Auranga Stage B1: archaeological assessment

Transcription

1 Auranga Stage B1: archaeological assessment report to Karaka and Drury Ltd Arden Cruickshank, Jacqueline Craig and Danielle Trilford CFG Heritage Ltd. P.O. Box Dominion Road Auckland 1024 ph. (09)

2 Auranga Stage B1: archaeological assessment report to Karaka and Drury Ltd Prepared by: Arden Cruickshank Reviewed by: Date: 2 March 2016 Matthew Campbell Reference: CFG Heritage Ltd CFG Heritage Ltd. P.O. Box Dominion Road Auckland 1024 ph. (09) arden.c@cfgheritage.com

3 Auranga Stage B1: archaeological assessment Karaka and Drury Ltd are seeking a private plan change for 21 properties in Drury, South Auckland, referred to as Auranga Stage B1 (DP , DP , DP , DP , DP , DP 89570, DP , DP , DP 12364, DP , DP , DP , DP , DP , DP , DP , DP , DP , DP , DP and DP ). Also included in this report are the road reserves and the Esplanade Reserve (consisting of Lot 3 DP , Lot 4 DP and Lot 9 DP ), although these are not subject to the plan change application. An archaeological assessment is required in support of the plan change. Mark Tollemache, on behalf of Karaka and Drury Ltd, commissioned this assessment from CFG Heritage Ltd. Statutory Requirements All archaeological sites are protected by the provisions of the Heritage New Zealand Pouhere Taonga Act 2014 and may not be destroyed, damaged or modified without an authority issued by Heritage New Zealand Pouhere Taonga (HNZPT). An archaeological site is defined in the Heritage New Zealand Pouhere Taonga Act as: R12/1067 Auranga B1 Figure 1. The location of Auranga B1, showing archaeological sites recorded in the vicinity.

4 (a) any place in New Zealand, including any building or structure (or part of a building or structure), that (i) was associated with human activity that occurred before 1900 or is the site of the wreck of any vessel where the wreck occurred before 1900; and (ii) provides or may provide, through investigation by archaeological methods, evidence relating to the history of New Zealand; and (b) includes a site for which a declaration is made under section 43(1). The Resource Management Act 1991 requires City, District and Regional Councils to manage the use, development, and protection of natural and physical resources in a way that provides for the wellbeing of today s communities while safeguarding the options of future generations. The protection of historic heritage from inappropriate subdivision, use, and development is identified as a matter of national importance (Section 6f). Historic heritage is defined as those natural and physical resources that contribute to an understanding and appreciation of New Zealand s history and cultures, derived from archaeological, architectural, cultural, historic, scientific, or technological qualities. Historic heritage includes: historic sites, structures, places, and areas archaeological sites; sites of significance to Maori, including wahi tapu; R12/1067 N 0 metres 500 Auranga B1 surveyed Auranga B1 not surveyed Esplanade Reserve Auranga A surveyed 2016 Figure 2. The survey area, showing the extent of Auranga B1, the lots surveyed and lots previously surveyed, (Auranga A and Drury 1 Precinct). 2 Auranga B1

5 surroundings associated with the natural and physical resources (RMA Section 2). These categories are not mutually exclusive and some archaeological sites may include above ground structures or may also be places that are of significance to Maori. Where resource consent is required for any activity the assessment of effects is required to address cultural and historic heritage matters. Limitations Permission from current landowners and occupiers was only given to only 10 of the 21 lots in Auranga B1 (DP , DP , DP , DP , DP , DP 89570, DP , DP , DP and DP ). Historic background research was carried out for all lots in B1. The assessment of the properties not surveyed was undertaken through a desktop assessment. Mark Tollemache has advised has advised that this is acceptable in respect of the AUP structure plan requirements in Appendix 1. For the forthcoming Whenuapai plan change Council have accepted a Preliminary Historic Heritage Assessment carried out by Clough and Associates, June 2016, which is based largely on a desktop study and did not involve any fieldwork, except for a visit to locate (where possible) buildings recorded in the CHI. Methodology The New Zealand Archaeological Association (NZAA) Site Recording Scheme (SRS) was searched for records of archaeological sites in the vicinity, which were incorporated into the project GIS. The Heritage New Zealand Pouhere Taonga digital library was searched for archaeological reports written about the area. Old maps and plans held by Land Information New Zealand (LINZ) and in other online archives were searched. Historic aerial photography was accessed through Retrolens ( and some photography was generously supplied by Land Information New Zealand (LINZ). The Auckland Public Library and Auckland Research Centre was consulted for written records. Old newspaper articles were accessed through the Papers Past online database ( The Auckland Council digital library and the National Library of New Zealand were searched for relevant images and maps. The Auckland Council Cultural Heritage Inventory (CHI) was accessed for information on historic structures within the area. Geological maps of the area were accessed through GNS Science ( Records held by the Papakura District Historical Society (PDHS) and the Karaka Historical Society (KHS) were searched for area specific information. The 10 lots were surveyed on foot, along with the esplanade reserve, which was accessed from 415 Bremner Road. Due to the large scale of the survey area (approximately 47 hectares) and the relatively flat landscape of many of the lots, a targeted survey methodology was implemented. This methodology involved focussing on areas where creek lines, erosion, fence lines, animal damage and tree throw have exposed the soil in which evidence of previous modification of the landscape may be evident. No invasive methods such as test pitting were employed. Field assessment was undertaken by Arden Cruickshank and Danielle Trilford of CFG Heritage Ltd on 2, 3 and 20 February Arden Cruickshank, Jacqueline Craig and Danielle Trilford 3 CFG Heritage Ltd.

