Economic Effects of Infrastructure
|
|
- Charlene Tate
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Economic Effects of Infrastructure Naoyuki Yoshino Dean, Asian Development Bank Institute (ADBI) Professor Emeritus Keio University
2 Infrastructure Finance: Use of long term domestic savings Infrastructure investment Government Budget Government Bank Tax Postal Savings Domestic Investors (Pension Funds and Insurance) Overseas Investors Asian Financial Crisis ODA
3 Long term and Patient investors are needed. Bank deposits Bank loans (-5 years). Life insurance ( years, 3 years) 3. Pension funds (, 3, 4 years) Long term financing 4, Asset Management of long term instruments 5. Financial education has to be developed 3
4 4
5 Map of Japan Governance of Public Works Three Bridges were constructed () Accountability () Transparency (3) Responsibility Ex-ante and Ex-post Evaluation South Kyushu North Kyushu Chugoku Shikoku Kinki Hokuriku Tokai Hokkaido North Kanto South Kanto Tohoku Okinawa (not included) 5
6 Regional Disparities of Economic Effects large differences in Spillover effects Hokkaido Tohoku Northern Kanto Southern Hokuriku Tokai Kinki Chugoku Shikoku Northern Southern Kanto Kyushu Kyushu Direct Effect Indirect Effect (Capital) Indirect Effect (Labor). Hokkaido Tohoku Northern Kanto Southern Kanto Hokuriku Tokai Kinki Chugoku Shikoku NorthernSouthern Kyushu Kyushu Direct Effect Indirect Effect (Capital) Indirect Effect (Labor) 6
7 Direct Effect and Spill-over Effects Production Function Y=F( Kp, L, Kg ) Output Direct Effect Y= Output, Kp= private capital, L = labor Kg = public capital (infrastructure)
8 Non-affected region Highway Spillover effect Employment Private investment Spillover effect Non-affected region
9 Spillover effects Return to investors Direct Effect (Kg) Indirect Effect (Kp) Indirect Effect (L) % Returned %Increment
10 Case Study: Southern Tagalog Arterial Road (STAR), Philippines Micro-data The Southern Tagalog Arterial Road (STAR) project in Batangas province, Philippines (south of Metro Manila) is a modified Built-Operate- Transfer (BOT) project. The 4. km STAR tollway was built to improve road linkage between Metro Manila and Batangas City, provide easy access to the Batangas International Port, and thereby accelerate industrial development in Batangas and nearby provinces.
11 Difference-in-Difference (DiD) Analysis where: D = (Treatment group) T = Treatment period D = (Control group) = Treatment Effect Assumption: Equal trends between Treatment and Control groups Pre- Post
12 () Property tax Treatment D (.63) Treatment D.4** Period t+ Treatment D Period t+ Treatment D Period t Treatment D Period t- Treatment D Period t- Treatment D Period t-3 Treatment D Period t-4, forward (.5).447** (.6).47*** (.8).4** (.674).63* (.645).7* (.8).573*** (.) Difference-in-Difference Regression: Spillover () (3) (4) (5) (6) Property Business Business Regulatory Regulatory tax tax tax fees fees (.874) (.36) (.47) (.3) (.46) ***.**.48*** -. (.3).574*** (.8).57** (.3).387 (.78).336 (.54).45 (.578). (.758) (.3).64*** (.45).44*** (.47).56** (.57).6** (.7).785** (.8) 3.48*** (.8) (.45).5*** (.54).64*** (.48).77** (.47).84** (.53).7*** (.544).56*** (.35) (.84).44** (.4).64** (.83).38** (.64).48** (.634).*** (.63).88*** (.563) (.48).55*** (.6).64*** (.8).838* (.448).44** (.43).38*** (.36).5*** (.45) (7) User charge. (.5).48*** (.3).37** (.64).35 (.7).5 (.74).4 (.74).73*** (.58).3*** (.67) (8) User charge.364 (.8) -. (.5).434** (.67).4 (.58).7 (.56).47 (.53).676 (.55).787 (.745) Construction.83** * (.7) (.6) (.855) (.8) Constant 4.6*** *** *** *** -.6 (.48) (8.83) (.) (.4) (.87) (6.566) (.64) (7.84) N R Clustered standard errors, corrected for small number of clusters; * Significant at %. ** Significant at 5%. *** Significant at %.
