or outstanding and 90 percent of companies believe the business environment has improved since this time last year. Finally, companies were overwhelmingly positive when asked which areas of their operations were likely to increase the most. Whereas last year competition from P.R.C. firms made the top five list, this year every one of the five highestrated areas import volume to China, services provided in China, profits, China market-share and investment in new China facilities are positive. So, when people ask me how business is going in south China, I now tell them that we re investing, we re hiring, we re pleased with the business environment and we re competitive. Therefore, the State of Business in south China is great. Harley Seyedin President The American Chamber of Commerce in South China 6

7 The American Chamber of Commerce in South China 会长致辞 对于今年的调查报告, 大部分读者都会有自己全面的解读, 我在这就不做更多赘述, 仅是对一些大的趋势简要的讲几句, 相信这些在过去这几年的时代背景下产生的趋势, 也将在今年的报告中有所阐述 去年似乎有一些被各界广泛关注的投资数据, 在我们的调查结果发布后不久, 大家所面临的全球经济问题便变得更为明显 当时的特别报告中提到, 企业投资预算金额下降了近 4 今年, 我们目睹了 ( 至少是华南地区 ) 企业在该方面趋势的反弹 今年我们要向各界讲的是 : 年度企业预算投资对比 年增加了约 4 比营商环境有所提高 最后, 企业在被问及他们营运将在哪些领域增长最大时表现得相当有信心 相比去年 来自中国企业的竞争 位居前五名, 今年每一个排在前五位的选项 向中国的进口量 中国提供的服务 利润 在中国的市场份额和投资在中国的新设施 都相当乐观 因此, 当人们问我华南地区的经济情况如何时, 我会肯定的告诉他们, 我们正在投资, 我们正在招募新人, 我们对经济环境表示满意, 同时我们也极具竞争力 因此, 我们坚定的认为华南地区的营商环境非常优越 然而有趣的是, 未来三年的投资预算并未看到相同的增长 事实上, 根据我们的调查结果, 企业未来三年投资预算缩减了五个百分点 对于这一点, 我自己的解读是 当 2005 年进行第一次调查时, 当年的投资预算额与未来三年的投资预算额相当接近 这是出于两个因素 : 第一, 早在 2007 年的未来三年投资预算都由一年的数据来计划, 当大多数企业的未来三年投资预算是在整个全球经济动荡的影响下做出的, 预算的缩减便显而易见 ; 第二, 幽默一点说, 企业或许在玩 扑克牌 游戏, 对真实计划有所保留 这也是可以理解的, 许多大型企业投资预算大部分都不仅仅是受某一地区的营商环境的影响, 而是整个世界经济环境的影响 哈利 赛亚丁华南美国商会会长 另一个有趣的结论来自今年调查新增的一些问题 我们询问企业是否有利用现有不断增长的劳动力市场优势雇佣新员工, 他们都给予了肯定的回答 超过 8 的受访企业表示他们额外聘请了新员工且超出了他们的基本运营规模需要 我们估计, 华南美国商会会员企业自身提供了 42.9 万个额外的工作岗位给华南地区居民, 其中许多都是针对高素质的管理及专业性的职位 此外, 中国政府的相关法律法规问题仍然是企业在将来所要面临的首要挑战, 同时在经济环境的不确定因素中排在首位 9 的企业认为, 当前的营商环境是好 / 可接受 非常好及卓越,9 的企业相信与去年同期对 7

8 Special Report on the State of Business in South China STUDY RESULTS 8

9 The American Chamber of Commerce in South China 调查结果 9

10 Special Report on the State of Business in South China Demographics Other (6.1%) Sanya (0.2%) Fuzhou (0.7%) Zhongshan (0.7%) Dongguan (3.1%) Foshan (1.2%) Chongqing (0.5%) Xiamen (0.9%) Zhuhai (2.8%) Q: Where is your company s headquarters or main office located in South China? Guangzhou (54.5%) Shenzhen (29. ) Consistent with past results, approximately 80 percent of respondents are headquartered in Guangzhou and Shenzhen. The other category once again represented the third-most selected option, although this year Hong Kong and Shanghai were represented in equal numbers (in contrast to previous years, in which Hong Kong most represented). Other (8.4%) Zhongshan (0.7%) Dongguan (2.) Nanning (0.4%) Foshan (3.2%) Xiamen (1.3%) Zhuhai (2.6%) Guangzhou (58.6%) Shenzhen (22.7%) Taiwan (0.7%) Canada (0.5%) Australia or New Zealand (0.7%) Southeast Asia (1.2%) Japan (1.9%) Other (4.2%) European Union (EU) (10.1%) Q: Where is your parent or holding company located? United States (54.6%) Chinese Mainland (12.5%) Hong Kong SAR (13.4%) This year, about 54.6 percent of participants reported parent or holding companies based in the United States, up from last year s 46 percent. The second- and third-largest constituencies had parent or holding companies in Hong Kong SAR and the Chinese mainland, accounting for 13.4 and 12.5 percent of participants respectively. Last year the gap between these two was approximately four percent, whereas this year it was less than one percent. Finally, the European Union was represented by 10.1 percent of respondents, although as with last year many of the write-in responses for the other category were members of the EU. United States (45.6%) Taiwan (0.4%) Canada (0.4%) Australia or New Zealand (0.7%) Southeast Asia (0.9%) Japan (1.7%) Other (6.7%) Hong Kong SAR (18.3%) European Union (EU) (11.1%) Chinese Mainland (14.3%) 10

11 The American Chamber of Commerce in South China 受访企业统计 问题 : 贵企业运营总部或办事处在华南地区的地点位于哪里? 与以往的研究结果一致, 约八成受访企业的总部位于广州和深圳 其他地区 一项继续保持第三, 而今年香港 上海两地所占比例相同 ( 相较于上年, 受访企业位于香港的数量稍多 ) (EU) 问题 : 贵企业母公司或控股公司的地点在哪里? 今年,54.6% 的受访企业母公司或其控股公司来自美国, 而去年为 46% 排名第二和第三的母公司或控股公司所在地点则为香港特别行政区和中国大陆, 分别占 13.4% 和 12.5% 上年度, 第二位与第三位的差距约为 4%, 而今年则缩减至不到 1 % 此外, 来自欧盟地区的企业占到 10.1 %; 而上年度, 许多选择 其他地区 的受访企业为欧盟企业 (EU) 11

