History of Hokkaido. Contents

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1 グラフ北海道 HOKKAIDO

History of Hokkaido Around the 7th Century During this period, the Okhotsk culture is established. 658 According to the Nihon Shoki, Abe no Hirafu makes an expedition to Ezo (present-day Hokkaido).

Around 1550 Peace is established between the Kakizaki (later Matsumae) clan and the Ainu People.

2 History of Hokkaido Around the 7th Century During this period, the Okhotsk culture is established. 658 According to the Nihon Shoki, Abe no Hirafu makes an expedition to Ezo (present-day Hokkaido). Around the 9th Century During this period, the Satsumon culture is established The battle of Kosamaynu takes place. Around 1550 Peace is established between the Kakizaki (later Matsumae) clan and the Ainu People. 1 Together with the natural World Heritage Site called Shiretoko, Hokkaido s rich natural environment is blessed by safe and delicious foods and diverse energy resources. Hokkaido is also climatically different from Honshu and imbued with Ainu culture which promotes co-existence with nature, making the lifestyle of Hokkaido spiritually sound. With a uniquely creative brilliance displayed by each region, Hokkaido s potential and possibility have yet to be realized. Recently, many tourists from Asia have been visiting Hokkaido, and in 2008, Hokkaido garnered high international praise as the host of the Hokkaido Toyako Summit. Affected by various changes at home and abroad, Hokkaido now finds itself at a crossroads. This is the time to capitalize on Hokkaido s originality and excellence, which define what I call the value of Hokkaido. This value can be strategically used to make a richer, more beautiful Hokkaido a Hokkaido which continues to fascinate people from all over the world! By capturing the beauty of the four seasons, the wealth of distinct cultural activities of each region, and the developments of major industries, this information booklet was created in hopes of making Hokkaido s various charms known to an even wider audience. I sincerely hope that ties between people and exchanges related to culture and business continue to deepen, and that the dynamic aspects of Hokkaido can be enjoyed by all. Harumi Takahashi Governor of Hokkaido Red Brick Building This unique American Neo-Baroque building was constructed in 1888, restored in 1968, and designated as an important cultural asset in Contents Opening words from the Governor of Hokkaido History of Hokkaido Hokkaido at a Glance Spring Summer Autumn Winter Nature in Hokkaido Environmental Efforts in Hokkaido Agriculture Forestry Fishery Industry Food International Exchange Northern Territories Global Hokkaido Major Cities: Location and Transportation / Meiji / Meiji / Meiji / Meiji / Meiji / Meiji / Meiji / Meiji / Meiji / Taisho / Showa / Showa / Showa / Showa / Showa / Showa / Heisei / Heisei / Heisei / Heisei 20 The Hokkaido Toyako Summit is held / Heisei 21 The Japan-Pacific Islands Forum Summit Meeting is held in Hokkaido. Hokkaido s Toya Caldera and Usu Volcano are designated as the first World Geopark in Japan / Heisei 22 The Matsumae clan is entrusted with the Ezo trade agreement licensed by the Tokugawa shogunate. The Hokkaido Development Commission is established. Ezo is renamed Hokkaido and the island is divided into 11 regions and 86 districts. The population of Hokkaido is approximately 100 thousand. American Horace Capron is invited to advise the Hokkaido Development Commission. The first farmer-soldiers settle in Kotoni (965 people in 198 households). Sapporo Agricultural College is founded and American William S. Clark is called upon to become the assistant director. A railway is built between Sapporo and Temiya (Otaru). The Hokkaido Development Commission is abolished and three prefectures are established in Hokkaido: Hakodate, Sapporo, and Nemuro. The three prefectures are abolished and the Hokkaido Government is established. The inaugural sitting of the Hokkaido Legislature takes place. The first national census is conducted. The population of Hokkaido is approximately 2.36 million. An air route between Sapporo and Tokyo is established. The first Sapporo Snow Festival is held. The Centennial Commemoration of Hokkaido is held. A subway system is opened in Sapporo. The Winter Olympic Games are held in Sapporo. The Seikan Tunnel is opened (between Hakodate and Aomori). New Chitose Airport is also opened. A visa exemption agreement with the Northern Territories is implemented. The 5th Ramsar Convention Conference of the Contracting Parties is held in Kushiro City. Shiretoko is designated as a natural World Heritage Site. The Meeting of APEC Ministers Responsible for Trade is held in Hokkaido. 2

Boundless space, pure waters, majestic mountains A land blessed with an expansive natural environment of infinite potential and hope. Hokkaido.