13 The Southern Tagalog Arterial Road (STAR Highway), Philippines, Manila Tax Revenues in three cities Yoshino and Pontines (5) ADBI Discussion paper 54 Completion 3
14 Fees + Additional return from tax revenues Increase rate of return on investment Toll fees Ticket revenue Investors Employment Spillover effect Private investment Spillover effect Increase in Tax revenues
15 Return the spillover effects to Investors 5
16 Cross-border Infrastructure Investment Role of Multilateral Institution Country A Large City Country B Spillover effect, Promote SMEs Spillover effect Increase in Tax revenues
17 Railway Uzbekistan Railway GDP growth rate Time Divide regions affected and not affected by railway connection to Treated group and Control group 7 Naoyuki Yoshino - Umid Abidhadjaev. Impact evaluation of infrastructure provision: case studies from Japan and Uzbekistan. December 4-5, 5. Islamabad, Pakistan
18 Difference-in-difference: regression 8 Naoyuki Yoshino - Umid Abidhadjaev. Impact evaluation of infrastructure provision: case studies from Japan and Uzbekistan. December 4-5, 5. Islamabad, Pakistan
19 years year GDP GDP Term Connectivity effect Regional effect Spillover effect Launching Effects Short.83***[4.48].7[.45].33[.4] Mid.5***[6.88].36[.].7[.46] Long.6***[3.4] -.4[-.].**[.4] Anticipated Short.[.33].85[.75] -.8[-.] Mid.3[.5].64[.3] -.[-.3] Long.7[.3] -.6[-.].5[.67] Postponed Effects.76*[.5] -.4[-.7].58*[.3] Anticipated Short -.54[-.66].4[.78] -.3[-.] Mid.3[.44].84[.4].3[.3] Long.[.5].[.6].87[.] Postponed Effects -.4[-.] -.7[-.35].5[.44] Note: t-values are in parenthesis. t-value measures how many standard errors the coefficient is away from zero. legend: * p<.; ** p<.5; *** p<. Naoyuki Yoshino - Umid Abidhadjaev. Impact evaluation of infrastructure provision: case studies from Japan and Uzbekistan. December 4-5, 5. Islamabad, Pakistan
20 Additional tax revenue, Regional GDP growth and Railway Company Net Income, LCU (bln.) Period Short term (-) Mid-term (-) Long-term (-) Coefficients T()* Y (Tax revenue).83*** [4.48].48*** [6.88].6*** [3.4] Y Affected (Direct + Spillover effects) Company net income (Revenue - Costs) Source: Authors calculatios
21 Japanese Bullet Train
22 Impact of Kyushu Shinkansen Rail on CORPORATE TAX revenue during st PHASE OF OPERATION period {4-}, mln. JPY (adjusted for CPI, base 8) Variable Regression Regression Regression 3 Regression 4 Regression 5 Treatment [-.] Number of tax payers * * 5.86* * * [.5] [.5] [.5] [.5] [.] Treatment [-.87] Treatment [-.6] Treatment [-.7] TreatmentCon [-.65] Constant [-.35] [-.35] [-.35] [-.35] [-.3] N R F Note: Treatment = Time Dummy {-3} x Group. etc. t-values are in parenthesis. Legend: * p<.; ** p<.5; *** p<.. Clustering standard errors are used, allowing for heteroscedasticity and arbitrary autocorrelation within a prefecture, but treating the errors as uncorrelated across prefectures COMPOSITION OF GROUPS Group Group5 Kagoshima Kagoshima Kumamoto Kumamoto Fukuoka Group3 Oita Kagoshima Miyazaki Kumamoto Fukuoka Group7 Kagoshima Kumamoto Fukuoka Oita Miyazaki Saga Nagasaki GroupCon Kagoshima Kumamoto Fukuoka Osaka Hyogo Okayama Hiroshima Yamaguchi
23 Impact of Kyushu Shinkansen Rail on CORPORATE TAX revenue during nd PHASE OF OPERATION period {-3}, mln. JPY (adjusted for CPI, base 8) Variable Regression Regression Regression 3 Regression 4 Regression 5 Treatment 733.** [.] Number of tax payers *** *** *** *** *** [3.3] [3.4] [3.4] [3.4] [3.7] Treatment * [] Treatment ** [.] Treatment ** [.34] TreatmentCon 763 [.58] Constant ** ** ** ** ** [-.7] [-.8] [-.8] [-.] [-.] N R F Note: Treatment = Time Dummy {-3} x Group. etc. t-values are in parenthesis. Legend: * p<.; ** p<.5; *** p<.. Clustering standard errors are used, allowing for heteroscedasticity and arbitrary autocorrelation within a prefecture, but treating the errors as uncorrelated across prefectures COMPOSITION OF GROUPS Group Group5 Kagoshima Kagoshima Kumamoto Kumamoto Fukuoka Group3 Oita Kagoshima Miyazaki Kumamoto Fukuoka Group7 Kagoshima Kumamoto Fukuoka Oita Miyazaki Saga Nagasaki GroupCon Kagoshima Kumamoto Fukuoka Osaka Hyogo Okayama Hiroshima Yamaguchi 3
24 mln. JPY Total tax revenue, mln. JPY Group 7 Group 5 Group 3 Group Previous period [8-] Construction [-3] Operation [4-] Operation Group 8 [-3]
25 Public-Private Partnership (PPP) Give incentives to operating entity
26 Possible Solutions Start up businesses, farmers Hometown Investment Trust Funds A Stable Way to Supply Risk Capital Yoshino, Naoyuki; Kaji Sahoko (Eds.) 3, IX, 8 p. 4 illus., illus. in color Available Formats: ebook Hardcover Springer Japan, Cambodia Vietnam, Peru 6
27 Investment in SMEs and start up businesses 7
28
29 Access to Finance by SMEs and Large Firms in Japan
30 Barriers for SMEs in Accessing Financial Institutions Source: ADB OECD study on enhancing financial accessibility for SMEs: Lessons from recent crises. Mandaluyong City, Philippines: Asian Development Bank, 3 3
31 Examined Variable 3
32 Cluster analysis: the average linkage method Dendogram Using Average Linkage 3
33 Factor Loadings of Financial Variables after Direct Oblimin Rotation 33
34 Credit Rating of SMEs using Asian Data (i) Sales (ii) Assets (iii) Liquidity (Cash) (iv) Total Debt 34
35 Grouping Based on Principal Component (Z-Z) and Cluster Analysis 35
36 Wind Power Fund Construction costs = million US $ Future Environment Relies on You
37 Various Wind power generators were constructed in Japan The fund constructed more than 6 areas of wind powers
38 Investors people Each person US$ Private Financial Scheme of Wind Power Collected by Individuals (started in -) Hokkaido Green Fund Construction Costs = million US $ Sell to Power Company Final User PE +.5 5% surcharge
39 Donation Investors Financial Scheme of Wind Power Collected by Individuals Hokkaido Green Fund (6%) Senior Bank Loans (%) Government Fund, Carbon Tax (%) Sell to Power Company Final User PE=5% surcharge Sales Of Power
40 Solar Power Panel Funds in Japan
41 Japan Greece Italy Portugal Ireland France OECD-Total Spain Belgium United States United Kingdom Iceland Canada Hungary Austria Netherlands Slovenia Germany Finland Slovak Republic Czech Republic Poland Denmark Sweden Switzerland New Zealand Korea Norway Australia Luxembourg Estonia percent Gross Debt / GDP of selected OECD Countries Gross Debt / GDP of selected OECD Countries Note: General government gross financial liabilities as a percentage of GDP Source: OECD Economic Outlook No. 5 (database), Publication Date: 6 May 4 DOI:.787/gov-debt-table-4--en 4
42 General Account Budget -Breakdown of Expenditure National Debt Service 3,7. 4.3% Interest Payments,3..6% Food Supply,5.7 (.) Promotion of SMEs 85.3 (.) Energy 64. (.) Former Military Personal Pensions (.5) Economic Assistance 5.8 (.5) Miscellaneous 6,5.6 (6.4) Contingency Reserves 35. (.4) Redemption of the National Debt 3, % Others,656.8.% National Defense 4, % Education & Science 5, % Public Works 5, % Social Security 3, % General Account Total Expenditure s 5,88.3 (.%) Local Allocation Tax Grants, etc. 6,44 6.8% Primary Expenses 7, % (Note)Figures may not add up to the totals due to rounding. (Note)The ratio of Social Security expenses to General Expenditures*:54.% *General Expenditures equals to the Primary Expenditure minus Local Allocation Tax Grants, etc.