12 Special Report on the State of Business in South China Q: Does your company or group have offices in other parts of China? If so, where? Yes (67.5%) No (32.5%) Yangtze River Delta Northern China Western China Other As in previous years, approximately two-thirds of companies have operations outside of south China, with approximately 75 percent of those having a presence in the Yangzi River Delta. The number of companies reporting presence in northern China has decreased this year from 70 last year to 56 percent this year, however, and the number of participants with operations in western China has similarly decreased from 33 to 30 percent. or Northern China and about 33 percent with a presence in western China. Wholly-Owned Foreign Enterprise (53.9%) Other (5.7%) Local Chinese Company (11.2%) Joint Venture (14.8%) Representation Office (14.3%) Q: What is the form of your company s legal entity? This question was added this year. Approximately half of respondents represented Wholly Foreign-owned Enterprises, with Joint Ventures and Representative Offices being roughly tied for second most common entity (each at 14 percent). Roughly six percent of respondents indicated other, with responses ranging from NGO and school to branch office and independent consultant, although many of these hypothetically ought to fall under the alternative categories offered for response. Q: How long has your company been engaged in business in China? 5 4 More than 20 years From 10 to 20 years From 6 to 9 years From 2 to 5 years Less than 2 years Similar to results in previous years, slightly more than half of participants report having been engaged in operations on the mainland for more than 10 years, with the rest being concentrated between 2 and 10 years. The number of companies reporting fewer than 2 years of operations has, in fact, shrunk by a small degree from 9.6 to 7.7 percent. 12

13 The American Chamber of Commerce in South China 问题 : 贵企业或集团在中国其它地区是否设有办事处? 如果是, 位于哪里? 跟往年一样, 大约三分之二的受访企业在中国其他地区设有办事处, 近 75% 分布在长江三角洲 办事处分布在中国北部地区的企业数量有所下降, 从去年的 7 下降到今年的 56%, 同样办事处分布在中国西部地区的也有细微下降, 从 33% 下降到 问题 : 贵公司的企业类型是以下哪一种? 这是今年新增加的问题 大约半数的受访企业为全外资企业, 中外合资和办事处两种形式并列第二 ( 各占 14%) 另有仅 6% 选择 其他, 这些受访者来自非政府组织 学校 分支机构 和 独立顾问 以及许多类似的经营模式被受访企业归于 其他 问题 : 贵企业来华开展业务已有多少年? 与去年的调查结果类似, 超半数的参与企业表示来中国大陆开展经营超过 10 年 ; 来大陆经营 2-10 年的企业数量位居第二 而在中国经营不到两年的企业数量显著减少, 从上一年的 9.6% 下降到 7.7% 13

14 Special Report on the State of Business in South China Q: Which category best describes the primary focus of your business activities in China? 71.1% Providing goods or services to the Chinese market 28.9% Manufacturing primarily for export We slightly amended this question last year to better clarify results; while the question has previously distinguished between goods and services, it was changed to specify between providing goods or services to the Chinese market and manufacturing primarily for export. We see a similar breakdown with 71 percent indicating their primary focus is providing goods or services to the Chinese market, and 29 percent reporting a focus on manufacturing for export. It would appear that the trend toward increasing focus on providing goods or services to the mainland market has paused this year given such an insignificant change in the context of several years of steady increase (from 46 percent in 2006 to 72 percent in ). Next year s results will be telling in determining whether this is a temporary pause or if the market as a whole has organically reached a balance. Examining individual categories reported for both goods and services, the other category continues to be often selected by respondents, indicating a breadth of specialization among companies and a diversity of markets being served. In the goods category, the most notable shift is that electronic equipment and household appliances has been replaced by semiconductors and other electronic equipment as the third-most selected option, although other remains the most-selected and textiles, apparel and leather goods the second-most. The services category saw a slight shift from 2008 s results, with professional services overtaking business services to be the most-selected category, but with the top three ( professional services, business services and other ) remaining the top three. Q: How many people does your company currently employ in China? 25% 15% 5% More than 5,000 Between 1,000 and 5,000 Between 500 and 1,000 Between 250 and 500 Between 50 and 250 Less than 50 Results this year are nearly identical to those posted in 2008, although a slight decrease (approximately 3 percent) in the category Between 500 and 1,000 employees seems to have been absorbed into the category Between 250 and 500 employees. As in past years, approximately half of respondents employ 250 or more individuals. 14

15 The American Chamber of Commerce in South China 问题 : 以下哪种行业描述与贵企业在华南地区的主要业务范围最相符? 71.1% 向中国市场提供产品或服务 28.9% 以出口为主的制造业 为了更为准确的描述相关内容, 上年度, 这一问题的选项从以前的 产品 和 服务 被修改为 向中国市场提供产品或服务 和 以出口为主的制造业 我们看到与上年度相类似的分类 :71% 受访企业的首要经营重点是向中国大陆市场提供产品和服务, 这一重要变化在过往几年的调查中呈上升趋势 ( 从 2006 年的 46% 到 年的 72%) 下一年的结果将确定的显示出这是一种短暂的停顿, 抑或是作为整体市场的一种有机调整已经达到平衡 针对 产品 和 服务 两个大类下面各详细分类的调查结果显示, 其他 是受访者选择频率较高的选项, 说明企业从事的行业分类之广以及市场的多样性 在 产品 这个大类之下, 最值得注意的转变是 电子设备 家用电器和配件 取代了 半导体及其他电子元件 成为受访企业从事具体业务范围的排名第三位 纺织品 服装 配件和皮革 位居第二, 而 其他 则名列第一 服务 大类的调查结果则与 2008 年的情况有轻微转变 专业服务 取代 商业服务 成为最多受访企业从事的经营范围, 但上年度调查得出的前三位今年仍在排行榜雄霸 ( 包括 : 专业服务 商业服务 和 其他 ) 问题 : 贵企业在中国的员工数量为多少? 25% 15% 该问题结果与 2008 年度调查情况几乎完全相同, 仅在 人 部分有稍稍下降 ( 约 3 个百分点 ) 减小的部分转移到 人 部分 在往年的研究中, 约有半数受访企业的员工数量为 250 人或以上 5% 50 15

