EUROCAE Symposium & 54 th General Assembly. London, April 2017

Transcription

1 EUROCAE Symposium & 54 th General Assembly London, April 2017

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3 EUROCAE Symposium SESSION 4: PERFORMANCE BASED NAVIGATION Moderator: Manfred MOHR, IATA Speakers: Friedhelm RUNGE, EASA Franca PAVLICEVIC, EUROCONTROL Sylvain RAYNAUD, Airbus Geoff BURTENSHAW, UK CAA John DYSON, NATS Richard MACFARLANE, ICAO

4 EUROCAE Symposium Manfred MOHR IATA

5 EUROCAE Symposium Friedhelm RUNGE EASA

6 Performance Based Navigation Friedhelm Runge Chief Expert Avionics and Electrical Systems

7 What is PBN SAFER & BETTER FLIGHT EFFICIENCY PBN EUROCAE 7 Symposium

8 Main principles Route structure based on waypoints and independent from ground based navigation facilities (VOR, DME, NDB) Aircraft ability to maintain a path with a given accuracy => RNAV and provide an alarm when getting outside the limits => RNP Harmonised at ICAO level in PBN manual and translated into aircraft certification requirements and route design criteria PBN EUROCAE Symposium 8

9 Proposed PBN Regulation (EASA Opinion) Opinion En route En route Remains RNAV 5 TMA PCP 24 Major TMA/ADR SID/STAR must be: RNP 1 (plus addtl. function.) Opinion Other TMA/ADR SID/STAR may be: RNAV 1 or RNP 1 (plus addtl. function.) APCH Approach must be: RNP APCH with APV All NPA Rwys must be: RNP APCH with APV PBN EUROCAE Symposium 9

10 Supported by standards ED-75D MASPS: REQUIRED NAVIGATION PERFORMANCE FOR AREA NAVIGATION, October 2014 ED-72A MINIMUM OPERATIONAL PERFORMANCE SPECIFICATION FOR AIRBORNE GPS RECEIVING EQUIPMENT USED FOR SUPPLEMENTAL MEANS OF NAVIGATION, April 1997, superseded by RTCA DO- 316, dated 14/04/2009 RTCA/DO-229D MOPS for GPS SBAS, dated December 2006 WG 28/SC 159 work on SBAS CAT II/III WG 62 works on MOPS for GALILEO/GPS Dual Frequency Multi Constellation SBAS receiver PBN EUROCAE Symposium 10

11 Further standards ED-54 MOPS for Distance Measuring Equipment Interrogator (DME/N and DME/P), dated January 1987 No MOPS for scan DME exists but is one foreseen backup ED-22B MOPS for VOR (Jan 1988) Flight Management Systems ED-58 (June 1988) superseeded by RTCA/DO-283B, dated ED-76A STANDARDS FOR PROCESSING AERONAUTICAL DATA, June PBN EUROCAE Symposium 11

12 Outlook EUROCAE has a policy to revisit standards for actuality from time to time It is suggested to revisit the navigation sensor standards as they exist for quite a while and are still important in the PBN context PBN EUROCAE Symposium 12

13 European Aviation Safety Agency Any questions? Thank you for your attention

14 EUROCAE Symposium Franca PAVLICEVIC EUROCONTROL Sylvain RAYNAUD Airbus Geoff BURTENSHAW UK CAA

15 PBN Challenges Franca Pavličević Head of NAV & CNSS Research EUROCONTROL & Solutions Sylvain Raynaud FMS/ANF Design team leader Navigation Systems - EYAN Airbus Operations S.A.S EUROCAE ANNUAL SYMPOSIUM, April 2017 Geoff Burtenshaw PBN Implementation Lead UK CAA

16 Three in one The concept PBN, at the beginning and then? From Concept to Flight deck reality PBN on the flight deck From perfect paths to implementation reality Environmental Impact of PBN PBN Challenges and Solutions 16

17 PBN at the beginning and then? Franca Pavličević Head of Navigation & CNSS Research EUROCONTROL

18 Navigation quick refresh! I know where I want to go, but.. Are we Philosophers? Where am I? How will I get there? How long will it take? Or Explorers? PBN Challenges and Solutions 18

19 In search of the perfect lateral and vertical path. 1910s 1930s 1970s Visual Reference Conventional Navigation The Magic is in the Box Area Navigation (RNAV) PBN (RNAV + RNP) PBN Challenges and Solutions 19

20 Why PBN? P R E B-RNAV P-RNAV US-RNAV RNP10 RNP 4 RNP/RNAV RNAV and RNP Other States-Regions Russia US Europe Boeing Australia China Airbus Canada Japan South America India F U T U R E PBN Challenges and Solutions Development of a variety of navigation applications NO INTEROPERABILITY 20

