CHAPTER-III STUDY DISTRICT* Gurgaon district lies in the extreme south-east. corner of the state of Haryana. between <1'

Transcription

1 CHAPTER-III 68 STUDY DISTRICT* 1. Location Gurgaon district lies in the extreme south-east corner of the state of Haryana. between <1' and 28 32'25 11 north latitude and " and scr east longitude (see Map:.2). It is bounded by Mahendragarh district in the west, Rohtak district in the north-east, Union Territory of Delhi in north and Alwar and Bharatpur districts of Rajasthan in the south. The river Yamuna demarcates the eastern boundary of the district and separates it from Mathura, Aligarh and Bulandshahr districts of Uttar Pradesh (see Map 3). The district headquarters i.e. Gurgaon town is located.32 kms. south-west of Delhi. With an ar~a of 4889 sq.kms. (rural area sq.kms. and urban area sq.kms.). the district ranks third in the state, containing 11% of.the total area of Haryana state. Due to reorganization of the district in 1972, the Rewari.. Tehsil was transferred to Mahendragarh district. Gurgaon district was further split up into two districts namely - Gurgaon and Faridabad with effect from 15th August, *Data concerning the study district have been obtained from. ~he following sources: (i) Deputy Commissioner s office, {ii) Chief Medical Officer/I?istrict Malaria Of:f:icer's office, (iii) District Public Relatio~Office (iv) District Agricultural office (v) District Statistical Organization (vi) Census of India, Haryana, 1971.

2 INDI6 IN MAP-2.

3 MAP.J: A PHYSIOGRAPHIC MAP OF GIJRGAON DISTRICT: SHOWING HILLS 1 WATER CHANNELS AND OTHER ADJOINING DISTRICTS,, LEGEND 'DUntiCT IJOUIV.IARY - - < Nt'TALL /) /toaj) =- UNMeTALLGIJ "DIV-.ST"KEAM -~ lltve"if Sl'.l>~ ~.J.SAN,.bUIVE'S <.-,. ~ 8UN.D.S ~ RAIL uay Ll/11 '..,... SI(IJ4E' -tt CANAt- COI'I'TfJU'( lin ~ R "'

4 69 Out of the eleven Community Development Blocks, six blocks, i.e. Gurgaon, Sohna, Pataudi, Nuh, Ferozepur Jhirka and Punhana remained with the Gur~aon district and the remaining five Community Development Blocks, namely Faridabad, Ballabgarh, Palwal, Hodal and Hathin, were included in the newly formed Faridabad district. At the time of the study, the district consisted of 5 tehsils. Each tehsil is also a sub-division for revenue collection and for general administrative purposes. Each tehsil has a number of community development blocks as per details given in table 5 (see Map 4). Table 5: NUMBER OF TEHSILS AND COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT BLOCKS IN GURGAON DISTRICT AS ON 1ST APRIL Sl.No. Name of tehsil Name of blocks Gurgaon Nuh Ferozepur Jhirka J?alwal Ballabgarh 1. Gurgaon 2. Sohna 3. Pataudi 4. Nuh 5. Hathin 6. Ferozepur Jhirka 7. Punhana s. Palwal 9. Hodal lo. Ballabgarh 11. Faridabad There are 12 towns, namely Gurgaon, Sohna, Pataudi, Haileymandi, Farruk nagar, Nuh, Ferozepur Jhirka, Palwal,

5 MAP4: ROADS, RAILWAYS,BLOCKS,MEDICAL INSTITUTIONS IN AI WAT AND IVON,MEWAT AREAS OF GURGAON DISTRICT. C" -v ~....,.-..I ',...& ~.I\...- "' -, \ , 'It" ~ LfGENO,, $... ()I.J'fl(fCr IJ()VNJIItltY _;J.. ~ TEH.SIL SDUN.fA It y... ~ "'f' f,un!ic /J()UN~~~~ y , CIYil HO.JI'IrAL 1)t P. H. C. DISP 1'11!1 ~ltfe.s + FAMfL'f: PtAfttNIN(i v C'l'fr1t1 ~OAIJS ~Ar M...,. IIIlJ /IIIOifl /IIIWN AT,... ' MIA ~ ~.., "' t... "' I " ~ ',. l I.. ~ "",::,. ' > ( 1