16 Special Report on the State of Business in South China Q: Out of those, how many employees are expatriates or foreign passport holders? Greater than 50 Between 20 and 50 Between 11 and 20 Results for this question were again generally consistent with previous years, although there seems to be a slight skew in favor of more expatriate employees than reported in previous years. Between 5 and 10 Less than 5 Q: Has your company taken advantage of the current labor market by hiring new employees? Yes (80.5%) No (19.5%) This question was added this year. Impressively, 80.5 percent of participants answered that they had taken advantage of the labor market at the time by hiring new employees, and nearly half reported hiring more than 50 each. Extrapolating this distribution to AmCham South China s membership, we estimate that AmCham South China members hired approximately 429,000 new employees in. Q: If yes, how many new employees has your company hired? More than 5,000 Between 1,000 and 5,000 Between 500 and 1,000 Between 250 and 500 Between 50 and 250 Less than 50 16

17 The American Chamber of Commerce in South China 问题 : 全体员工中, 有多少是外籍人士或持有外国护照? 该问题的总结情况也大体与上年度一致, 仅有的细微变化是外籍职员比往年更受企业青睐 问题 : 贵企业是否利用现有劳动力市场优势雇佣新员工? 该问题是本年度新增 令人印象深刻的是,80.5% 的受访企业表示他们抓住了当前劳动力市场的优势雇佣了新的员工, 且这些企业中接近半数雇佣新员工的数量各自超过 50 人 根据华南美国商会现有会员企业分布情况, 会员企业在 年度共雇佣约 42.9 万位新员工 问题 : 如果有, 贵公司聘请了多少新员工? ,

18 Special Report on the State of Business in South China Revenue and Profitability Q: What is your company/group s approximate annual worldwide revenue? 35% 25% 15% 5% Greater than $500 million Between $101 million and $500 million Between $11 million and $100 million Between $1 million and $10 million Less than $1 million Q: What is your company s approximate annual China revenue? As seen every year since 2006, companies reporting global annual revenue of more than $500 million are most represented, accounting for approximately 32 percent of the total (albeit compared to 36 percent of participants in 2008). The most remarkable shift this year, however, is that number or participants reporting worldwide annual revenue of between $1 and $10 million has increased by approximately 4 percent, while the number reporting worldwide annual revenue of less than $1 million has decreased by approximately 2 percent and those reporting between $11 and $100 million has decreased by about 3 percent. Companies with global annual revenue of less than $1 million were once again least represented. 25% N/A Greater than $500 million 15% Between $101 million and $500 million Between $11 million and $100 million Between $1 million and $10 million 5% Less than $1 million Responses for this year are by and large consistent with those obtained last year, although slight decreases in the proportion of respondents indicating values on the lower end of the scale appear to have been absorbed by the Greater than $250 million and Not applicable categories (the latter representing NGOs and representative offices, primarily). 18

19 The American Chamber of Commerce in South China 收入和利润 问题 : 贵企业 / 集团在全球范围的年收入大约是多少? 35% 25% 15% 5% 自 2006 年调查以来, 全球年收入超过 5 亿美元的企业约占全体受访者的 32%( 尽管 2008 年度的调查结果为 36%) 然而, 今年最显著的转变是全球年收入为 1 百万至 1000 万美元的受访企业比重增加约 4%; 全球年收入少于 1 百万美元的企业减少两个百分点, 同时, 全球年收入介于 1100 万美元和 1 亿美元之间的企业减少 3% 与往年相同的是, 全球年收入少于 1 百万美元的企业所占比例最小 问题 : 贵企业在中国的年收入总额大约是多少? 25% 5 15% % 100 该问题的回复情况与上年度大体上取得一致, 略微的不同之处在于 : 年收入较少的受访企业比例有轻微下降, 其下降部分则被年收入 超过 2.5 亿美元 部分和 不适用 ( 后者主要是非政府组织和办事处所选 ) 部分吸纳 19

20 Special Report on the State of Business in South China Q: When does your company expect to be profitable in China? Other In between 3 to 5 years Within 2 years This year Already profitable This year s numbers are slightly different than previous years, with 78.9 percent of respondents indicating that their companies are already profitable, up from 72.0 percent last year. In contrast, the number of participants expecting to achieve profitability in the year of the study ( for this year s results) has shrunk from the 7.2 percent reported last year to 1.4 percent this year. Interestingly, the number expecting profitability within two years has also increased, from 11.9 percent last year to 14.3 percent this year, suggesting a temporary dip in business expectations during the year following the onset of the global financial crisis. Also of note, the proportion of respondents selecting the other category decreased by half this year, suggesting that at least some of prior years responses were chosen by for-profit entities not wishing to disclose information about their profitability. Of those companies reporting profitability at the time of the study, results are for the most part consistent with last year s, with approximately 66 percent reporting that they are both profitable and meeting or exceeding budget expectations. In contrast, in 2007 nearly 76 percent reported the same. This decrease is accounted for mostly by a decline in the number of firms reporting that they are exceeding budget expectations, from 22 percent in 2007 to a low of 7 percent last year. Q: If your company is already profitable, to what extent? Profitable and significantly exceeding budget expectations (9.7%) Profitable but not meeting budget expectations (33.2%) Profitable and meeting budget expectations (57.1%) Profitable and significantly exceeding budget expectations (7.3%) Profitable and meeting budget expectations (56.) Profitable but not meeting budget expectations (36.7%) 20

21 The American Chamber of Commerce in South China 问题 : 贵企业在中国预期什么时候实现盈利? 该问题的调查结果与往年略有不同,78.9% 的受访企业表示他们的企业已经实现盈利, 高于上年度的 72. 相比之下, 受访者预期在调查当年 ( 年 ) 实现盈利的比例从 7.2% 萎缩至 1.4% 有趣的是, 预期在两年内实现盈利的受访者比例却有所增加, 从上年的 11.9% 上升到今年的 14.3% 由此可见, 受访者对于金融危机爆发之后一年的经营盈利预期有暂时性下跌 还值得注意的是 : 选择 其他 类别的受访者比例下降了一半, 表明至少上年度选择该类别的有些是非营利性机构, 不愿披露他们的盈利状况信息 至于表明预期在受访当年实现盈利的企业, 其结果与上年度基本一致 大约 66% 的受访企业表示不仅盈利且达到或超过预期 相较而言,2007 年这部分的比例为 76% 这一下降情况主要缘于表示盈利超过预期的受访企业数量下降, 比 2007 年度 22% 的比例下降了 7 个百分点 问题 : 如果贵企业已经盈利, 则盈利状况如何? 21