21 PBN, a snapshot Routes/Holds/IFP Decided locally by implementation using NS/NI Different applications possible. Respond to different airspace concepts. (ANSP) Navigation Applicatio n Interoperability guaranteed Aircraft/Aircrew requirements Fixed globally with acceptable means of compliance (in PBN Manual). Some options. Logic is that state / regional certification should not be more demanding. (OEM/Regulator): e/tsos part of AMC Navigation Specification NAVAID Infrastructure Standardised SET DME / GNSS Globally promulgated performance standards (in ICAO Annex 10). Choice of Infra depends on NAV spec requirements and local infrastructure decisions. (Service Provider) PBN Challenges and Solutions 21

22 PBN. Stopped the myth that accuracy = RNAV & RNP Generally, Nav Spec linked to flight phase. International Navigation Specifications published in Volume II of PBN Manual PERFORMANCE Obsolete RNP Concept 10 Navigation Specification Functionalities Navigation Sensors Air crew requirements Document used by State as basis for developing Certification & Operational Approval 10 Global Specifications - Vol II, ICAO Doc 9613 PBN Challenges and Solutions 22

23 Navigation Specifications RNP 4 For Oceanic & Remote Continental ICAO Navigation Specifications RNP SPECIFICATIONS RNP 2 RNP 1 A-RNP RNP APCH RNP AR APCH RNP 0.3 For various flight phases * RNP future PUBLISHED IN PBN MANUAL Used by State as basis for developing Certification & Operational Approval RNAV SPECIFICATIONS RNAV 10 RNAV 5 For Oceanic & RNAV 2/1 Remote For en route & Continental terminal PBN Challenges and Solutions 23

24 PBN, in context Based on needs; sum of Operational, Airspace; Environmental, technological reality.. AIRSPACE CONCEPT Data/ Voice Interoperability guaranteed ATS Routes SID/STARs/IAP In ECAC = RADAR >> ADS-B; WAM Standardisation SET Procedures & Tools PBN Challenges and Solutions 24

25 Enter PBN PBN improves Safety which tops any list. PBN s key benefits: Safety especially on Final Approach Flexibility where ATS routes, SIDs/STARs can be placed A great airspace planning/design tool if used correctly Interoperability one qualification, works everywhere; Better access to airports and airspace. PBN functions provide Confidence in navigation performance, both laterally and vertically, along a flight path (i.e. SID/STAR/IAP). Confidence is provided by PBN s ten RNAV and RNP specifications. These spell out crew and aircraft navigation performance needed to operate on a route. PBN Challenges and Solutions 25

26 PBN Challenges PBN Concept is Simple Application is Complex RNAV & RNP Terminology: Mix of Old/New and technical / operational Confused stakeholders Who needs to know what? Making PBN work for on the flight deck and for air traffic controllers Standardising 10 navigation specifications globally suggests one size fit all Is there a mandate? Let s have Mixed Mode and Let s have BEBS (Best-Equipped-Best-Served) No incentive to equip Rationalisation of Navaids difficult The Environmental Impact of PBN PBN Challenges and Solutions 26

27 PBN on the flight deck: Aircraft implementation for the Approach Sylvain Raynaud FMS/ANF Design team leader Navigation Systems - EYAN Airbus Operations S.A.S

28 Airbus Flight Operations NOvember 2016 One aircraft design Which behavior do you expect?? Select the best sensors (GPS) Apply Guidance laws (efficiency/comfort) Along a specific path Best performance (GPS) at all times. No performance degradation related to RNP value Only alert limits are changed!! 28 Page 28

29 Airbus Flight Operations NOvember 2016 External Monitoring On-Board Monitoring TSE ATC (mode S, ADS-B,.) NSE Accuracy NAV ACCURACY Integrity GPS PRIMARY FTE XTK OBPMA RNAV RNP 29 TSE: Total system Error NSE: Navigation System Error FTE: Flight Technical Error Page 29

30 Airbus Flight Operations NOvember 2016 External Monitoring ATC (mode S, ADS-B,.) On-Board Monitoring OBPMA NSE On-Board Monitoring TSE Accuracy NAV ACCURACY Integrity GPS PRIMARY FTE XTK OBPMA RNAV RNP 30 TSE: Total system Error NSE: Navigation System Error FTE: Flight Technical Error Page 30

31 Airbus Flight Operations NOvember 2016 MONITORING / INTEGRITY Monitoring and Alerting: GPS/NAV PRIMARY LOST +Based on GNSS/Inertial mode Integrity monitoring related to threshold Except RNP AR below 0.15 NM, GPS/NAV PRIMARY LOST message triggered regardless of the selected RNP value 31 Page 31

