SOLVING GATE ALLOCATION PROBLEM (AGAP) USING DISTANCE-EVALUATED PARTICLE SWARM OPTIMIZATION (DEPSO)

Transcription

1 SOLVING GATE ALLOCATION PROBLEM (AGAP) USING DISTANCE-EVALUATED PARTICLE SWARM OPTIMIZATION (DEPSO) AZLAN BIN AHMAD TAJUDDIN B.ENG (HONS.) MECHATRONICS UNIVERSITY MALAYSIA PAHANG

2 SOLVING GATE ALLOCATION PROBLEM (AGAP) USING DISTANCE-EVALUATED PARTICLE SWARM OPTIMIZATION (DEPSO) AZLAN BIN AHMAD TAJUDDIN Thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of the degree of Bachelor of Engineering in Mechatronics Engineering (Hons) Faculty of Manufacturing Engineering UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA PAHANG JUNE 2017

3 ii SUPERVISOR S DECLARATION I hereby declare that I have checked this thesis and in my opinion, this thesis is adequate in terms of scope and quality for the award of the degree of Bachelor of Engineering in Mechatronics. Signature : Name of supervisor : MR. ZULKIFLI BIN MD YUSOF Position : SENIOR LECTURER Date : 20 th JUNE 2017

4 iii STUDENT S DECLARATION I hereby declare that the work in this thesis is my own except for quotations and summaries which have been duly acknowledged. The thesis has not been accepted for any degree and is not concurrently submitted for award of other degree. Signature : Name : AZLAN BIN AHMAD TAJUDDIN ID Number : FB11030 Date :

5 iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENT First and foremost, I would like to express my gratitude and thankfulness to Allah, The Almighty God for His guidance and blessing me with the strength to successfully complete this Final Year Project. I also would like to thank my supervisor, Mr. Zulkifli Bin Md Yusof for his guidance, idea and advice all the way through completion of my Final Year Project. I sincerely thanks to my supervisor for the time spent proofreading and correcting my mistakes. Next, I would like to express my appreciation to my parents and family members for their continuous loves, patience, sacrifice, supporting and encouraging me to completing this project and finishing my study at UMP. My very special thanks to Mr. Kamil Zakwan Bin Mohd Azmi for his cooperation and assistance in carrying out this project. Without his help, my path to completing this project will be much tougher. My sincere thanks go to all Manufacturing Engineering Faculty (FKP) lectures, staff and my fellow friend who helped and supported in many ways and made my journey at UMP pleasant and unforgettable. Lastly, I would like to thanks all the lecturers and students which contribute directly or indirectly in the completion of my Final Year Project.

6 vii TABLE OF CONTENTS SUPERVISOR S DECLARATION STUDENT S DECLARATION ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ABSTRACT ABSTRAK TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF TABLES LIST OF FIGURES LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS Page ii iii iv v vi vii ix x xii CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Airport Gate Allocation Problem (AGAP) Project Background Problem Statement Objective of Project Project Scope 6 CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) terminologies Binary Particle Swarm Optimization (BPSO) Distance-Evaluated Particle Swarm Optimization (DEPSO) DEPSO in Airport Gate Allocation Problem (AGAP) 18

7 viii CHAPTER 3 METHODOLOGY 3.1 Optimization PSO solving Airport Gate Allocation Problem (AGAP) PSO Performance Testing DEPSO Performance Testing Airport Gate Allocation Problem (AGAP) AGAP Variables AGAP Fitness Calculation 45 CHAPTER 4 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 4.1 Algorithm Evaluation Using Excel (manual calculation) Experimental Results Graph for continuous function Graph for F Graph for F Graph for F AGAP using DEPSO DEPSO solving Airport Gate Allocation Problem (AGAP) Discussion 58 CHAPTER 5 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION 5.1 DEPSO Performance Testing using Excel Optimizing Airport s Gate Allocation using DEPSO Recommendation 61 REFERENCES 62 APPENDICE A 64

8 ix LIST OF TABLES Table No. Page Title 3.1 Flights between KLIA and Penang Flight between KLIA and Kota Kinabalu Flight between KLIA and Kuching Time window for Penang - KLIA - Penang Time Window for Kota Kinabalu - KLIA Kota Kinabalu Time Window for Kuching KLIA - Kuching Time window for first flights Distance between gates and KLIA entrance/exit Distance from gate to gate (transit) Number of passengers Continued Binary assignment of every gate Parameter setting for DEPSO Gates allocated and binary representation for first flights AGAP by DEPSO Flights scheduling TWD for BPSO, DEPSO and BSKF 60

9 x LIST OF FIGURES Figure No. Page Title 1.1 Plane caught fire at airport Minimization and maximization of function Birds murmuration School of fish avoiding sea lion PSO illustration PSO flowchart Extensions of PSO Probability sigmoid function Illustration of AGAP Flow chart of DEPSO Probabilistic function graph PSO performance testing using excel for continuous function (1 st iteration) PSO performance testing using excel for continuous function (2 nd iteration) PSO performance testing using excel for continuous function (3 rd iteration) PSO performance testing using excel for continuous function (4 th iteration) PSO performance testing using excel for continuous function (5 th iteration) PSO performance testing using excel for F23 (1 st iteration) PSO performance testing using excel for F23 (2 nd iteration) PSO performance testing using excel for F23 (3 rd iteration) PSO performance testing using excel for F23 (4 th iteration) PSO performance testing using excel for F23 (5 th iteration) 30

10 xi 3.13 DEPSO manual calculation for F24 using excel (1 st iteration) DEPSO manual calculation for F24 using excel (2 nd iteration) DEPSO manual calculation for F24 using excel (3 rd iteration) DEPSO manual calculation for F24 using excel (4 th iteration) DEPSO manual calculation for F25 using excel (1 st iteration) DEPSO manual calculation for F25 using excel (2 nd iteration) DEPSO manual calculation for F25 using excel (3 rd iteration) DEPSO manual calculation for F25 using excel (4 th iteration) Block Diagram for AGAP (using DEPSO) KLIA Gates Layout PSO convergence using excel for continuous function PSO convergence using excel for F DEPSO convergence using excel for F DEPSO convergence using excel for F Flow chart of DEPSO employed in AGAP Binary representation for gates (31 TW) BPSO solving AGAP with 1000 iterations DEPSO solving AGAP with 2000 iterations 57

11 xii LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AGAP COP PSO BPSO DEPSO GSA BGSA SKF BSKF PEN KBK KCH KLIA TW TWD Airport Gate Allocation Problem Combinatorial Optimization Problem Particle Swarm Optimization Binary Particle Swarm Optimization Distance-Evaluated Particle Swarm Optimization Gravitational Search Algorithm Binary Gravitational Search Algorithm Simulated Kalman Filter Binary Simulated Kalman Filter Penang Kota Kinabalu Kuching Kuala Lumpur International Airport Time Window Total Walking Distance