6 Landscape The Manukau Harbour is New Zealand s second largest harbour, with an area of about 365 km 2 and a shore length of approximately 460 km. It was formed by the development a Quaternary dune barrier (Awhitu Peninsula) that enclosed a large bay between Port Waikato and the Waitakere Ranges (Kelly 2008:3). The study area lies within the Manukau Lowlands, an area of relatively flat land which is situated along the southern edge of the harbour. The study area is located between the Ngakaroa Stream and Oira Creek, which flow out to the Pahurehure Inlet through the Drury Creek. The geology of the survey area is dominated by late Pliocene and early Pleistocene non-marine sediments belonging to the Puketoka formation of the Tauranga group (Edbroooke, 2001: 47). The top layers of soil are dominated by two soil types, with moderately well drained allophanic orthic granular soils around Burberry and Jesmond Roads, and gley soils closer to the coast and into Runciman. The gley soils are generally have poor quality drainage, and many have only been able to be used for agricultural grazing once large scale drainage systems were able to be installed. The gley soils would be less than ideal for pre-european Maori horticulture. Historic background Pre-European land use and settlement The pre-european Maori settlement of Drury has been discussed in previous reports in the area (Murdoch 1990; Harlow et al. 2007; Te Roopu Kaitiaki o Papakura 2010, Cruickshank et al. 2016), which have all discussed similar settlement patterns in the area. The foothills of the Hunua Ranges were used for extensive cultivation areas and settlement, including the settlement at Opaheke. The poorly drained areas of the lowlands would not have been attractive for settlement, but would have been exploited for their birds and other wetland resources (Te Roopu Kaitiaki o Papakura 2010: 7; Tatton 2001: 45). As well as the importance of these resources, the area was significant to Maori as a link between the Auckland Isthmus, the Waikato and the Hauraki Gulf. A significant pa at Maketu overlooked the Ararimu Track, the inland route to the Waikato (Clarke 1983) and the Hauraki Gulf was accessed via an overland route through to present day Clevedon (Tatton 2001). 19th century history Missionaries had been travelling and staying with local Maori at Opaheke since 1834, and the strategic location of the town was not lost on the government. In 1842 the New Zealand Government purchased land referred to as the Papakura Block from Te Akitai and Ngai Tai. This land block had very vague boundaries but stretched from present day Papatoetoe to just south of Papakura (Harlow et al. 2007; Murdoch 1990). Drury Drury came to prominence during the New Zealand Wars when it was established as a military garrison. The access to the Manukau Harbour through the Pahurehure inlet and its location on the Great South Road meant the town served as a supply base and staging post for the Waikato Wars. The military used the Pahurehure Inlet for access to Drury. Drury also hosted a commissariat redoubt (R12/756) and military redoubt (R12/123) across the creek to the east of the 4 Auranga B1

