T2 ASSESSMENT OF THE CURRENT TOURISTS MOBILITY IN THE REGIONS. D2.2. Tourist mobility report Case 2 (Emilia Romagna Region)

Transcription

1 T2 ASSESSMENT OF THE CURRENT TOURISTS MOBILITY IN THE REGIONS D2.2. Tourist mobility report Case 2 (Emilia Romagna Region)

2 Participants IBIMET, ITE, FVP, UJI Objectives Analyse the number of tourists and their typology Vehicle usage or travel habits The tourist access points The main touristic areas, In order to determine the potential of the solution in both regions identifying local and national stakeholders. Actions 1. Collection and analysis of data about: tourists profiles, tourist mobility habits and touristic areas, taking into account four scenarios in which tourists would use electric vehicles and charging infrastructure: (1) Cruises; (2) Main roads; (3) Airports and train stations; (4) Touristic areas. 2. Identification of local and national stakeholders. Deliverables D2.1. Tourist mobility report. Case 1 (Valencian Region) D2.2. Tourist mobility report. Case 2 (Emilia Rogmana Region)

3 STUDY AREAS 1) VALENCIAN REGION 2) EMILIA ROMAGNA REGION SCENARIOS 1. Cruise passengers 2. Train stations and airports 3. Main roads 4. Main touristic areas (no available in Spain) NEEDED INFORMATION 1. Tourists volume and profiles a. Number b. Origin c. Preferences d. Accommodation e. economical level f. average age g. family model h. 2. Tourists mobility patterns a. Places b. Itineraries c. Transport means d. Travel habits e. Road traffic intensity f. Cruises data g. 3. Interest touristic areas a. Places b. Accessibility c. Connections d. Available areas e. 4. Stakeholders

4 D2.2. Tourist mobility report. Case 2 (Emilia Romagna Region) 1. Tourists volume and profiles Number of tourists. General overview The Emilia Romagna Region publishes annually a Report on the tourist movement and the accommodation structure (hotel and complementary) of Emilia Romagna, with the collaboration of the Provincial Administrations that take care of the survey on behalf of ISTAT, of Unioncamere Emilia Romagna and the Osservatorio del Turismo dell Emilia Romagna. The goal is to return a continuously updated framework of the tourist phenommeno in the region. The published data from year to year refer to two surveys of public interest included in the National Statistical Program: - the survey of the customers movement in hotel and non-hotel accommodation establishments, which records the arrivals and overnights of Italian and foreign customers on a monthly basis by type and category, by municipality, by nationality of foreigners and by origin province or region of Italian customers - the measurement of accommodation establishments that records the number of establishments (and related beds, rooms and bathrooms) in the hotel and non-hotel sector at December 31 of each year The primary reference unit of reference for the two surveys consists of accommodation. It transmits its data on paper or electronically to the Provinces, which collects and processes the data, summarizes them in the ISTAT MOV / C (monthly) and transmits them to ISTAT and the Emilia-Romagna Region. The Region then processes the data by aggregating them by province and tourism área, then it disseminates them through the Annual Reports and the publications on its website. (Source:

5 Analyzing the number of foreign and Italian tourists, we note that the latter correspond to a high percentage compared to the former. Therefore, national tourism can have a bearing on the EV market, so both of these data will be reported below. The Region has divided the regional territory into tourist territorial areas, classifying five of them as follows: -Riviera -Capital Cities -Thermal Places -Appennino (mountain) -Other locations This division is currently under review, however this does not affect the time period of the present analysis. For Arrivals we mean the number of customers arrived, distinguished by foreign country or Italian region of residence who have checked in during the period considered. "Overnights" means the number of nights spent by clients in the hospitality establishments during the period considered. Arrivals (tourists entering the Region) in 2017 have increased by 7% compared to the previous year, for a total of 12.8 million. Fig.1. Arrivals and overnights in Emilia Romagna Region, Source: Osservatorio sul Turismo dell Emilia Romagna. In the Summer season, which runs from May to September, there is a growing turnout that has its peak for foreign tourists in July, while for the Italians the maximum turnout is distributed between June and August (Tab.1, 2, 3, Graph. T.2.1, T2.2, T2.3).

