PROPOSED COMMUNITY MARINE ACTIVITY HUB, TAKAPUNA, AUCKLAND: ARCHAEOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT

Transcription

1 PROPOSED COMMUNITY MARINE ACTIVITY HUB, TAKAPUNA, AUCKLAND: ARCHAEOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Report prepared for Harbour Access Trust By Adina Brown (MA, MSc) February 2015 Clough & Associates Ltd. 321 Forest Hill Rd, Waiatarua AUCKLAND 0612 Telephone: (09) Mobile

2 TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction... 1 Project Background... 1 Methodology... 1 Historical Background... 5 Maori Settlement... 5 The Mahurangi Purchase... 6 Early European Settlement... 7 Land Sales, Subdivisions and Town Development The Creation of the Takapuna Beach Archaeological Background Archaeological Sites Other Historic Heritage Sites Results Physical Environment Project Area Information from Early Plans/photos Field Survey Car Park area Café and Picnic Area Takapuna Beach Holiday Park Test Pits and Probing Discussion and Conclusions Summary of Results Maori Cultural Values Survey Limitations Archaeological Value and Significance Effects of Proposal s Act Resource Management Act 1991 Requirements Heritage New Zealand Pouhere Taonga Act 2014 Requirements Conclusions Recommendations Bibliography Appendix 1: Site Record Forms Appendix 2: Correspondence Clough & Associates Ltd. Page i Community Marine Activity Hub, Takapuna Beach

3 INTRODUCTION Project Background The Harbour Access Trust is proposing the construction of a new Community Marine Activity Hub (CMAH) within Takapuna Beach, Auckland (Figure 1, Figure 2). It is situated in the northern part of the reserve, bound by Earnoch Ave to the north, The Promenade to the south, Alison Ave to the west, and the coast to the east. A concept design consists of a community facility related to the structured maritime activity focus of the reserve. The proposal incorporates a building that will be used in part by YNZ as a high performance sailing centre, Waka Ama, hardstand area, landscaping, and associated earthworks (Figure 3, Figure 4). The legal description is Lot 1 to Lot 11 DP and Lot 1 DP The area of land is 16,338m 2 in total. An archaeological assessment was commissioned by Bianca Hurrell of Resource Co-ordination Partnership Ltd (RCP), on behalf of the Harbour Access Trust, to establish whether the proposal is likely to impact on archaeological values. This report has been prepared as part of the required assessment of effects accompanying a resource consent application under the Resource Management Act 1991 (RMA) and to identify any requirements under the Heritage New Zealand Pouhere Taonga Act 2014 (HNZPTA). Recommendations are made in accordance with statutory requirements. Methodology The New Zealand Archaeological Association s (NZAA) site record database (ArchSite), Auckland Council s Cultural Heritage Inventory (CHI), District Plan schedules and the Heritage New Zealand (Heritage NZ) New Zealand Heritage List were searched for information on sites recorded in the vicinity. Literature and archaeological reports relevant to the area were consulted (see Bibliography). Early plans held at Land Information New Zealand (LINZ) were checked for information relating to past use of the property. A visual inspection of the property was conducted on 26 September The ground surface was examined for evidence of former occupation (in the form of shell midden, depressions, terracing or other unusual formations within the landscape, or indications of 19th-century European settlement remains). Exposed and disturbed soils were examined where encountered for evidence of earlier modification and local stratigraphy. Subsurface testing with a probe and spade (outside the Site or Place of Value to Mana Whenua overlay identified on the Proposed Auckland Unitary Plan (PAUP)) was carried out to determine whether buried archaeological deposits could be identified or establish the nature of possible archaeological features. Particular attention was paid to the less modified areas of the reserve. Photographs were taken to record the topography and features of interest and the immediate surrounds. Archaeological sites beneath modern buildings or sealed surfaces in urban environments can rarely be identified prior to being exposed in the course of redevelopment work, and the approach to archaeological assessment is therefore to identify historically recorded activities on the site, and assess the potential for archaeological evidence to have survived on the basis of later modifications to the site. Clough & Associates Ltd. Page 1 Community Marine Activity Hub, Takapuna Beach

4 INTRODUCTION, CONTINUED Figure 1. General location map of the project area (red symbol) showing wider Auckland context (source: Google Maps; accessed 10/09/2014) Figure 2. Detailed 2010 aerial of the project area showing property boundaries in dark blue (source: Auckland Council GIS viewer; accessed 10/09/2014) Clough & Associates Ltd. Page 2 Community Marine Activity Hub, Takapuna Beach

5 INTRODUCTION, CONTINUED Figure 3. Concept design plan of the proposed Community Marine Activity Hub development at Takapuna Beach. Showing the new building, Waka Ama and CMAH hardstand Area (source: Warren and Mahoney 03/02/2015) Clough & Associates Ltd. Page 3 Community Marine Activity Hub, Takapuna Beach

6 INTRODUCTION, CONTINUED Figure 4. Aerial perspective view of proposed development at Takapuna Beach (source: Warren and Mahoney 11/08/2014) Clough & Associates Ltd. Page 4 Community Marine Activity Hub, Takapuna Beach

7 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND Maori Settlement 1 The first known inhabitants of the Takapuna area were a branch of the great federation of tribes known collectively as Te Waiohua (Davidson 1973:9). These tribes together with Te Kawerau a Maki occupied the land from South Auckland to the North Shore. The area that is now known as Takapuna Beach was called Waiwharariki, literally translated as water mat. The northern end of Takapuna Beach was named Te Urutapu in reference to a sacred burial place located in this area. Lake Pupuke was known as Pupukemoana and Spray Creek at Milford was named Wairau (Hutchinson et al. 1973, see Figure 5). Milford Beach was also known as Onemaewao ( the fairy s beach) (Simmons 1987; Kelly & Surridge 1990). Inter-tribal struggles and external battles were almost continuous. It is reported that a major battle was fought at Milford, where many of the North Shore Maori were killed. Their bodies were buried in the sand dunes at Milford (Hutchinson et al. 1973). During the early 18th century the area was encroached upon by Ngati Whatua from the north and Ngati Paoa from the south. Ngati Paoa eventually established themselves on Waiheke Island and on the North Shore (Davidson 1973). The Ngati Whatua and Ngati Paoa conquerors secured their position by intermarrying with Nga Oho descendants of the Te Waiohua peoples. In 1820, Ngapuhi chief Hongi Hika led a war party armed with muskets south into the Tamaki area. In 1821 Ngapuhi destroyed many of the Ngati Paoa and Te Kawerau a Maki settlements and Ngati Whatua abandoned the isthmus under the leadership of chief Apihai Te Kawau (McClure 2010). In 1827, French explorer Dumont D Urville visited the isthmus and was startled to find the area depopulated. Maori had fled to small coastal settlements around Awhitu, Waiuku, Maraetai and Port Waikato (McClure 2010). By 1830 remnants of Ngai Tai had returned to live peacefully around the shores of the Takapuna Tuff Crater Lagoon and the greater Shoal Bay area (McGowan 1993). 1 This historical background is largely drawn from Judge 2011 and the Auckland Council Takapuna Beach Draft Management Plan (2012). Clough & Associates Ltd. Page 5 Community Marine Activity Hub, Takapuna Beach

8 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND, CONTINUED The Mahurangi Purchase The Mahurangi purchase was made on 13 April 1841 between the Crown and chiefs of Ngati Paoa, Ngati Maru, Ngatimatera, and Ngatiwhanaunga (Turton 1877: Mahurangi District, Deed 192). This area encompassed the land from the north side of the Waitemata Harbour north to Te Arai (with two exemptions, see Figure 5). The purchase consisted of over 1,000 square kilometres of land, the payment for which consisted of: 400 blankets, 60 clocks, 200 cash, 60 gowns, 2 horses, 2 head of cattle, 200 pairs of trousers, 30 coats, 100 caps, 4 casks of tobacco, 6 bags of flour, 2 bags of rice, and 1 bag of sugar (ibid.). The original map of the Mahurangi Block shows Takapuna Beach named as Waiwhariki (Figure 5). In May 1841 Pomare sold his interests in the area, and in 1844 a previously exempt native reserve block was sold. Various other Maori interests were settled in (ibid.), and the land in this area began to be redistributed to European settlers. Figure 5. Map of the Mahurangi Block showing Maori place names within the Takapuna Area (source: Hutchinson, Sayers & Dumbleton 1973) Clough & Associates Ltd. Page 6 Community Marine Activity Hub, Takapuna Beach