7 Figure 3. Detail of Scenes of Engagement in the South Auckland District, 1863 (Alexander Turnbull Library, 1/ F) [NZ MAP 52] Bremner Road SHA. The water access at Drury made it easy to get supplies from Onehunga, as these did not need to travel down the Great South Road. Drury also hosted a headquarters for General Cameron s 65th Regiment Camp (R12/755). Historic settlement and land ownership Auranga B1 is located in Lot 36, which was originally granted to Dr Andrew Sinclair in April 1854 (Auckland Deed Book A3 553). He owned two other Opaheke lots, 55 and 56 as well as numerous other Crown Grants within Auckland, Takapuna, Onehunga, East Tamaki, Pukekohe, Waiuku and Waiheki [sic]. Sinclair was New Zealand Colonial Secretary from 1844 to 1856 and is credited for the development of the civil service. He was an avid natural historian and while on a collecting trip in Canterbury with Julius Haast in 1861 was drowned crossing the Rangitata River. Given his business and social interests lay in Auckland it is highly unlikely he ever lived on Lot 36. In 1855 he subdivided the Lot into three portions of which two (northeast and southeast) were sold to Thomas Runciman in After Sinclair s death in 1860 the western section of the Lot was sold by the executors to Grahame on 12 December Area B1 is located predominantly in the western and south-eastern portions and a very small corner of the northeast portion (see Figure 3). Arden Cruickshank, Jacqueline Craig and Danielle Trilford 5 CFG Heritage Ltd.

8 Figure 4. Crown Grants to Dr Sinclair in the Auckland area from Crown Grants, Alphabetical Registers, Archives NZ. north east N west 0 metres 500 south east Auranga B1 Lot 36 Figure 5. Lots 36 as originally granted to Dr Sinclair and subsequent major subdivisions. 6 Auranga B1

9 Figure 6. DP 12265, Plan of Part of Allotment 36, Parish of Opaheke, dated to Arden Cruickshank, Jacqueline Craig and Danielle Trilford 7 CFG Heritage Ltd.

10 Figure 7. DP 981A, Plan of Part of Section 36, Parish of Opaheke, Drury Survey District, dated to Auranga B1

11 Figure 8. DP 11038, Plan of Part of Allot. 36, Parish of Opaheke, dated to Arden Cruickshank, Jacqueline Craig and Danielle Trilford 9 CFG Heritage Ltd.

12 Western section Nineteen days after it was sold to Grahame the section was sold to Bruce. In 1883 Bruce and others sold it to Richmond, who promptly sold it back to them on the same day. In 1892 Bruce appears to have died and the section was passed to a relative. It was then sold to John Fitzgerald in 1893 (who also owned the north-eastern section, see below). Fitzgerald took out the first mortgage on the section in 1904, and another in John Fitzgerald was born in Onehunga around 1849 and his family were some of the earliest settlers in the area. His family moved to Drury ten years later (Auckland Star, 10 May 1934: 10). In 1917 a mortgage from Mark Harbottle to Fitzgerald is shown, presumably indicating a sale to him two years before the section was moved to NA287/88 in Fitzgerald s 1934 obituary mentions he sold his large farm to a syndicate about 15 years ago (Auckland Star, 10 May 1934: 10) which would be this sale although only Harbottle is mentioned on the title. Harbottle was an Englishman who emigrated to Canterbury in 1879 and farmed there as well as being involved in flax dressing. He then moved to Morrinsville. His obituary states he acquired a farm in Drury and then retired to Papatoetoe in 1918 (Auckland Star, 26 March 1932: 7). Combined western and north eastern sections By 1917 Harbottle was the owner of both western and north eastern sections (Deed Book A3 553 and NA 254/219). In June 1918 DP was drawn up for him and shows the two subdivided sections amalgamated and re-subdivided in a different configuration. This largely corresponds with the current arrangement, although most sections have been further subdivided. Following this subdivision, the lots were slowly sold off between 1921 and Most of the sections had mortgages taken out on them immediately, some had more than one mortgage out at a time, but it is hard to determine which were to buy the land or for improvements and which were for houses. Further subdivisions of the 1918 Harbottle lots began in the late 1970s and early 80s. Although it is reasonably certain that there were houses on the other two portions of Lot 36, there is no evidence for pre-1900 buildings in Aruranga B1. None of the plans or CTs show dwellings or structures of any kind and the first mortgage recorded on the larger section (often a sign a house was built) wasn t until Fitzgerald took out one in The 1942 aerial photograph shows several houses along Bremner Road but they correspond to the sections formed in the 1918 subdivision. The houses were located on the same sites as 325, 385 and 415 Bremner Road but it appears that all the buildings have undergone significant transformations if not total replacement. North eastern section (Auranga A) A small northern portion of both 321 and 329 Bremner Road and a small SW corner of 341 Jesmond Road extend into this section (see Figure 3). There were several sales of this section after Aitken purchased it from Runciman in 1867 but by 1872 it was owned by John Fitzgerald (Auckland Deed Book 8a 710 and 13a 841, DP 981, NA254/219 and DP 10848) and then by Mark Harbottle from 1917 (NA254/219) (see Cruickshank et al further information on this section). 10 Auranga B1