22 Special Report on the State of Business in South China South China Q: What are your company s goals in South China? Produce goods or services in South China for the China market Produce goods or services in South China for the U.S. market Produce goods or services in South China for markets other than the U.S. and China Establish or expand a regional base Export from China to the U.S. For the fifth year in a row, production of goods or services for the China market remains the top-reported business goal for the majority of participants. Also consistent with results from previous years, establishing or expanding a regional base, production of goods or services for the U.S. market and production of goods or services for markets other than China or the U.S. ranked as top goals for the majority of participants, although the rankings for production of goods or services for the U.S. market has taken the place of production of goods or services for markets other than China or the U.S. Q: What are the major reasons for your company to set up operations in South China instead of other China locations? Opportunities in South China s domestic market Proximity to Hong Kong Greater openness than other places in China Better infrastructure than other places in South China Transportation and logistical advantages Opportunities in South China s domestic market remains a top consideration for companies setting up operations in South China, as do greater openness than other parts of China, proximity to Hong Kong and better infrastructure than other parts of China. Significantly, however, the fifth category has shifted since the establishment of this question in 2006 s study. That year, lower overall production costs was reported as the fifth top reason for establishing a presence in South China, but was replaced in 2007 by transportation and logistical advantages, which was in turn displaced in by availability of highly-qualified managers and specialists. Last year this change was noted as promising as the availability of managerial and specialist talent has historically been listed as a major challenge by participants. This year, however, availability of highly-qualified managers and specialists has disappeared from the top five, being replaced by the old standby transportation and logistical advantages. This year s results are, in fact, identical to those obtained in 2008 and 2007, albeit with the rankings for the third through fifth selections being in a slightly different order. Q: How do you expect your company s operations to change in the following areas over the coming 3 years? Responses to this question are this year once again optimistic, after the unsettling inclusion of competition from P.R.C. firms in the five options selected as increasing the most. This year also, however, marks the first time since 2006 that import volume into China has made the same top five. Similarly, this year marks the first occasion since 2006 that investment in new China facilities has appeared as well Import volume to China Services provided in China Profits China market-share Investment in new China facilities 22

23 The American Chamber of Commerce in South China 华南地区 问题 : 贵企业在华南地区的发展目标是什么? 向中国市场生产产品或提供服务为美国市场生产产品或提供服务为中国和美国以外的市场生产产品或提供服务建立或扩大区域基地从中国向美国出口 一连五年, 向中国市场生产产品或提供服务 保持大多数受访企业经营发展首要目标首位 还与往年相同的是, 建立或扩大区域基地 为美国市场生产产品或提供服务 以及 为中国和美国以外的市场生产产品或提供服务 位居大多数受访者首要经营发展目标, 而 为美国市场生产产品或提供服务 的位置被 为中国和美国以外的市场生产产品或提供服务 所取代 问题 : 贵企业选择华南地区而非中国其他地方设立运营机构的主要原因是是什么? 华南地区本地市场的机遇临近香港比中国其他地方更加开放华南地区更好的基础设施交通和物流优势 华南地区本地市场的机遇 是受访企业在华南地区设立运营机构的首要考量因素, 而其他主要原因则是 : 比中国其他地方更加开放 临近香港 和 华南地区更好的基础设施 然而, 值得注意的是, 自 2006 年设计该问题起, 前五位首要因素 已经发生了变化 当年 整体更低的生产成本 是企业考虑在华南地区投资的前五位首要因素之一, 但在 2007 年被 交通和物流优势 所取代, 同时, 后者又在 年被 拥有高素质管理和专业人才 代替 还是在 年的调查中, 拥有高素质管理和专业人才 这一变化才首次被列为是企业发展的主要挑战之一 尽管如此, 今年的调查结果中, 拥有高素质管理和专业人才 已经跌出前五位, 却而代之的是老生常谈的 交通和物流优势 实际上, 今年的结果与 2007 及 2008 年度相同, 尽管在第三位到第五位的具体排名上略有不同 问题 : 未来三年, 贵企业的经营将在以下哪些领域有所改变? 关于这一问题的回复, 受访者在今年依然显示出乐观的态度 来自中国企业的竞争 在五个选项中增长最为显著 同时, 自 2006 年首次出现 向中国的进口量 这一回复, 今年再次名列 前五位 之一 同样的,2006 年第一次出现的 投资在中国的新设施 亦再次出现 向中国的进口量中国提供的服务利润在中国的市场份额投资中国新的基础设施项目 23

24 Special Report on the State of Business in South China Investment trends Q: For, what was your company s realized investment volume in China? 4 35% 25% 15% 5% Greater than $250 million Between $50 million and $250 million Between $10 million and $50 million Between $1 million and $10 million Less than $1 million No investments made Similar to last year, approximately 89 percent of participating companies reported having made at least some investment in China over the course of. The most notable shift in distribution has been a decrease in the less than $1 million category offsetting increases in the number of companies reporting having invested between $10 and $250 million. Also notable is that projected v.s. realized investment for the year is up; deficits in both the no investments made and the less than $1 million categories appear to have been absorbed by every other category, indicating that most companies invested more than they had budgeted (see page 180). Q: For, what is your company s budgeted investment in China? 4 35% 25% 15% 5% Budgeted investment figures have, by and large, increased. Perhaps most notable are the decline in companies reporting budgets of less than $1 million (from 38.3 percent last year down to 27.6 percent this year) and the increase in companies reporting that investment budgets were not applicable (from 18.4 percent last year to 23.3 percent this year). Also N/A Greater than $250 million Between $50 million and $250 million Between $10 million and $50 million Between $1 million and $10 million Less than $1 million notable is the general trend toward higher investment budgets for those companies planning investments, although in some cases the margin between this year s and last year s results are slim enough to be related to sampling rather than actual discernable intent. Regardless, ignoring the not applicable category it seems reasonable to observe that this year companies are, as a group, intending to invest more than a similar group of companies had intended last year at this time. 24

25 The American Chamber of Commerce in South China 投资趋势 问题 : 年, 贵企业在中国的实际投资总额是多少? 4 35% 25% 15% 5% 与去年结果类似, 大约 89% 的受访企业表示在 年间进行了一定数量的投资 在投资数额分布中, 最值得关注的转变是受访企业中投资金额 少于 100 万美元 的数量减少, 而投资金额在 1000 万美元到 2.5 亿美元之间的比例有所增加 还需要注意的是, 预算投资与实际投资在今年呈上升势态 没有实际投资 和 少于 100 万美元 两个类别所占比例缩减的部分被其他类别吸收, 表明大多数企业的实际投资额高于预期 ( 详见 180 页 ) 问题 : 贵企业 年度在中国的预算投资额是多少? 4 35% 25% 15% 5% 受访企业预算投资额的数字增加较大 或许最引人注意的原因是表示预算投资额少于 100 万美元的企业数量减少 ( 从上年的 38.3% 下降到今年的 27.6%), 而表示这一选项 不适用 的比例有所上升 ( 上年为 18.4%, 今年为 23.3%) 还需要注意的是有投资计划的企业其投资的总体趋势是上升的, 虽然在某些情况下, 今年 与去年调查结果的微小差别可以作为调查样本, 但不足以表现企业实际的投资意向 不论怎样, 忽略 不适用 这一类别不计, 有投资计划的企业作为一个群体, 比上年度相同群体的数量多 25