9 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND, CONTINUED Early European Settlement Following the Mahurangi purchase, surveying commenced and the land was divided into farm blocks (Auckland Council 2012). The Takapuna area was surveyed by Allan O Neill and Sir John Logan Campbell in The area included the land from Devonport all the way north to Milford. By 1844 the survey maps were completed and farm lots were ready for sale (Figure 6). The first buyer of the Allotment containing Takapuna Beach was Mr W.S Grahame, who purchased 24 acres for 304 in 1844 (Auckland Council 2012). A large block of land comprising Lots covering an area of 110 acres was granted to prominent Ngapuhi chief Patuone by Governor George Grey in the 1840s (Figure 6). Although the beach was then known as Waiwharariki, locals came to know it as Patuone s Beach (Figure 7). Patuone lived there for a quarter of a century. Upon his death in 1872 he was buried within the Holy Trinity Church Cemetery at Devonport (Kalaugher 1926). The shores of Lake Pupuke and the land around Northcote Road were the first areas to be taken up by the European settlers (Mackay & Ross n.d.). The land was, however, still sparsely populated as can be seen from a lithograph drawn in 1862 showing the Hurstmere Road and Lake Pupuke area from Black Rock (Figure 8). By the late 19th century, farm sections of land were taken up from Old Lake Road in what is now Narrowneck to Milford (Mackay & Ross n.d.). From early on in the period of European settlement, Takapuna was called Lake Takapuna and mostly referred to simply as the Lake. The pioneer settlers took up all the land from Barry s Point all around the Lake. The majority of these were businessmen from Auckland or English, Scottish and Irish farmers. By the late 19th century, the Takapuna area had grown substantially and the beach foreshore at both Takapuna and Milford had superseded the Lake to become the main attraction for visitors from Auckland (Bartlett 2001). Day trippers visited the beaches for picnics and relaxed sightseeing excursions (Figure 9). In response to growing demand, the Devonport Ferry Company began weekend excursions to Takapuna. Provisions for landing the ferry at Takapuna Beach began with the construction of a landing stage on the rocks with railway iron piles. This structure proved unsatisfactory and the Harbour Board was persuaded to build a wharf at the end of what is now The Promenade (where the existing boat ramp is now located; Figure 9) in The ferry service linking Takapuna with Auckland commenced in 1908 (Auckland Council 2012). However the wharf, which had never been used for a regular ferry service, was demolished in 1923 by a team of bullocks following the arrival of the steam trams from Devonport, which superseded the ferry excursions (Mackay & Ross n.d.). Clough & Associates Ltd. Page 7 Community Marine Activity Hub, Takapuna Beach

10 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND, CONTINUED Early European Settlement, continued With the popularity of Takapuna Beach growing, a local man Paul Hansen, enlarged his beachside home located on the corner of Hurstmere Road and The Promenade to accommodate guests (c.1910). The newly established guest house was named Mon Desir. Mon Desir proved to be a popular destination and after World War I the hotel was again enlarged and a beer garden was added (Bartlett 2001; Figure 11 and Figure 12). Early Industries The early industries of the greater Takapuna area comprised predominantly kauri gum digging and farming. Many Maori from the Shoal Bay area took to gum digging during the early period of European settlement at the gum field over the Wairau Creek. Often blocks of land would be purchased, cleared of manuka scrub then ploughed for kauri gum, which would pay for seed and manure for the establishment of orchards (Mackay & Ross n.d.). One of the first farms to be established was William Hurst s. Hurst s farm covered the narrow strip of land from the eastern side of Lake Pupuke to the sea. Hurst also established an orchard on the seaward side of the property and planted many trees including a pair of oaks that now mark the entrance to Minnehaha Street, but which originally were planted to frame the entrance to the Hurst Homestead (still located on what is now Hurstmere Road, opposite the entrance to Minnehaha Street). Hurst also planted a row of pine trees along the road that dissected his estate, then known as The Drive now known as Hurstmere Road (Anderson 1977). During the mid-late 19th century two dairy farms one at Crown Hill and another at Archers Road established a town milk supply through Takapuna and Devonport (Mackay & Ross n.d.). A brickyard was also established by a Mr Menary during the mid-19th century at the back of Smith s bush and later moved to a location close to the present day Hauraki School. The brickyard supplied bricks locally and also shipped to Auckland. Subsequently brickyards were started at Stanley Point and Devonport (Mackay & Ross n.d.). Clough & Associates Ltd. Page 8 Community Marine Activity Hub, Takapuna Beach

11 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND, CONTINUED Figure 6. Map of the original allotment subdivision by Mr Allan O'Neill and (Sir) John Logan Campbell 1844, with vicinity of project area indicated by black rectangle (source: Bartlett 2001) Clough & Associates Ltd. Page 9 Community Marine Activity Hub, Takapuna Beach

12 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND, CONTINUED Figure 7. Two sketches by Mrs Charles Abraham forming a semi-circle from Takapuna Beach near Patuone s House, showing Rangitoto, Browns Island and Waiheke Island and Patuone s Beach (source: Sir George Grey Special Collections, Auckland Libraries C108-13) Figure 8. The Hurstmere Road and Lake Pupuke area looking from Black Rock as it was in 1862 (source: Stack 1863; Hutchinson et al. 1973) Clough & Associates Ltd. Page 10 Community Marine Activity Hub, Takapuna Beach

13 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND, CONTINUED Figure 9. Takapuna Wharf Photographer unknown (source: Sir George Grey Special Collections, Auckland Libraries, A256) Figure 10. Takapuna Beach towards project area, c.1920s, by unknown photographer (source: Sir George Grey special collections Ref: 1/ F) ` Clough & Associates Ltd. Page 11 Community Marine Activity Hub, Takapuna Beach

14 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND, CONTINUED Figure 11. The Mon Desir Hotel, before 1910 (source: Alexander Turnbull Library Collection; Bartlett 2001) Figure 12. Showing the Mon Desir Hotel and Grounds in Hurstmere Road. Photographer: H. Winkelmann 1911 (source: Sir George Grey Special Collections, Auckland Libraries, 1- W1255) Clough & Associates Ltd. Page 12 Community Marine Activity Hub, Takapuna Beach

15 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND, CONTINUED Land Sales, Subdivisions and Town Development After the first survey of roading throughout the Takapuna area, additional roads were gradually added as subdivisions intensified settlement. An 1880 survey plan shows the early layout of Minnehaha Road within the Hurst family land holdings (Figure 13). Other streets off the main Hurstmere Road were added during the late 19th century (Figure 15; Figure 21). One of the first intensive subdivisions in the Takapuna area was undertaken in The original property was that belonging to William Hurst, covering the narrow stretch of land between the eastern shores of Lake Pupuke and the coast. On Hurst s death in 1887, his wife subdivided part of the estate, selling it in 1 acre lots. A second subdivision was undertaken in 1888 (Figure 14 and Figure 15). William Thorne, a barrister and solicitor living in Auckland, bought some of the land from Minnehaha Avenue down to the sea at what is now known as Thorne Bay. The property was kept as a small farm until 1898, when it was again sold on. Despite the brief period of ownership, the area was for years later known as Thorne s farm and the bay was named after him (Anderson 1997). Further large scale subdivisions were undertaken along the eastern (coastal) side of Hurstmere Road and along the coastal stretches of the Milford settlement during the late 1880s through to the early 1920s (DP 726, DP 6805, DP 6927, DP 15006, DP 16529). The construction of the coastal sewer line running from the southern end of Milford Beach south towards Takapuna Beach was planned for construction in the late 1920s. The easement for the sewage outfall was acted upon at this time and a pipeline was installed that ran above ground along the coastal rock frontages of the properties. The pipeline proved to be a popular promenade for walkers between the beaches (Alison 2001) and is still used as such today. During the mid-20th century there was increasing demand for the construction of a boat ramp at Takapuna. Reef reclamation for the proposed Takapuna boat ramp began in the late 1960s (Figure 16). Clough & Associates Ltd. Page 13 Community Marine Activity Hub, Takapuna Beach