13 Figure 9. Detail of 1942 aerial photograph of Area B1 and surrounding properties. South eastern section 30, 37 and 41 Burberry Road fall into this section. None are lots identified as associated with the possible location of William Bremner s house (see below). In 1885 the majority of the southeast corner of Lot 36 was owned by William Charles Lyell of Parnell, Gentleman (NA40/30 and DP 981). A small section was owned by Alfred Buckland (NA49/233) by April 1888 who sold to Lyell in May of that year. Lyell transferred the sections to James Arbuthnott Lyell, Gentleman, in It appears the Lyells were not resident on the section however, as William also appears in local government associated with Parnell (New Zealand Herald, 13 September 1888: 5) and is mentioned as living there as late as 1910 (New Zealand Herald, 6 July 1910: 5). James Lyell was a brewer living in Epsom in 1864 (New Zealander, 27 October 1864: 5). The (presumably) brothers appear to have been men of some means as they are reported as leaving for a year s tour of America and Europe in 1890 (New Zealand Herald, 14 July 1890: 4). The sections were then sold to Frederick William Duckering, an upholsterer, in Duckering took out a mortgage at the same time, presumably to fund the purchase. This mortgage was discharged within the year and another two were taken out within a month of each other in Both these were discharged in 1898 when the properties were sold. It s possible that one or both of these was used to build a house on the section as there were no buildings Arden Cruickshank, Jacqueline Craig and Danielle Trilford 11 CFG Heritage Ltd.

14 indicated on DP 981, the plan of the section dating to Duckering s main claim to fame, other than serving on Drury school and roading boards, was as one of two co-respondents in a widely reported 1899 divorce case in which it was claimed he had taken up with another man s wife in 1896 and had a child with her (New Zealand Herald, 12 December 1899: 3; Observer, 16 December 1899: 2). He was described as then a farmer at Drury and now in the employ of the Direct Supply Co. (Auckland Star, 11 December 1899: 4) which implies a house on the section by In 1898 the property was sold to William Bremner, a Papakura farmer. Bremner took out a mortgage at the same time, presumably to fund the purchase. He took out others in 1904 and He is shown as owner & occupier on DP (1916). By 1931 William Victor Bremner and George Bremner are the owners, William having died in 1928 (Auckland Star, 23 August 1928: 12). From 1916 onwards various portions of the southeast corner of the property were taken by the Crown for roading and rail purposes (NA40/30 and NA49/233). In the 1930s, other people were added to the title but it essentially stayed intact and in the Bremner family until the 1990s (NA8B/1274). The section was subdivided into its current form in 1994 (DP166291). Figure 10. Detail of a 1942 aerial photo of the south east part of Lot 36 showing the house at 15 Burberry Road (arrowed) and the the access road crossing through 132 Bremner Road. This access road is still partially visible on modern aerial photography. 12 Auranga B1

15 If the two mortgages taken out in 1896 indicate a house was built on the section, it seems likely that it was, at least in part, the house and extensive out buildings shown on aerial photo dating to 1942 (see Figure 8). These buildings were on the site of the house currently at 15 Burberry Road (Lot 12 DP ), whether the current house is the same as the one shown in the aerial photos is unclear. The access road for the property ran from Bremner Road (known as Bremner s Road from at least 1911) and is still visible on Google Maps crossing the empty field at 132 Bremner Road (Lot 9 DP ), which is part of Auranga A, through the section at 25 Burberry Road (Lot 11 DP ) which is part of the current study area and then through 31 Burberry Road (Lot 10 DP ) which isn t. In Figure 8, there is what looks like a small house situated within the field at 132 Bremner Rd, but it is not present in the recent Google Earth imagery. Field Survey The survey was conducted paddock by paddock, where accessible. The Bremner Road properties were generally flat, and had been grazed more regularly than those located along Jesmond Road and at 30 Burberry Road. The curtilage of the properties was not inspected, as these areas are generally heavily modified and paved. The Bremner Road properties were surveyed on 3 February 2017 from east to west, starting with access gained through a front paddock at 325 Bremner Road (Lot 8 DP ). 321 Bremner Road (Lot 24 DP 12364) was not able to be accessed as the fence was impenetrable and the only access to the property appeared to be from the house. Due to the narrow nature of the property it was able to be visually inspected from 325 and 329 Bremner Road (Lot 2 DP ). The Esplanade Reserve (Lot 3 DP , Lot 4 DP and Lot 9 DP ) was also inspected on 20 February 2017, and varied from having good visibility, to being inaccessible due to intensive vegetation. There is one archaeological site (R12/1067) identified to the west of the esplanade reserve Figure 11. View south of section of esplanade reserve (facing site R12/1064) which was inaccessible due to vegetation. Note the 1m scale in front of the grasses. next to 421 Bremner Road. This site was recorded in 2010 as a shell midden consisting exclu- Arden Cruickshank, Jacqueline Craig and Danielle Trilford 13 CFG Heritage Ltd.