3 Boundless space, pure waters, majestic mountains A land blessed with an expansive natural environment of infinite potential and hope. Hokkaido. Hokkaido at a Glance Hokkaido is the northernmost island of the Japanese archipelago. It covers an area of 83, km² (including the Northern Territories area of 5,036 km²), and comprises approximately 22% of Japan s total land area. Hokkaido is cool with low humidity, and has no rainy season. Hokkaido s summer is refreshing and is neither extremely hot nor humid. In winter, the region facing the Sea of Japan experiences heavy snowfall, but in the region facing the Pacific, clear skies prevail for relatively long periods. Hokkaido has some 5.52 million residents, about 1.89 million of whom live in Sapporo. Hokkaido s population accounts for roughly 4.3% of the national total. 3 4

4 Lily of the valley, Tsukigata Hokkaido Squirrel, Niseko Mount Yotei 春 SPRING With the melting of the snow comes the budding vegetation of spring; the flowers announce the season's late arrival. Goryokaku Park, Hakodate 5 6

5 春 SPRING Rape flower hill, Takikawa Lake Toya in the spring Tulip field, Yubetsu Matsumae Castle, Matsumae Japanese rose Moss phlox, Takinoue 7 8

6 Rafting, Shintoku Thoroughbred river-crossing, Niikappu Japanese Elm, Toyokoro 夏 SUMMER Summer sees the water's surface glitter with the breath of a refreshing breeze; the vivid colors of the land are resplendent through the short season. 9 Flower garden,nakahurano 10

7 夏 SUMMER Water lilies at the Shiretoko Five Lakes Sunflower field, Hokuryu Scoton Cape, Rebun Night view, Hakodate Ubagami Grand Shrine Togyo Festival, Esashi Wakka Primeval Flower Garden, Koshimizu White mustard and potato flowers, Kutchan 11 12

8 Pika (rock rabbit), Shikaoi Northern fox, Shikaoi Pine forest at the foothills of Mount Yotei 秋 AUTUMN The autumnal mountains reach high into the sky, with the visiting fall saturating the landscape in hues of red and yellow. Silver birch and Mizunara oak plantation, Kuromatsunai 13 14

9 秋 AUTUMN Coral grass at Lake Notori Marimo (algae), Kushiro & Akan Akan National Park Daisetsuzan Marimo (algae) Festival, Kushiro & Akan Cosmos flower fields, Biei Hell Valley, Noboribetsu Utasebune (3 mast fishing boats), Notsuke Peninsula 15 16

10 White swan Seal, Abashiri Drift ice, Abashiri Japanese crane in the morning, Tsurui 冬 WINTER Blanketed in white, winter is harsh. This world of white teaches us of nature's severity, but also of the pleasure we can take in snow. Cherry trees in snowfields, Niseko 17 18

11 冬 WINTER Jyozankei Hot Springs (public bathing facilities), Sapporo Snowman making Otaru Canal Sapporo Snow Festival Ezo deer White Illumination, Sapporo Ski resort, Kutchan 19 20

12 ウトロ Utoro The Sea of Okhotsk 硫黄山 Mt Iou 知床五湖 Shiretoko Five Lakes 羅臼岳 Mt Rausu 羅臼湖 Lake Rausu 遠音別岳 Mt Onnebetsu 知床岳 Mt Shiretoko Nemuro Strait Shiretoko Cape 羅臼 Rausu Date Recorded: 17 July 2005 Area: 71,000 ha Mount.Showa-shinzan Footpath 21 22

13 23 24

14 Fields 25 26

15 27 28

16 29 30

17 Ishikari Bay New Port Area 31 32

18 33 34

USA Anchorage/Chitose Aspen/Shimukappu Bloomington-Nomal/Asashikawa Canby/Iwamizawa Concord/Nanae Elizabeth/Kitami Fairbanks/Monbetsu Gresham/Ebetsu Hanford/Setana Homer/Teshio Knoxvill/Muroran