16 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND, CONTINUED The Creation of the Takapuna Beach 2 All of the land comprising Takapuna Beach remained in private ownership until recent times, with the exception of two parcels that were transferred in the early 1900s. In 1921 the land at the bottom of The Strand known as Gould was transferred to Council. The first parcel of land reserved early on was located seaward of the pohutukawa trees at the north end (Lot 3 DP 18295). It was transferred to Council in 1925 from Mr Audus Raynes, Hotel Keeper. Takapuna Beach Camp, now the Takapuna Holiday Park, was developed in the 1930s. The campground activity continued over the same area of land until 2003 when the southern third and the eastern edge were released back to the then North Shore City Council for public recreation. In 1970, the end of The Promenade was stopped as road and declared as a reserve, and in 1977/78, the campground was purchased. During the 1980s, two small parcels of land (Lot 3 DP98618 and Lot 3 DP ) were vested as reserve on subdivision. In the early 1990s the land now described as Lots 4 and 5 DP was purchased as part of a larger block extending through to Hurstmere Road. Part of Lots 4 and 5 (previously Lot 1 DP 31515) is currently leased to the Takapuna Boating Club Incorporated. Further land was acquired between 1995 and 1997 with the vesting of reserve resulting from the development of the Mon Desir apartments (1995) and Sands apartments (1996). In late 1998, landscape improvements were commenced at northern end of the reserve. The foundations of the beach bar associated with the Mon Desir Hotel were retained to protect the roots of the sacred grove of pohutukawa and converted into a lookout, boardwalks and soft landscaping. The Takapuna Boating Club was renovated in 2001 to provide enhanced facilities. Between 2001 and 2009 there were a number of improvements concentrated north of The Promenade. These included construction of the Takapuna Beach Cafe which replaced a traditional dairy/milk bar; establishment of the grassed picnic area, development of a small grassed terrace by the Fossil forest; construction of the coastal walkway alongside the Holiday Park site and erection of two storage sheds belonging to the Takapuna Boating Club. 2 This section is summarised from Auckland Council Takapuna Beach Draft Management Plan (2012). Clough & Associates Ltd. Page 14 Community Marine Activity Hub, Takapuna Beach

17 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND, CONTINUED Figure 13. Plan (oriented east west) of road (now known as Minnehaha Road) within Hurst landholdings, Showing a planned reclamation/wharf at the end of The Promenade (in vicinity of project area) within black rectangle (source: LINZ SO 2292) Clough & Associates Ltd. Page 15 Community Marine Activity Hub, Takapuna Beach

18 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND, CONTINUED Figure 14. Hurstmere Estate, Lake Takapuna notice of sale by auction 1888, the project area approximately located in the SE corner of the map (source: Sir George Grey Special Collections, Auckland Libraries NZ Map 4365) Clough & Associates Ltd. Page 16 Community Marine Activity Hub, Takapuna Beach

19 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND, CONTINUED Figure 15. Plan of Hurst Property and Subdivision of 1888, black rectangle shows approximate vicinity of project area (source: LINZ DP 499) Clough & Associates Ltd. Page 17 Community Marine Activity Hub, Takapuna Beach

20 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND, CONTINUED Figure 16. Takapuna Beach reef reclamation. This is where the current car park is now situated. Unknown photographer c.1969 (source: North Shore City Libraries, Takapuna Collection T1002) Transport Roads first began to be formed during the 1850s with the establishment of the Lake Takapuna Road Board. The Wairau Bridge was built, and scoria was used to construct a road around the Lake towards Devonport (Lake Road) and Northcote (Mackay & Ross n.d.). During the 1880s mail coaches ran three times weekly from Devonport to Waiwera. The regularity of this service was, however, hindered due to the poor state of the roads, particularly in wet weather. The overland mail coaches were discontinued when the coastal steamers were introduced (Hutchinson et al. 1973). The first sea transport from Auckland to the North Shore was established in the 1840s to enable transport from Shoal Bay for cattle and other farm produce. By the early 1850s this had become a regular service from Barry s Point in Shoal Bay (Hutchinson et al. 1973). Whale boats with sails and oars operated as the Takapuna Ferries from Shoal Bay from the 1840s through till the early 1870s. The Thames gold rush, however, caused depletion in custom in the early 1870s and the public Shoal Bay ferries were discontinued in Travellers then had to walk to the Devonport ferry (Hutchinson et al. 1973). Clough & Associates Ltd. Page 18 Community Marine Activity Hub, Takapuna Beach

21 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND, CONTINUED Transport, continued Passenger steamer ferry services from Devonport to Auckland were carried out by various different companies during the 1860s and 1870s. The Devonport Steam Ferry Company was established in 1881 and soon monopolised the passenger and vehicular services between the two ports (Hutchinson et al. 1973). Horse drawn bus services from Takapuna, Milford and Northcote to Devonport had been established in the 1860s and were still in use in the 1890s. Some locals had purchased spring cars and buggies as a means of transport to the Devonport ferry. Although electric trams were proposed in a Council meeting in 1898, the idea was not adopted. Instead, steam trams were started on the Devonport-Milford route from Tram lines were run from Devonport to Milford via Bayswater and Takapuna (Figure 17). The steam trams ceased operation in 1927 with the introduction of motor buses that took over the road transport on the North Shore (Hutchinson et al. 1973). Clough & Associates Ltd. Page 19 Community Marine Activity Hub, Takapuna Beach

22 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND, CONTINUED Figure 17. Brett s Map of Takapuna Riding Waitemata County (1910s). Map shows alignment of the tramline route (solid orange line) and bus routes (dotted orange line). Takapuna Wharf is also in use at this time, project area within black rectangle (source: Sir George Grey Special Collections, Auckland Libraries 4363) Clough & Associates Ltd. Page 20 Community Marine Activity Hub, Takapuna Beach

23 ARCHAEOLOGICAL BACKGROUND Archaeological Sites There is currently one archaeological site recorded in the near vicinity of the project area (see Figure 18, Figure 30, Table 1 and Appendix). This is a Midden (R11/2151) that was recorded in It was uncovered during replacement of a stormwater drain and thought to be partly damaged. It was exposed for a distance of approximately 2 5.5m and was at least 25cm in depth, including cockle, pipi, tuatua, scallop, cooks turban, fish bone and charcoal. The NZAA Site Record Form (SRF) describes it as located under The Promenade at the beginning of the boat ramp. On the CHI form additional information was added by Brent Druskovich (March 2003) and GPS coordinates were taken roughly halfway between the boat ramp and camp entrance. This has produced a slight variation in the NZAA and CHI map locations. Nevertheless, the NZAA SRF notes archaeological evidence of the settlement in the immediate area is likely to be significantly larger than that exposed in the trench (Appendix 1). Given the close proximity of the site, there is a possibility that it may extend into the project area, for example around the western margins of the car park or southern part of the picnic/ reserve area. The midden site R11/2151 has been included in the PAUP as a Site or Place of Value to Mana Whenua (2013: appendix 4.2, ID 2297). A 200m diameter buffer around the site extends into the project area (see Figure 52, below). The apparently sparse scattering of recorded sites around this section of valuable coastline is likely to be the result of intensive subdivision, and residential and infrastructure development, rather than a real indicator of settlement patterns during pre-european Maori times (Judge 2011). Other Historic Heritage Sites The Auckland Council CHI records eight other historic heritage sites within 250m of the project area (Figure 19), which have some cultural heritage significance. The sites comprise three historic structures and two maritime sites. One of the maritime sites is within the project area and is reported as the site of the former Takapuna Wharf (CHI 218). There are a further three historic botanical sites, including a sacred pohutukawa grove located within the Sands and Mon Desir residential developments at the northern end of Takapuna Beach (CHI 2115). The locations of the CHI recorded sites are marked on Figure 19 and listed in Table 1. Clough & Associates Ltd. Page 21 Community Marine Activity Hub, Takapuna Beach

24 ARCHAEOLOGICAL BACKGROUND, CONTINUED Figure 18. Map showing distribution of recorded archaeological sites in the vicinity of the project area (source: NZAA ArchSite; accessed 31/08/2014) Clough & Associates Ltd. Page 22 Community Marine Activity Hub, Takapuna Beach

25 ARCHAEOLOGICAL BACKGROUND, CONTINUED Table 1. Recorded archaeological and other historic heritage sites within 250m of the project area (NZAA ArchSite and Auckland Council CHI). Shading indicates sites within or possibly extending within the project area NZAA No. CHI No. Site Type/Name District/ Unitary Plan Easting (NZTM) Northing (NZTM) WHARF SITE. Site of former Takapuna Wharf Trees-Indigenous. Te Urutapu DP 47 / PAUP ID Pohutukawa BUILDING - TRANSPORT n/a SHED/BATHING HOUSE. n/a D.L. Murdoch's Bathing House Tree Exotic, Cedar PAUP ID R11_ MIDDEN PAUP (2013) Site or Place of Value to Mana Whenua ID Tree Trees, Pohutukawa DP 47 / PAUP ID Building Commercial. Old Post Office and Outbuilding Old Post Office BUILDING COMMERCIAL. Takapuna Automatic Telephone Exchange Building 1397 DP 202 / PAUP ID 1051 DP 224 / PAUP ID Clough & Associates Ltd. Page 23 Community Marine Activity Hub, Takapuna Beach

26 ARCHAEOLOGICAL BACKGROUND, CONTINUED Figure 19. Map showing locations of sites recorded on the Auckland Council CHI within 250m of the project area. Red dots = archaeological sites (also recorded under the NZAA site recording scheme); blue squares = built structures; purple circles = maritime sites; and green triangles = heritage trees (source: Auckland Council GIS Viewer; accessed 02/09/2014) Clough & Associates Ltd. Page 24 Community Marine Activity Hub, Takapuna Beach