6 70 Hodal and the Faridabad complex, comprising 3 townships i.e. Faridabad Old, Faridabad New Industrial Township and Ballabgarh. Gurgaon district has 1222 villages, spread over 11 community development(cd) blocks. All the villages are electrified and are accessible by road. In the district, there are 740 grarn-panchayats, 3 municipal committees, 8 notified area committees, 16 police stations and 9 police 56 posts. 2. Physiography Physical features Gurgaon district has a varied topography of undulating land arid alluvial plains. This is due to~e fact that a number of small hill ranges, which are part of the Aravalli Range, exist in the south-west and south-east portions of the district. The heights of these ranges vary from 500 to 700 feet above the sea level. The ranges provide vast natural meadows for animals and are.also covered with occasional dense forests. However, the ground surface is very uneven. Twenty-five per cent of the area in the district is slopy; the rest forms plains. The general slope of the land is from west to east. Since this district has a varied topography, consisting of valleys and plain areas, drainage problems exist in Ballabgarh, Palwal and Ferozepur Jhirka tehsils. There is a peculiar complexity to this problem since most of

7 71 the streams tend to converge towards a depression instead of flowing into the river Yamuna. The hill ranges of the district form a marked feature in its physical characteristics. They are connected with the Aravalli chain of which they are the northern most spurs and their general direction is from south-southwest to northnortheast. One range forms the western border of the district stretching from the south-west corner of Ferozepur Jhirka tehsil to a point opposite Nuh town (see Map 4). 3. Climate The climate of the district is more temperate than many of the other districts of the state. Gurgaon district has an arid and semiarid type of climate. May and June are the hottest months while December and January are the coldest. Summer starts from the middle of March and continues upto the end of June. Hot and dry winds during these months are not uncommon. The temperature starts to rise continuously from April to June. upto September. The monsoon rains start from July and continues The winter sets in towards the end of October and continues upto February and the beginning of March. The maximum temperature rises upto 46 C in the months of May and June and the minimum temperature is 2 C in January. Mean relative humidity is highest in August viz.; 78 per cent and lowest in May ~.e. below 34 per cent.

8 '72 The district experiences heavy monsoon rains which start at the end of June or the beginning of July and continue till September. July and August are the months of heaviest rainfall when 74 per cent of total rainfall is received. Rainfall received in Januari is 43.6 mm whereas in September it extends to as much as mm. Nqvember and December are the months of lowest rainfall. The district again receives some rainfall from the south-west winds during the months of January and February and this rainfall plays a vital role in the success of the Rabi crops. Average rainfall in the district was mm for Average weighted rainfall from 1901 to 1973 i.e. 73 years as collected at important stations is shown in table 6. Table 6: SHOWING STATIONwiSE RAINFALL IN GURGAON DISTRICT FROM Sl.No. Name of the Geographical Longtitude Weighted receiving location rainfall for station latitude 73 years (in mm) 1. Gurgaon Sohna Nuh Hathin Ferozepur Jhirka 6. Punhana Palwal Ballabgarh (Source: Deputy CommissXner~ Office, Gurgaon)

9 73 4. Rivers, Streams and Lakes in the District i) Yamuna River Bordering the district in the east is the Yamuna which is a perennial river with a narrow but consistent flood plains. Its length in Gu.rgaon district is 123 kms. This river forms the boundary between this district and Bulandshahr and Aliga.rh districts of Uttar Pradesh. During the rainy season, it causes heavy floods in the eastern margin of the district. The tract along the Yamuna river is called Khadar. ii) Sahibi Nadi - Sahibi Nadi is the second important river. It is swollen-during the monsoons but it is almost dry during the winter season. It rises in Mewat hills of Jaipur district in Rajasthan and flows northwards, passing through Rewari tehsil of Mahendragarh district and then enters Pataudi sub-tehsil of Gurgaon district. As it does not have a marked course in the district, it causes floods in the villages lying in its fan. The length of Sahibi Nadi in Gurgaon district is 48 kms. iii) The Landoha The Landoha.refers to a monsoon torrent which flows east of. the.main Aravalli ridge. It originates in Alwar district and enters Gurgaon district in Ferozepur Jhirka tehsil. It causes widespread inundation in Ferozepur Jhirka and Nuh tehsils in the monsoon months.

10 74 iv) The Indori It rises in Alwar, 24 kms south of the Haryana border and flows through Tauru plateu of Nuh tehsil and joins Sahibi Nadi near Pataudi. v) Mehandwar Nala It emerges near Gassinwola Johar village of Gurgaon tehsil and terminates near Udaka village of Nuh tehsil. Its length in the district is 24 kms. vi) Ghata or Badshapur Nala It rises in Delhi hills near Mehrauli and flows southwards. It enters the district 1 km northwest of Gwalpatana village of Gurgaon tehsil. Ultimately it flows into the Najafgarh Jheel. Its length in the district is about 29 k.ms. vii) Bhuriya Nala or Ti~pat drain It originates from hills at a distance of 2 kms. south west of.meola Maharajpur village of Ballabgarh tehsil. This nala runs eastward into Yamuna half a kilometre north east of Muazzabad village of the same tehsil and a few kilometres east of Akbarpur village. These streams and nalas, though small and seasonal, are of economic significance, since flood water provides water to the land of the semiarid district for irrigational purposes.