Maidson/Obihiro Canada Abbotsford/Fukagawa Ashcraft/Bifuka Barrhead/Kitami Burnaby/Kushiro Campbell River/Ishikari Camrose/Kamifurano Canmore/Higashikawa Castlegar/Enbetsu Charlottetown/Ashibetsu

Sparwood/Kamisunagawa Stettler/Okoppe Stony Plain/Shikaoi Summerland/Toyokoro Wetaskiwin/Ashoro Whitecourt/Yubetsu Russia Dorinsk/Nayoro Kholmsk/Kushiro Korsakov/Monbetsu Korsakov/Wakkanai

Vladivostok/Hakodate Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk/Asahikawa Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk/Hakodate Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk/Wakkanai Australia Clarence/Akkeshi Gold Coast/Takasu Goulburn/Shibetsu Lake Macquarie/Hakodate

Shanqiu/Teshikaga Sishuixian/Teshikaga Binzhoushi Binchengqu/Teshikaga Xiamen/Shiranuka New Zealand Cambridge/Bihoro Dunedin/Otaru Motueka/Kiyosato Napier/Tomakomai Selwyn/Yubetsu Timaru/Eniwa South

19 USA Anchorage/Chitose Aspen/Shimukappu Bloomington-Nomal/Asashikawa Canby/Iwamizawa Concord/Nanae Elizabeth/Kitami Fairbanks/Monbetsu Gresham/Ebetsu Hanford/Setana Homer/Teshio Knoxvill/Muroran Lexington/Shinhidaka Newport/Monbestu Palmer/Saroma Pocatello/Iwamizawa Portland/Sapporo Saipan/Noboribetsu Seaside/Shakotan Seward/Obihiro Sitka/Nemuro Springfield/Takikawa Tracy/Memuro Maidson/Obihiro Canada Abbotsford/Fukagawa Ashcraft/Bifuka Barrhead/Kitami Burnaby/Kushiro Campbell River/Ishikari Camrose/Kamifurano Canmore/Higashikawa Castlegar/Enbetsu Charlottetown/Ashibetsu Halifax/Hakodate Kawartha Lakes/Nayoro Kenora/Shimokawa Lacombe/Rikubetsu Lake Cowichan/Date Penticton/Ikeda Port Alberni/Abashiri Port Hardy/Numata Quesnel/Shiraoi Rocky Mountain House/Kamikawa Sparwood/Kamisunagawa Stettler/Okoppe Stony Plain/Shikaoi Summerland/Toyokoro Wetaskiwin/Ashoro Whitecourt/Yubetsu Russia Dorinsk/Nayoro Kholmsk/Kushiro Korsakov/Monbetsu Korsakov/Wakkanai Nakhodka/Otaru Nevel'sk/Wakkanai Novosibirsk/Sapporo Ozerskij/Sarufutsu Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky/Kushiro Poronaysk/Kitami Severo-Kurilsk/Nemuro Tomari/Teshio Ulan-Ude/Rumoi Vanino/Ishikari Vladivostok/Hakodate Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk/Asahikawa Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk/Hakodate Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk/Wakkanai Australia Clarence/Akkeshi Gold Coast/Takasu Goulburn/Shibetsu Lake Macquarie/Hakodate Mitchell/Honbetsu China Chaoyang/Obihiro Fushun/Yubari Guangzhou/Noboribetsu Harbin/Asahikawa Miluo/Akabira Pengzhou/Ishikari Qinhuangdao/Tomakomai Pizhao/Muroran Shenyang/Sapporo Tianjin/Hakodate Shanqiu/Teshikaga Sishuixian/Teshikaga Binzhoushi Binchengqu/Teshikaga Xiamen/Shiranuka New Zealand Cambridge/Bihoro Dunedin/Otaru Motueka/Kiyosato Napier/Tomakomai Selwyn/Yubetsu Timaru/Eniwa South Korea Chinju/Kitami Samch'ok/Akabira Suwon/Asahikawa Gang Seo-Gu, Seoul/Otaru Daejeon/Sapporo Austria Saalbach/Biei Saalfelden/Rankoshi Schladming/Furano Germany Munich/Sapporo Wasserburg/Bekkai Sweden Leksand/Tobetsu Solleftea/Esashi Finland Hausjarvi/Naie Kemijarvi/Sobetsu Philippines Beguio/Wakkanai Switzerland Saint Moritz/Kutchan UK East Dunbartonshire/Yoichi France Moirans-en-Montagne/Engaru Brazil Bastos/Engaru Norway Frogn/Hiroo Denmark Faaborg-Midtfyn/Noboribetsu Latvia Rujiena/Higashikawa 35 36

