DATING CERAMICS. Mark Found on Indicates. 22 carat (22 Kt) American items after 1930s. porcelain, oven-to-table cookware. American and English

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1 DATING CERAMICS FOLLOWING IS A CHART LISTING COMMON WORDS FOUND ON CERAMICS WITH THEIR USUAL COUNTRY OF ORIGIN AND APPROXIMATE DATE: Mark Found on Indicates 22 carat (22 Kt) American items after 1930s aluminite Bone china breveté French high fired porcelain, oven-to-table cookware porcelain, primarily French, means patented after 1900 developed circa 1800; mark appears after circa 1915 as early as 1820 China Chinese Export ware circa cooking ware Primarily American ceramic ovenware circa present copyright reserved English items after 1876 copyright American items copyright (word) after circa 1858 until present craze proof Primarily American ceramic ovenware circa Czechoslovakia Czechoslovakian After 1918 Danmark (Danish for Denmark) Danish After 1850 Delft Dutch pottery 19 th / 20 th century Denmark Danish After 1850 dépose French circa 1900 and later (translates as registered ) designed expressly for detergent proof American, French, and English, primarily porcelain circa 1927 and later (used by factories to connote a special edition - either for a specific individual or retailer) circa present

2 dishwasher proof circa present East Germany East German England English After 1880 fast color circa 1960s fayence German faïence 20 th century Finland Finnish After 1897 France French After 1867 freezer-oven-table circa 1960s-1970s Germany German After 1885 Gesetzlich Geschützt (Ges. Gesch.) hand-painted handmade German items after 1899 (means legally patented or registered) circa present 1 circa present Hungary Hungarian After 1935 incorporated American items circa 1940 Japan Japanese After 1921 Limited (Ltd.) made expressly for American, French, and English, primarily porcelain after 1861 circa 1927 and later (used by factories to connote a special edition - either for a specific individual or retailer) 1 Although most are hand painted, this distinction usually refers to a craft type piece where each piece may be slightly different. This is not to be confused with the turn-of-the century ladies hobby pieces that were handpainted by women during the period in England and the US.

3 made exclusively for American, French, and English, primarily porcelain circa 1927 and later (used by factories to connote a special edition - either for a specific individual or retailer) Made in China Chinese Export ware circa 1921 and later Made in Made in Occupied Japan microwave safe All import ware into England Exported goods from Occupied Japan after circa present National Brotherhood of Operative Potters American items Nippon Japanese (Japanese word for Japan) Norge (Norwegian for Norway) Norwegian After 1911 Norway Norwegian After 1935 NRA and eagle logo American (National Recovery Administration Act of similar to the WPA) oven tested oven proof oven-to-table circa present after present present patent pending American items present patent applied for American items present patented American items present permanent colours English circa 1960s Portugal Portuguese After 1853 published by English circa

4 refrigerator ware circa Reg. U.S. Pat. Off. American circa present Registered (Reg.) With a number English present Registry mark diamond shape English Royal (Worcester) English after 1862 Royal (Doulton) English after 1902 Royal (Crown Derby) English after 1876 Royal (added to manufacturer s name) English after circa 1850 Russia Russian Before 1917 and after 1991 semi vitreous (s-v) after 1901 Soviet Union Russian circa circa 1991 Sweden Swedish After 1933 trademark English items present trademark American items present U.S. Zone U.S. Occupied Zone of Germany after WWII U.S. patent American items after present U.S. Zone Germany underglaze U.S. Occupied Zone of Germany after WWII items circa union label American items circa 1930s - present union made American items circa 1930s - present United States of America American After 1935 USPA approved glaze American present USSR Russian before 1991

5 USSR Russian After circa 1991 VEB (Volksiegener Betriebe) warranted Nationalized German Democratic Republic Company American West Germany West German American items (copyright logo) after circa 1914 American items present THE FOLLOWING COMPANIES HAVE SPECIFIC DATING SYSTEMS. REFER TO THE APPROPRIATE CHARTS FOR THESE COMPANIES: Doulton and Company, Burslem, Staffordshire (sometimes date marks after present) George Grainger and Company, Worcester, UK (date marks when run by Worcester Porcelain Company) Homer Laughlin, East Liverpool, Ohio (date marks after 1900) John Meir and Son, Tunstall, Staffordshire, UK (sometimes date marks) Minton, Stoke, Staffordshire, UK (date marks present) Pisgah Forest Pottery, Pisgah Forest, North Carolina (date marks after 1926) Quimper, French (use family marks present) Rookwood Pottery, Cincinnati, Ohio ( ) Royal Crown Derby, Derby, UK (date marks circa present) Royal Delft / De Porceleyne Fles (The Porcelain Bottle), Delft, Holland (date marks after 1879) Sèvres Porcelain Factory, Sèvres, France (date marks ; unauthorized use; ) Syracuse China Corporation, Syracuse, New York (date marks present) Van Briggle Pottery, Colorado Springs, Colorado (most with date marks ) Wedgwood, Burslem, Barlaston and Euturia, UK (date marks present)

6 Worcester, Worcester, UK (date marks present)