16 Figure 12. View north of esplanade reserve showing some of the open areas of it. Figure 13. View east of 401 Jesmond Road showing rank pasture preventing visibility. sively of mud snails (Amphibola crenata) which was eroding down the bank. It was recorded as being in poor condition. Unfortunately, due to the intensive vegetation to the southern end of Lot 3 DP103283, this site was not able to be relocated. The inland properties of 401 Jesmond (Lot 1 DP ), 281 Jesmond (Lot 1 DP 89570), 235 Jesmond (Lot 1 DP ) and 30 Burberry (Lot 6 DP ) Roads were inspected on 2 and 3 February These properties are gently rolling hills, with the western half of 401 Jesmond Rd and northern portion of 30 Burberry Road in knee to waist high pasture with poor visibility. The remainder of 401 Jesmond Road was in orchard, which provided reasonable visibility. 281 and 235 Jesmond Road had both been grazed and offered good visibility. No archaeological material was identified on any of these properties. 14 Auranga B1

17 Figure 14. View east of orchard within 401 Jesmond Road. Summary No evidence of pre-1900 archaeology or heritage, or significant 20th century heritage, was found in Auranga B1 area, either during the historic research or the field survey. Site R12/1067 has been previously identified within the Esplanade Reserve, and although it was not able to be relocated (along with R12/1101, Cruickshank et al. 2016), it indicates pre-european Maori use of this stretch of the coastline, as elsewhere along the harbour margins. Other areas within the Auranga B1 have been extensively modified through farming practices and construction, which may have obscured any archaeological sites. While no evidence has been found, it is probable that small archaeological sites exist within the study area, particularly along the costal margin. The area has been occupied and farmed by European settlers since the 1850s and it seems probable that some evidence of this occupation may also be present. Assessment The following assessment relates only to archaeological values. Other interested parties, in particular mana whenua, may hold different values regarding the heritage values of the properties. No evidence of pre-1900 archaeology or heritage, or significant 20th century heritage, was found in Auranga B1 area, either during the historic research or the field survey, and no assessment of values or significance can be made. Arden Cruickshank, Jacqueline Craig and Danielle Trilford 15 CFG Heritage Ltd.

18 Recommendations These recommendations are only made on the basis of the archaeological values that have been outlined above. Any other values associated with special interest groups, including tangata whenua, can only be determined by them. It is recommended that: as a precautionary measure, an authority to destroy, damage or modify any sites within DP , DP , DP , DP , DP , DP 89570, DP , DP , DP 12364, DP , DP , DP , DP , DP , DP , DP , DP , DP , DP , DP and DP (Auranga B1) be applied for from Heritage New Zealand Pouhere Taonga (HNZPT) under Section 44 of the Heritage New Zealand Pouhere Taonga Act 2014; note that this is a legal requirement; no authority should be applied for without consultation with the appropriate tangata whenua authorities; evidence of consultation, and views expressed, will be required by NZHPT, and will be considered when deciding about the granting of the authority note that the application process may take up to three months from the date of lodgement, and following issue there is a period of 15 working days during which earthworks cannot commence to allow for appeals to the Environment Court; appropriate tikanga (protocols) should be followed during works mana whenua may make recommendations outlining these; in the event of koiwi (human remains) being uncovered during any future construction, work should cease immediately and mana whenua should be contacted so that suitable arrangements can be made; since archaeological survey cannot always detect sites of traditional significance to Maori, or wahi tapu, mana whenua should be consulted regarding the possible existence of such sites, and the recommendations in this report. 16 Auranga B1

