Aquatic Ecosystems and Invertebrates of the Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument

Transcription

1 Aquatic Ecosystems and Invertebrates of the Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument Cooperative Agreement Number JSA Annual Report of Activities for 2000 Mark Vinson National Aquatic Monitoring Center Department of Fisheries and Wildlife Utah State University Logan, Utah April 2001

2 Table of contents Page Foreword... i Introduction... 1 Study area... 1 Long-term repeat sampling sites... 2 Methods Locations and physical habitat... 3 Aquatic invertebrates Qualitative samples... 3 Quantitative samples... 4 Laboratory methods... 4 Results Sampling locations... 5 Habitat types... 6 Water temperatures... 8 Aquatic invertebrates... 8 Literature cited Appendices 1. Aquatic invertebrates collected in the major habitats A. Alcove pools B. Hanging gardens C. Posy Lake D. Ponds and reservoirs E. Springs and seeps F. Rivers and streams G. Tinajas Aquatic invertebrates sampling locations i cover photo: Brooke Bushman sampling within drainage tinajas near the Highway 12 overlook.

3 i Foreword The work described in this report was conducted by the National Aquatic Monitoring Center, Utah State University, Logan, Utah. The following people participated in the field collection of the samples, the identification of the invertebrates, and the writing of this report. I thank them for all their help and good spirit. Dave Axford Dan Barnes Brooke Bushman Leslie Ogden Matt Tagg Erin Thompson Dan Zamecnik

4 1 Introduction The Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument was established on 18 September 1996 and comprises more than 760,000 hectares of geological and ecological diversity in southern Utah. In 1998 we began to survey and monitor the Monument s aquatic habitats with the goals of collecting basic faunistic and ecological data and long-term biomonitoring data. Sampling should continue through at least Our sampling strategy has been twofold: 1) qualitatively sample as many locations as possible; and 2) repeatedly sample across seasons and years a subset of perennial habitats collecting both quantitative and qualitative samples. The purpose of this report is to describe where, when, and how we have sampled through December Similar reports were prepared for samples collected in 1999 and Thee reports can be obtained from our web site: or from the Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument, 180 West 300 North, Kanab, Utah 84741, Study area Elevations within and adjacent to the National Monument range from 1100 to 3000 m. At Escalante, Utah, elevation 1616 m, annual air temperatures vary widely from <10 to 100 F ( 30 to 37 C). The mean annual precipitation is about 12 inches (30 mm). Winters are cold and windy and summers are characterized by hot days and cool nights. Moisture falls predominantly as snow between January and May (Figure 1). Early summer is usually dry, whereas intense localized thunderstorms are common in late summer. Precipitation (inches) OCT DEC FEB APR Month JUN AUG Figure 1. Long-term means + SE in monthly precipitation at Escalante, Utah.

5 Discharge (CFS) 2 Streamflow patterns are atypical for the Rocky Mountains with peaks occurring in response to both spring snowmelt and late summer monsoonal rain events. Monsoonal stormflows can be 50 times greater than mean annual flows and 2-10 times greater than spring peak flows (Figure 2). Water temperatures range from near zero to >33 C (Figure 2). Stream substrates vary widely and are often either bedrock or sand. Water Temperature (C) Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Month Figure 2. Discharge and water temperature for the Escalante River near its mouth in Long-term repeat sampling sites The following sites were identified as locations where long-term seasonal collections will be made. Samples collected on rivers near tributary streams would be taken upstream of the tributary stream. This list will likely be amended as we become more familiar with the Monument. 1. Escalante River near Escalante 7. Escalante River near Harris Wash 2. Escalante River near Mamie Creek 8. Escalante River near Coyote Gulch 3. Escalante River near Sand Creek 9. Mamie Creek at mouth 4. Escalante River near Calf Creek 10. Sand Creek at mouth 5. Escalante River near Boulder Creek 11. Calf Creek at mouth 6. Escalante River near the Gulch 12. Boulder Creek at Highway 12 bridge

6 3 13. Boulder Creek at mouth 14. Deer Creek at Burr Trail bridge 15. The Gulch at Burr Trail bridge 16. The Gulch at mouth 17. Pine Creek at Lower Box Canyon trailhead 18. Paria River at Highway 12 bridge 19. Harris Wash near trailhead 20. Harris Wash at mouth 21. Coyote Gulch near Hamblin Arch 22. Coyote Gulch at mouth Methods Locations and physical habitat The latitude and longitude of each site was determined using hand held global positioning units. Elevation was determined using an altimeter or a 7.5 min topographic map. Water and air temperatures were determined at the time of sampling using thermometers. The conductivity of the water was determined using an Oakton TDS Testr 40 hand held meter and the ph was determined using an Oakton ph Testr 2. Substrate particle size distributions were estimated by pebble counts (Wolman 1954). Overstream shade was estimated using a spherical densiometer. Substrate particle size distributions were estimated by pebble counts (Wolman 1954). Over-stream shade was estimated using a spherical densiometer. In 2000 we placed continuous recording thermographs (Hobo temps, Onset Inc.) in the following locations: Escalante River near the town of Escalante Escalante River at the Highway 12 bridge Calf Creek at the mouth near Highway 12 Boulder Creek at the Highway 12 bridge Deer Creek at the Burr Trail bridge The Gulch at the Burr Trail bridge Pine Creek near the Upper and Lower Box Canyon trail heads Tinajas off of Highway 12 near the panoramic overlook Aquatic invertebrates Qualitative samples The objective of qualitative invertebrate collections was to collect as many different kinds of invertebrates living at a site as possible. Qualitative collections of invertebrates were done at all sites. Samples were collected with a kicknet (457 x 229 mm) with a 500 micron mesh net and by hand picking invertebrates from woody debris and large boulders. All major habitat types (e.g., riffles, pools, back waters, macrophyte beds) were sampled and all samples were composited to form a single sample from each site. In addition, tinajas were sampled with a zooplankton net (130 mm diameter, 80 micron mesh). Generally, 10 zooplankton tows were made across each tinaja at a variety of sampling depths and composited into a single sample. Quantitative samples The objective of quantitative invertebrate sampling was to collect the more