43 Banks and Postal Savings (5) JAPAN 7.8% Bank of Japan (5) JAPAN.% Life and Non-life Insurances (5).3% Overseas Investors (5) 8.5% Public Pension funds (5) 6.4% Private Pension Funds (5) 3.4%
44 Balance Sheet of BOJ Unit: Trillion Yen Total Asset: 7 ETF etc. 6.6 Total Asset: 58 Long term JGB 8 Others Banknotes 87 Current deposit 47 ETF etc. 8 Total Asset: 4 Long term JGB 4 Others Banknotes Current deposit 7 ETF etc.3 Long term JGB Others Banknotes 87 Current deposit 77 FY FY3 FY4 Data Source:BOJ
45 Japanese Government Bond Yields year year.5 Source: MOF
46
47 47
48 Yoshino and Sakakibara () The Current State of Japanese Economy and Remedies, Asian Economic Papers, MIT Press, Vol., No.. 48
49 Yoshino, N., Taghizadeh-Hesary, F. (5), An Analysis of Challenges Faced by Japan s Economy and Abenomics. Journal of Japanese Political Economy. Routledge: Taylor and Francis, DOI:.8/34X.4.85 Yoshino, N., Taghizadeh-Hesary, F. (6). Causes and Remedies of Japan s Long Lasting Recession: Lessons for China. China & World Economy. Vol 4 (): 6 4
50 Reasons for Vertical IS curve 5
51 Domar Condition 5
52 Bohn s Condition 5
53
54 Government Spending and Taxation Rules
55 55
56 References McNelis, P and N, Yoshino () Macroeconomic Volatility under High Accumulation of Government Debt: Lessons from Japan, Advances in Complex Systems, Vol.5, Suppl. No., pp Hoshi, T. and T. Ito (4) Defying Gravity: can Japanese sovereign debt continue to increase without a crisis?, Economic Policy Journal, Vol., Iss.7, pp Yoshino, N. and E. Sakakibara () The Current State of Japanese Economy and Remedies, Asian Economic Papers, Vol., No., MIT Pres Yoshino, N. and T. Mizoguchi () The Role of Public Works in the Political Business Cycle and the Instability of the Budget Deficits in Japan, Asian Economic Papers, Vol., No., pp. 4-. Yoshino, N. and T. Mizoguchi (3a) Change in the Flow of Funds and the Fiscal Rules Needed for Fiscal Stabilization, Public Policy Review, Vol.8, No.6, pp Yoshino, N. and T. Mizoguchi (3b) Optimal Fiscal Policy Rule to Achieve Fiscal Sustainability: Comparison between Japan and Europe, Presented at Singapore Economic Review Conference 3. Yoshino, N and U. Vollmer (4) The Sovereign Debt Crisis: Why Greece, but not Japan?, Asia Europe Journal, June, Vol., Iss.3, pp Yoshino, N., Taghizadeh-Hesary, F. (5), An Analysis of Challenges Faced by Japan s Economy and Abenomics. Journal of Japanese Political Economy. Routledge: Taylor and Francis, DOI:.8/34X.4.85 Yoshino, N., T. Mizoguchi and Taghizadeh-Hesary, F. (5) Optimal Fiscal Policy Rule for Achieving Fiscal Sustainability: A Japanese Case Study, Asian Development Bank Institute, Working Paper, No. 53. Yoshino, N., Taghizadeh-Hesary, F. (6). Causes and Remedies of Japan s Long Lasting Recession: Lessons for China. China & World Economy. Vol 4 (): 6 56
Economic Effect of Infrastructure : macroeconomic effects and microeconomic effects
Economic Effect of Infrastructure : macroeconomic effects and microeconomic effects Naoyuki Yoshino, Masaki Nakahigashi, Victor Pontines and Umid Abidhadjaev Asian Development Bank Institute ADBInstitute
More informationAn Empirical Analysis of Disasters on Regional Economy Case Study of 2000 Flood Disaster in Japan by use of regional GDP data
An Empirical Analysis of Disasters on Regional Economy Case Study of Flood Disaster in Japan by use of regional GDP data Naoyuki Yoshino, Ph.D Dean, Asian Development Bank Institute (ADBI) Professor Emeritus,
More informationIMD World Talent Report Factor 1 : Investment and Development
THAILAND 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Overall Investment & Development Appeal Rank 2016 37 42 24 Readiness 49 of 61 Factor 1 : Investment and Development Total Public Expenditure on Education Percentage of
More informationMARCH, Result of an annual survey of international students in Japan 2016
MARCH, 2017 Result of an annual survey of international in Japan 2016 Japan Student Services Organization(JASSO) has conducted an annual survey of international in Japan at the graduate school, university,
More informationThe Nordic Countries in an International Comparison. Helga Kristjánsdóttir 20. apríl 2012
The Nordic Countries in an International Comparison Helga Kristjánsdóttir 20. apríl 2012 15 Figure 1. World Bank, GDP growth (annual %) 10 5 0 1961 1963 1965 1967 1969 1971 1973 1975 1977 1979 1981 1983
More informationAn overview of Tallinn tourism trends
An overview of Tallinn tourism trends August 2015 The data is collected from Statistics Estonia, Tallinn Airport and Port of Tallinn. In August 2015, 179,338 stayed overnight in Tallinn s accommodation
More informationSprint Real Solutions Switched Data Service International Rates from the U.S. Mainland, Hawaii, Puerto Rico, and the U.S.