11 '75 However, extremes of flood also cause malariogenic conditions, leading to localised outbreaks in adjacent areas. There are a number of lakes in the district besides the Agra and Gurgaon canals, : i) Khalilpur Jheel This jheel is situated in the northeast of Nuh tehsil. It is spread over 16 kms. and covers Khalilpur, Indri and other villages. The whole of this jheel is flooded during the rainy season. Near Khalil pur it turns about 607 hec-:... -, tares of land into a more or less permanent swamp. ii) Chandeni Jheel This lies 16 kms. west of Khalilpur jheel and is situated in the northwest of Nuh tehsil. It is also a permanent swamp. The area of permanent basin is about 400 hectares. iii) Senghal Ujina Jheel "'Lying to the south of Nuh, this jheel does not have a clearly defined basis as in the case of other lakes. It is responsible for floods in villages near Senghal and Ujina during rainy season. iv) Kotla Jheel This longest jheel in the district is about 5 km. in length and 4 km. breadth. It is situated at foothills of Alwar district where boundaries of Nuh and Ferozepur Jhirka tehsils meet each other.

12 76 v) Najafgarh jheel the This jheel is located mainly inlunion Territory of Delhi but a part of it lies in Gurgaon tehsil. 5. Demographic Profile i) According to the 1971 Census~ 6 the population of Gurgaon district was 13,72,197, which gives a density of 281 persons per square km. From population point of view, the district ranks second in the state, containing 13.7 per cent of its population. Tehsil-wise population, according to 1971 Census, is given in table 7. Table 7: TEHSIUNISE AREA, POPULATION AND DENSITY OF POPULATION OF GURGAON DISTRICT Tehsil Area in sq. km. Population Density of population per sq.km. Gurgaon ,46, Nuh Ferozepur Jhirka Palwal Ballabgarh ,30,663 1,87,730 2,84,387 3,23, District (Total) ,72, (Source: Census of India - Haryana 1971) Sex ratio among district population as per last census was 846 females per 1000 male. The population of the district as per annual malaria census was 18,51,984 in 1978.

13 '77 ii) Rural urban population Tehsil-wise classification of urban rural population is shown in table 8. Table 8: TEHSI!kHSE RURAL AND URBAN.POPULATION IN GURGAON DISTRICT Name of tehsil Rural Urban Total Gurgaon Nub Ferozepur Jhirka Palwal Ballabgarh Total (Source: Census of India - Haryana 1971) Population breakdown of the villages of the district is given in table 9. Table 9: DISTRIBUTION OF VILLAGES ACCORDING TO POPULATION SIZE IN GURGAON DISTRICT Viilages having population Number of villages Less than Between 1000 to Between 2000 to Between 5000 to (Source: Census of India - Haryana 1971)

14 78 According to 1971 census, about 81 per cent populqtion are Hindus as compared to 18 per cent Muslims in the district and latter belong predominantly to rural areas of Nuh, Ferozepur Jhirka, Hathin and Punhana blocks. comprising the Mewat area. About so. 64 per cent of the district population lives in the villages against per cent in the state. About 15 per cent of total population of the district belongs to the scheduled castes, but there is no scheduled tribe in the district. iii) Literacy Percentage of literate population is 27.2 per cent as compared to 26.9 per cent in the state~. The number of educational institutions in the district i-s given in table 10. Table 10: EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS IN GURGAON AS ON JUNE, 1978 Colleges 14 JBT School 1 High Schools 150 Middle Schools 74 Primary Schools 879 iv) Social groups of the district The pe ople of the district may be classified into four groups as far as social customs and languages are concerned. These are (a) Braj area of Ballabgarh and Palwal tehsils; (b) Mewat area of Nuh and Ferozepur Jhirka tehsils; (c) Khoriboli area.of Pataudi; and (d) an area adjacent to Delhi including Gurgaon town.

15 v) Occupation The working population of the district is 27.1 per cent, which is slightly higher than that of the state (26.4 per cent). This is due to larger participation of the population in the industries which are coming up in Faridabad and Gurgaon. But, still the district can be treated as dependant upon agriculture, because 56.9 per cent of the working force is engaged in agriculture. 6. Agriculture Development of agriculture has received special attention in the district. All out efforts have been made by authorities to increase the area under cultivation. The total area of the district is ,769 hectares,.. ~~, out of which nearly 39,0000 hectares'-~ i.e. about 80 per cent has been put under cultivation. Wheat, gram and barley are three principal ~ foodgrain crops of the district, whereas bajra, maize, j owar, groundnut, sugarcane etc. are the Kharif crops. In Mewat area oilseeds are also grown. The main sources of irrigation in the district are tubeweils, pumping sets, canals and wells. Large areas in Palwal, Nuh and Ferozepur Jhirka blocks receive water for irrigation from Agra and. Gurgaon canals. Total canal length in the dis.trict is 81 kms. Apart from.canals there are 9776