7 4 common invertebrates at a site and estimate their relative abundances. Quantitative samples were collected using a rectangular kicknet (457 x 229 mm) with a 500 micron mesh net. Samples were collected by disturbing the area immediately upstream of the front of the net with our hands and scrubbing individual substrate particles within the sampling area and allowing the invertebrates and detritus to wash downstream into the net. The area of each sample was approximately 0.18 m 2 (0.45 m wide x 0.4 m deep). Four samples were collected in 4 different riffles and composited to make a sample of approximately 0.7 m 2 (4 kicknets x 0.18 m 2 ) for each location. Laboratory methods The general procedures followed for processing invertebrate samples were similar to those recommended by the United States Geological Survey (Cuffney et al. 1993) and are described in greater detail and rationalized in Vinson and Hawkins (1996). Qualitative samples were processed in the entirety, i.e., all the organisms were removed and identified. Quantitative samples were sub-sampled if the sample appeared to contain more than 500 organisms. Sub-samples were obtained by pouring the sample into an appropriate diameter 250 micron sieve, floating this material by placing the sieve within an enamel pan partially filled with water and leveling the material within the sieve. The sieve was then removed from the water pan and the material within the sieve was divided into equal parts. One side of the sieve was then randomly chosen to be processed and the other side was set aside. The sieve was then placed back in the enamel pan and the material in the sieve again leveled and split in half. This process was repeated until approximately 500 organisms remained in one-half of the sieve. This material was then placed into a petri dish and all organisms were removed under a dissecting microscope at power. Additional sub-samples were taken until at least 500 organisms were removed. All organisms within a sub-sample were removed. During the sorting process the organisms were separated into Orders. When the sorting of the sub-samples was completed, the entire sample was spread throughout a large white enamel pan and searched for 10 minutes to remove any taxa that might not have been picked up during the initial sample sorting process. The objective of this "big/rare" search was to provide a more complete taxa list by finding rarer taxa that may have been excluded during the sub-sampling process. These rarer bugs were placed into a separate vial and tracked separately from the bugs removed during the sub-sampling process. All the organisms removed during the sorting process were then identified. Once the data had been entered into a computer and checked, the unsorted portion of the sample was discarded. The identified portion of the sample was placed in 70% ethanol, given a catalog number, and was retained.

8 Miles N E W S ALCOVE POOL POND SPRING STREAM TINAJA Figure 3. Aquatic invertebrate sampling locations. Results Aquatic invertebrate sampling locations To date we have sampled 136 locations within and adjacent to the Grand Staircase - Escalante National Monument (Figure 3). The majority of these sites have been perennial streams (74), but we also sampled alcove pools (7), hanging gardens (1), Posy Lake, natural and man-made ponds, wetlands (2), and reservoirs (2), limnocrene (3) and rheocrene springs (3), seeps (6), and tinajas (17). The general location and specific geographic coordinates for each sampling location are presented in Appendix 2.

9 6 Aquatic habitats This desert landscape contains many unique ephemeral and perennial aquatic habitats, including streams, alcove pools, natural and man-made ponds, springs, tinajas (rock pools), and hanging gardens (Table 1). Alcove pools were defined as perennial and ephemeral pools located beneath bedrock pouroffs. Hanging gardens are assemblages of aquatic and semi-aquatic plants and animals occurring at small seeps on canyon walls. Springs were separated into rheocrenes (flowing water springs), limnocrenes (non-flowing water springs), and seeps (small water sources occurring on the canyon floor). Tinajas are perennial and ephemeral water filled depressions in and outside of defined bedrock drainages. Perennial streams are Ephemeral streams are flowing water habitats streams that flow only that have water year part of the year. around. Perennial Streamflow may be streams can vary caused by snowmelt or considerably with rain storms. These respect to their flow and water temperature Calf Creek streams vary considerably with Paria River regimes, substrates, respect to how long and riparian vegetation they maintain flow and communities. their size. Natural ponds and Man-made ponds vary wetlands. These with the respect to their habitats vary size, how long they considerably with maintain water, and the respect to their size degree of livestock and the length of time they maintain surface Wetland pond, natural use. Livestock pond, manmade water.

