Radio days: radio futures. Professor Richard Collins The Open University UK

Size: px

Start display at page:

Download "Radio days: radio futures. Professor Richard Collins The Open University UK"

Cameron Lewis
6 years ago
Views:

1 Radio days: radio futures. Professor Richard Collins The Open University UK

2 iafrica research 2007/ with mobile phone or active sim. Ranging from 3.2% in Ethiopia to 77.3% in Nigeria. 16+ that use the Internet. Ranging from 0.7% in Ethiopia to 15% in South Africa (17 country average 8.1%). Regular radio listeners. 11.2% in Ethiopia to 62.47% in Kenya. 2

3 3

4 SADC Protocol on Culture, Information and Sport. 4

5 MISA Namibia. The Media Institute of Southern Africa is horrified, shocked and disappointed by the passing of the communication Bill without any single amendments. MISA regard this passing as a betrayal to the Namibian People. accessed on

6 6

7 African radio growth. 1982: three commercial radio stations plus three stations run by churches and missions and four relay stations (Mytton 1983: 19). 2000: 300 non-governmental broadcasters (Mytton in Fardon and Furniss 2000: 22). 2009:????? But eg Myers 2009: 10: 300 radio stations in Mali (2008), 250 in DRC (2007), 150 in Uganda (2008) and 125 in S Africa (2008). Plus at least one state/national broadcaster in every country (often advertising financed). 7

8 8

9 9

10 Country and ranking Population Radios owned Percentage of pop. owning radios 1. Nigeria 135,031,164 27,006,233 20% 2. DRC 65,751,512 24,985,575 38% 3. Sudan 39,379,358 18,153,884 46% 4. South Africa 43,997,828 10,911,461 21% 5. Tanzania 39,379,358 16,462,609 41% 6. Kenya 36,913,721 8,047,191 21% 7. Uganda 30,262,610 4,932,805 16% 8. Ghana 22,931,299 4, % 9. Zimbabwe 12,311,143 4,035,000 32% 10. Mozambique 20,905,585 3,135,838 14% 11. Cote d Ivoire 18,013,409 2,629, % 12. Togo 5,675,356 2,326,896 41% 13. Cameroon 18,060,383 2,311,729 12% 14. Benin 8,078,314 2,164,988 26% 15. Zambia 11,477,447 1,698,662 15% 10

11 Individuals listening to Radio iafrica 2007/8 data. no yes, occasionally yes, regularly Benin 25.35% 37.99% 36.66% Botswana 44.74% 29.55% 25.71% Burkina Faso 25.98% 27.20% 46.83% Cameroon 38.08% 27.54% 34.38% Côte d'ivoire 36.49% 22.93% 40.58% Ethiopia 60.98% 27.50% 11.52% Ghana 12.31% 49.94% 37.76% Kenya 16.40% 21.14% 62.47% Mozambique 57.87% 22.62% 19.51% Namibia 29.63% 24.80% 45.57% Nigeria* 16.91% 33.82% 49.27% Rwanda 31.46% 16.08% 52.47% Senegal 10.17% 28.45% 61.39% South Africa 31.52% 26.96% 41.52% Tanzania 34.91% 38.86% 26.23% Uganda 12.71% 39.14% 48.15% Zambia* 44.46% 21.58% 33.96% 11

12 12

13 Growth in African language radio SA cable in Xhosa, Sotho, Zulu to hostels, mines etc and in 1950 to Orlando Lusaka African services, , 2009??? BBC external services in Hausa, Swahili and Somali

14 Wayaleshi radio in African languages. I have never had anything which could please my life better than the wireless I have got. Broadcasting is to Africans as the great invention of printing was to European countries in the Renaissance era.. We are no longer isolated. When I buy a radio set I bring a teacher into my family. I feel proud when I switch on my Saucepan Special and have the whole world in my hut (Fraenkel 1959: 20). 14

15 Saucepan Special Radio

DIY the Saucepan radio 2009. http://www.open2.net/sciencetechnologynature/worldaroundus/the_saucepan_radio.

16 DIY the Saucepan radio What you need wood for base (30cm x 30cm) wooden broom handle (30cm) enamelled copper wire (22 swg)* half a saucepan metal plate (similar in size to the half saucepan) 8 nuts and bolts and washers, or wire connectors galena crystal** crystal earpiece* insulated copper wire (100m)* heavy-duty plastic sheet (20cm x 20cm) * Obtainable from electronics stores ** Obtainable from any shop that sells minerals and crystals 16

17 Programmes being listened to most: music politics educational programmes programmes on local issues sports news business purposes ANYTHING that is being broadcasted Benin Botswana Burkina Faso Cameroon Côte d'ivoire Ethiopia Ghana Kenya Mozambique Namibia Nigeria* Rwanda Senegal South Africa Tanzania Uganda Zambia* 28.09% 6.92% 23.75% 0.08% 0.67% 25.26% 0.05% 14.65% 47.69% 0.24% 1.83% 13.36% 1.40% 23.23% 0.00% 12.05% 9.87% 2.54% 29.29% 2.70% 3.33% 49.39% 0.00% 1.94% 27.49% 2.21% 12.97% 0.12% 6.66% 44.11% 0.14% 5.27% 23.58% 5.84% 11.07% 8.72% 3.76% 38.89% 0.00% 7.31% 11.11% 0.30% 2.68% 4.63% 7.46% 24.40% 0.00% 47.72% 20.05% 1.95% 15.58% 2.50% 7.58% 24.48% 0.05% 26.90% 46.38% 3.77% 4.05% 5.81% 1.63% 15.72% 0.57% 21.51% 40.35% 7.93% 5.24% 6.14% 0.39% 19.96% 0.04% 19.81% 22.41% 3.55% 4.59% 22.66% 3.50% 22.71% 0.51% 19.15% 36.34% 7.62% 2.62% 14.03% 4.28% 22.11% 0.00% 12.59% 14.93% 1.10% 5.20% 8.49% 5.66% 63.35% 0.00% 0.67% 23.60% 2.17% 9.13% 0.00% 2.62% 36.73% 0.04% 24.82% 37.19% 2.10% 2.67% 5.34% 1.69% 11.95% 0.45% 37.69% 23.37% 6.22% 7.57% 5.86% 7.01% 45.07% 0.00% 4.54% 23.16% 1.34% 12.51% 10.16% 0.29% 29.22% 0.29% 22.46% 16.87% 0.66% 2.66% 34.03% 0.30% 5.21% 0.00% 40.07% 17

18 Competition, commercialisation, music. It was the honey pot then fledging Radio Bophuthatswana and with it, the country s first batch of urban black radio presenters and DJs that gave the town a shine of allure. We are talking here about the former anchors of the now defunct Radio Bophuthatswana; Edgar Brother Ed Dikgole, Modisane Modise, Tim Modise, Pearl Moatshe. This group was later joined by the likes of Bob The Jammer Mabena, Bogey Harry Cohen, Thuli Moagi, Peter Makurube, Zandile Nzalo, Nothemba Madumo Wow, the list goes on and on and on Young, black and gifted. Andrew Molefe. The Sowetan 23 July 2007 at id= accessed on

19 News? Myers 2009: 5 there is still a great - often unmet - demand for independent trustworthy news sources. ZBC, has witnessed declining listener figures year on year, under Mugabe's rule (Balancing Act, 2008) The RTNC, the national broadcaster in DRC, lags well behind international channels because it is known as the government mouthpiece (DFID, 2007). This pattern of abandoning the state broadcaster is repeated all over Africa (Myers et.al., 2004 ) cited in Myers 2009:

20 Substitution? New media? At present, Africans' news and information-seeking behaviour would seem to depend mainly on radio, TV to some extent, and to a growing extent on mobile phones. Radio as a source of news and entertainment is completely unopposed by the internet (Myers 2009: 5 ). what we know about how people in Africa use the internet - not for news, but primarily for ing, job-applications, studying, dating etc. shows that radio holds a distinct place in Africans' informationseeking behaviour, and is, as yet, completely unchallenged by the web. However, it is interesting to note that there are growing numbers of people accessing news on their mobile phones, via SMS: in Kenya 6% of adults report seeking news from their service provider, and in Ghana the figure is 9% (Balancing Act, 2008) cited in Myers 2009:

21 16+ that know what the Internet is 16+ that use the Internet 16+ with address Burkina Faso Côte d'ivoire Ethiopia Ghana Mozambique Namibia Nigeria* South Africa Uganda Zambia* 9.0% 4.3% 3.4% 17.3% 6.7% 4.1% 8.6% 0.7% 0.4% 26.6% 5.6% 5.2% 3.8% 1.0% 0.8% 26.7% 8.8% 5.5% 38.3% 12.7% 10.2% 50.8% 15.0% 12.6% 6.5% 2.4% 2.1% 43.4% 3.3% 2.8% Country Average 26.4% 8.1% 6.6%

22 22

23 23

24 Ofcom 7 country comparison One third listened to radio online (France 37%, Japan 17%). Audio downloads online 40% Canadians, 18% Germans. 23% said listened to less radio, 13% said listened to more radio post Internet access. 24

25 UK online advertising In the first half of 2009 the advertising sector contracted 16.6%. Internet advertising grew by 4.6% to 1,752.1m accounting for 23.5% of the advertising sector. Online advertising expenditure overtook TV for the first time (radio maintained its 3.3% share but in a declining market). 25

26 26

27 But. The UK may be anticipating general changes faster migration of advertising (mostly to search) online than any other country UK 18.9% on Internet USA 12.6% on Internet Germany 4.4% on Internet. 27

28 28

29 But.. Radio journalists in Africa, are, on the whole badly paid, have little job-security and are poorly organised. A typical monthly salary will be equivalent to that of a rural primary school teacher many community radio journalists and technicians work on a wholly voluntary basis, while government-employees of state radios often have to wait months to be paid (Myers 2008: 21). Citizen journalism and the internet? Access to resources via the internet? Addressing the world beyond Africa directly? Addressing Africa directly Zoopy.com 29

30 30

31 31

32 32

33 33

34 34

35 35

36 36

37 References. African Charter on Broadcasting. (2001) At accessed on BBC World Service Trust (2006) African Media Development Initiative Report (AMDI). London. BBC. At accessed on Fardon, R and G Furniss eds (2000) African Broadcast Cultures. Radio in Transition. Oxford. James Currey. Fraenkel, P (1959) Wayaleshi. London. Weidenfeld and Nicholson. Myers, M (2009) Radio and Development in Africa. A Concept Paper. Ottawa. IDRC. At Radio_and_Development_in_Africa,_a_concept_paper.pdf accessed on Mytton, G (1983) Mass Communication in Africa. London. Edward Arnold. Ofcom (2008) The International Communications Market London. Ofcom. Ofcom (2009) The Communications Market Report London. Ofcom. SADC Protocol on Culture, Information and Sport (2000) At accessed on

Monday 26 September 2011

Monday 26 September 2011 Giganet Nairobi 26 September 2011 Dr. Alison Gillwald Executive Director : Research ICT Africa Adjunct Professor: University of Cape Town Graduate School of Business Management of Infrastructure Reform