26 Special Report on the State of Business in South China budgeted v.s. actualized investment 25% 15% budgeted actual Observing the comparison of reported budgets for versus what this year s reporting of actual spending, we can see that while budgets last year were cautious, most companies planning to invest more than $1 million invested more than they had originally anticipated. 5% Less than $1 million Between $1 million and $10 million Between $10 million and $50 million Between $50 million and $250 million Greater than $250 million N/A Normalized and estimated investment volume Normalized investment figures (normalized to 100 companies by percentage share) 1-year: $2,357,300,000 (+44%) 1-year: $1,633,650,000 3-year: $2,637,050,000 (-5%) 3-year: $2,761,450,000 Estimated investment volumes: 1-year: $9,359,000,000 1-year: $6,486,000,000 3-year: $10,469,000,000 3-year: $10,963,000,000 As we noted last year, to accomodate fluctuating sample sizes we have moved to a primary comparison of investment budgets normalized to 100 companies. This figure is calculated as the product of the mean of each category range and the percentage of total participants indicating that category, except in the case of the largest ($250 million or more) category, for which the minimum value is used. For consistency, we have also kept the minimum estimated investment budget figures, which we this year obtained by multiplying the previous year s figures by the factor by which the normalized figures changed from to. While last year we noted that figures had decreased across the board while the general relationship of 1- to 3-year budgets remained intact, this year we find that there has been a substantial increase (approximately 44 percent) in the reported 1-year budgets while the reported 3-year budgets has, in fact, decreased by approximately 5 percent. One potential explanation for this change is that a substantial amount of prior years 3-year investment budgets were carried over from 2006 through 2008, before the obvious onset of the global financial issues, whereas this year a substantial amount of 3-year budgets would have begun as, if not after, the extent of the issues became fully apparent. 26

27 The American Chamber of Commerce in South China 年度预算投资与实际投资 25% 回顾 年受访企业反馈的当年预算投资和实际投资的情况, 我们可以看到, 虽然去年的预算投资略趋保守, 但大多数企业仍然计划投资 100 万美元或以上, 超过他们原先的预期 15% 5% 标准化和预估投资量 标准化投资数据 ( 以 100 家企业所占比例为标准 ) 未来一年 : $2,357,300,000 (+44%) 未来一年 : $1,633,650,000 未来三年 : $2,637,050,000 (-5%) 未来三年 : $2,761,450,000 预估投资量 未来一年 : $9,359,000,000 未来一年 : $6,486,000,000 正如我们去年所指出的, 为了适应样本变化, 我们将样本规范到 100 家企业, 对其进行投资预算的比较 数据的计算方法是每一个类别的中间值与该类别在总受访人数所占比例相乘 而投资额的最大值 ( 达到或超过 2.5 亿美元 ) 则不计算在内, 因为其所占数量最小 为保持数据统一性, 我们保留最小的预估投资预算数据 这一数据由 与 两年标准化预算投资量变化的比值与 年最小预估投资预算量相乘得出 上年度我们注意到未来一年投资预算整体下降, 而未来三年的投资预算未受影响 今年, 我们发现未来一年的投资预算出现大幅增加 ( 约增 44%), 而未来三年的投资预算则下降 5 个百分点 这种变化可能的解释之一是 : 往年数额巨大的未来三年投资预算从 2006 年延续到 2008 年, 那时全球金融问题没有显现 而今年大多数企业在金融危机时期 ( 或之后 ) 计划未来三年投资预算 未来三年 : $10,469,000,000 未来三年 : $10,963,000,000 27

28 Special Report on the State of Business in South China Q: For the coming 3 years, what is your company s expected investment volume in China? 35% 25% 15% 5% Not applicable Greater than $250 million Between $50 million and $250 million Between $10 million and $50 million Between $1 million and $10 million Less than $1 million Interestingly, this year saw the most notable increase in the not applicable category (from 19 percent last year to 27 percent this year), indicating that companies were either not planning investments at all, not planning investments three years in advance or that many preferred not to disclose investment budgets for this timeline. Q: For future investments, in which areas of China will you likely expand in the next three years? 5 Yangtze River Delta 4 Northern China Western China (Sichuan) Western China (other locations) South China (Guangdong) South China (Guangxi) South China (other locations) Other The number of companies reporting planned expansion in other parts of China has decreased nearly across the board, however, with only other locations in south China (other than Guangdong and Guangxi) seeing any increase at all and that increase being relatively insubstantial. 28

29 The American Chamber of Commerce in South China 问题 : 未来三年内, 贵企业在中国的投资预算额是多少? 35% 25% 15% 5% 有趣的是, 今年的调查结果中 不适用 类别所占的比例上升最多 ( 从上年的 19% 增加到今年的 27%) 这表明, 企业没有投资计划或没有提前三年的投资计 划, 或者很多受访企业不愿透露其在这一时间段的投资预算情况 5 4 问题 : 贵企业未来三年可能在中国哪个区域进行投资? 表示在中国其他地区进行扩大的企业数量整体在减少, 只从 在中国华南其他地区 ( 非广东和广西 ) 中看到一点增长, 但增长不是特别明显 29

30 Special Report on the State of Business in South China Q: Did your company s budgeted investment volume change over the course of the year? 4 35% 25% 15% 5% Decrease < No change > Increase Looking at the results of this question we can see that out of those companies whose investment budgets for changed over the course of the same year, roughly three out of every four saw investment budgets increase, rather than decrease. Greater than $250 million Between $50 million and $250 million Between $10 million and $50 million Between $1 million and $10 million Less than $1 million No change Examining the responses to a follow up question asking by how much the participant s company s investment budget changed we can see that the majority of changes were for relatively small amounts approximately 80 percent of participants indicating an increase in investment budget over the course of indicated a change of less than $10 million, and approximately 76 percent of those indicating a decrease in investment budget indicated a decrease of less than $10 million as well. Q: Did your company s 3-year budgeted investment volume change over the course of the year? 35% 25% 15% 5% Greater than $250 million Between $50 million and $250 million Between $10 million and $50 million Between $1 million and $10 million Less than $1 million No change Decrease < No change > Increase The responses for the three year timeframe are slightly different. Fewer companies responded that changes to investment budgets were not applicable, while nearly twice as many responded that three-year investment budgets had decreased over the course of than had indicated decreas- es in alone. Quantifiable change in three-year budgets, however, were more diverse; the most substantive increases in budget appear to have been in the categories spanning from less than $1 million to $10 to $50 million, whereas 54 percent of companies reporting decreases in investment budget over three years reported a decrease of between $1 and $10 million. 30