32 Various flight phases RNP SPECIFICATIONS RNAV SPECIFICATIONS RNP 4 For Oceanic & Remote Continental RNP 2 RNP 1 A-RNP RNP APCH RNP AR APCH RNP 0.3 For various flight phases RNP future RNAV / RNP approaches include variants, each with operational implications: RNAV(GNSS) aka RNP APCH -> may benefit from on board ILS look-alike solution (pilots and ATC can then handle such procedures similarly to ILS) LPV -> full precision approach service (ILS look-alike solution) RNP-AR -> require specific authorization for aircraft, airline, and crew; may require a specific a/c solution; specific handling from ATC to join the procedure RNAV Visual?? Situation is complex * RNAV 10 RNAV 5 For Oceanic & RNAV 2/1 Remote For en route & Continental terminal PBN Challenges and Solutions 32

33 Presentation title runs here (go to Header and Footer to edit this text) DD Month, YEAR 33

34 Presentation title runs here (go to Header and Footer to edit this text) DD Month, YEAR 34

35 The Environmental Impact of PBN Geoff Burtenshaw PBN Implementation Lead UK CAA

36 Argus News Thursday 27 February 2014 New Gatwick flight path trials are 'destroying' Sussex village life Good luck. I hope you are not planning to implement PBN below 10,000 feet or it could be 2028 not 2018 when it happens Wow! PBN has been so amazing. I am now not able to sleep at night and get no respite from aircraft noise even though my family and I were previously unaffected PBN is torturing lives NOW, if torture is the way of the future it s not a future I look forward too Residents around your PBN systemisation routes are not impressed. Want you to return to seat of the pants based navigation PBN Challenges and Solutions 36

37 UK Government Airspace Policy Framework Public Response to PBN and Aviation Noise UK Government Consultation February 2017: UK Airspace Policy July 2015 Airports Commission Recommendations CAA/Industry Noise Task Force Noise Mitigation Considerations when Designing PBN Departure and Arrival Procedures CAP 1378 Independent Commission on Civil Aviation Noise ICCAN) UK Airspace Policy: A Framework for Balanced Decisions on the Design and use of Airspace CAA Draft Airspace Design Guidance: CAP 1520 Air Navigation Guidance on Airspace and Noise Management and Environmental Objectives PBN Challenges and Solutions 37

38 UK Government Aviation Noise Policy Limit, and where possible, reduce the number of people significantly affected by aircraft noise Priority should be given to reducing significant impacts rather than the number of people who will experience some aircraft noise Explicit consideration of design options that compare single routes with multiple routes. The need to assess permanent and planned redistribution (PPR) of traffic Consideration of environmental factors from the outset via Design Principles and earlier community engagement Greater efforts at transparency and explaining noise impacts in meaningful terms PBN Challenges and Solutions 38

39 Example: Multiple PBN routes to disperse traffic below 7000ft (Relief options for PBN SIDs not constrained by NPRs below 4,000ft) Noise Objective: Relief, Concentration or Dispersal Environmental impacts Total number of people affected by noise New populations exposed to noise Intensity/frequency of aircraft experienced by those affected Noise Preferential Routes Fuel/ CO2 efficiency Operational impacts Runway Capacity ATC System capacity ATC system complexity Aircraft capability issues Fly-ability FMC capacity PBN Challenges and Solutions Applicability 39

40 Example: SID Alternation PBN Challenges and Solutions 40

41 Example: Multiple PBN routes to enable use of certain routes at certain times Noise Objective: Relief, Concentration or Dispersal CAP 1385: Noise Mitigation Considerations when Designing PBN Departure and Arrival Procedures Environmental impacts Total number of people affected by noise New populations exposed to noise Intensity/frequency of aircraft experienced by those affected Noise Preferential Routes Fuel/ CO2 efficiency Operational impacts Runway Capacity ATC System capacity ATC system complexity Aircraft capability issues Fly-ability FMC capacity Applicability PBN Challenges and Solutions 41

42 Lufthansa SESAR AAL Trials AAL - Augmented Approaches to Land Curved approaches for the reduction of fuel and noise B748 Higher noise emission due to Configuration and higher thrust setting in turns! PBN Challenges and Solutions 42

43 Summary of the Environmental Challenges and Solutions Airspace change programme risks in the form of: Public consultation Cost Judicial review Hostility from local residents Local and national government politics All can have a serious impact on timescales for deployment One cannot overlook the potential downsides for the communities close to an airport from implementing PBN Environmental pressures: real risk to regulatory compliance including ICAO Assembly Resolution A37-11, SES Pilot Common Project, PBN-Implementing Regulation Challenge: take mitigation measures through airspace design to minimise the environmental impact on those communities PBN Challenges and Solutions 43