20 Etorofu Island Kunashiri Island Shikotan Island Habomai Islands Area Distance from main island of Hokkaido 37 38

21 39 40

Etorofu Island Wakkanai Nayoro Kunashiri Island Rumoi Shikotan Island Habomai

Rishiri Airport Wakkanai Wakkanai Airport Sapporo Furano Kutchan Tokyo *Chubu

Beijing Taipei Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk Guam Haboro Rumoi Nayoro Shibetsu Okhotsk

Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk Setana Iwanai Oshamanbe Ishikari Otaru Sapporo New Chitose

Yubari Asahikawa Airport Furano Obihiro Ikeda Kitami Tokachi-Obihiro Airport

Nemuro Esashi Hakodate Muroran Urakawa Hiroo Okushiri Airport Maizuru Niigata As

Airport Aomori Akita Hanamaki Yamagata Sendai Niigata Fukushima Narita Tokyo

Izumo * Fukuoka Tokushima * Hachinohe Akita Sendai Niigata Oarai Nagoya Tsuruga

Chubu *Kansai Tokyo Chubu *Itami *Kansai Railroad Tokyo Expressway sections in

22 Etorofu Island Wakkanai Nayoro Kunashiri Island Rumoi Shikotan Island Habomai Islands Yoichi Otaru Takikawa Asahikawa Kitami Abashiri Utoro Rebun Airport Rishiri Airport Wakkanai Wakkanai Airport Sapporo Furano Kutchan Tokyo *Chubu *Kansai Seoul Kimobetsu Chitose Shibetsu Seoul Busan Hong Kong Shanghai Dalian Beijing Taipei Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk Guam Haboro Rumoi Nayoro Shibetsu Okhotsk Monbetsu Airport Abashiri Oshamanbe Toyako Tomakomai Obihiro Kushiro Nemuro Seoul Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk Setana Iwanai Oshamanbe Ishikari Otaru Sapporo New Chitose Airport Mashike Sapporo Okadama ama Airport Asahikawa Takikawa Iwamizawa Tomakomai Yubari Asahikawa Airport Furano Obihiro Ikeda Kitami Tokachi-Obihiro Airport Memanbetsu et Airport Tancho Kushiro Airport Nemuro-Nakashibetsu Airport Kushiro Nemuro Esashi Hakodate Muroran Urakawa Hiroo Okushiri Airport Maizuru Niigata As of December 2009 Esashi Hakodate Aomori Ooma Muroran Tokyo Chubu Kansai Hakodate Airport Aomori Akita Hanamaki Yamagata Sendai Niigata Fukushima Narita Tokyo Shizuoka Matsumoto Toyama Komatsu Chubu Itami Kansai Kobe Okayama * Hiroshima Izumo * Fukuoka Tokushima * Hachinohe Akita Sendai Niigata Oarai Nagoya Tsuruga Tokyo Chubu *Itami *Kansai Samani Tokyo Nagoya(Komaki) *Kansai Hiroo Tokyo Tokyo Chubu *Kansai Tokyo Chubu *Itami *Kansai Railroad Tokyo Expressway sections in service Expressway sections under construction National higway Air route Ferry route Main ports *indicates seasonal operation only

Industrial Location and Infrastructure

Ⅵ Industrial Location and Infrastructure Ⅵ Industrial Location and Infrastructure 1.State of Plant Location 繊 Changes in the number of acquisitions of industrial land (Source) "Survey on plant location