1* The international rates below apply to calls from the U.S. Mainland, Hawaii, Puerto Rico, and the U.S. Virgin Islands. The usage rates below reflex the discount found in Section 6.4 of Schedule No.
More informationSprint Real Solutions Switched Data Service International Rates from the U.S. Mainland, Hawaii, Puerto Rico, and the U.S.
1* The international rates below apply to calls from the U.S. Mainland, Hawaii, Puerto Rico, and the U.S. Virgin Islands. The usage rates below reflex the discount found in Section 6.4 of Schedule No.
More informationFINLAND. Table 1. FDI flows in the host economy, by geographical origin. (Millions of US dollars)
Table 1. FDI flows in the host economy, by geographical origin World 3 732 8 046 3 319 2 823 4 750 7 652 12 451-1 144 718 7 359 2 550 4 158 Developed economies 3 638 8 003 2 382 2 863 4 934 7 258 12 450-855
More informationSprint Real Solutions Switched Data Service International Rates from the U.S. Mainland, Hawaii, Puerto Rico, and the U.S.
1* The international rates below apply to calls from the U.S. Mainland, Hawaii, Puerto Rico, and the U.S. Virgin Islands. The usage rates below reflex the discount found in Section 6.4 of Schedule No.
More informationMONTHLY NATURAL GAS SURVEY. November 2009
MONTHLY NATURAL GAS SURVEY November 2009 INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY Next Release: 12 March 2010 MONTHLY NATURAL GAS SURVEY - 1 CONTENTS TABLE 1 Natural Gas Balances in OECD
More informationShifting mindsets: Evolution & trends in infrastructure we need to create
Shifting mindsets: Evolution & trends in infrastructure we need to create Presented to CAF Conference: Infrastructure for the Development of Latin America Banco De Desarrollo De America, Latina Buenos
More informationSprint Real Solutions Option A SDS International Outbound Rates from the U.S. Mainland, Hawaii, Puerto Rico, and the U.S.
1* The international rates below apply to calls from the U.S. Mainland, Hawaii, Puerto Rico, and the U.S. Virgin Islands. For additional termination poinst for some countries, see International Termination
More informationSprint Real Solutions VPN SDS International Rates from the U.S. Mainland, Hawaii, Puerto Rico, and the U.S. Virgin Islands 1*
1* The international rates below apply to calls from the U.S. Mainland, Hawaii, Puerto Rico, and the U.S. Virgin Islands where available. The rates, which are shown below in full minute increments, are
More informationDEVELOPMENT AID AT A GLANCE
DEVELOPMENT AID AT A GLANCE STATISTICS BY REGION 3. AMERICA 2018 edition All the data in this report are available at: http://www.oecd.org/dac/financing-sustainable-development/ 3.1. ODA TO AMERICA - SUMMARY
More informationWhite Paper on Tourism In Japan. The Tourism Situation in FY2016
White Paper on Tourism In Japan The Tourism Situation in FY2016 Table of contents Part I Tourism Trends in 2016... 1 Chapter 1 Global Tourism Trends... 1 Section 1 Global Macroeconomic Conditions... 1
More informationSole parents: participation and equality
Sole parents: participation and equality Workshop on Gender Equality in Australia s Tax and Transfer System, 4-5 November 2015 Peter Whiteford, Crawford School of Public Policy peter.whiteford@anu.edu.au
More informationIntra-African Air Services Liberalization
Intra-African Air Services Liberalization James Wiltshire Senior Economist, www.iata.org/economics To represent, lead and serve the airline industry Aviation connects African businesses to world markets
More informationDEVELOPMENT AID AT A GLANCE
DEVELOPMENT AID AT A GLANCE STATISTICS BY REGION 3. AMERICA 26 edition 3.. ODA TO AMERICA - SUMMARY 3... Top ODA receipts by recipient USD million, net disbursements in 24 3..3. Trends in ODA Colombia
More informationSLOVAKIA. Table 1. FDI flows in the host economy, by geographical origin. (Millions of US dollars)
Table 1. FDI flows in the host economy, by geographical origin World 1 271 4 095 1 060 1 058 714 4 693 3 267 4 692-6 1 769 3 491 2 825 Developed economies 1 204 4 050 1 036 1 113 485 4 265 1 001 5 084-881
More informationCover Pool ( mn.) 4, , , , , ,494.6 of which derivatives ( mn.)