44 Summary of the Environmental Challenges and Solutions Area navigation techniques are part of the modern aircraft s DNA Seat of the pants navigation is over In theory: can design PBN routes to mitigate environmental (noise) impacts, but more work needed to assess actual level of respite/relief; New route designs May have environmental benefits, but create operational impacts & aircraft capability issues May also have dis-benefits local community perceptions are important It s not just a challenge to PBN The aircraft is the noise generator : Aircraft factors include: operating procedures, configuration changes, climb/descent profile, loading on departure and arrival routes, night-time noise etc. There will be no optimal solution that addresses all stakeholder needs but a balance will be required in order to find the most acceptable route positioning or operating concept PBN Challenges and Solutions 44

45 Thank you

46 EUROCAE Symposium John DYSON NATS

47 PBN Implementation, Implications and Opportunities John Dyson

48 Implementation RNAV 1 across London TMA estimated RNAV 1 - Prestwick Lower airspace, - Scottish, Manchester, Birmingham TMAs and Irish Sea - from Airport RNAV 1 SIDS and PBN approaches DVOR replacement programme 19 sites to 2020 DVOR & NDB rationalisation programme ongoing DME optimisation and replacement programme 48

49 Implications Over 100 ANSPs = co-ordination issues!! Delays to TMA implementation removing airport procedures from VORs (A/Ps own SIDS) NATS Policy to remove all en-route dependencies from DVOR / NDBs Costs and timescales of changing airports procedures Solutions / options for continued DVOR support site by site basis Airspace changes environmental challenge, consultation, reviews and costs Expectation for DFMC provide increased resilience to GNSS support of PBN 49

50 Opportunities Ground based equipment rationalisation (DVOR, NDB, DME, could also be Cat I ILS?) DME optimisation replacement / rationalisation / spectrum management - for DME/DME Co-ordinate Standards, regulations and implementation activities accuracy performance of modern DME Transponders can be taken into account Environmental capacity, fuel, parallel routings, noise, Safety - confidence in positioning accuracy Airspace re-design DME / DME currently independent back up to GNSS support of PBN 50

51 Thank you John Dyson

52 EUROCAE Symposium Richard MACFARLANE ICAO

53 Eurocae Annual Symposium Performance-based Navigation April 2017, London Richard MacFarlane DD/AN, ANB, ICAO

54 ICAO assistance for PBN Implementation PBN Manual 5 th Edition How To Guides Workshops, Manual Updates Flight Procedures Programme (FPP)

55 PBN Manual 5 th Ed. Additional guidance for Implementation Advanced-RNP Use of RF Legs Advisory VNAV Transition to Final

56 How To Guides Overview of the concept Task based approach Linked material Supported by added value elements such as worksheets, checklists

57 How To Guides

58 How To Guides Need for a guide to step user through the process Layers of information Basic Steps Detail for each Step Links to source material Topic Oriented Task Oriented

59 How To Guides Step 1 Step 2 Step 3 Step 1 Detailed instructions Step 2 Detailed instructions Step 3 Detailed instructions Reference Centre (Link to useful information for the user)

60 Reference Centre Added Value: Customers who subscribe will have access to the online Reference Centre: Allows for dynamic search of multiple PBN Documents and the Guide Provides fast reference Capacity to search Annexes and other useful external information Can ultimately integrate training, videos, data and newsletter(s)

61 Reference Centre (sample)

62 How To Guides Step 1 Step 2 Step 3 PBN Ops Approval Step 1 Detailed instructions Step 2 Detailed instructions Step 3 Detailed instructions PBN Business Case Reference Centre PBN Airspace design PBN Procedure Design Step 1 Detailed instructions Step 2 Detailed instructions Step 3 Detailed instructions Step 1 Step 2 Step 3

63 How To Guides PBN Ops Approval Proof of Concept In development now PBN Business Case In discussion with consultant PBN Procedure Design

64 Workshops In support of How To Guides Revised Manuals Ops Approvals Airspace Design Additional Activities

65 FPPs Flight Procedures Programme Currently 2 FPPs Africa and APAC 3 rd (MID) FPP planned for Sep 2017

66 FPPs Flight Procedures Programme Support States by: Assisting with the development of PBN Implementation plan Developing a sustainable IFP capability in the region Providing training on PBN and IFP subjects Ops Approval, Airspace design, Flight Procedure Design

67 Questions?

68 EUROCAE Symposium SESSION 4: PERFORMANCE BASED NAVIGATION Moderator: Manfred MOHR, IATA Speakers: Friedhelm RUNGE, EASA Franca PAVLICEVIC, EUROCONTROL Sylvain RAYNAUD, Airbus Geoff BURTENSHAW, UK CAA John DYSON, NATS Richard MACFARLANE, ICAO

69 EUROCAE Symposium Starting at 20:00 Gala Dinner & Award Night at Royal Aeronautical Society 4 Hamilton Place, Mayfair, London (map)

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