31 The American Chamber of Commerce in South China 问题 : 贵企业 年度预算投资额在一整年中有无变化? 4 35% 25% 15% 5% 缩减 ( 无变化 ) 增加 从该问题的回复中可以看出, 年度预算投资额有变化的受访企业中, 四分之三的企业看到投资预算的增加, 而非缩减 对于紧接问题 企业投资预算变化情况 回复的研究可以看出, 大多数变化与小额投资预算有关 约 80 % 的受访企业表示其预算投资在 年度变化幅度少于 100 万美元, 其中大约 76% 表示投资预算减小少于 100 万美元 问题 : 贵企业未来三年投资预算额在一整年中有无变化? 35% 25% 15% 5% 缩减 ( 无变化 ) 增加 对于未来三年投资预算变化的答复于前一题有所不同 较少受访企业选择问卷所设的投资预算变化对其 不适用, 同时, 相较于 年度表示预算缩减的受访者, 今年表示预算在一整年中缩减的企业数量翻了近一番 然而未来三年预算额量变呈现多样化 大多 数投资预算增加的额度从 少于 100 万美元 到 1000 万 万美元 ; 而 54% 表示投资预算缩减的受访企业表示未来三年的预算减少 介乎 100 万 万美元之间 31

32 Special Report on the State of Business in South China The business environment in South China Q: How would you rate the overall business environment in South China? 5 4 Q: Compared to 12 months ago, in your opinion the overall business environment in South China has 5 4 Outstanding Very good Good/acceptable Needs improvement Poor Improved greatly Improved Remained about the same Decreased Decreased greatly This year, as in years past, the vast majority of participants report that the business environment in South China remains good/acceptable, very good or outstanding, and the actual percentage of participants claiming these ratings has increased to 90.2 percent, the highest since Asked about the current situation compared to 12 months ago, only about 9 percent of participants responded that the situation had gotten worse, while nearly 50 percent indicated that it had improved somewhat. To assess the impact of China s economic stimulus efforts (primarily the much-reported 4 trillion yuan stimulus, we asked participants specifically how these efforts had effected their business operations. Approximately 80 percent indicated that the efforts had at least some positive effect on their operations, although the majority (56 percent) reported that it was by some extent but not by a great extent or a very great extent. Finally, from the responses to the question How do you expect the following developments to affect your business operations in south China in, which listed eight relatively contemporary concerns a business might have, we can surmise that the issue that least concerns participants is appreciation of the Renminbi, whereas the biggest concerns appear to be other regulatory or legislative changes and increasing inflation. Q: In your opinion, to what extent have China s economic stimulus efforts in affected your business operations in South China? 5 To a very great extent Q: To what extent do you believe China s economic stimulus efforts in the past 12 months have had a positive effect on your business in South China? 6 To a very great extent 4 To a great extent 5 To a great extent To some extent 4 To some extent Not at all Not at all Don t know/no basis to judge Don't know/no basis to judge 32

33 The American Chamber of Commerce in South China 华南地区的营商环境 问题 : 您如何评价华南地区的整体营商环境? 5 4 问题 : 与过往 12 个月相比, 您认为华南地区的整体营商环境有 变化? 5 4 与过往几年一样, 绝大多数受访企业表示华南地区今年的营商环境保持 好 / 可接受 很好 卓越, 并且上述评价所占的实际比例已经增加至 90.2%, 达到 2007 年以来的最高水平 问到关于过往 12 个月营商环境的变化, 仅有 9% 的受访者表示情况变差, 相反近 5 表示整体营商环境有 一定程度提高 评估中国的经济刺激计划对企业经营的影响时, 问卷主要具体询问 四万亿经济刺激计划 对于受访企业经营的影响 约八成表示这一计划至少在某种程度上对其经营产生了积极影响, 但大多数 (56%) 表示影响为 一定 程度, 而非 很大程度 或 非常大程度 最后, 您认为将来的发展会怎样影响贵企业 年度在华南地区的经营 一题, 列出了八项企业当前可能关注的问题 从回复结果中可以推测, 受访企业关注度最低的是人民币升值, 而最受关注的问题则表现为 其他法律法规变化 和 通货膨胀增加 问题 : 在您看来, 年中国的经济改革在何种程度上影响到贵企业在华南地区的经营? 问题 : 过去 12 个月中, 中国政府的经济刺激计划对贵企业有何种程度的积极影响?

34 Special Report on the State of Business in South China Q: How do you expect the following developments to affect your business operations in south China in? Significant positive effect Somewhat positive effect Remain about the same Somewhat negative effect Significant negative effect Uncertain Not applicable Economic slowdown in other countries Economic slowdown in China Protectionist policies in China or other countries RMB Appreciation Tight Monetary Policies Increasing Inflation Increasing Minimum Wage standards Other legislative or regulatory changes Q: In your opinion, what are the top 5 challenges that hinder or limit your company s opportunities for growth in South China? Regulatory issues (Chinese government) Local competition Rising labor costs Foreign competition Lack of qualifiable managerial and specialists talent Interestingly, this year the results for both the right now and over the coming three years questions were identical, with participants listing regulatory issues (Chinese government), local competition, rising labor costs, foreign competition and lack of qualifiable managerial and specialist talent as the top five biggest challenges to their business. Q: In your opinion, what will be the top 5 challenges over the coming 3 years that will hinder or limit your company s opportunities for growth in South China? Regulatory issues (Chinese government) Local competition Rising labor costs Foreign competition Lack of qualifiable managerial and specialists talent As we noted last year, the remarkable persistence of many of these issues as the most-reported concerns for businesses both at present and in the following three years is significant, although to what extent these concerns are based on documented changes rather than speculation or a lack of systemic confidence is not evident. 34