Publication according to section 28 para. 1 nos. 1 and 3 Pfandbrief Act (Germany) Lettres de Gage publiques (covered bonds backed by public sector debt) outstanding and their cover pool Outstanding total
More information2013 Research Agenda: Australian Universities International Directors Forum
2013 Research Agenda: Australian Universities International Directors Forum Alan Olsen www.spre.com.au 9 October 2013 AUIDF Benchmarking Australian Universities International Directors Forum: 38 members
More informationFinancial Status of Aichi Prefecture
Financial Status of Aichi Prefecture October, 2015 Aichi Prefecture Contents Highlights P2 1. Overview P4 2. Fiscal Profile P10 3. Aichi Prefecture Bonds P14 4. Appendix P20 1 Highlights Outstanding Economic
More informationICCA & the International Association Meetings ICCA-JNTO-JTA Bid Workshop 2013
ICCA & the International Association Meetings ICCA-JNTO-JTA Bid Workshop 2013 Asia continues to be one of the most dynamic meetings regions in the world, and has continued to grow and develop throughout
More informationDevelopment of National Infrastructures Open to Asia and the Role of Fukuoka. Akira Yamasaki Professor Faculty of Economics, Chuo University
Development of National Infrastructures Open to Asia and the Role of Fukuoka Akira Yamasaki Professor Faculty of Economics, Chuo University I. Five Conditions for Changing the Economic Environment 1) Advanced
More informationKazakhstan: key region for your business in Central Asia. Advantage Kazakhstan Ltd: key partner for your business in Kazakhstan. www.advantagekazakhstan.com Kazakhstan: Big Picture 1. One of the key countries
More informationCOMMUNICATION FROM THE COMMISSION TO THE COUNCIL
EUROPEAN COMMISSION Brussels, 14.10.2016 COM(2016) 652 final COMMUNICATION FROM THE COMMISSION TO THE COUNCIL European Development Fund (EDF): forecasts of commitments, payments and contributions from
More informationPerformance Derby: MSCI Share Price Indexes
Performance Derby: MSCI Share Price Indexes January 5, 2018 Dr. Ed Yardeni 516-972-7683 eyardeni@yardeni.com Joe Abbott 732-497-5306 jabbott@yardeni.com Please visit our sites at blog.yardeni.com thinking
More informationInfrastructure Policy Priorities for New Zealand
Infrastructure Policy Priorities for New Zealand The problem Transport investment international comparisons Funding gap Solutions: Debt financing: Infrastructure Bonds, PPPs Tax Increment Financing TIF
More informationIATA ECONOMIC BRIEFING MARCH 2011
IATA ECONOMIC BRIEFING MARCH 2011 WHAT DRIVES THE SIZE OF PREMIUM AIR TRAVEL MARKETS? WHY PREMIUM AIR TRAVEL IS AN IMPORTANT TRAVEL MARKET SEGMENT The premium (first and business class) travel segment
More informationBroadband as an opportunity for Development
Broadband as an opportunity for Development December 2013 Antonio García Zaballos http://www.iadb.org The Inter-American Development Bank Discussion Papers and Presentations are documents prepared by both
More informationGBTA BTI Outlook and Economic Forecast for Business Travel in Asia Pacific, Thailand and around the World
GBTA BTI Outlook and Economic Forecast for Business Travel in Asia Pacific, Thailand and around the World Research Sponsored by: Welf J Ebeling Vice President, Operations - Asia Pacific Global Business
More informationGovernment Keynote Address. Delian Dobrev, Minister of Economy, Energy and Tourism
Government Keynote Address Delian Dobrev, Minister of Economy, Energy and Tourism Bulgaria Your Investment Destination in Europe Munich 4 December 2012 Mr. Delian Dobrev Minister of Economy, Energy and
More informationShimamura Co., Ltd. (Consolidated) Consolidated Financial Summary and Forecast Consolidated Profit and loss statement
Shimamura Co., Ltd. (Consolidated) Consolidated Financial Summary and Forecast Consolidated Profit and loss statement Selling, General and Administrative Expenses Consolidated quarterly Profit and loss
More informationPerformance Derby: MSCI Regions/Countries Earnings & Revenues Growth 2018E / 2017E / 2016A
Performance Derby: MSCI Regions/Countries Earnings & Revenues Growth 2018E / 2017E / 2016A December 6, 2017 Dr. Ed Yardeni 516-972-7683 eyardeni@yardeni.com Joe Abbott 732-497-5306 jabbott@yardeni.com
More informationKINGDOM OF CAMBODIA NATION RELIGION KING 3
KINGDOM OF CAMBODIA NATION RELIGION KING 3 TOURISM STATISTICS REPORT September 2014 MINISTRY OF TOURISM Statistics and Tourism Information Department No. A3, Street 169, Sangkat Veal Vong, Khan 7 Makara,
More informationKINGDOM OF CAMBODIA NATION RELIGION KING 3
KINGDOM OF CAMBODIA NATION RELIGION KING 3 TOURISM STATISTICS REPORT March 2014 MINISTRY OF TOURISM Statistics and Tourism Information Department No. A3, Street 169, Sangkat Veal Vong, Khan 7 Makara, Phnom
More informationKINGDOM OF CAMBODIA NATION RELIGION KING 3
KINGDOM OF CAMBODIA NATION RELIGION KING 3 TOURISM STATISTICS REPORT June 2014 MINISTRY OF TOURISM Statistics and Tourism Information Department No. A3, Street 169, Sangkat Veal Vong, Khan 7 Makara, Phnom
More informationTRIPS OF BULGARIAN RESIDENTS ABROAD AND ARRIVALS OF VISITORS FROM ABROAD TO BULGARIA IN NOVEMBER 2018
TRIPS OF BULGARIAN RESIDENTS ABROAD AND ARRIVALS OF VISITORS FROM ABROAD TO BULGARIA IN NOVEMBER 2018 In November 2018, the number of the trips of Bulgarian residents abroad was 426.3 thousand (Annex,
More informationOutline of Honshu-Shikoku Expressway routes
[Outline] Outline of Honshu-Shikoku Expressway routes - The Honshu-Shikoku Expressway routes consist of the E28 Kobe-Awaji-Naruto Expressway connecting Hyogo and Tokushima Prefectures, the E3 Seto-Chuo
More informationCCBE LAWYERS STATISTICS 2016
Austria 31/12/2015 6.057 1.242 Belgium (OBFG) How many s are 81-2 Bulgaria - 2 Croatia - 5 Czech Republic - 40 Germany - 1 Greece - 3 Hungary - 6 Italy - 1 Liechtenstein - 1 Lithuania - 2 The Netherlands