16 80 shallow tube wells, nearly 8000 pumping sets and some 22,000 wells in the district. The position of net irrigated area is shown in table 11. Table 11: NET IRRIGATED AREA IN GURGAON DISTRICT AS ON JUNE, 1978 I) By canals Ii) By tubewells III) By wells hectares hectares 3,800 hectares 7. Industry Gurgaon district is firmly set on a path of rapid industrialization. Before partition, industrially it was one of the most backward areas in erstwhile Punjab. But at present the district has a unique distinctio~ having one of the biggest industrial complexes in the country located at Faridabad. Besides, Faridabad, Gurgaon and Palwal are the two other important industrial centres that are developing fast. There are 109 large industrial units and 225 small scale industries functioning in the district, as against a total of only 9 in These industries provide employment opportu~ities to nearly 1.40 lakh persons out of which Faridabad alone gives employment to 1.30 lakh workers.

17 81 Big units are manufacturing tractors, motor cycles, scooters, tyres, refrigerators, pottery, textile, machine tools, etc., whereas small units produce auto-parts,ready made garments, cycle parts, medicine, agricultural implements, tyres, shoes, resins, chemicals and electronic and engineering goods. 8. Communication i) Roads - At the time of formation of Haryana, the district had total of 967 km. road. At present, total metalled roads maintained by state Public Works Department (~D) and local bodies is 1921 kms. District headquarters and the important towns of the district i.e. Faridabad, Ballabgarh and Palwal are well-connected. About 80 per cent of the villages are connected by pucca road. Gurgaon district has the distinction of having 2 National Highways (No.2 and No.8) passing through it. The former links the state with Uttar Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh whereas National Highway (NH) 8 '-links the district with Rajasthan, Gujarat and Maharashtra. There are four state highways and other small link roads in the district which has facilities for bus and goods transport (see Map 4). ii) Railways - -. linkage through railways - The district has adequate facilities of i.e. two important railway lines pass through the district. One double broad gauge line passes through Faridabad, Palwal and Hodal, linking with Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Mahareyshtra and South India. The second is the

18 82 metre gauge line which passes through Gurgaon and Pataudi, linking with Rewari and further to Ahmedabad. Bikaner. Ajmer, Jaipur, Hissar, Bhatinda, etc. There are 17 railway stations in the district. 9. Flood Situation in the District Floods in the district are caused by the inundation of areas by over-flowing water of Yamuna, Sahibi, Indori nadis and Landoha nullah. In 1976, river Yamuna, caused floods in Khadar area of the district,affecting 150 villages in Ballabgarh sub-division and 156 villages in Palwal subdivision~ Sahibi and Indori nadis affected parts of Gurgaon and Nuh sub-divisions. Almost the entire sub-tehsil of Pataudi was affected by the Sahibi nadi floods which affected 47 villages. The Landoha nullah is one of the major causes of flood in the Mewat area: it affected 148 villages in Ferozepur Jhirka and 165 villages of Nuh tehsils. The picture was no better in 1977 In 1977,the district was very badly hit by devastating.floods and a large area was submerged under flood water, resulting in disruption of communications. Seven hundred and ninety seven out of the total of 1222 villages were affected by floods villages were marooned, 245 badly affected and 222 villages were mildly affected.. According to the authorities, the economic loss was to the tune of about Rs.10 cr0res.

19 including damage to crops worth Rs.915 lakhs. Though all the 5 tehsils were affected, but worst affected villages were from Mewat area. Flood control measures In order to avoid floods in the near future, work of deepening of the Chandini drain, increasing capacity of the Kankar drain and improving the physical condition of the Nuh drain had been started. Some link drains like Indori, Rawasan, Alduka and Kurthala are also being sanctioned to 83 clean the depression. With regard to some affected villages, such as, Khalilpur, Behewa, Khetiwas, Chillinawas and NakdarpU:r in Pataudi subtehsil, proposal of ring bunds has been approved and work is being started. Work of remodelling the Ghata has been completed. I Flood situation in Gurgaon district during 1976 is given in table 12. Table 12: FLOOD SITUATION IN GURGAON DISTRICT DURING 19'16 1. Number of viliages affected - ba 7ffi_ y 2. Number of villages and townslaffected Number of villages completely surrounded by 4. Number of houses totally damaged Number of houses partially damaged Total area under water in acres Cropped area under water in aqres , 8. Population affected Loss caused to human lives Loss caused to cattle water - 142

20 S d... Immediate action was taken by the authorities concerned to shift this affected population from the inundated villages to safer places, for which 15 wooden' and 8 aluminium boats were maintained in the district. Medical, health and veterinary teams were sent to flood affected areas to check the spread of any epidemic.