19 References Clarke, A The Manukau Lowlands: site distribution pattern. In S. Bulmer, R.G. Law and D.G Sutton (eds) A Lot of Spadework To Be Done. New Zealand Archaeological Association, 14. New Zealand Archaeological Association, Auckland. Clough, R. and B. Baquie Takanini Structure Plan Areas 6A and 6B: archaeological assessment. Unpublished Clough and Associates Ltd report to Hosken and Associates Ltd. Cruickshank, A., J. Craig and D. Trilford Bremner Road SHA: archaeological assessment. Unpublished CFG Heritage Ltd report to Karaka and Drury Consultants and McKenzie & Co. Consultants. Edbrooke, S.W Geology of the Auckland Area. Institute of Geological and Nuclear Sciences Ltd., Levin. Foster, R Karaka Properties Development, McRobbie Road, Kingseat: archaeological assessment. Unpublished Russell Foster and Associates Ltd report to Karaka Properties Ltd. Foster, R Park Estate Road, Hingaia: Proposed Plan Change archaeological assessment. Unpublished Russell Foster and Associates Ltd report to Hugh Green Ltd. Foster, R Park Estate Road, Hingaia: archaeological assessment. Unpublished Russell Foster and Associates Ltd report to Lakewood Estate Company Ltd. Harlow, D., J. Low and S. Bickler Cultural heritage investigation: Prepared for Papakura District Plan Review. Unpublished report to URS New Zealand Ltd. Kelly, S Environmental condition and values of Manukau Harbour. Unpublished Coast and Catchment Ltd. Report for Auckland Regional Council. Murdoch, Graeme A brief history of the human occupation of The Slippery Creek catchment. Prepared for the Regional Water Board. Planning Department of the Resource Management Division, Auckland Regional Council. Tatton, K Cultural Heritage in the Auckland Region: Priority areas for survey and assessment. Unpublished report for Auckland Regional Council. Te Roopu Kaitiaki o Papakura Cultural Heritage Assessment: Drury South Business Project. Unpublished report for Auckland Council. Wiley, H South Auckland: some sketches of its early settlement and development, with a glance at the conditions under which it was colonised. Franklin Printing & Publishing, Pukekohe. Arden Cruickshank, Jacqueline Craig and Danielle Trilford 17 CFG Heritage Ltd.

20 NEW ZEALAND ARCHAEOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION NZAA SITE NUMBER: R12/1067 Site Record Form SITE TYPE: SITE NAME(s): Midden/Oven DATE RECORDED: 25/05/2010 SITE COORDINATES (NZTM) Easting: Northing: Source: Handheld GPS IMPERIAL SITE NUMBER: METRIC SITE NUMBER: Scale 1:2,500 Finding aids to the location of the site Site is located on Oira Creek on the coastline adjacent to 421 Bremner Road (Lot 1 DP333158). Brief description Midden. Recorded features Midden Other sites associated with this site Printed by: matthewcampbell 22/02/ of 4

21 NEW ZEALAND ARCHAEOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION SITE RECORD HISTORY NZAA SITE NUMBER: R12/1067 Site description Updated: 25/05/2010, Visited: 03/02/ NZTM E / N (Handheld GPS). The midden is visible in a 4m high steep bank under pitosporums and other shrubs. No turf. There is a 30cm of brown/black topsoil over a mudstone substrate. Area of midden is 1.5m wide and extends to the top of the bank. Contains only mudsnail. Scatter and lenses visible in various places up the bank. Photos 18828_1-2. Inspected by: Robinson, James; Ford, Rachel. Condition of the site Updated: 25/05/2010, Visited: 03/02/ Eroding. Likely to continue through coastal processes. The site noted at the coastline may also have resulted from slumping further up the bank. Statement of condition Updated: 30/11/2010, Visited: 03/02/ Poor - Visible features are incomplete, unclear and/or the majority have been damaged in some way Current land use: Threats: Updated: 30/11/2010, Visited: 03/02/ Erosion Printed by: matthewcampbell 22/02/ of 4

22 NEW ZEALAND ARCHAEOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION SITE RECORD INVENTORY Supporting documentation held in ArchSite NZAA SITE NUMBER: R12/1067 Printed by: matthewcampbell 22/02/ of 4

23 NEW ZEALAND ARCHAEOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION Printed by: matthewcampbell 22/02/ of 4