More informationEUROPEAN CENTRE FOR DISEASE PREVENTION AND CONTROLInfluenza A(H1N1)v
Table 1: Reported new confirmed cases and cumulative number of influenza A(H1N1)v and cumulative deaths among confirmed cases by country as of August, 1: hours (CEST) in the EU and EFTA countries Confirmed
More informationEvaluation of the National Railway Reform in Japan
Evaluation of the National Railway Reform in Japan Paris, 8 th September, 2010 Takashi Yanagawa, Kobe University Ichiro Yoshino, Nagoya University of Commerce & Business Kozo Harimaya, Ritsumeikan University
More informationTRIPS OF BULGARIAN RESIDENTS ABROAD AND ARRIVALS OF VISITORS FROM ABROAD TO BULGARIA IN FEBRUARY 2018
TRIPS OF BULGARIAN RESIDENTS ABROAD AND ARRIVALS OF VISITORS FROM ABROAD TO BULGARIA IN FEBRUARY 2018 In February 2018, the number of the trips of Bulgarian residents abroad was 379.5 thousand (Annex,
More informationThe economic geography of Japanese industrialization ( )
International Workshop on The Economic Geography of Long-Run Industrialization (ca. 1800-2010) International Institute of Social History, Amsterdam, 22-23 March 2018 The economic geography of Japanese
More informationZones metropolitaines: sources de croissance. Montreal, 7 Mai 2009
Zones metropolitaines: sources de croissance Montreal, 7 Mai 2009 Concentration matters Urbanisation: Percentage yearly change in total population living in large urban TL3 regions in the whole country;
More informationNext Release: 13 April Next Release: 13 April December
43070 Next Release: 13 April 2018 Next Release: 13 April 2018 December Date of publication: 15 March 2018 TABLE OF CONTENTS Charts 1 Gross consumption of natural gas by OECD region 3 2 Indigenous production
More informationROMANIA. Table 1. FDI flows in the host economy, by geographical origin. (Millions of US dollars)
Table 1. FDI flows in the host economy, by geographical origin World.... 2 196 6 435 6 485 11 333 9 928 13 910 4 843 2 939 2 522 2 746 Developed economies.... 1 521 5 361 6 309 11 445 9 136 13 422 4 812
More informationO 2 Call Options Explained
March 2013 www.nimans.net/networkservices Tel: 01937 847 500 O 2 Call Options Explained International & Roaming UK To Abroad (UK based calls) International Favourites DISE Only The International Favourites
More information1.4: Premium Air Travel: An Important Market Segment
CHAPTER 1.4 Premium Air Travel: An Important Market Segment SELIM ACH BRIAN PEARCE International Air Transport Association (IATA) The premium (first and business class) travel segment is an important market,
More informationDOMESTIC AND FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT REALIZATION IN QUARTER II AND JANUARY JUNE 2013
Invest in remarkable indonesia Invest in indonesia Invest in remarkable indonesia Invest in remarkable indonesia Invest in Invest in remarkable indonesia Invest in indonesia Invest in remarkable indonesia
More informationKINGDOM OF CAMBODIA NATION RELIGION KING 3
KINGDOM OF CAMBODIA NATION RELIGION KING 3 TOURISM STATISTICS REPORT October 2015 MINISTRY OF TOURISM Statistics and Tourism Information Department No. A3, Street 169, Sangkat Veal Vong, Khan 7 Makara,
More informationASAIHL Conference 2016, National Taiwan University, May Higher education and regional engagement: Taiwan and Southeast Asia Simon Marginson
ASAIHL Conference 2016, National Taiwan University, 18-19 May Higher education and regional engagement: Taiwan and Southeast Asia Simon Marginson ESRC/HEFCE Centre for Global Higher Education University
More informationConstruction Scheme of Shinkansen
Construction Scheme of Shinkansen *These slides were created and provided to IHRA by Ministry of Land Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism (MLIT), Japan. *No part of these slides may be reproduced in
More informationIntuition! Common Standards for Statistics on Inbound Domestic and Foreign Tourists by Prefecture
Common Standards for Statistics on Inbound Domestic and Foreign Tourists by Prefecture March.2012 Hiroyuki Kamiyama Director for Tourism Statistics and Tourism Satellite Accounts Japan Tourism Agency Background
More informationCover Pool ( mn.) 4, , , , , ,985.2 of which derivatives ( mn.)
Publication according to section 28 para. 1 nos. 1 and 3 Pfandbrief Act (Germany) Lettres de Gage publiques (covered bonds backed by public sector debt) outstanding and their cover pool Outstanding total
More informationGlobal robot installations: high double digit growth rates
' of units Global robot installations: high double digit growth rates 5 45 4 35 3 25 2 15 1 5 113 6 Estimated annual worldwide supply of industrial robots 28-216 and 217-22* +15% on average per year 121
More informationTRIPS OF BULGARIAN RESIDENTS ABROAD AND ARRIVALS OF VISITORS FROM ABROAD TO BULGARIA IN OCTOBER 2017
TRIPS OF BULGARIAN RESIDENTS ABROAD AND ARRIVALS OF VISITORS FROM ABROAD TO BULGARIA IN OCTOBER 2017 In October 2017, the number of the trips of Bulgarian residents abroad was 439.0 thousand (Annex, Table
More informationTRIPS OF BULGARIAN RESIDENTS ABROAD AND ARRIVALS OF VISITORS FROM ABROAD TO BULGARIA IN NOVEMBER 2017
TRIPS OF BULGARIAN RESIDENTS ABROAD AND ARRIVALS OF VISITORS FROM ABROAD TO BULGARIA IN NOVEMBER 2017 In November 2017, the number of the trips of Bulgarian residents abroad was 417.6 thousand (Annex,
More informationTRIPS OF BULGARIAN RESIDENTS ABROAD AND ARRIVALS OF VISITORS FROM ABROAD TO BULGARIA IN JANUARY 2018
TRIPS OF BULGARIAN RESIDENTS ABROAD AND ARRIVALS OF VISITORS FROM ABROAD TO BULGARIA IN JANUARY 2018 In January 2018, the number of the trips of Bulgarian residents abroad was 387.6 thousand (Annex, Table