6 Tab.1 Number of foreign tourist arrived / 2017, Emilia Romagna. N TURISTI STRANIERI MESE Gennaio Febbraio Marzo Aprile Maggio Giugno Luglio Agosto Settembre Ottobre Novembre Dicembre Totale Periodo Graph T2.1. Number of foreign tourists arrived (Emilia Romagna Region)* Source: 1/turismo/turismo_movimento/tur_mov_loc

7 Tab.2 Number of italian tourist arrived from 2013 to 2017, Emilia Romagna. N TURISTI ITALIANI MESE Gennaio Febbraio Marzo Aprile Maggio Giugno Luglio Agosto Settembre Ottobre Novembre Dicembre Totale Periodo Graph T2.2. Number of italian tourists arrived (Emilia Romagna Region)* Source: 1/turismo/turismo_movimento/tur_mov_loc

8 Tab.3 Number of tourist arrived from 2013 to 2017 total- Emilia Romagna. N TURISTI IN TOTALE MESE Gennaio Febbraio Marzo Aprile Maggio Giugno Luglio Agosto Settembre Ottobre Novembre Dicembre Totale Periodo Graph T2.3. Number of tourists - total (Emilia Romagna Region)* Source: 1/turismo/turismo_movimento/tur_mov_loc

9 Analyzing arrivals and overnights compared to the territorial areas of tourism, we note that the most attractive of these are Riviera and Capital Cities. In general, however, all areas have a very positive growth in arrivals and overnights; in the Thermal and Apennine areas this growth is not so much performing (Graph T2.4). In particular with regard to overnights (Graph T2.5), the comparison of tables shows a considerable increase of them in the year 2017 compared to the previous years. In part, this demand was probably influenced by a very favorable weather situation.

10 Graph T2.4. Number of Arrival tourists compared to touristic areas 2013/2017 (Emilia Romagna Region)*. Source: Osservatorio sul Turismo dell Emilia Romagna.

11 Graph T2.5. Number of Overnights compared to touristic areas 2013/2017 (Emilia Romagna Region)* - Source: Osservatorio sul Turismo dell Emilia Romagna.

12 Number of tourists by access Among the Italian regions, Emilia Romagna has a foreign tourist presence that is higher than the Italian one (Istat 2015 data). Tab.3. Percentage of attendance on the national total (Italia 100%) Source: Istat 2015 Foreign tourists in Italy arrive mainly by car and coach (62%), by air (35%), the remaining 2% by ship or ferry, lastly 1% by train.

13 Tab.4. Means of transport which foreign tourists arrive in Italy. Source: For Italian tourists in 2016 the car is the main means of transport for tourist trips in Italy. The car reaches a percentage of use of 76.1% for holidays from 1 to 3 nights, and of 59.6% for holidays of 4 nights or more. The plane follows with 14.7%) and the train with 9.3%. As a preferred means of transport for tourism, the airplane has a percentage equal to 22.4% for long holidays and only 6.8% for short holidays (Source: Viaggiare in Italia: Piano Straordinario per la mobilità turistica , link: turistica pdf). Graph T2.6. Transfers by means of transport for Italian tourists in Italy. Source: Istat 2016,

14 The Emilia Romagna Region is at the center of the main Italian motorway, road, rail and port junctions. It is also served by 3 airports in Bologna, Parma and Rimini. A cycle network of regional corridors connects with the national (Bicitalia) and European (Eurovelo) networks. River traffic is also active. The main tourist characteristics will be identified below, where of course there are data available. Airport traffic From the "Annual Report on the Monitoring of Mobility and Transport in Emilia- Romagna - Chapter 10 - The airport sector" it appears that in 2016, among the 5 national airports that saw an increase in passengers compared to the previous years there are both Bologna and Rimini. Tab. 5. Passenger traffic in Italian airports 2016 Source: In 2016, air traffic in the region recorded a 12% increase in growth, corresponding to 8,114,526 passengers. Nearly 95% of the total passengers in the region have passed through Bologna. The Rimini airport was the first year of full-scale activity. The Parma