35 The American Chamber of Commerce in South China 问题 : 您认为将来的发展会怎样影响贵企业 年度在华南地区的经营? 问题 : 在您看来, 哪五项是阻碍或限制贵企业在中国华南地区发展的主要挑战? 法律法规问题 ( 中国政府 ) 本地竞争人力资源成本增加国外竞争缺乏合格管理和专业人才 有趣的是, 今年对于 现在 和 未来三年 的问题的回答是相同的, 受访企业表明 法律法规问题 ( 中国政府 ) 本地竞争 人力资源成本增加 国外竞争 缺乏合格管理和专业人才 是五个最大的挑战 问题 : 在您看来, 哪五项在未来三年中将会成为阻碍或限制贵企业在中国华南地区发展的主要挑战? 法律法规问题 ( 中国政府 ) 本地竞争人力资源成本增加国外竞争缺乏合格管理和专业人才 像去年提到的一样, 当前及未来三年内企业最为关心的影响其发展的这些问题的持续性是非常显著的, 然而问题影响的范围给基于书面文件的变化, 而不是投机或缺乏系统性的信心 35

36 Special Report on the State of Business in South China Q: Has your company made specific preparations for emergency situations, such as a potential outbreak of Avian Influenza ( Bird flu ) or an earthquake or other natural disaster? Yes (44.4%) Skipped question (30.4%) No (25.2%) This is another question to which we added the option to skip the question entirely. That said, it is not a huge leap to suggest that the approximately 30 percent of participants who chose to do so are guilty by omission. That said, the number of respondents indicating that their company does have emergency contingencies in place is consistent with last year s results, which were themselves up from prior years. Examples of emergency plans included on-site Tamiflu, food and drinking water stockpiles for employees, emergency drills and crisis coordinators with specific training and duties. Q: How would you rate AmCham South China s performance on delivering programs and activities that match your expectations and needs? 5 4 Outstanding Very good Good/acceptable Needs improvement Poor This year, 93 percent of participants rated AmCham South China s performance as good, very good or outstanding, and 64 percent indicated very good or outstanding performance. This is consistent with results from the past three years. Also consistent with previous years was the 0.6 percent (about two participants) who felt that Am- Cham South China s performance was poor. Q: In what areas would you recommend future improvements in AmCham s programs and services? More presentations on relevant topics More social activities More round table discussions More lobbying efforts More publications More services Other Results this year are for the most part consistent with previous years, with one notable exception: whereas in prior years approximately 60 percent of participants indicated that they would like to see more presentations on relevant topics, this year only 14 percent requested the same; vexingly, however, many of the write-in responses in the other category were for exactly that more presentations on relevant topics. 36

37 The American Chamber of Commerce in South China 问题 : 企业是否对可能发生的紧急情况, 比如禽流感爆发 地震或其他自然灾害, 做好特别的准备? 这个问题我们也新加了 跳过此问题 选项 据统计, 数据并没有明显的跳跃表明约 的受访企业会因选择此选项而 内疚 对于已经做好应对突发事件准备的企业数量与去年结果保持一致, 并在往年的基础上有所增加 紧急情况应对措施包括禽流感问题, 食品及饮用水储备问题, 紧急事故程序训练以及应对各种危机的举措 问题 : 在开展项目和活动方面, 你如何评价华南美国商会 年的工作表现, 有多少项目和活动是符合你的期望和需要? 5 4 今年, 有 93% 的受访企业对华南美国商会的工作评价为好, 非常好或出色, 其中评价非常好和出色的比例达到 64%, 这与前几年的结果是相一致的 同样与前几年保持一致的是 0.6%( 大约两个受访者 ) 觉得商会的表现比较差 问题 : 你认为华南美国商会在项目和服务方面还有哪些地方需要提高? 今年的调查结果与往年大致类似, 除了一个明显的差异外 : 在过去几年的调查中大约有 6 的受访者提出希望组织 更多相关题目讲座, 而今年仅有 14% 有相同要求 ; 而且很多匿名受访者选择了 其他 选项 37

38 ECONOMIC OVERVIEW

39 经济概况

40 Special Report on the State of Business in South China 1. Overview: South China Greater South China is one of the most economically dynamic regions in the world and one that is of particularly great significance for the manufacturing industry, both domestically and internationally. The historic growth of South China s economy has created an immense economic network with strong links to the global marketplace. As the first area of China to be opened up to overseas business following Deng Xiaoping s famous proclamation that to be rich is glorious, the Pearl River Delta (PRD) is one of the country s most advanced and competitive regions, with world class local- and foreign-owned original equipment manufacturer (OEM) operations. Consistent with the strategic direction articulated by the Central Government over the past year, these manufacturers are striving for technological innovation to move up the value chain and to enhance their competitiveness in a wider range of products. Given a total population of around 41.5 million across the Pearl River Delta (24 million officially registered inhabitants and an estimated 20 million migrant workers), the region certainly has the workforce to continue to drive the economy forward. Covering an area of some 42,800 square kilometers, the PRD is commonly defined as including nine cities: Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Dongguan, Foshan, Huizhou, Jiangmen, Zhaoqing, Zhongshan, Zhuhai. Of these, Guangzhou (the capital of Guangdong Province) and Shenzhen, (China s first and most successful Special Economic Zone) are major, firsttier cities. While the Chinese government s definition of the PRD does not include Hong Kong or Macau, the two Special Administrative Regions have long played crucial roles in the economic fabric of South China and together with the mainland cities above form what is often denoted the or Greater Pearl River Delta region. Although all nine cities are subject to the same provincial government regulations and polices, municipal governmental implementation of these policies varies widely. Earlier reform and opening up in some areas (notably Shenzhen) and the relative strength of transport links have also led to certain discrepancies across the region. According to the Plan for Modernization Construction of the Pearl River Delta Economic Zone, a great metropolitan ring circling the Pearl River mouth, including two centers (Guangzhou and Shenzhen) and three metropolitan regions (Middle, East and West Bank of the Pearl River Mouth Metropolitan Regions), forms part of the Pearl River Delta. The Middle Metropolitan Region, with Guangzhou at the core and including Foshan, Nanhai, Panyu, Shunde, Sanshui, Huadu, Zengcheng, Conghua and other cities, will become the center of politics, education, culture, science and research, finance, commerce and trade, information and transportation, and the second industrial base for high-and-new tech and high value-added industries. The East Bank Metropolitan Region, with Shenzhen at the center, includes Huizhou, Dongguan, Huiyang, Huidong and Bolo. Bordering Hong Kong, it will become the shop front of the Pearl River Delta Economic Zone to the world, and a base for the development, production and application of high and new technology (especially microelectronic technology) as well as the energy and heavy chemistry industries. The West Bank Metropolitan Region, comprising Zhuhai, Jiangmen, Zhongshan, Xinhui and Heshan, is rapidly becoming a metropolitan region with energy and heavy chemical industries as the backbone. Household appliances and machine manufacturing will also be prevalent due to the availability of capital and technology. The Guangdong government also plans to raise the urban population to 65 percent by. Per capita disposable income of urban residents was 11,547 yuan in Under the plan per capita disposable income of urban residents in Guangdong was expected reach 18,000 yuan by, with rural per capita disposable income rising to 6,200 yuan in the same period. The target for urban per capita disposable income has already been surpassed, in fact, with the figure reaching 19,733 yuan by the end of Rules, procedures and regulations are changing fast in China. Several interesting changes have been made at the national level, from VAT refund amendments, to Individual Income Tax Declaration adjustments and the recent promulgation of the new Corporate Income Tax Law and Labor Contract Law that came into effect in However, regulations at the local level tend to change even faster and can often have yet more significant effects on foreign investors than the generally well-publicized national changes. As China s manufacturing center, the PRD colloquially known as the country s beating (economic) heart, hosting direct or indirect production for all kinds of sold goods and famous brands worldwide. Manufactured goods, outsourced to the PRD by domestic and foreign enterprises, accounted for nearly a third of China s total exports, worth over $420 billion in The region accounted for almost a quarter of China s foreign direct investment in 2006 with an income of $14.5 billion, averaging an annual increase of approximately 10 percent. Due to growing global competitiveness in the last five years however, the kinds of investment structures explored by 40