More informationGODINA XI SARAJEVO, BROJ 2 TOURISM STATISTICS. Tourism in BIH, February 2017
number of nights GODINA XI SARAJEVO, 06.04.2017. BROJ 2 TOURISM STATISTICS Tourism in BIH, February 2017 In February 2017 tourists realised 56,042 tourist arrivals in Bosnia and Hercegovina which represent
More informationMessage to Investors. Mayor Kunio Hiramatsu
Message to Investors You can invest in Osaka City Bonds with confidence as we promise to make redemption of our bonds top priority. We are taking steps to further enhance IR and improve the market s assessment
More informationnominal value net present value risk-adjusted net present value*
Publication according to section 28 para. 1 nos. 1 and 3 Pfandbrief Act (Germany) Lettres de Gage publiques (covered bonds backed by public sector debt) outstanding and their cover pool Q3/2015 Outstanding
More informationJAL Group Announces Consolidated Financial Results for Full Fiscal Year 2011
JAL Group Announces Consolidated Financial Results for Full Fiscal Year 2011 TOKYO May 14, 2012: The JAL Group (JAL) announced today the consolidated financial results for the full fiscal year of 2011
More informationYoram Shiftan Transportation Research Institute, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology. Brno May 2016
Yoram Shiftan Transportation Research Institute, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology Brno May 2016 Improving accessibility of non auto modes public transportation Auto restrain policies (parking
More informationThe economic impact of ATC strikes in Europe Key findings from our updated report for A4E
pwc.com The economic impact of ATC strikes in Europe Key findings from our updated report for A4E Prepared for A4E Updates to our analysis since June 2016 Since releasing our Preliminary Findings in June
More informationPost Show Report. The 19th China International Pet Show (CIPS 2015) National Exhibition and Convention Center (Shanghai)
2015.11.4-7 National Exhibition and Convention Center (Shanghai) The 19th China International Pet Show (CIPS 2015) China Great Wall International Exhibition Co. Ltd. November 2015 Content OVERVIEW... 1
More informationSES Performance Scheme
SES Performance Scheme 12 th Florence Rail Forum 2 May 2016 Rolf TUCHHARDT European Commission, DG MOVE The Single European Sky policy initiative to improve the overall performance of air traffic management
More informationirport atchment rea atabase
irport atchment rea atabase Examples 539 Airports Four range sizes 50, 75, 100 and 150 km. Time series 00-015 30+ variables About ACAD The database contains catchment area information for 539 European
More informationAustralia. A: Definitions and sources of data
Australia A: Definitions and sources of data Data on foreign direct investment (FDI) in Australia are reported by the Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS). The definition of FDI is essentially in line
More informationFinancial Status of Aichi Prefecture
Financial Status of Aichi Prefecture November, 2016 Aichi Prefecture Contents Highlights P2 1. Overview P3 2. Fiscal Profile P10 3. Aichi Local Government Bonds P15 4. Appendix P22 1 Highlights Outstanding
More information,9. Cover Pool (Mio. ) 4.930, , , , , ,6 of which derivatives (Mio. ) - -7,3
Publication according to section 28 para. 1 nos. 1 and 3 Pfandbrief Act (Germany) Lettres de Gage publiques (covered bonds backed by public sector debt) outstanding and their cover pool Outstanding total
More informationGlobal economy and aviation do we have room to grow?
Global economy and aviation do we have room to grow? 18 January 2017 Brian Pearce Chief Economist, IATA Airline Industry Economics Advisory Workshop 2016 1 Room to grow? Looking through the cycle Potential
More informationTechnical Report for. Asian Barometer Survey Japan wave4
Institute of Political Science at Academia Sinica Technical Report for Asian Barometer Survey Japan wave4 July 21, 2016 Central Research Services, Inc. 1 [RESEARCH DESIGN] - Research Method:
More informationCROATIA. Table 1. FDI flows in the host economy, by geographical origin. (Millions of US dollars)
Table 1. FDI flows in the host economy, by geographical origin World 1 307 1 153 2 107 1 210 1 844 3 228 4 928 5 941 3 566 515 1 511 1 370 Developed economies 1 207 1 113 1 719 1 190 1 885 3 093 4 775
More informationA CREATIVE AND INNOVATIVE NATION
A CREATIVE AND INNOVATIVE NATION 2016 WE PERFORM WELL IN OECD MEASURES New Zealand s educational, environmental, health and wellbeing measures are above the OECD average Source: New Zealand Treasury. OECD
More informationSummer Work Travel Season Program Dates by Country
The program dates are windows of opportunity for program participation. Within this timeframe, students are still subject to their university's official academic break schedule. Even though the window
More informationAirline financial performance and longterm developments in air travel markets
Airline financial performance and longterm developments in air travel markets March 2018 Brian Pearce, Chief Economist, IATA www.iata.org/economics % of invested capital Investor returns falling but above
More informationWorld Campus - Japan Program
World Campus - Japan Program 2017 www.worldcampus.org Unique Access to Japan includes Experiencing deep-rooted traditions & Cultures Experiencing modern Japan Experiencing Japan from inside perspective
More informationINTERNATIONAL TRAVEL AND TOURISM
INTERNATIONAL TRAVEL AND TOURISM YEAR 2014 1. INTRODUCTION This issue of the Economic and Social Indicators presents data on International Travel and Tourism for the year 2014. A brief on the compilation
More informationEffective for all tickets issued where American validation is used. IATA-approved locations classified by American as full service.