10 7 Alcove pools have Hanging gardens are been defined as located up above the perennial and high water level within ephemeral pools slot canyons and along located beneath rock walls near bedrock pour-offs. These have contained waterfalls and alcove pools. Hanging garden high species richness of invertebrates and amphibians. Alcove pool Tinajas, within Tinajas, outside drainages. These defined drainages. habitats vary with These habitats vary respect to their size, with respect to their the length of time they maintain surface water, their shading and the Tinaja, within a clearly defined drainage size, the length of time they maintain surface water, and the quantity Tinajas, outside of a clearly defined drainage quantity of emergent of wetland vegetation wetland vegetation. associated with them. Rheocrenes - flowing Limnocrenes - non- water springs and flowing water, lentic seeps that may flow spring ecosystems that into perennial or commonly resemble ephemeral streams or small wetlands. may disappear into the ground a few meters from their source. Spring system Spring, near Alvey Wash

11 8 Water temperatures Continuous water temperatures were recorded at several locations during year 2000 (Figure 4). Additional data was collected in 2000 than is shown in Figure 4. This data is not presented because the thermographs were switched in September 2000, so the data collected between September and December2000 is still in the field. This data will be retrieved when the thermographs are switched in April Minimum water temperatures occurred in the winter and were near 0 C for all locations. Maximum water temperatures occurred in the summer and varied from about 22 C in lower Pine Creek to more than 25 C in Calf Creek and Deer Creek. All sites exhibited considerable diel variation in water temperature. In 2001 we will collecting data at these same sties as well as several new sites including the head of Calf Creek, so that we can determine the degree of warming that occurs along the entire length of Calf Creek. Water temperature (C) Deer Creek near campground Calf Creek near mouth Pine Creek at Lower Box trailhead Boulder Creek at HWY 12 0 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Month 2000 Escalante River near USGS gage Figure 4. Water temperatures recorded during year Aquatic invertebrates An impressive number of aquatic invertebrates have been collected from the many unique habitats present in the Monument. To date we have collected and processed 345 samples from 136 locations. We have identified 43,436 individual invertebrates from 27 orders, 94 families, and 177 different genera (Table 2). Diversity was highest among insects. We have found 35 Coleoptera, 31 Diptera (excluding Chironomidae), 14 Ephemeroptera, 10 Hemiptera, 18 Odonata, 14 Plecoptera, and 31 genera of Trichoptera (Table 2). Non-insects were less diverse, but we have also not yet identified many of these taxa to genus, so the results are more preliminary. Nonetheless, we found 11 genera of Crustacea and 7

12 genera of Mollusca. Species accumulation curves suggest that we are a long ways from finding all of the different aquatic invertebrate taxa in the Monument (Figure 5). With each new location that we sample we find new taxa, and there is little indication that this relationship is flattening out All Habitat Types Streams Other habitats 75 1:1 line Number of Sampling Locations Figure 5. Taxa accumulation curves to show the rate which new taxa are being encountered. Cumulative Taxa Richness (OTUs) 9 Table 2. Summary of aquatic macroinvertebrate collections made through December 2000 by major habitat type. OTU = operational taxonomic unit and represents a mix of taxonomic levels, because not all individuals can be identified to a consistent taxonomic level. Measure All locations Alcove pools Hanging gardens Posy Lake Wetlands, Ponds, Reservoirs Springs, Seeps Rivers, Streams Tinajas Number of samples Total OTU taxa richness Total invertebrate genera Total insect genera Coleoptera genera Diptera (non-midge) genera Ephemeroptera genera Hemiptera genera Megaloptera genera a 0 Odonata genera Plecoptera genera Trichoptera genera Crustacea genera Mollusca genera a Adult collected on Lake Powell, larvae collected near San Juan arm of Lake Powell.

13 Some notable taxa that have been collected include a blind subterranean amphipod (Figure 6) from a spring near Alvey Wash and several species of Notonecta from throughout the Monument. The amphipod belongs to the Stygobromus hubbsi group, and is likely a new undescribed species. Several interesting fairy shrimp were collected and are currently being identified by Dr. Tim Graham. A list of all taxa collected and identified to date are shown in Table 3. Figure 6. The blind subterranean amphipod, Stygobromus. Plans for 2001 Our plans for 2001 include sampling in the spring, summer, and fall at our long-term sampling sites. We plan to locate and sample more tinajas and we want to do more exploration in the southwestern part of the monument than we have in previous years. We will be deploying additional thermographs so that we can begin to investigate how temperature may be influencing invertebrate assemblages and how geomorphic features and past vegetation management activities influence water temperature. 10