27 RESULTS Physical Environment The project area is located to the east of Takapuna Town Centre, on the east coast of Auckland s North Shore. It is at the northern end of Takapuna Beach, within a reserve bounded by Earnoch Ave to the north, The Promenade to the south, Alison Ave to the west, and the coastal edge/ walkway to the east. Takapuna Beach is on the margin of the Hauraki Gulf and subject to dynamic coastal processes. The project area is on volcanic deposits derived from Lake Pupuke, including an intertidal fossil forest reef that was partly sealed over to make the car park (Figure 20). The ecosystem is highly modified by housing and coastal activity. There is a mix of rocky shore and sandy beach environment near the project area. A number of pohutukawa trees survive, including the sacred stand of pohutukawa trees (Te Uru Tapa) nearby. The current land use is predominately informal recreation. Takapuna Beach is one of a number facing Rangitoto Channel and Hauraki Gulf, incorporating a reserve and coastal walkway. There is also a major boat ramp within the project area. Figure 20. Takapuna reef fossil forest, formed 200,000 years ago by lava from Lake Pupuke volcano. Looking NE from the car park Clough & Associates Ltd. Page 25 Community Marine Activity Hub, Takapuna Beach

28 RESULTS, CONTINUED Project Area Information from Early Plans/photos The portion of the project area bounded by Alison Ave, The Promenade, and Earnoch Ave, was established in the mid-19th century and subdivided into three lots by 1887 (Figure 21). The fence boundaries to the north and south are described as over 30 years old at this date, while the eastern boundary is shown as the high water mark. Takapuna wharf was built in 1892 (Figure 9) and a ferry service to Auckland was set up in 1908, with the original wharf (Figure 10) demolished in A coastal sea wall had been constructed on the eastern boundary of the Alison Road subdivisions at least by 1924, with some reclamation for development of drainage into the sea (Figure 22). The Takapuna Holiday park was developed in the 1930s and was well established by the late 1940s (Figure 23). There appears to have been limited development of the holiday park for the next decade or so (Figure 24- Figure 26) until the reclamation of the south eastern area in the early 1960s for the car park (Figure 27, Figure 28). Historic aerials indicate an older structure (built c ) once stood where the present day café is located, possibly the former dairy (Figure 25). Two structures, possibly cabins, were also located in the current picnic area (Figure 23, Figure 25). Along the Alison Avenue frontage, a row of cabins relating to the holiday park established by the 1940s (Figure 23) were largely demolished by 1984 (Figure 27). The central laundry block adjacent to Alison Ave, and one cabin at the corner of Alison Ave and Earnoch Ave, appear to survive from the 1930s/1940s. Also evident from these pictures is that the bungalow building in the northeast corner of the site fronting Earnoch Ave (Figure 36) has been relocated here sometime after 1947, and before Some changes can be seen from the 2000s, with the addition and then subsequent removal of Takapuna Sailing School sheds on the reclaimed car park. Later, the a reserve picnic area, beach café, storage racks and sheds were created (Figure 29). Clough & Associates Ltd. Page 26 Community Marine Activity Hub, Takapuna Beach

29 RESULTS, CONTINUED Figure Subdivision of Lot 82; plots 8, 9, and 10 forming part of the project area. The northern and southern boundary fences are indicated as over 30 years old (source: LINZ DP 627) Clough & Associates Ltd. Page 27 Community Marine Activity Hub, Takapuna Beach

30 RESULTS, CONTINUED Figure 22. Land survey of project area c.1924 showing a coastal retaining wall on the eastern edge of the Alison Avenue subdivisions (source: LINZ DP 18501) Figure 23. Detail of project area in Aerial photograph taken by Whites Aviation showing the Takapuna Holiday park and coastal retaining wall. NB: original image incorrect with N- S reversed (source: Alexander Turnbull Collection Ref: WA G) Clough & Associates Ltd. Page 28 Community Marine Activity Hub, Takapuna Beach

31 RESULTS, CONTINUED Figure 24. Aerial photograph taken 29 Jan 1954 by Whites Aviation, showing the Takapuna Holiday park and reef of fossilised forest (source: Alexander Turnbull Library Ref: WA F) Figure historic aerial photograph, showing the project area (outlined in dark blue) and SE corner prior to reclamation c (source: Auckland Council GIS viewer; accessed 11/09/2014) Clough & Associates Ltd. Page 29 Community Marine Activity Hub, Takapuna Beach

32 RESULTS, CONTINUED Figure historic aerial photograph, showing the Takapuna Holiday Park (source: Auckland Council GIS viewer; accessed 11/09/2014) Figure 27. Aerial photograph taken 5 Apr 1984 by Whites Aviation showing Takapuna Holiday Park and reclaimed area of car park (source: Alexander Turnbull Library Ref: WA F) Clough & Associates Ltd. Page 30 Community Marine Activity Hub, Takapuna Beach

33 RESULTS, CONTINUED Figure 28. Deposited plan showing area of reclamation on Takapuna foreshore and the addition of the Takapuna sailing Club building in northernmost corner of car park area (source: LINZ DP172522) Figure aerial photograph, showing the project area (outlined in dark blue), which is very similar to how it is today, although the Takapuna Sailing Club building is no longer extant (source: Auckland Council GIS viewer; accessed 11/09/2014) Clough & Associates Ltd. Page 31 Community Marine Activity Hub, Takapuna Beach

34 RESULTS, CONTINUED Field Survey The survey was carried out on 26 September 2014 in good weather conditions and visibility. The project area broadly comprises a car park in the southeast, café and picnic area in the southwest, and Takapuna Beach Holiday Park in the north. The survey results for each of these areas is described below. Figure 30 is a map of the project area showing the location and extent of relevant sites in relation to the development plan (see also Figure 18, Figure 52). Archaeological site R11/2151 is also a PAUP Site or Place of Value to Mana Whenua (2013: ID 2297). Edward Ashby (Heritage and Environment Manager) for Te Kawerau Iwi Tribal Authority was invited to act as a mandated mana whenua representative to supervise the site visit. He responded that he was happy for the archaeological assessment to be carried out alone in this instance and this was confirmed in writing (Appendix 2). Within the extent of the Site or Place of Value to Mana Whenua overlay, survey was confined to visual inspection. Test pits and probing were only conducted outside of the PAUP Site or Place of Value to Mana Whenua overlay area. As the car park area is sealed, this was within the Takapuna Beach Holiday Park (see further details below). Figure 30. Known historic heritage sites in relation to the proposed development. Locations given are taken from the Auckland Council CHI overlay. NB: the NZAA location for R11/2151 is slightly further north but still outside the project area (source: Auckland Council GIS viewer and Concept plan overlay) Clough & Associates Ltd. Page 32 Community Marine Activity Hub, Takapuna Beach

35 RESULTS, CONTINUED Car Park area The southeastern corner of the project area is a car park, with a small grassed space to the north. It has two boat ramps on the southern side the western one goes onto the beach and the eastern one into deeper water. The car park sits over a significant fossil reef, sealed over in the 1950s, which is still visible in the intertidal zone to the east and north. There were no visible remains associated with either the recorded midden (R11/2151) or Takapuna Wharf site (CHI 2115). This is because the midden is now under The Promenade, either at the beginning of the (western) boat ramp (CHI location) or halfway between the boat ramp and camp entrance (NZAA location) (Figure 31, Figure 32). The 1892 Takapuna Wharf stretched over the reef, prior to reclamation, so any possible remains after it was demolished in 1923 would be under the sealed car park (Figure 33). No archaeological features or deposits were observed in this area during the site inspection. Figure 31. Area where archaeological site R11/2151 was exposed and is now under The Promenade. Looking south Clough & Associates Ltd. Page 33 Community Marine Activity Hub, Takapuna Beach

36 RESULTS, CONTINUED Figure 32. View of the car park. The recorded midden is located under The Promenade, possibly half way between the western boat ramp and camp entrance (roughly in the foreground of this picture). Looking east Figure 33. Boat ramp in the foreground and distance, south side of the project area. In the CHI it is reported that an 1892 wooden jetty (demolished 1920s) was located at the foot of the promenade where the boat ramp is. Looking east Clough & Associates Ltd. Page 34 Community Marine Activity Hub, Takapuna Beach