Commissions Base Commission Rates Agencies Located in 50 U.S, Puerto Rico, U.S. Virgin Islands and Canada Agencies Located Outside the 50 U.S., Puerto Rico, U.S. Virgin Islands and Canada Offshore/Trans-border
More informationELEVENTH AIR NAVIGATION CONFERENCE. Montreal, 22 September to 3 October 2003
4/8/03 English, French, Russian and Spanish only * ELEVENTH AIR NAVIGATION CONFERENCE Montreal, 22 September to 3 October 2003 Agenda Item 3: 3.1 : Air traffic management (ATM) performance targets for
More information% change vs. Dec ALL VISITS (000) 2,410 12% 7,550 5% 31,148 1% Spend ( million) 1,490 15% 4,370-1% 18,710 4%
HEADLINES FULL YEAR 2012 (PROVISIONAL) 1 Overall visits 31.148 million visits making 2012 the best year for inbound tourism since 2008 but not a record. 1% increase in visits on 2011 (30.798 visits) slightly
More informationINTERNATIONAL REGISTRY IN ORGAN DONATION and TRANSPLANTATION
INTERNATIONAL REGISTRY IN ORGAN DONATION and TRANSPLANTATION www.irodat.org Final Numbers 2016 December 2017 Dear colleagues On behalf of all IRODaT staff, we are glad to present the 2016 final numbers
More informationJNR(Japan National Railways) Reform. *No part of these slides may be reproduced in any form with out permission.
JNR(Japan National Railways) Reform *No part of these slides may be reproduced in any form with out permission. Timeline of JNR Reform 1872 1964 The first railway Opened (UK s cooperation) The first HSR
More informationLifeWatch, costing and funding. The LifeWatch e-infrastructure financial issues
LifeWatch, costing and funding The LifeWatch e-infrastructure financial issues LIFEWATCH architecture providing infrastructure services to users User groups can create their own e- laboratories or e-services
More informationInterim Business Report 2017
April 1, 2017 through September 30, 2017 November 22, 2017 Contents SECTION 1 01 Consolidated Statement of Income 02 Factors Leading to Difference in Consolidated Ordinary Income Compared With Same Period
More information1.0 Introduction Zambia s Major Trading Partners Zambia s Major Export Markets... 4
Bank of Zambia CONTENTS 1.0 Introduction... 3 2.0 Zambia s Major Trading Partners... 3 3.0 Zambia s Major Export Markets... 4 4.0 Major Source Countries Of Zambia s Imports... 5 5.0 Direction Of Trade
More informationHigh Speed Network in Asian Countries: China, Korea and Japan. Naoto YANASE UIC, Senior Advisor High Speed Paris, France
High Speed Network in Asian Countries: China, Korea and Japan Naoto YANASE UIC, Senior Advisor High Speed Paris, France Content Chinese high speed network Korean high speed network Japanese high speed
More informationSOUTHERN AFRICA TRAVEL AND TOURISM BAROMETER REPORT 2015
SOUTHERN AFRICA TRAVEL AND TOURISM BAROMETER REPORT 2015 1 Contents 1. TOURISM TRENDS: GLOBAL AND SOUTHERN AFRICA S MARKET SHARE IN AFRICA... 4 1.1. TOURIST ARRIVALS... 4 1.1.1. Global Tourist Arrivals
More informationANA Fact Book All Nippon Airways Co., Ltd. Contents
All Nippon Airways Co., Ltd. Contents 2 Domestic Passenger Market 4 International Passenger Market 5 Cargo Market 6 Haneda and Narita Airports 7 Global Alliance Statistics 8 Aircraft Specifications 9 Consolidated
More informationHigh Speed Rail & SHINKANSEN Nobukazu NAGAI Railway Bureau, MLIT May 11, 2015
High Speed Rail & SHINKANSEN Nobukazu NAGAI Railway Bureau, MLIT May 11, 2015 Topics 1. Why high speed rail (HSR) is preferred 2. Japan s experience in HSR project 3. HSR era has come to Sweden 4. JOIN
More informationGlobal Travel Trends 2005
Preliminary World Travel Monitor Results from IPK international for the ITB Berlin Message, 03/10/06 Global Travel Trends 2005 Based on the new data from the 2005 World Travel Monitor, and as it does every
More information5.3. Cannabis: Wholesale and Street Prices and Purity Levels
5. Prices: Cannabis 5.3. Cannabis: Wholesale and Street Prices and Purity Levels HERBAL CANNABIS Africa East Africa Ghana 51.0 39.2-62.7 1999 Kenya 0.2 0.1-0.3-2002 119.8-1996 Madagascar 1.3 1.1-1.4 100.0
More informationEuropean Performance Scheme
European Performance Scheme Global Challenges to Improve Air Navigation Performance Asilomar Conference Grounds, Pacific Grove, CA 12 February 2015 Rolf TUCHHARDT European Commission, DG MOVE The SES policy
More informationTHE GROWTH OF THE HOSPITALITY INDUSTRY IN DUBAI
THE GROWTH OF THE HOSPITALITY INDUSTRY IN DUBAI THE DEFINITION OF TOURISM Tourism is travel for recreational, leisure or business purposes. The World Tourism Organization defines tourists as people "traveling
More informationMarch 2015 compared with February 2015 Volume of retail trade down by 0.8% in euro area Down by 0.6% in EU28
03-2006 06-2006 09-2006 12-2006 03-2007 06-2007 09-2007 12-2007 03-2008 06-2008 09-2008 12-2008 03-2009 06-2009 09-2009 12-2009 03-2010 06-2010 09-2010 12-2010 03-2011 06-2011 09-2011 12-2011 03-2012 06-2012
More informationROAD SAFETY MANAGEMENT AND DATA SYSTEMS
PIARC International Road Safety Seminar Beijing, 18 th 2 th of October 25 ROAD SAFETY MANAGEMENT AND DATA SYSTEMS DR. JOSEF MIKULIK (mikulik@cdv.cz) DIRECTOR TRANSPORT RESEARCH CENTRE (CDV) BRNO, CZECH
More informationCountry (A - C) Local Number Toll-Free Premium Rates
Choose a number from the provided list based on the country that you re calling from. Numbers with Premium Rates are only available to Enterprise Groups that are subscribed to the BlueJeans Premium Calling
More informationBase Commission To all destinations 0%
Commissions Offshore/Transborder Ticketing American Airlines does not pay base commission for tickets issued by travel agents on itineraries originating within the territory of the United States, including
More information