15 airport has seen a 3% increase in activity. The three airports have offset the closure of the Forlì (which took place in 2013). Graph T2.6. Number of passenger in regional Airports (Emilia Romagna Region)* Source: ap10_aeroportuale.pdf Bologna's Guglielmo Marconi Airport is currently the main regional airport. Accessibility to the airport is currently carried out exclusively by road transport, by highway and bypass, by bus services. Soon will be available a new vehicle that will connect the airport directly to the train station, the People Mover, a fast shuttle that takes about 7 minutes to cover the distance between the two points. Bologna Airport has always recorded a positive trend, closing 2016 with a new traffic record: over 7.6 million passengers. The increase was driven by passengers on international flights, amounting to 5,749,238 passengers (+11.5%), which today represent around 75% of total passengers. The national component (domestic flights, 25% of total flights), equal to 1,912,771 passengers, will also be added this year. The increase in passengers is probably due to the activation of new in-line connections both domestic and international (Catania, Dusseldorf, Dubai) and the strengthening of

16 some existing routes such as Madrid, Rome Fiumicino, Bucharest, Cagliari, Moscow, Copenhagen. The report shows that passenger growth is also related to the low cost component, which in 2016 was 58%, even if scheduled flights did not decrease. The charter fligh type is decreasing cause the habit of relying on tour operators offering flight / transfer / hotel packages has decreased, people prefer autonomous organization thanks to the huge offer available on the internet. Graph T2.7. Number of passenger in Bologna Airport Guglielmo Marconi (Emilia Romagna Region)* In 2014, the passenger profile is represented by 1/3 of the youth component under % of passengers live in Italy while 23% live abroad. The most represented countries are: Spain, United Kingdom, Germany and France. The preferred destinations arriving are: Emilia Romagna (31.7%), Tuscany and Marche. The preferred destinations at the start are: for Italy, the islands, while for Europe, Spain, France and Germany (Source: Società Aeroporto Marconi di Bologna,

17 In 2014, the number of tourists compared to the total number of passengers arriving at the airport was 35.7% (Graph T2.8). It is considered usable this percentage approximating it to 36% to make the same calculation for all passengers arrived in 2017 in the three airports (considering that 95% of passengers have arrived from the airport of Bologna). So in 2017, 8,639,881 passengers, 3,110,357, arrived in Emilia Romagna for tourism. Also from the study on the passenger s profile carried out in 2014 it was found that Emilia Romagna is the preferred destination of arrival from 31.7% of passengers. So to get the number of tourists who arrive to actually allocate in the Region we consider 32% of 3,110,357, equivalent to 995, passengers, which is approaching 1 million. Graph T2.8. Passenger profile in Bologna Airport Guglielmo Marconi (Emilia Romagna Region)* Source: Bologna Marconi Airport Company,

18 Tab.6. Number of passengers at national airports in We highlight the three regional airports. Source: i_traffico_2017_it.pdf Various works are underway to enlarge and modernize services and technologies at Marconi Airport with the aim of making it become a European-level airport. Following the sustainable management criteria, a Plan of actions for the energy and environmental development was shared, which means "Decarbonising" the Marconi Airport of Bologna by In this sense, the Emilia-Romagna Region, Metropolitan City, Municipality of Bologna, Municipality of Calderara di Reno, ADB, SRM and TPER signed a new Territorial Agreement in June 2015, which the economic, managerial and procedural commitments for the implementation of actions aimed at reducing CO2 are taken. These are the public and private accessibility that involves the construction of two important tracks, incentives for the use of public transport (realization of the People Mover, improvements on the efficiency of the Aerobus service and facilitated season tickets for employees) and for private vehicles, incentives for the use of electric hybrid vehicles. Going in the specifics, the actions are: -airport service shuttles for the transfer of passengers to the external parking lots, with reduced CO2 emissions;