37 RESULTS, CONTINUED Café and Picnic Area The southwestern corner of the project area has a modern café and two large boat sheds (Figure 34). There is a small picnic and grassed area in the middle, with boating club and Waka Ama storage racks to the west (Figure 35). The area is predominantly flat, with a bank/escarpment running north south along the western boundary. Historic aerials indicate an older structure (built c ) once stood where the present day café is located and two structures, possibly cabins, were also located in the current picnic area by However, these have subsequently been demolished and no remnants were visible. No archaeological features or deposits were observed in this area during the site inspection. Figure 34. Café within southwest corner of the project area. Looking west Figure 35. Picnic area (centre and right) and Waka Ama storage racks (left). Looking north Clough & Associates Ltd. Page 35 Community Marine Activity Hub, Takapuna Beach

38 RESULTS, CONTINUED Takapuna Beach Holiday Park In the north is the Takapuna Beach Holiday Park, occupying most of the project area. This includes cabins, campervans and tents, plus associated amenities such as kitchen and site office. The land in this area is largely flat, with a terrace running north south along the western side and a bank/ escarpment with a fence bordering on Alison Ave (Figure 39). There is another terrace in the northwest corner and the northern boundary has a bank/ escarpment with a fence bordering on Earnoch Ave. Takapuna Beach Camp (now the Takapuna Beach Holiday Park) was originally developed in the 1930s. Most of the original structures appear to have been replaced (in the 1980s), but there are three older structures surviving (which are present on the 1959 aerial photographs see Figure 26). These include a building in the northeast corner of the park, which incorporates an older small weatherboard house and has been extended substantially to the east (Figure 36). It is evident from historic aerials that the bungalow building was relocated here sometime after 1947, and before On the central northern side of the park is an old cabin (Figure 38). This was originally one of seven cabins that were positioned on the terrace in the northwest corner of the park in c.1930s/1940s. These have since been removed and replaced with grass and modern cabins (Figure 40). A further three were originally positioned south of the main amenity block. The main amenity block, which houses the kitchen, laundry etc. is on the central western side of the park (Figure 37). This building has a c.1930s/1940s historic core, but has been extended substantially over the years. The camper van parking and tent area still looks very similar to how it did in 1959 (Figure 41, Figure 44). On the eastern side of the holiday park is a concrete sea wall, which appears to follow the 1950s alignment prior to reclamation (Figure 42, Figure 43). Test pits and probing were carried out in this area (see below). No archaeological features or deposits were observed during the site inspection. Clough & Associates Ltd. Page 36 Community Marine Activity Hub, Takapuna Beach

39 RESULTS, CONTINUED Figure 36. Located on north east side of the holiday park. Apparently a relocated building it has been extended to the east (not visible in this picture). Looking northeast Figure 37. Located on western side of the holiday park. A c.1930s/1940s original building that has been extended and altered. It houses kitchen and laundry facilities. Looking west Figure 38. Located on north side of the holiday park. A c.1930s/1940s original cabin. Looking northwest Clough & Associates Ltd. Page 37 Community Marine Activity Hub, Takapuna Beach

40 RESULTS, CONTINUED Figure 39. Western side of the project area with escarpment and fence. Looking north Figure 40. Modern cabins on raised terrace along western side of the holiday park. Looking west Figure 41. Caravan site in central area. Looking northwest Clough & Associates Ltd. Page 38 Community Marine Activity Hub, Takapuna Beach

41 RESULTS, CONTINUED Figure 42. Eastern side of the project area with holiday park and concrete sea wall in distance. Looking north Figure 43. Northeast corner of the project area. Looking south Figure 44. Eastern side of the project area with coastal walkway. Looking south Clough & Associates Ltd. Page 39 Community Marine Activity Hub, Takapuna Beach

42 RESULTS, CONTINUED Test Pits and Probing Test pits and probing were only conducted outside of the PAUP Site or Place of Value to Mana Whenua overlay area. As the car park area is sealed, this was within the Takapuna Beach Holiday Park. There were a number of caravans, tents, underground services, driveways, landscaping and other phyical obstructions. A row of test pits, with probing inbetween, was therefore made in the most accessible locations (Figure 45) in the western central area (Figure 46) and on the northwest terrace (Figure 47). The soil profile on the flat central area comprised a firm yellowish yellow clay and silt parent material. This was overlaid with a dark brownish brown silty sand with higher organic and mineral matter (Figure 48, Figure 49). The subsoil varied in thickness (20-80cm), with sand and gravel in lenses or poorly mixed horizons, shell inclusions (subangular) and flecks of charcoal. The soil appears to be highly modified and the gravel is likely to have been imported (as this was visible on the surface in many places for caravan parking). The test pit closest to the forsehore showed only a very thin soil layer (15cm), with high shell and sand content, as would be expected closer to the beach. The soil profile on the north westernterrace had a higher clay content and was mid yellowish brown. There was less sand, gravel and inclusions, and the subsoil profile was largely homogenous (Figure 50). Demolition debris, possibly from the old cabins demolished in the 1980s was evident. In places the probe did not reach the parent material and the soil was soft/loose (Figure 51), indicating the terrace may have been built up by cutting into the slope. Overall, the area appears to be highly modified and no archaeological deposits were identified. Figure 45. Test pit locations D E C B A Clough & Associates Ltd. Page 40 Community Marine Activity Hub, Takapuna Beach

43 RESULTS, CONTINUED Figure 46. Grassed terrace area in northwest corner where probing and test pits were carried out. Looking northeast Figure 47. General view of central area of the holiday park where probing and test pits were carried out. Looking south Clough & Associates Ltd. Page 41 Community Marine Activity Hub, Takapuna Beach

44 RESULTS, CONTINUED Figure 48. Test pit A Figure 49. Test pit B (left) and test pit C (right) Clough & Associates Ltd. Page 42 Community Marine Activity Hub, Takapuna Beach

45 RESULTS, CONTINUED Figure 50. Test pit D Figure 51. Probe near test pit E Clough & Associates Ltd. Page 43 Community Marine Activity Hub, Takapuna Beach

46 DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Summary of Results No archaeological sites are currently recorded within the project area. However a midden site (R11/2151), which is also a PAUP Site or Place of Value to Mana Whenua (2013: ID 2297), is located just outside the area beneath The Promenade. It is noted there is a high possibility that the midden site (R11/2151) may extend into the project area around the western margins of the car park or southern part of the picnic/reserve area. This is based on uncertainty as to the exact location (with slight variations between the NZAA and CHI map locations). Furthermore, the NZAA SRF (Appendix 1) notes that the extent of the site is likely to be significantly larger than what was exposed in stormwater trenching. However, the construction of the road, car park, services, landscaping and previous structures (within the picnic area) reduce the potential for the survival of in situ remains. One maritime site is recorded in the Auckland Council CHI within the project area and is reported as the site of the former Takapuna Wharf constructed in 1892 (CHI 218). It is unlikely that any remains survive (except perhaps foundations for the posts), given that it was deliberately demolished by bullocks and has been covered over by the reclamations/car park. The area of the present day holiday park appears to have been highly modified. This includes terracing and construction of cabins on the slopes where the proposed development will occur. On the flat there has been further modification such as the introduction of gravels/other material, services, roads and amenities. On this basis the potential for unknown archaeological remains is considered to be low. There are two structures that are likely to relate to the 1930s/ 1940s when the camp ground was originally established, consisting of the much altered amenity block and one cabin. No new archaeological sites were identified during the survey. Clough & Associates Ltd. Page 44 Community Marine Activity Hub, Takapuna Beach

47 DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS, CONTINUED Maori Cultural Values This is an assessment of effects on archaeological values and does not include an assessment of effects on Maori cultural values. Such assessments should only be made by the tangata whenua. Maori cultural concerns may encompass a wider range of values than those associated with archaeological sites. The historical association of the general area with the tangata whenua is evident from the recorded sites, traditional histories and known Maori place names. The Auckland Council Takapuna Beach Draft Management Plan contains a chapter on tangata whenua (2012: 1.2) and a statement of Maori values relating to this reserve (by Bill Kapea) is included in Appendix 1 of the management plan. The project team has received advice from council that a Cultural Impact Assessment is not required in this instance; however, it is understood some level of iwi engagement is under way (Appendix 2). Edward Ashby (Heritage and Environment Manager) for Te Kawerau Iwi Tribal Authority was invited to act as a mandated mana whenua representative to supervise the site visit. He responded that he was happy for the archaeological assessment to be carried out alone in this instance and this was confirmed in writing (Appendix 2). Te Kawerau do, however, wish to be kept informed of anything in relation to the PAUP Site or Place of Value to Mana Whenua (2013: ID 2297) in the future. Survey Limitations It should be noted that archaeological survey techniques (based on visual inspection and minor sub-surface testing) cannot necessarily identify all subsurface archaeological features, or detect wahi tapu and other sites of traditional significance to Maori, especially where these have no physical remains. The midden site (R11/2151) is situated underneath a road so could not be visually inspected. No subsurface testing was carried out within the Site or Place of Value to Mana Whenua (2013: ID 2297). Subsurface testing outside of the Site or Place of Value to Mana Whenua was limited to areas that were accessible. Clough & Associates Ltd. Page 45 Community Marine Activity Hub, Takapuna Beach