14 11 Table 3. Aquatic organisms identified from all samples collected through January The numbers refer to the number identified and in our collection. All identifications should be considered provisional until verified. Annelida Hirudinea 14 Oligochaeta 541 Haplotaxida Tubificidae 16 Lumbriculida Lumbriculidae 8 Arthropoda Arachnida Trombidiformes 220 Crustacea 181 Amphipoda 2 Crangonyctidae Stygobromus hubbsi group 1 Gammaridae Gammarus lacustris 4 Hyalellidae Hyallela azteca 380 Anostraca Branchinectidae Branchinecta packardi 17 Calanoida 4 Diaptomidae Diaptomus 49 Temoridae Epischura nevadensis 2 Cladocera 139 Bosminidae Bosmina longirostris 9 Daphnidae 90 Daphnia 107 Daphnia pulex 71 Daphnia rosea 258 Daphniidae Ceriodaphnia 1 Ceriodaphnia laticaudata 8 Ceriodaphnia quadrangula 285 Copepoda 119 Cyclopoida 1297 Decapoda 5 Cambaridae Orconectes virillis 3 Isopoda 1 Notostraca Triopsidae Triops longicaudatus 3 Entognatha Collembola 8 Insecta Coleoptera 4 Amphizoidae Amphizoa 1 Curculionidae 1 Dryopidae Helichus 127 Dytiscidae 49 Agabus 166 Coptotomus 3 Deronectes 70 Eretes sticticus 1 Hydroporous 1 Hygrotus 6 Laccophilus 8 Neoclypeodytes 10 Oreodytes 31 Rhantus 92 Thermonectus mormoratus 11 Elmidae 569 Cleptelmis 1 Heterelmis 6 Heterlimnius 253 Microcylloepus 116 Microcylloepus pusillus 16 Narpus 23 Optioservus 701 Ordobrevia 8 Stenelmis 1 Zaitzevia 88 Gyrinidae Gyrinus 57 Haliplidae Haliplus 1 Peltodytes 18 Helophoridae Helophorus 10 Hydraenidae Hydraena 2 Ochthebius 5 Hydrophilidae 26 Ametor 1 Berosus 22 Hydrobius 3 Hydrochara 1 Lacobius 9 Paracymus 11 Tropisternus 9 Lampyridae 1 Scirtidae Elodes 15 Staphylinidae 1 Diptera 56 Athericidae Atherix 31 Ceratopogonidae 28 Atrichopogon 4 Bezzia 26 Culicoides 17 Dasyhelea 269 Probezzia 257 Chironomidae 680 Chironominae 3755 Orthocladiinae 6617 Tanypodinae 742 Culicidae 16 Culiseta 164 Dixidae Dixa 19 Dixella 9 Dolichopodidae 7 Empididae 21 Chelifera 63 Clinocera 2 Hemerodromia 16 Ephydridae 7 Muscidae 77 Limnophora 8 Psychodidae Maruina 3 Pericoma 41 Simuliidae 47 Prosimulium 24 Simulium 3529 Stratiomyidae 21 Caloparyphus 50 Euparyphus 5 Myxosargus 4 Nemotelus 1 Stratiomys 4 Tabanidae 8 Chrysops 1 Tabanus 17 Tipulidae 6 Antocha 69 Dicranota 85 Erioptera 1 Hesperoconopa 8 Hexatoma 66 Limonia 25 Tipula 189 Ephemeroptera 18 Ameletidae Ameletus 23 Baetidae 99 Baetis 3852 Baetis bicaudatus 30 Baetis tricaudatus 6161 Callibaetis 188 Paracloeodes 1 Caenidae

15 Caenis 1 Ephemerellidae 147 Drunella coloradensis 14 Drunella doddsi 63 Drunella grandis 255 Ephemerella 116 Ephemerella inermis 422 Heptageniidae 229 Cinygmula 280 Epeorus 349 Heptagenia 25 Nixe 10 Rhithrogena 162 Leptophlebiidae Paraleptophlebia 8 Tricorythidae Tricorythodes 414 Hemiptera 17 Belostomatidae Lethocerus 4 Corixidae 48 Corisella 4 Neocorixa 21 Gelastocoridae Gelastocoris oculatus 1 Gerridae 52 Aquarius 33 Gerris 14 Naucoridae 7 Ambrysus 60 Ambrysus mormona 19 Notonectidae 39 Notonecta 93 Notonecta kirbyi 37 Notonecta lobata 2 Notonecta undulata 3 Veliidae 6 Microvelia 1 Rhagovelia 6 Lepidoptera 1 Pyralidae Petrophila 29 Megaloptera Corydalidae Corydalus cognatus 1 Odonata 26 Aeshnidae 1 Aeshna 1 Aeshna umbrosa 67 Anax walsinghami 1 Calopterygidae Hetaerina 4 Hetaerina americana 3 Coenagrionidae 22 Argia 123 Argia plana 1 Argia vivida 36 Coenagrion 81 Enallagma 30 Enallagma cyathigerum 9 Ischnura 10 Telebasis salva 3 Cordulegastridae Cordulegaster diadema 4 Cordulegaster dorsalis 5 Gomphidae 7 Erpetogomphus 2 Erpetogomphus compositas 2 Gomphus 1 Ophiogomphus 1 Ophiogomphus severus 11 Lestidae Archilestes 5 Archilestes grandis 19 Lestes 1 Libellulidae 6 Libellula 18 Libellula saturata 17 Paltothemis lineatipes 1 Pantala flavescens 1 Tramea 3 Plecoptera 112 Capniidae 25 Utacapnia 69 Chloroperlidae 126 Suwallia 8 Sweltsa 124 Leuctridae 5 Nemouridae 214 Malenka 80 Prostoia 43 Zapada 33 Perlidae Hesperoperla pacifica 21 Perlodidae 48 Isogenoides 56 Isogenoides zionensis 8 Isoperla 96 Isoperla longiseta 113 Megarcys 3 Megarcys signata 2 Skwala 47 Pteronarcyidae 17 Pteronarcella badia 112 Taeniopterygidae 9 Taenionema 108 Trichoptera 78 Brachycentridae 45 Brachycentrus 311 Brachycentrus americanus 58 Brachycentrus occidentalis 8 Micrasema 587 Glossosomatidae 1 Glossosoma 1 Helicopsychidae 8 Helicopsyche 165 Helicopsyche borealis 9 Hydropsychidae 90 Arctopsyche 2 Hydropsyche 1735 Parapsyche 23 Smicridea 1 Hydroptilidae 115 Hydroptila 20 Leucotrichia 7 Neotrichia 1 Ochrotrichia 1 Lepidostomatidae Lepidostoma 72 Lepidostoma neodinarthrum 3 Leptoceridae 6 Oecetis 4 Triaenodes 2 Ylodes 2 Limnephilidae 18 Amphicosmoecus canax 1 Dicosmoecus 1 Hesperophylax 115 Limnephilus 77 Onocosmoecus 1 Philopotamidae 15 Chimarra 62 Dolophilodes 2 Wormaldia 14 Phryganeidae Agrypnia 1 Psychomyiidae 1 Tinodes 82 Rhyacophilidae 2 Rhyacophila 129 Sericostomatidae Gumaga 9 Uenoidae Neophylax 13 Neothremma 6 Oligophlebodes 97 Ostracoda Podocopida 237 Candoniidae Candona 1 Mollusca Gastropoda 2 Basommatophora Ancylidae Ferrissia 1 Lymnaeidae 22 Fossaria 5 Radix 6 Stagnicola 2 Physidae Physella 130 Planorbidae 12 Gyraulus 5 Pelecypoda Veneroidea Sphaeriidae Pisidium 49 12