19 -application of measures to reduce the use of private cars and incentivize the use of low-carbon vehicles by passengers; -application of contractual incentives for the provision of low-carbon-hire cars; -installation of charging stations for electric vehicles. (Source: ap10_aeroportuale.pdf) The Giuseppe Verdi Airport of Parma is four kilometers from the city center, and is served by the ring road, which allows the connection with the A1 motorway; the connection with the train station is guaranteed by a bus line. in 2016 Parma Airport, with 192,173 passengers (including general aviation and air taxi), recorded an increase of almost 3% compared to 2015, divided by 68.7% by the national component and 31.3% by the international one. In fact, from the analysis of national and international traffic data, it emerges that in 2016 passengers carried on domestic flights were more than 129 thousand, a decrease of 2.6% compared to the previous year, offset however by the increase in passengers on international flights almost 13% (59,917 passengers). In 2017, the number of passengers fell to Rimini "Federico Fellini" Airport is 8 km from the city, in Miramare. It is directly connected to the SS16 Adriatica and is 5 km from the A14 motorway. A bus service provides connection to the train station. In 2016, passenger traffic was substantially all-international, with 235,562 users, the national one being not significant (1,356 passengers). Overall there has been an increase in the number of passengers (including general aviation and air taxi) of over 52%. Within the international component, the contribution of the extra-eu area is particularly significant, accounting for almost 81% of total traffic, while passengers in the European Union accounted for almost 19% of the total. Rimini is in fact strongly linked to the Eastern European market, mainly with Russia and Moscow in particular, through the carrier Ural Airlines. Road and motorway traffic The A1 Milan - Naples motorway connects the region with important motorway junctions: to Parma with the A15 coming from La Spezia, to Modena with the A22

20 coming from the Brennero, to Bologna with the A13 coming from Padua - Venice and the A14 Bologna - Bari Easy connections also with the SS 309 Venezia - Mestre and the Superstrada E 45 Rome - Ravenna. The growth of the motorway movement is considered indicative of economic growth, is a constant of recent periods and supports the other indicators in signaling a positive evolution of the tourism movement in the region. The movement of motor vehicles exiting from the motorway toll booths of the Romagna Riviera in the period January-December 2017 recorded an overall growth of + 3.5% compared to the same period last year (Table 7). Following are the tables from 2017 to 2015 that identify the exits from the Riviera s toll booths of light traffic, related only to short wheel cars (cars, campers and caravans) and therefore directly attributable to the influx of tourists and hikers in individual positions through the section of the A14 motorway. The only data reported in the annual reports to investigate the movement of motor vehicles is the Tourism Observatory that the Region identifies the outlets of the motorway toll booths of the Riviera, so we refer to them. Tab 7. Exit from the motorway toll booths of the Riviera, light traffic, January December 2017 Source: Il Turismo in Emilia Romagna nel 2017, Osservatorio sul Turismo dell Emilia Romagna. In confirmation of the good performance of the summer, the movement of motor vehicles exiting at the motorway Riviera s toll booths in the same period (May- September) recorded an overall growth of + 2.4% compared to the same period last year (Tab. 8).

21 Tab 8. Exit from the motorway toll booths of the Riviera, light traffic during the bathing season, May September 2017 Source: Il Turismo in Emilia Romagna nel 2017, Osservatorio sul Turismo dell Emilia Romagna. Tab 9. Exit from the motorway toll booths of the Riviera, light traffic, January September Source: Il Turismo in Emilia Romagna nel 2016, Osservatorio sul Turismo dell Emilia Romagna. In the year 2016 (January-December), the movement of motor vehicles exiting at the motorway toll booths of the Riviera recorded an overall growth of + 4.5% compared to the year The toll booths that distinguished themselves most with traffic variations exceeding average were those of Cesena Nord (+ 5.0%), Valle del Rubicone (+ 8.9%), Riccione (+ 4.8%) and Cattolica (+ 5.3%), as shown in Tab.9.