48 DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS, CONTINUED Archaeological Value and Significance The PAUP (2013) identifies a number of criteria for evaluating the significance of historic heritage places. In addition Heritage NZ has provided guidelines setting out criteria that are specific to archaeological sites (condition, rarity, contextual value, information potential, amenity value and cultural associations) (Heritage NZ 2006: 9-10). Both sets of criteria have been used to evaluate the value and significance of the archaeological site R11/2151 (see Table 2 and Table 3). The archaeological value of sites relates mainly to their information potential, that is, the extent to which they can provide evidence relating to local, regional and national history through the use of archaeological investigation techniques, and the research questions to which the site could contribute. The surviving extent, complexity and condition of sites are the main factors in their ability to provide information through archaeological investigation. For example, generally pa are more complex sites and have higher information potential than small midden (unless of early date). Archaeological sites may also have other values, including landscape, amenity, educational and cultural values. The midden site (R11/2151) is not a scheduled historic heritage place on the operative plan or PAUP, and has not been listed by Heritage NZ. However, in the PAUP it is protected as a Site or Place of Value to Mana Whenua (2013: ID 2297). Overall, site R11/2151 is considered to have little archaeological value based on the criteria discussed. The Heritage Landscape As noted previously, the apparently sparse scattering of recorded archaeological sites around this section of valuable coastline is likely to be the result of intensive subdivision, and residential and infrastructure development, rather than a real indicator of settlement patterns during pre-european Maori times (Judge 2011). According to the SRF for the midden site (R11/2151) The remains appear to likely represent a short to medium term pre-contact Maori settlement established on what appears to have been a flat at the immediate north end of Takapuna Beach. Given the abundant marine resources in the area it is likely that many such sites once formed part of intensive use and occupation along the coastline by Maori. The more recent heritage landscape of the area is associated with transport and leisure activities, particularly as a seaside attraction during the late 19th and early 20th century. Much of this has been lost, such as the Takapuna Wharf (CHI 2115) and Mon Desir Hotel. The only remnants of this historical association is the holiday park and a campground by the sea was and still is a quintessential part of the kiwi summer experience (Auckland Council 2012: 36). However, the present day holiday park retains few original structures and the context has changed considerably. Clough & Associates Ltd. Page 46 Community Marine Activity Hub, Takapuna Beach

49 DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS, CONTINUED Table 2. Assessment of the historic heritage significance of midden site (R11/2151) based on the criteria in the PAUP (Chapter B: 4.1) Criterion Comment Significance evaluation a) historical: The place reflects important or representative aspects of national, regional or local history, or is associated with an important event, person, group of people or idea or early period of settlement within New Zealand, the region or locality The midden generally reflects Maori/ Pre- European occupation in the local area and exploitation of coastal resources, but is not associated with any known persons or events Little/ local b) social: The place has a strong or special association with, or is held in high esteem by, a particular community or cultural group for its symbolic, spiritual, commemorative, traditional or other cultural value c) Mana Whenua: The place has a strong or special association with, or is held in high esteem by, Mana Whenua for its symbolic, spiritual, commemorative, traditional or other cultural value d) knowledge: The place has potential to provide knowledge through scientific or scholarly study or to contribute to an understanding of the cultural or natural history of New Zealand, the region, or locality e) technology: The place demonstrates technical accomplishment, innovation or achievement in its structure, construction, components or use of materials f) physical attributes: The place is a notable or representative example of a type, design or style, method of construction, craftsmanship or use of materials or the work of a notable architect, designer, engineer or builder; g) aesthetic: The place is notable or distinctive for its aesthetic, visual, or landmark qualities h) context: The place contributes to or is associated with a wider historical or cultural context, streetscape, townscape, landscape or setting No particular associations or community esteem are known To be determined by mana whenua. In the PAUP it is protected as a Site or Place of Value to Mana Whenua (2013: ID 2297) The site has the potential to contribute to an understanding of Maori/ Pre-European occupation in the local area and more broadly within the North Shore east coast bays. However, the midden was recorded as partly destroyed and the context also appears to be largely damaged by more recent development N/a midden are not constructed features The midden is likely to be a common example of a midden, with no notable physical attributes The midden is under a busy road, with no notable aesthetic or visual qualities Little/ local - Little/ local None None None The midden is associated with Maori/ Pre- Little/ local European occupation in the local area and more broadly within the North Shore east coast bays. However, the local context appears to be largely damaged by more recent development Clough & Associates Ltd. Page 47 Community Marine Activity Hub, Takapuna Beach

50 DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS, CONTINUED Table 3. Assessment of the archaeological values of midden site (R11/2151) based on Heritage NZ criteria (Heritage NZ 2006: 9-10) Value Condition Rarity Contextual value Information potential Amenity value Cultural associations Assessment At the time the midden was recorded it was noted to be partly destroyed. The area where the midden is recorded has undergone a high degree of modification (for services, the road, car park and past structures) which would indicate that little of the midden is likely to be intact. Regionally middens are very common, but in the local area few sites of this type have been recorded. There are few archaeological sites recorded locally; however the midden forms part of an extensive archaeological landscape associated with pre-contact Maori settlement along the North Shore eastern bays. Its local context has largely been destroyed by development. At the time the midden was recorded a wide range of shell fish species were noted. However, the fish bone was not analysed and no dates were taken. Although the ability to recover information will be limited if the midden is not very intact, any remains would have some information potential, especially as midden are not very common in the local area. The midden has potential to provide information relating to pre-contact Maori settlement along the North Shore eastern bays through faunal analysis and radiocarbon dating. There is no visual/ amenity value as the midden is under a busy road; however any information gathered could be incorporated into existing interpretation panels along the coastal walk, providing some educational value. The site is of Maori cultural association, but the significance of that association is for tangata whenua to determine. Clough & Associates Ltd. Page 48 Community Marine Activity Hub, Takapuna Beach

51 DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS, CONTINUED Effects of Proposal The proposed location and design of the Community Marine Activity Hub building avoids any impact on the known location of the recorded archaeological site R11/2151. In this area it is also unlikely unrecorded that subsurface remains will be exposed during development given the high degree of modification in the past, including terracing and the building of structures and associated services. The effects of the proposal in other parts of the project area, in the vicinity of the recorded midden site, are unknown at this early stage of the proposal. If works are not carried out in the road/car park area this would avoid the recorded location for this site. It is unclear from the plans what type of tree planting and landscaping is proposed in the reserve. As noted previously, there is a possibility the site may extend into the project area around the southern part of the picnic/ reserve area. This potential is limited as the area has already been built on and landscaped in the past, but it cannot be ruled out. Under the PAUP provisions test pits and probing could not be carried out in this area. However, as it appears that the existing café is to be retained and works close to The Promenade will mainly involve improving access, with presumably only shallow excavations required, the potential for impacts on any unidentified extension of the midden is likely to be low. In the future, if the plans include any works within the vicinity of the recorded archaeological site, for example the southwest corner of the car park/road or picnic/ reserve area, a precautionary approach would be recommended. It is considered possible that unrecorded subsurface remains in the form of midden could be exposed during development, given the location of the recorded midden adjacent to the project area. It would therefore be recommended that an Authority is applied for (as a precaution) prior to the start of earthworks so that potential delays can be avoided should sites be exposed. Based on the plans provided, the overall level of effects of this proposal on archaeological values are likely to be less than minor, given that the recorded loction of the archaeological site will be avoided and the area has been modified. s Act 1977 Under the s Act 1977, there are a number of processes governing the way in which Council, as administrator, is required to manage the reserve. In 2012 Auckland Council published the Takapuna Beach Waiwhariki Draft Management Plan. The plan seeks to provide protection of the reserve s important cultural heritage, landscape, environmental and recreation values (2012: 17). It includes the following policy: Māori cultural heritage and archaeological sites of importance will be protected against adverse effects of development (2012: 75). Furthermore, where development works are proposed in relation to known cultural heritage and archaeological sites and objects, archaeologist and Mana Whenua representatives are to be involved in all phases of the project (2012: 76). Clough & Associates Ltd. Page 49 Community Marine Activity Hub, Takapuna Beach

52 DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS, CONTINUED Resource Management Act 1991 Requirements Section 6 of the RMA recognises as matters of national importance: the relationship of Maori and their culture and traditions with their ancestral lands, water, sites, wāhi tapu, and other taonga (S6(e)); and the protection of historic heritage from inappropriate subdivision, use, and development (S6(f)). All persons exercising functions and powers under the RMA are required under Section 6 to recognise and provide for these matters of national importance when managing the use, development and protection of natural and physical resources. Archaeological and other historic heritage sites are resources that should be sustainably managed by Avoiding, remedying, or mitigating any adverse effects of activities on the environment (Section 5(2)(c)). Historic heritage is defined (S2) as those natural and physical resources that contribute to an understanding and appreciation of New Zealand s history and cultures, deriving from any of the following qualities: (i) archaeological; (ii) architectural; (iii) cultural; (iv) historic; (v) scientific; (vi) technological. Historic heritage includes: (i) historic sites, structures, places, and areas; (ii) archaeological sites; (iii) sites of significance to Maori, including wāhi tapu; (iv) surroundings associated with the natural and physical resources. Regional, district and local plans contain sections that help to identify, protect and manage archaeological and other heritage sites. The plans are prepared under the rules of the RMA. The Auckland Council District Plan: Operative North Shore Section 2002, The Auckland Regional Plan: Coastal and the Proposed Auckland Unitary Plan 2013 are relevant to the proposed activity. There are no scheduled Historic Heritage Places or Sites and Places of Significance to Mana Whenua within the project area in either the operative or proposed plans. Adjacent to the project area is archaeological site R11/2151, which is also a PAUP Site or Place of Value to Mana Whenua (2013: ID 2297). Based on the preliminary plans this site will not be affected by the proposed works, even though the PAUP overlay extends over the project area. If resource consent is granted, it is recommended that conditions requiring archaeological and cultural monitoring of initial earthworks in the near vicinity of the recorded sites, and the implementation of Accidental Discovery Protocols, are included. It is also recommended that an advice note regarding the provisions of the HNZPTA is included, as an Authority under that Act would be required for any modification and investigation of archaeological remains. Clough & Associates Ltd. Page 50 Community Marine Activity Hub, Takapuna Beach

53 DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS, CONTINUED Figure 52. Proposed Auckland Unitary Plan map showing the Site or Place of Value to Mana Whenua overlay ID CHI NZAA site Site type number ID R11_2151 Archaeology of Maori 2297 origin Location Promenade Road Takapuna Beach Takapuna North Shore City Heritage New Zealand Pouhere Taonga Act 2014 Requirements In addition to any requirements under the RMA, the HNZPTA protects all archaeological sites whether recorded or not, and they may not be damaged or destroyed unless an Authority to modify an archaeological site has been issued by Heritage NZ (Section 42). An archaeological site is defined by the HNZPTA Section 6 as follows: archaeological site means, subject to section 42(3), (a) any place in New Zealand, including any building or structure (or part of a building or structure) that (i) was associated with human activity that occurred before 1900 or is the site of the wreck of any vessel where the wreck occurred before 1900; and (ii) provides or may provide, through investigation by archaeological methods, evidence relating to the history of New Zealand; and (b) includes a site for which a declaration is made under section 43(1) Clough & Associates Ltd. Page 51 Community Marine Activity Hub, Takapuna Beach

54 DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS, CONTINUED Heritage New Zealand Pouhere Taonga Act 2014 Requirements, continued Authorities to modify archaeological sites can be applied for either in respect to archaeological sites within a specified area of land (Section 44(a)), or to modify a specific archaeological site where the effects will be no more than minor (Section 44(b)), or for the purpose of conducting a scientific investigation (Section 44(c)). Applications that relate to sites of Maori interest require consultation with (and in the case of scientific investigations the consent of) the appropriate iwi or hapu and are subject to the recommendations of the Maori Heritage Council of Heritage NZ. In addition, an application may be made to carry out an exploratory investigation of any site or locality under Section 56, to confirm the presence, extent and nature of a site or suspected site. An archaeological authority is not legally required for the proposed Community Marine Activity Hub as no known sites will be affected, and the potential for unidentified subsurface remains to be affected by the proposed works is low. However, it is possible that unidentified subsurface archaeological remains associated with the recorded midden site may be exposed during development in the southwest area of the road/car park and picnic/reserve area, because the full extent of the site was not established at the time it was recorded. In order to avoid any delays should unidentified subsurface features be exposed by the proposed works, consideration could be given to applying for an authority under Section 44(a) of the HNZPTA to cover all works undertaken for this project, as a precaution. This should be obtained before any earthworks are carried out. The conditions of the authority are likely to include archaeological monitoring of preliminary earthworks, and procedures for recording any archaeological evidence before it is modified or destroyed. This approach would have the advantage of allowing any archaeology uncovered during the development of the property to be dealt with immediately, avoiding possible delays. An exploratory investigation under a S56 authority is not recommended in this instance as limited testing would not guarantee the identification of any subsurface remains that might be present and as the site is a PAUP overlay resource consent would be required. Under Section 65 of the Act, Heritage NZ has the power to list significant historic places and areas, wahi tupuna, wahi tapu and wahi tapu areas on the New Zealand Heritage List. The purpose of listing is to inform members of the public and landowners about the values of significant places and to assist in their protection under the RMA. No items are listed within the project area. Clough & Associates Ltd. Page 52 Community Marine Activity Hub, Takapuna Beach

55 DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS, CONTINUED Conclusions There is only one recorded archaeological site in the near vicinity of the project area a midden (R11/2151) that was exposed in a stormwater trench within The Promenade. While this is outside the project area, its full extent subsurface is not known. It is included in the PAUP overlay as a Site or Place of Value to Mana Whenua. A former wharf built in 1892 is recorded within the project area in the CHI (218, maritime site). This was demolished prior to reclamation of the car park area and is unlikely to have any surviving remains, with the possible exception of post foundations. The proposed location of the Community Marine Activity Hub building avoids any impact on the recorded location of the archaeological site and is unlikely to impact on unidentified subsurface remains given the high degree of modification of this area in the past, including terracing and the building of structures and associated services. The effects of the proposal near the road in the vicinity of the recorded midden site are unknown at this early conceptual stage, but at present do not appear likely to involve deep earthworks and therefore have only a low possibility of encountering archaeological remains related to the midden site. This may need to be confirmed once the final plans are known, in particular in relation to any earthworks, planting or landscaping proposed in the southwest corner of the car park/road or picnic/reserve area. While the proposed development will have no effects on any known archaeological values, if previously unidentified pre archaeological remains are exposed by earthworks, they would have statutory protection under the HNZPTA and cannot be modified without authorisation from Heritage NZ. Based on the plans provided, the overall level of effects of the project on archaeological values are likely to be less than minor, given that the known location of the recorded archaeological site will be avoided and the fact that the project area has been subject to modification. Clough & Associates Ltd. Page 53 Community Marine Activity Hub, Takapuna Beach

56 RECOMMENDATIONS It is Recommended: That there should be no major constraints on the proposed development on archaeological grounds, since no archaeological sites are known to be present and it is considered unlikely that any will be exposed during development. That as there is a recorded midden site close to the project area which may extend further subsurface, an Authority should be applied for under Section 44(a) of the HNZPTA as a precaution and obtained in advance of earthworks. That initial earthworks in the near vicinity of the recorded site should be monitored by an archaeologist to establish whether any subsurface archaeological remains are present. That in the event of koiwi tangata (human remains) being uncovered, work should cease immediately in the vicinity of the remains and the tangata whenua, Heritage NZ, NZ Police and Council should be contacted so that appropriate arrangements can be made. That the tangata whenua should be consulted regarding the cultural effects of the proposal in relation to the recorded archaeological site. Clough & Associates Ltd. Page 54 Community Marine Activity Hub, Takapuna Beach

57 BIBLIOGRAPHY Auckland Council, Takapuna Beach Waiwhariki Draft Management Plan. Auckland Council Cultural Heritage Inventory, accessed at and Alison, K Milford: Polar Bears & A Castle, in J. Bartlett (ed.) 2001, Takapuna: People and Places. North Shore City Council and North Shore Historical Society. Anderson, L Pupuke: A tour of the gentlemen and their residences on historic Lake Pupuke. Bartlett, J. (ed.) Takapuna: People and Places. North Shore City Council and North Shore Historical Society. Bartlett, J The Businessmen, in J. Bartlett (ed.), Takapuna: People and Places. North Shore City Council and North Shore Historical Society. Davidson, J Days of the Maori, in W. Hutchinson, R. Sayers and E. Dumbleton Takapuna: A historical portfolio commemorating 60 years of municipal government Takapuna City Council Heritage NZ Writing Archaeological Assessments. Archaeological Guidelines Series No. 2. New Zealand Historic Places Trust Pouhere Taonga (now Heritage NZ). Hutchinson, W., R. Sayers and E. Dumbleton Takapuna: A historical portfolio commemorating 60 years of municipal government Takapuna City Council. Judge, C Takapuna to Milford Walkway: Archaeological Assessment. Clough & Associates report prepared for Reset Urban Design Ltd and Auckland Council Kalaugher, J. P Patuone the peacemaker. In: Hutchinson et al Takapuna: A historical portfolio commemorating 60 years of municipal government Takapuna City Council. Kelly, J. and J. Surridge Map of the Tamaki Isthmus with Maori Place Names Redrawn from Tamaki Makau-Rau by Leslie Kelly. Department of Geography, Auckland University. Mackay, J Kauri Gum Digging on the North Shore, in J. Bartlett (ed.) 2001, Takapuna: People and Places. North Shore City Council and North Shore Historical Society. Mackay, J The First Farms, in J. Bartlett (ed.) 2001, Takapuna: People and Places. North Shore City Council and North Shore Historical Society. Mackay, J. and J. Ross. Undated. Early Takapuna (1840/50 to 1900). Unpublished typescript McClure, M Auckland Region Maori History. In: Te Ara the Encyclopedia of New Zealand. URL New Zealand Archaeological Association ArchSite Database, accessed at New Zealand Heritage List, accessed at Simmons, D Maori Auckland including the Maori Place Names of Auckland collected by George Graham. Auckland, Gordon Ell the Bush Press. Stack, F. R Views of New Zealand / [drawn from nature by F. R. Stack]. Day and Sons, London. Turton, H.H Maori Deeds of Land Purchases in the North Island of New Zealand. Vol. I. Province of Auckland. VI. Mahurangi District. Accessed at Tur01Nort-t1-g1-g1-g1-g6.html. Clough & Associates Ltd. Page 55 Community Marine Activity Hub, Takapuna Beach

58 APPENDIX 1: SITE RECORD FORMS Clough & Associates Ltd. Page 56 Community Marine Activity Hub, Takapuna Beach

59 APPENDIX 1: SITE RECORD FORMS, CONTINUED Clough & Associates Ltd. Page 57 Community Marine Activity Hub, Takapuna Beach

60 APPENDIX 1: SITE RECORD FORMS, CONTINUED Clough & Associates Ltd. Page 58 Community Marine Activity Hub, Takapuna Beach

61 APPENDIX 1: SITE RECORD FORMS, CONTINUED Clough & Associates Ltd. Page 59 Community Marine Activity Hub, Takapuna Beach

62 APPENDIX 1: SITE RECORD FORMS, CONTINUED Clough & Associates Ltd. Page 60 Community Marine Activity Hub, Takapuna Beach

63 APPENDIX 1: SITE RECORD FORMS, CONTINUED Clough & Associates Ltd. Page 61 Community Marine Activity Hub, Takapuna Beach

64 APPENDIX 1: SITE RECORD FORMS, CONTINUED Clough & Associates Ltd. Page 62 Community Marine Activity Hub, Takapuna Beach

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66 APPENDIX 1: SITE RECORD FORMS, CONTINUED Clough & Associates Ltd. Page 64 Community Marine Activity Hub, Takapuna Beach

67 APPENDIX 2: CORRESPONDENCE From: To: CC: Date: Thu, 25 Sep :47: Subject: RE: National Sailing Centre, Takapuna Kia ora Adina, Thank you for your . I understand the situation. I have happily assisted Charlotte and others in the past, however my view is that experienced archaeologists do not require my supervision for archaeological assessments including probing and limited spade tests. Provided that you simply let me know what s happening on Maori heritage sites I am comfortable for archaeologists to get on with the task. I am happy to provide you an in such instances so that Council can see that mana whenua (Kawerau) are aware of the case and are happy for the archaeologist to proceed alone (as Kawerau are in this case). Although the rules specify supervision (and I completely understand why there have been times where the iwi were not aware of investigations of wāhi tapu), I am of the view that, as with CIAs, we have an opt-out clause provided we put it in writing. In some cases I will want to accompany archaeologists, but this is more to make an informal cultural assessment (including heritage sites). I would let you know anyway. In this case I am familiar with the site anyway. I am meeting Rod Clough this afternoon and will discuss this with him. Feel free to forward this on to the Council planner and let me know if you have any difficulty. Noho ora mai Edward Ashby MA/PgDip For.Sci. Heritage and Environment Manager Te Kawerau Iwi Tribal Authority 2/3 Airpark Drive, Airport Oaks, Auckland PO Box , Mangere Bridge, Auckland DDI: Cell: edward.ashby@tekawerau.iwi.nz Clough & Associates Ltd. Page 65 Community Marine Activity Hub, Takapuna Beach

68 APPENDIX 2: CORRESPONDENCE, CONTINUED From: adina Sent: Tuesday, 23 September :56 p.m. To: Edward Ashby Cc: Subject: National Sailing Centre, Takapuna Kia Ora Edward, The Harbour Access Trust is proposing the construction of a new National Sailing Centre within Takapuna Beach, Auckland (see attached plans). It is situated in the northern part of the reserve, bound by Earnoch Ave to the north, The Promenade to the south, Alison Ave to the west, and the coastal edge to the east. A concept design plan has been provided and consists of a new National Sailing Centre building, Waka Ama and NSC hardstand area and landscaping, with associated earthworks. An archaeological assessment was commissioned by Bianca Hurrell of Resource Co-ordination Partnership Ltd (RCP), on behalf of the Harbour Access Trust, to establish whether the proposed work is likely to impact on archaeological values. I have copied her in if you have any queries about the project. We wanted to see if you could assist with the archaeological assessment to accompany this RC. You will note there is a PAUP Site or Place of Value to Mana Whenua that covers part of the project area (see attached). This relates to archaeological site R11/ This is recorded as a partly damaged midden, exposed under the promenade when replacing a storm water trench. It is now sealed by the road (see attachment). As you will be aware, under the PAUP (2013) an archaeologist must be supervised by a mandated Mana Whenua representative if there is a Site or Place of Value to Mana Whenua overlay. We have not met before, but my colleague from Clough & Associates, Charlotte Judge forwarded me your address as she said you have assisted us on behalf of Te Kawerau in this area in the past. I would be grateful to know if you wish to accompany me when I do my visual inspection for the archaeological assessment? If so, what date and time would suit you? I understand that the project team are also in touch with the council regarding protocols on iwi consultation and CIA. Kind regards Adina Adina Brown/ Heritage Consultant/ Clough & Associates Ltd. Mob: Office: (09) ; Mob ; heritage@clough.co.nz 321 Forest Hill Rd, Waiatarua; AUCKLAND Clough & Associates Ltd. Page 66 Community Marine Activity Hub, Takapuna Beach

69 APPENDIX 2: CORRESPONDENCE, CONTINUED aucklandcouncil.govt.nz To: Subject: FW: PAUP sites or places of value to mana whenua: extent of site or place - The Promenade, Takapuna Date: Fri, 22 Aug :07: Hi there Please see below, advice from council that there is no need to seek a CIA for the geotech investigation. With regard to consent, the operative plan provisions apply i.e. no consent Clough & Associates Ltd. Page 67 Community Marine Activity Hub, Takapuna Beach

70 APPENDIX 2: CORRESPONDENCE, CONTINUED From: Paul Johansson Sent: Friday, 22 August :06 a.m. To: Catherine Edmeades Subject: PAUP sites or places of value to mana whenua: extent of site or place - The Promenade, Takapuna Hi Catherine Please find below a response to your query regarding The Promenade, Takapuna PAUP sites or places of value to mana whenua: extent of site or place Address of property The Promenade, Takapuna Date response sent 22 August 2014 Relevant ID# 2297 (refer customer query) if more than one CHI R11/2151 Click here to enter text. Is the extent of site or place known? NO If NO complete tasks 3 & 4 below Attach site plan (with scale) showing centre point of MWV overlay relative to location of earthworks Indicate distance between centre point of MWV overlay and earthworks activity at closest point: 94.49m to the beige area indicated on the concept plans approx. The extent of site is indicated by the yellow circle of 50m radius where the extent of site is unknown. The red line is the distance from the 50m buffer to the earthworks approx. No CIA is required. Indicate nature of site or place (e.g. midden, pa, terrace, site of occupation, burial, garden etc.): Midden Is the site described as destroyed in the NZAA / CHI records? NO Attach CHI record (may be forwarded to the applicant) 1 Even where sites are described as destroyed, the cultural value persists, therefore the consent requirement remains. 2 If applicant wants NZAA record then will need to contact NZAA and arrange payment Clough & Associates Ltd. Page 68 Community Marine Activity Hub, Takapuna Beach

71 APPENDIX 2: CORRESPONDENCE, CONTINUED Clough & Associates Ltd. Page 69 Community Marine Activity Hub, Takapuna Beach