DHMI GENERAL DIRECTORATE OF STATE AIRPORTS AUTHORITY. Suat YILDIRIM ATC Expert

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1 DHMI GENERAL DIRECTORATE OF STATE AIRPORTS AUTHORITY Suat YILDIRIM ATC Expert

2 INSTITUTIONAL ORGANISATION Ministry of Transport, Maritime Affairs and Communuication (M of TMAC) Ministry of Defence (M of D) Directorate General of Civil Aviation ANS Division DHMİ Airport Division Civil Military Co-ordination Group

3 DHMI 100% state-owned government organisation, Provides nation wide air navigation services, Operates aerodromes, Installs and ensures the maintenance of air navigation systems and facilities

4 AIRPORT OPERATIONS Including Built Operate Transfer (BOT) model operating 47 Airports according to ICAO rules and procedures

Number of Passengers 2006 to 2012 Total passengers 62,271,876 in 2006, and 130,630,154 in 2012 % 110 increase in 2012 compared to the year 2006 Domestic International Direct Transit Total 2006

5 Number of Passengers 2006 to 2012 Total passengers 62,271,876 in 2006, and 130,630,154 in 2012 % 110 increase in 2012 compared to the year 2006 Domestic International Direct Transit Total

6 EUROPE BUSIEST AIRPORTS LIST

7 AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL 2 Area Control Centers - Size of km² Ankara ACC İstanbul ACC 31 Approach Operational Units 44 Aerodrome Control Towers 7

Number of Traffic - 2006 to 2012 Total traffic 852,175 in 2006, and 1,373,640 in 2012 % 61 increase in 2012 compared to the year 2006 Domestic International Transit Total 2006 341262 286139 224774

8 Number of Traffic to 2012 Total traffic 852,175 in 2006, and 1,373,640 in 2012 % 61 increase in 2012 compared to the year 2006 Domestic International Transit Total

9 Runway incursions Rate of incidetns per flights 0,1 0,09 0,08 0,07 0,06 0,05 0,04 0,03 0,02 0, The Runway Incursion trend line show an increase

11 LRSTs were established in 2003

12 LRST a) The team comprise of representatives from ATCOs,PILOTS and DRIVERS b)regarding safety matters, the head of TEAM has direct access to Accountable Executive c) If neccesary.the experts from other departments,units or institutions are able to employed within the TEAM d) Similar settlement is constituted in all airports

Runway Incursions Perception???? 90 80 70 Yes No Blank Number of Responses 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Did you fail to see or hear information clearly or correctly? Did you forget the information?

13 Runway Incursions Perception???? Yes No Blank Number of Responses Did you fail to see or hear information clearly or correctly? Did you forget the information? Did you forget you had already done something? Did you mean to make a decision but didn't? Did you mean to make a wrong decision? Did you intend to do something but forgot? Did you mean to do, write or say one thing but actually did, said or wrote something else? Did you misjudge something? Did you miss out an action? Factors

14 RUNWAY INCURSIONS MAIN FACTORS COMMUNICATION PROBLEMS

15 RUNWAY INCURSIONS IN-DEPTH ANALYSIS CUMULATED FIGURES Loss of Awareness 2% Detection 4% Workload issues 2% Planning 11% Judgement 7% Misunderstanding 4% Forgetting 4% Monitoring 2% No ATC clearance 2% Handling of Radio communication failure/unusual situations 4% Hearback ommited 12% Phraseology 2% Transfer of communications 4% Call sign confusion 2% High R/T workload 2% Information wrongly associated 2% Failure to monitor 2% Situation not conveyed by pilots 11% Other pilot problems 5% Misunderstanding/in terpretation 21%

16 Runway Incursions main contributors Traffic Information Lapses Mistakes Air-ground Communications 0 0,005 0,01 0,015 0,02 0,025 0,03 0,035 Rate of incidents per flights Yearly data shows that in 90% of the Runway Incursions the landing clearance was issued when the other aircraft was still occupying the runway

17 COMMUNICATIONS: LANGUAGE Respect RT phraseology Prohibit the use of local languages at international airports Use one common aeronautical language and Improve the aviation language proficiency (English)

Phases of flight Taxiing 16% Take-off 4% Phases of flight 2008-2011 Approach

18 Phases of flight Taxiing 16% Take-off 4% Phases of flight Approach 37% Landing 2% En-route 41% 22 different airlines provided ASRs 9 main locations

Lack of SA or reduced SA can led to; Ground proximity to other aircraft Air proximity filed as near-miss High workload Split cockpit operation Being established on the localizer of the

19 Lack of SA or reduced SA can led to; Ground proximity to other aircraft Air proximity filed as near-miss High workload Split cockpit operation Being established on the localizer of the wrong runway Clears another aircraft to enter the active runway SOLUTIONS?? Standart Operatıng Procedures (SOPS) Team Resorce Management (TRM) Crew Resource Management (CRM) Safety Nets

20 PREVENTION STRATEGIES Ground Surveillance tools I.e. ASMGCS Markings and signage (RWSL,) Consider routings of aircraft during construction planning Training of ground crew Comply with ICAO Annex 14 SARPS Publish HOTSPOT maps Perimeter taxiways

21 ATC Avoid conditional clearances and clearances to follow another aircraft Precise instructions and standard phraseology Require accurate readback Mention closed runway exits, regardless of ATIS

RWY Safety in Turkey Main issues related to the RWY safety in Turkey provided by pilots are related to: RWY Marks, Signs and Lights - need for the compliance with Annex 14 Stop Bars - Usage on all

22 RWY Safety in Turkey Main issues related to the RWY safety in Turkey provided by pilots are related to: RWY Marks, Signs and Lights - need for the compliance with Annex 14 Stop Bars - Usage on all runway-taxiway intersections 24 hours (day and night, VMC and IMC) to prevent runway incursions. Start-up, pushback procedures Determination and recording (in AIP) of holding points, markings, signs, lighting, hot spots and items which will assist in preventing RWY incursion and excursion - the majority was done but still improvement can be done De-icing procedures.

23 Runway Safety data collection Mandatory Voluntary REPORTING SYSTEM

24 Safety information/data sharing include occurence,investigation and hazard reports

25 All safety risks and potential hazards concerning ATM can also reported via COREFORM(Confidental Reporting Form) as a part of SMS

26 What is the alternative?

27 A-SMGCS SYSTEMS

28 RWSL RWSL reduce frequency and severity of RWY incursions and prevent RWY accidents by increasing pilot and vehicle operator situational awareness RELs provide a direct indication that it is unsafe to cross or enter a RWY THLs provide a direct indication that it is unsafe to takeoff from a RWY

29 ISTANBUL NEW AIRPORT PROJECT

30 THANK YOU 30

Appendix F ICAO MODEL RUNWAY INCURSION INITIAL REPORT FORM

Appendix F ICAO MODEL RUNWAY INCURSION INITIAL REPORT FORM Report no.: A. Date/time of runway incursion (in UTC) (YYYYMMDDhhmm) Day Night B. Person submitting the report Name: Job title: Telephone no.: