7/27/2010. Regions of Subsaharan Africa. SUBSAHARAN AFRICA II (Chapter 6, pages ) Southern Africa. South Africa: Peaceful Change from Apartheid

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1 SUBSAHARAN AFRICA II (Chapter 6, pages ) Regions of Subsaharan Africa Southern Africa 10 countries, 6 of them landlocked Congo Basin marks northern limit Plateau country Rich in natural resources Agricultural diversity South Africa: Peaceful Change from Apartheid New flag Old flag 1

South Africa: New Organization Southern Africa: The Middle Tier Botswana: Kalahari Desert and surrounding steppe Despite mineral resources, most people farmers Lesotho and Swaziland: Heavily

Tier Angola: Exclave of Cabinda Civil war after independence Reviving with investment in oil wealth Moçambique: Possible ports for South Africa and landlocked countries, but plagued by civil war

2 South Africa: New Organization Southern Africa: The Middle Tier Botswana: Kalahari Desert and surrounding steppe Despite mineral resources, most people farmers Lesotho and Swaziland: Heavily dependent on remittances from workers in South Africa Zimbabwe: Rich resources, but devastated by dictatorial government Namibia: Former German colony, mostly very dry Southern Africa: The Northern Tier Angola: Exclave of Cabinda Civil war after independence Reviving with investment in oil wealth Moçambique: Possible ports for South Africa and landlocked countries, but plagued by civil war Zambia: Rich copper resources, but landlocked Malawi: Agricultural base suffers environmental degradation East Africa Lies astride the equator Mainly highlands Cooler and generally drier conditions Ethnic diversity 2

Kenya Dominant state in region Capitalist approach to development Nairobi primate city (3.

franca Muslim front along the coast East Africa Tanzania Largest in population and area in East Africa

dependent on Kenya for access to the sea Rwanda and Burundi Former German colonies, given to Belgium in

Transition Zone Settled from Southeast Asia Malagasy language related to Malay African settlers French

3 Kenya Dominant state in region Capitalist approach to development Nairobi primate city (3.2 million) Economy: coffee, tea, flowers, and vegetables for Europe; tourism revenues Swahili is the lingua franca Muslim front along the coast East Africa Tanzania Largest in population and area in East Africa Dispersed clusters of population Ethnic diversity Uganda Home of precolonial Ganda kingdom Landlocked, dependent on Kenya for access to the sea Rwanda and Burundi Former German colonies, given to Belgium in 1918 Most densely populated African countries Ethiopia Highlands keep it somewhat isolated Part of African Transition Zone Settled from Southeast Asia Malagasy language related to Malay African settlers French colonial rule Not part of either Southern or East Africa; Southeast Asian imprint still visible Madagascar [Insert Figure 6-15, page 219, here] 3

Astride the equator Mainly lowlands, dominated by Congo Basin Vast areas of rain forest Delineated from Nigeria by physiographic as well as cultural breaks

The Congo Formerly Zaïre, Belgian Congo; capital Kinshasa Largest in in area, population Rich resources, but strong centrifugal forces Chad Remote location,

petroleum resources Gabon Oil and timber resources s only upper-middle-income country Cameroon Strong agricultural sector Higher level of development Congo

4 Astride the equator Mainly lowlands, dominated by Congo Basin Vast areas of rain forest Delineated from Nigeria by physiographic as well as cultural breaks The Adamawa Highlands coincide with the border between British-influenced Nigeria and Frenchacculturated Cameroon. The Congo Formerly Zaïre, Belgian Congo; capital Kinshasa Largest in in area, population Rich resources, but strong centrifugal forces Chad Remote location, also straddles transition zone Oil resources Central African Republic: Potential agricultural and mineral wealth São Tomé and Príncipe: Mini-state with petroleum resources Gabon Oil and timber resources s only upper-middle-income country Cameroon Strong agricultural sector Higher level of development Congo Capital Brazzaville, therefore called Congo-Brazzaville to distinguish it from larger neighbor Potential as transportation hub Equatorial Guinea Mainland and island segments Impacted by petroleum under area s waters 4

West Africa West Africa West of Lake Chad, south of Algeria-Libya Numerous

Differing colonial legacies Nigeria Regions based on tribal areas

Nigeria Political organization today: Federation of 36 States Forward

5 West Africa West Africa West of Lake Chad, south of Algeria-Libya Numerous countries Smaller coastal countries Large countries in desert and Sahel Differing colonial legacies Nigeria Regions based on tribal areas Hausa-Fulani Yoruba Colonial development; Colonial capital of Lagos Ibo Nigeria Political organization today: Federation of 36 States Forward capital at Abuja Muslim dominated Densely populated rural areas; 1967 war for independent state of Biafra 5

West Africa: Coastal-Oriented States Burkina Faso: Landlocked, poor Ghana: Recovering from period of grandiose, mismanaged plans Ivory Coast (Côte d Ivoire): Has suffered from grand projects of

Leone: Settled by freed slaves sponsored by Britain African Transition Zone The Horn of Africa: Part of Transition Zone Horn of Africa Ethiopia: Home of ancient Coptic Christian empire Isolation

6 West Africa: Coastal-Oriented States Burkina Faso: Landlocked, poor Ghana: Recovering from period of grandiose, mismanaged plans Ivory Coast (Côte d Ivoire): Has suffered from grand projects of president-for-life Senegal: Has achieved growth despite lack of resources Gambia: Enclave within Senegal Liberia: Settled by freed American slaves, has recently suffered a civil war Sierra Leone: Settled by freed slaves sponsored by Britain African Transition Zone The Horn of Africa: Part of Transition Zone Horn of Africa Ethiopia: Home of ancient Coptic Christian empire Isolation from highlands Today two-thirds Muslim, mostly in the east Eritrea: boundary disputes with Ethiopia Djibouti: Location on Bab el Mandeb Strait choke point Somali: Multiple ethnic groups Failed state 6

Table A.LPG1 : TOTAL LPG CONSUMPTION (Best available Estimates)

Table A.LPG1 : TOTAL LPG CONSUMPTION (Best available Estimates) 1000 MT 1 Burkina Faso 0.509 0.587 0.615 0.606 0.435 0.429 0.691 1.057 1.385 1.698 2.156 2.432 2.888 2 Cape Verde 4.058 4.268 4.988 5.259