16 13 Nematoda 38 Nematomorpha 17 Platyhelminthes Turbellaria 28 Vertebrata Amphibia Anura 11 Bufonidae Bufo 3 Bufo woodhousei 8 Pelobatidae Spea intermontana 70 Osteichthyes 2 Cypriniformes Cyprinidae 9 Literature Cited Cuffney, T.F., Gurtz, M.E. and Meador, M.R Methods for collecting benthic invertebrate samples as part of the National Water-Quality Assessment Program: United States Geological Survey Open-File Report Vinson, M.R. and C.P. Hawkins Effects of sampling area and subsampling procedures on comparisons of taxa richness among streams. Journal of the North American Benthological Society 15: Wolman, M.G A method of sampling coarse river-bed material. Transactions of the American Geophysical Union 35:

17 14 Appendix 1A. List of taxa collected in 10 samples taken in alcove pools within and adjacent to the Grand Staircase - Escalante National Monument. Annelida Oligochaeta Haplotaxida Tubificidae Arthropoda Arachnida Trombidiformes Crustacea Amphipoda Hyalellidae Hyallela azteca Decapoda Insecta Coleoptera Dytiscidae Agabus Deronectes Laccophilus Rhantus Thermonectus mormoratus Gyrinidae Gyrinus Haliplidae Haliplus Peltodytes Hydraenidae Hydraena Hydrophilidae Berosus Lacobius Paracymus Scirtidae Elodes Diptera Ceratopogonidae Probezzia Chironomidae Chironominae Orthocladiinae Tanypodinae Culicidae Dixidae Dixella Simuliidae Simulium Tabanidae Chrysops Tipulidae Limonia Ephemeroptera Baetidae Baetis Baetis tricaudatus Callibaetis Hemiptera Belostomatidae Lethocerus Corixidae Neocorixa Gerridae Aquarius Notonectidae Notonecta Notonecta kirbyi Notonecta lobata Odonata Aeshnidae Aeshna umbrosa Coenagrionidae Argia Coenagrion Enallagma Gomphidae Lestidae Archilestes grandis Libellulidae Libellula Libellula saturata Trichoptera Hydroptilidae Ochrotrichia Ostracoda Podocopida Candoniidae Candona Mollusca Gastropoda Basommatophora Physidae Physella Pelecypoda Veneroidea Sphaeriidae Pisidium Platyhelminthes Turbellaria

18 15 Appendix 1B. List of taxa collected in a single sample taken in a hanging garden adjacent to the Grand Staircase - Escalante National Monument near Lake Powell. Arthropoda Insecta Coleoptera Dytiscidae Agabus Elmidae Zaitzevia Hydraenidae Hydraena Hydrophilidae Scirtidae Elodes Staphylinidae Diptera Chironomidae Chironominae Dixidae Dixella Stratiomyidae Caloparyphus Ephemeroptera Baetidae Baetis Hemiptera Gerridae Aquarius

19 16 Appendix 1C. List of benthic taxa and zooplankton collected 13 June 1999 in Posy Lake within the Dixie National Forest updrainage from the Grand Staircase - Escalante National Monument. Annelida Oligochaeta Arthropoda Crustacea Amphipoda Gammaridae Gammarus lacustris Hyalellidae Hyallela azteca Calanoida Temoridae Epischura nevadensis Cladocera Daphnidae Daphnia rosea Daphniidae Ceriodaphnia laticaudata Ceriodaphnia quadrangula Cyclopoida Insecta Diptera Ceratopogonidae Bezzia Chironomidae Chironominae Tanypodinae Hemiptera Corixidae Corisella Odonata Aeshnidae Aeshna umbrosa Coenagrionidae Telebasis salva Trichoptera Limnephilidae Limnephilus Ostracoda Podocopida Mollusca Pelecypoda Veneroidea Sphaeriidae Pisidium

20 Appendix 1D. List of taxa collected in 10 samples taken in ponds, wetlands, and reservoirs within and adjacent to the Grand Staircase - Escalante National Monument. 17 Annelida Oligochaeta Arthropoda Crustacea Amphipoda Hyalellidae Hyallela azteca Cladocera Daphnidae Daphnia Daphnia rosea Cyclopoida Insecta Coleoptera Amphizoidae Amphizoa Dytiscidae Agabus Deronectes Hygrotus Oreodytes Haliplidae Peltodytes Helophoridae Helophorus Hydrophilidae Paracymus Diptera Ceratopogonidae Bezzia Probezzia Chironomidae Chironominae Orthocladiinae Tanypodinae Muscidae Simuliidae Simulium Stratiomyidae Myxosargus Ephemeroptera Baetidae Baetis Baetis bicaudatus Baetis tricaudatus Callibaetis Hemiptera Corixidae Corisella Neocorixa Gerridae Notonectidae Notonecta Odonata Coenagrionidae Enallagma cyathigerum Lestidae Archilestes grandis Libellulidae Libellula Trichoptera Hydropsychidae Hydropsyche Hydroptilidae Hydroptila Phryganeidae Agrypnia Ostracoda Podocopida Mollusca Gastropoda Basommatophora Lymnaeidae Radix Stagnicola Physidae Physella Planorbidae Gyraulus Pelecypoda Veneroidea Sphaeriidae Pisidium Nematoda Vertebrata Amphibia Anura Pelobatidae Spea intermontana