41 The American Chamber of Commerce in South China 一 华南地区经济概况 华南地区是世界上最具经济活力的地区之一, 对国内外制造业来说更是尤其重要 华南地区经济的历史性增长为全球市场提供强而有力的经济网络 作为在全中国首个对海外经济开放的地区, 珠三角是全国最发达且最富竞争力的地区之一, 拥有众多世界级本地或外资原始设备制造商 (OEM) 生产运作 与去年中央政府提出的战略方向一致的是, 这些生产商正努力以技术创新来提升价值链, 以提高更多类型产品的竞争力 珠三角地区总人口约 4150 万 ( 官方登记居民人数为 2400 万, 统计外来工人数为 2000 万 ), 无疑拥有足够的劳动力以推动其经济发展 珠三角地区覆盖面积达 平方千米, 包括九个城市 : 广州 深圳 东莞 佛山 惠州 江门 肇庆 中山和珠海 其中, 广州 ( 广东省省会 ) 和深圳 ( 中国首个及最成功的经济特区 ) 为主要的一级城市 虽然中国政府对珠三角地区的定义并不包括香港和澳门, 这两个特别行政区长期以来都在华南地区经济结构中扮演非常重要的角色 尽管这九个城市全部都受同一个省政府法规和政策的管理, 各市级政府对这些政策法规的实施层次有些差别 早期实现改革开放的地区 ( 比如深圳 ), 在地缘位置上都拥有临近港澳的优势 较早开放地区的经济发展程度也由于地理位置存在差异, 比如珠三角东部地区的深圳和东莞就发展较早 据 珠三角经济区现代化建设计划 指出, 围绕珠江口的大都市圈, 包括两个中心 ( 广州及深圳 ) 和三个大都市区域 ( 珠江口中部 东部及西岸的都市区 ), 该大都市圈构成了珠江三角洲的一部分 以广州为核心的中部大都市区, 包括佛山 南海 番禺 顺德 三水 花都 增城 从化和其他城市, 将发展成政治 教育 文化 科研 金融 商贸 信息及运输中心, 和高新技术及高附加值产业的第二大产业基地 以深圳为中心的东岸大都市区, 包括惠州 东莞 惠阳 惠东和博罗 毗邻香港, 此区将成为珠三角经济区面向世界的门户, 以及高新技术 ( 尤其是微电子技术 ) 和能源 重化工业的发展 生产及应用基地 以珠海 江门 中山 新会及鹤山组成的西岸大都市区正迅速成为以能源及重化工业为支柱的大都市区 因为充足的资金和成熟的技术, 家用电器和机器制造业也相当普遍 广东省政府同样计划到 年使城市人口比重增加到 65% 2006 年城市居民税后人均收入为 元人民币 根据该计划, 广东省城市居民税后人均收入到 年预期将达到 元人民币, 同期农村居民人均个人收入将上升到 6200 元人民币 城镇居民人均税后所得目标已经达到并突破, 截至 2008 年底, 该指标已经达到 元 中国的法规 程序和制度变化较快, 从 出口退税政策 的变化, 到 个人所得税申报 调整, 再到最近的新 企业所得税法 的颁布和 2008 年起实施的 劳动合同法, 全国性的法律法规发生了一些意义重大的变化 然而, 地区性法规的变化比全国性法规的变化更快, 对国外投资者的影响也往往更显著, 有时在区域竞争力方面会有一定影响 作为中国的制造业中心, 珠三角被誉为中国 跳动的经济心脏, 直接或间接地掌握着全世界各种各样销售产品和知名品牌的生产 被国内企业和台资 港资企业外包生产的产品数量达到中国出口总量近三分之一,2007 年总值超过 2.87 万亿元人民币 (4200 亿美元 ) 此地区在 2006 年取得的外商直接投资占国内外商直接投资总量将近四分之一, 总收益为 992 亿元人民币 (145 亿美元 ), 年均增长率约为 随着过去五年全球竞争加剧, 外国投资者投资结构的变化跟中国法规的变化一样快 法规的变化往往令中国更加符合加入世贸组织时的承诺, 随着外国投资者利润空间的缩小, 他们逐步开始加强自身实际的承诺 外包商变得越来越注重直接生产或更大范围相关服务的发展 小型贸易商寻求更有效的运营, 而大型贸易商及分销商则寻求对物流 质检 售后服务或海关相关领域的全面掌握 这就意味着珠三角地区为保持其市场地位而生产迁移的中小型外资企业正面临着中国企业和其他外资企业日益激烈竞争 在同一个地区找到两家 ( 或更多 ) 业内领先的竞争企业并不稀奇, 这些企业甚至来自欧洲同一个国家 在制衣 鞋业 皮革或五金 电子相关产品等低技术行业间的竞争日趋激烈, 由于利润空间的缩小, 达到最高的生产效率是保持竞争力的必要条件 此外, 在薪酬上升的同时可用工业用地逐渐减少, 41