21 Appendix 1E. List of taxa collected in 13 samples taken in springs and seeps within and adjacent to the Grand Staircase - Escalante National Monument. 18 Annelida Oligochaeta Arthropoda Arachnida Trombidiformes Crustacea Amphipoda Hyalellidae Hyallela azteca Decapoda Insecta Coleoptera Dytiscidae Agabus Deronectes Laccophilus Oreodytes Rhantus Elmidae Microcylloepus Hydrophilidae Berosus Lacobius Paracymus Tropisternus Diptera Ceratopogonidae Probezzia Chironomidae Chironominae Orthocladiinae Tanypodinae Culicidae Culiseta Dixidae Dixella Empididae Clinocera Simuliidae Simulium Stratiomyidae Stratiomys Tabanidae Tabanus Tipulidae Hexatoma Limonia Tipula Ephemeroptera Baetidae Baetis Baetis tricaudatus Callibaetis Hemiptera Corixidae Gelastocoridae Gelastocoris oculatus Gerridae Aquarius Gerris Notonectidae Notonecta kirbyi Veliidae Lepidoptera Pyralidae Petrophila Odonata Coenagrionidae Argia Argia vivida Lestidae Archilestes grandis Trichoptera Helicopsychidae Helicopsyche Limnephilidae Limnephilus Philopotamidae Chimarra Psychomyiidae Tinodes Sericostomatidae Gumaga Ostracoda Podocopida Mollusca Gastropoda Basommatophora Lymnaeidae Physidae Physella Nematoda Terrestrial - bug Vertebrata Amphibia Anura Pelobatidae Spea intermontana Osteichthyes Cypriniformes Cyprinidae

22 19 Appendix 1F. List of taxa collected in 257 samples taken in rivers and streams within and adjacent to the Grand Staircase - Escalante National Monument. Annelida Hirudinea Oligochaeta Haplotaxida Tubificidae Lumbriculida Lumbriculidae Arthropoda Arachnida Trombidiformes Crustacea Amphipoda Crangonyctidae Stygobromus hubbsi group Gammaridae Gammarus lacustris Hyalellidae Hyallela azteca Decapoda Cambaridae Orconectes virillis Isopoda Entognatha Collembola Insecta Coleoptera Curculionidae Dryopidae Helichus Dytiscidae Agabus Deronectes Eretes sticticus Hydroporous Laccophilus Oreodytes Rhantus Thermonectus mormoratus Elmidae Cleptelmis Heterelmis Heterlimnius Microcylloepus Microcylloepus pusillus Narpus Optioservus Ordobrevia Stenelmis Zaitzevia Gyrinidae Gyrinus Haliplidae Peltodytes Helophoridae Helophorus Hydraenidae Ochthebius Hydrophilidae Ametor Berosus Hydrobius Hydrochara Lacobius Paracymus Tropisternus Lampyridae Scirtidae Elodes Diptera Athericidae Atherix Ceratopogonidae Atrichopogon Culicoides Dasyhelea Probezzia Chironomidae Chironominae Orthocladiinae Tanypodinae Culicidae Culiseta Dixidae Dixa Dixella Dolichopodidae Empididae Chelifera Clinocera Hemerodromia Ephydridae Muscidae Limnophora Psychodidae Maruina Pericoma Simuliidae Prosimulium Simulium Stratiomyidae Caloparyphus Euparyphus Myxosargus Nemotelus Stratiomys Tabanidae Tabanus Tipulidae Antocha Dicranota Erioptera Hesperoconopa Hexatoma Limonia Tipula Ephemeroptera Ameletidae Ameletus Baetidae Baetis Baetis bicaudatus Baetis tricaudatus Callibaetis Paracloeodes Caenidae Caenis Ephemerellidae Drunella coloradensis Drunella doddsi Drunella grandis Ephemerella Ephemerella inermis Heptageniidae Cinygmula Epeorus Heptagenia Nixe Rhithrogena Leptophlebiidae Paraleptophlebia Tricorythidae Tricorythodes Hemiptera Belostomatidae Lethocerus Corixidae Neocorixa Gerridae Aquarius Gerris

23 Naucoridae Ambrysus Ambrysus mormona Notonectidae Notonecta Notonecta kirbyi Notonecta undulata Veliidae Microvelia Rhagovelia Lepidoptera Pyralidae Petrophila Megaloptera Corydalidae Corydalus cognatus Odonata Aeshnidae Aeshna Aeshna umbrosa Anax walsinghami Calopterygidae Hetaerina Hetaerina americana Coenagrionidae Argia Argia plana Argia vivida Coenagrion Enallagma Ischnura Cordulegastridae Cordulegaster diadema Cordulegaster dorsalis Gomphidae Erpetogomphus Erpetogomphus compositas Gomphus Ophiogomphus Ophiogomphus severus Lestidae Archilestes Archilestes grandis Libellulidae Libellula Paltothemis lineatipes Pantala flavescens Tramea Plecoptera Capniidae Utacapnia Chloroperlidae Suwallia Sweltsa Leuctridae Nemouridae Malenka Prostoia Zapada Perlidae Hesperoperla pacifica Perlodidae Isogenoides Isogenoides zionensis Isoperla Isoperla longiseta Megarcys Megarcys signata Skwala Pteronarcyidae Pteronarcella badia Taeniopterygidae Taenionema Trichoptera Brachycentridae Brachycentrus Brachycentrus americanus Brachycentrus occidentalis Micrasema Glossosomatidae Glossosoma Helicopsychidae Helicopsyche Helicopsyche borealis Hydropsychidae Arctopsyche Hydropsyche Parapsyche Smicridea Hydroptilidae Hydroptila Leucotrichia Neotrichia Lepidostomatidae Lepidostoma Lepidostoma neodinarthrum Leptoceridae Oecetis Triaenodes Ylodes Limnephilidae Amphicosmoecus canax Dicosmoecus Hesperophylax Limnephilus Onocosmoecus Philopotamidae Chimarra Dolophilodes Wormaldia Psychomyiidae Tinodes Rhyacophilidae Rhyacophila Sericostomatidae Gumaga Uenoidae Neophylax Neothremma Oligophlebodes Ostracoda Podocopida Mollusca Gastropoda Basommatophora Ancylidae Ferrissia Lymnaeidae Fossaria Radix Physidae Physella Planorbidae Gyraulus Pelecypoda Veneroidea Sphaeriidae Pisidium Nematoda Nematomorpha Platyhelminthes Turbellaria Terrestrial - bug Vertebrata Amphibia Anura Bufonidae Bufo Pelobatidae Spea intermontana 20

24 21 Appendix 1G. List of taxa collected in 52 samples taken in tinajas (rock pools) within and adjacent to the Grand Staircase - Escalante National Monument. Annelida Hirudinea Oligochaeta Arthropoda Arachnida Trombidiformes Crustacea Anostraca Branchinectidae Branchinecta packardi Calanoida Diaptomidae Diaptomus Cladocera Bosminidae Bosmina longirostris Daphnidae Daphnia Daphnia pulex Daphniidae Ceriodaphnia Ceriodaphnia quadrangula Copepoda Cyclopoida Notostraca Triopsidae Triops longicaudatus Insecta Coleoptera Dytiscidae Agabus Coptotomus Deronectes Laccophilus Neoclypeodytes Oreodytes Rhantus Elmidae Microcylloepus pusillus Gyrinidae Gyrinus Helophoridae Helophorus Hydrophilidae Berosus Tropisternus Diptera Ceratopogonidae Bezzia Culicoides Dasyhelea Probezzia Chironomidae Chironominae Orthocladiinae Tanypodinae Culicidae Culiseta Ephydridae Simuliidae Simulium Tabanidae Tipulidae Dicranota Tipula Ephemeroptera Baetidae Baetis tricaudatus Callibaetis Heptageniidae Hemiptera Corixidae Corisella Neocorixa Gerridae Aquarius Gerris Naucoridae Ambrysus mormona Notonectidae Notonecta Notonecta kirbyi Veliidae Lepidoptera Odonata Aeshnidae Aeshna umbrosa Coenagrionidae Enallagma Lestidae Archilestes Archilestes grandis Lestes Libellulidae Libellula saturata Trichoptera Brachycentridae Brachycentrus Micrasema Helicopsychidae Helicopsyche borealis Hydropsychidae Hydropsyche Limnephilidae Limnephilus Ostracoda Podocopida Mollusca Gastropoda Basommatophora Physidae Physella Nematoda Nematomorpha Terrestrial - bug Vertebrata Amphibia Anura Bufonidae Bufo woodhousei Pelobatidae Spea intermontana

25 22 Appendix 2. Aquatic invertebrate sampling locations. Station notations with BLMand NPS designations were sites sampled by BLM personnel in Escalante and National Park Service personnel from the Glen Canyon National Recreation Area. These samples were processed by the BugLab, Logan, Utah. Station Location Latitude Longitude Elevation (m) ES-001 Escalante River near Escalante Cemetery trailhead ES-002 Tinaja, down drainage from HWY 12 below overlook ES-003 Vinson Creek, trib to Deer Creek, off Burr Trail ES-004 Deer Creek, downstream from campground ES-005 Steep Creek at mouth ES-006 Gulch Creek upstream from Burr Trail bridge ES-007 Calf Creek, just downstream from upper falls ES-008 Tinaja, near Phipp's pictographs ES-009 Calf Creek, at mouth ES-010 Deer Creek, below tributary ES ES-011 Tinaja near Deer Creek ES-012 Tinaja between Hwy 12 and Boulder Creek ES-013 Tinaja between Hwy 12 and Boulder Creek ES-014 Tinaja between Hwy 12 and Boulder Creek ES-015 Boulder Creek, off Hwy 12 near Calf Creek CG ES-016 Little Death Hollow Creek midway down ES-017 Tinaja near Highway 12, down drainage from ES ES-018 Tinaja near Highway 12, down drainage from ES ES-019 Alcove pool downstream from upper Calf Creek Falls ES-020 Tenmile Creek ES-021 Alvey's Wash Creek ES-022 Upper Alvey Wash Creek ES-023 North Creek ES-024 Birch Creek ES-025 Escalante River at Birch Creek and North Creek ES-026 No-name Reservoir off Pine Creek Road ES-027 Pine Creek below lower box trailhead ES-028 Upper Valley Creek, west of Escalante ES-029 Harris Wash Creek near trailhead ES-030 Un-Named Creek between Sand and Mamie Creeks ES-031 Mamie Creek at mouth ES-032 Escalante River upstream from Mamie Creek ES-033 Tinaja near Escalante River, between Mamie & Sand ES-034 Sand Creek at mouth ES-035 Spring near Sand Creek ES-036 Lake Creek ES-037 Tinaja upstream from upper Calf Creek Falls ES-038 Calf Creek at source ES-039 Calf Creek above upper falls ES-040 Tinaja south of Deer Creek, west of The Gulch ES-041 Tinaja south of Deer Creek, west of The Gulch ES-044 Coyote Gulch downstream from Hamblin Arch ES-045 Seep in Coyote Gulch ES-046 Coyote Gulch at mouth

26 ES-047 Harris Wash, 0.5 near NRA boundary ES-048 Harris Wash - Upper ES-049 The Gulch at mouth ES-050 Escalante River upstream from Harris Wash ES-051 Harris Wash at mouth ES-052 Escalante River at bridge north of Escalante town ES-053 Pleasant Creek at Pleasant Creek campground ES-054 Wetland off Burr Trail, trib to Vinson Creek ES-055 Tinaja West of MeGath Point ES-056 Tinaja below Early Weed Bench ES-057 Tinaja East of Haymaker Bench ES-060 Cat Well ES-061 Orins Well ES-062 Tinaja at Dance Hall Rock ES-063 Ampitheater Tinaja at Dance Hall Rock ES-064 Seep to Forty Mile Creek ES-065 Hidden Falls Pool in Forty Mile Creek ES-066 Spring off Forty Mile Creek ES-067 Forty Mile Creek ES-068 Seep at Fifty Mile Creek, 4 mi. from Cave Pt. TH ES-069 Fifty Mile Creek ES-070 North Creek, upstream from reservior ES-071 Lost Creek, east of Twin Lakes ES-072 Posy Lake ES-073 Hungry Creek, 1 mile SE of Posy Lake ES-074 Deep Creek, 2 miles E of Posy Lake ES-075 Blue Spring Creek at Hell's Backbone Road ES-076 Grimes Creek near Hell's Backbone Road ES-077 Death Hollow Seep, upstream from Mail Trail ES-078 Death Hollow Creek at Boulder Mail Trail ES-079 Tinaja between Sand Creek and Death Hollow ES-080 Sand Creek upstream from Boulder Mail Trail ES-081 Lake Creek at confluence with Sand Creek ES-082 Sand Creek at Lake Creek confluence ES-083 Tinaja near Sand Creek mouth ES-084 Reservoir off Burr Trail ES-085 Reservoir 2 off Burr Trail Rd ES-086 Frisky Creek near source ES-087 Upper Steep Creek ES-088 Lower Steep Creek ES-089 Water Canyon Creek ES-090 Water Canyon Creek upstream from The Gulch ES-091 Large pond off Burr trail ES-092 Small pond off Burr trail ES-093 Sheep Creek upstream from spillway ES-094 Yellow Creek upstream from old homestead ES-095 Paria River upstream from Cannonville Bridge ES-096 Pine Creek near upper trailhead ES-097 Pine Creek between upper and lower trailheads ES-098 Hungry Creek upstream from Pine Creek ES-099 Pine Creek at Lower Box Trailhead ES-100 Ribbon Canyon Alcove ES-101 Ribbon Canyon Hanging Garden

27 ES-102 Ribbon Canyon Alcove ES-103 Bown's Canyon Alcove Pool ES-104 Bown's Canyon lower ES-105 Bown's Canyon upper ES-106 Iceberg Canyon Alcove ES-107 Iceberg Canyon Creek ES-108 Iceberg Canyon Creek, pool at head of left fork ES-109 Cottonwood Canyon Alcove ES-110 Cottonwood Canyon Seep ES-111 Death Hollow Creek, 2 mi upstream Escalante River ES-112 Death Hollow Creek, at mouth ES-113 Calf Creek, downstream from bridge, near HWY ES-114 Calf Creek, downstream from Lower Falls ES-115 Alcove pool near Upper Calf Creek Falls ES-116 Tinaja upstream from Upper Calf Creek Falls ES-117 Escalante River at confluence with Coyote Gulch ES-118 Lake Powell, Red Canyon ES-119 Escalante River above Sand Crk ES-120 Escalante River at Hwy 12 Bridge ES-121 Boulder Creek at Hwy ES-122 Tinaja off trail to Upper Calf Creek Falls ES-123 Calf Creek, big pool upstream Up Calf Creek Falls ES-124 Willis Creek above Skutumpah Road ES-126 Sheep Creek below spillway ES-127 Tinaja A, between HWY 12 and Boulder Creek ES-128 Tinaja B, between HWY 12 and Boulder Creek ES-129 Tinaja C, between HWY 12 and Boulder Creek ES-129B Tinaja D, between HWY 12 and Boulder Creek ES-130 Boulder Creek, near Calf Creek Campground ES-131 Tinaja E, between HWY 12 and Boulder Creek ES-132 Tinaja off Hwy 12 between miles 71 & 72, west side ES-133 Tinaja, updrainage of HWY 12, near mile ES-135 Escalante River at Boulder Creek confluence ES-136 Boulder Creek at confluence with Escalante River ES-BLM-001 Drip Tank Creek 1512 ES-BLM-002 Chimney Rock Creek ES-BLM-003 Brown Spring 1890 ES-BLM-004 Cottonwood Creek 1585 ES-BLM-005 Three Mile Creek 2164 ES-NPS-001 Escalante River ES-NPS-002 Escalante River ES-NPS-SJ1 San Juan River ES-NPS-SJ2 San Juan River ES-NPS-SJ3 San Juan River ES-NPS-SJ4 San Juan River