22 Port traffic / ferries / boats The Port of Ravenna The Port of Ravenna is an excellent point of connection both on a commercial and tourist level. It is well connected both to the national and international railway network (line to Castel Bolognese and Bologna), and to the motorway level (via the Ravenna ring road). As for passenger transport, the Northern Sea Port System Authority (ADSP) in the northern area analyzed the total number of passengers (arrived with cruise ships and ferries) and then distinguished the cruise passengers: Tab.10. Number of passengers of cruise ships and ferries, 2016 anno Numero totale di cui crocieristi Graph. T2.9. Number of passengers of cruise ships and ferries, N totale di cui crocieristi Source: Emilia Romagna Region, Tourism sector As can be seen after the 2015 crisis, 2016 has begun to mark a positive growth trend on cruises thanks to the reactivation of the Italian and foreign markets, but has not yet reached levels adequate to the potential of existing infrastructures (Source:

23 2017). The number of cruise passengers for the year 2017, always provided by the Northern Sea Port System Authority (AdSP) in the northern area is equal to 50,133, the total number of passengers could not be detected. In any case, the number of passengers has increased slightly compared to In the region, in addition to the port of Ravenna, also called Port of Marinara, which is the main tourist port (with 750 seats for private boats), there are the following ports: -Marina di Cattolica port 80 seats -Riccione port given not found -Marina di Rimini port 630 seats -Bellaria Port given not found -Marina di Cesenatico port 300 seats - Marina di Cervia port 280 seats -Marina di Romea port (approdo privato, quindi non considerato nei dati regionali) -Marina di Porto Reno Casalborsetti given not found -Porto Garibaldi, Marina degli Estensi 300 seats -Volano port given not found -Marina di Goro e Gorino port given not found Source: The berths in these ports are used by habitual tourism, so it is difficult to find empty seats. Substantially private boat owners use their private boats as if they were apartments. Waterway traffic River tourism in Europe generates over 1.2 million arrivals for over 8 million overnight stays. In particular, the river tourism of the Po covers four regions, Piedmont, Lombardy, Emilia Romagna and Veneto, for a total of 445 municipalities, where 43% of the businesses are concentrated and 43% of the beds in the 13 provinces concerned. According to data, between 2014 and 2015 there was an increase in arrivals of 10% (equal to 256,000 units) and in the presence of + 9.8% (equal to 881,000 nights).

24 In particular, in 2015 the demand for river tourism in the Po areas was over 2.8 million arrivals for 9.9 million admissions. The Italian market still represents the largest share, with 67% of arrivals and 64.5% of presences, while foreigners are respectively 33% and 35.5%. The presence of Italians is much higher in the provinces of Vercelli (78.1%), Mantua (76.4%) and Parma (83.8%). The average tourist stay is 3.5 nights, worth over 3 nights total of tourism in the area: in particular, Italians have an average stay of 3.4 nights while foreigners stay for 3.8 nights. Po river tourism in Emilia Romagna involves 4 provinces, Piacenza, Parma, Reggio Emilia and Ferrara, for a total of 62 municipalities (Source: Tab.11. Tourist flows in the waterways, 2014 / 2015 Source: Here the trend in demand between 2014 and 2015 saw an increase in arrivals of + 5.6% for 37,000 tourists and 8% for visitors, for overnight stays. The national market covers 64.3% of the sector, even though in 2015 foreign tourists' flows increased by 8.5% compared to Italians who saw a 7.7% growth (Source:

25 Tab.12. Offer in the waterways, 2014 / (Source: romagna/). The average stay in accommodation facilities along the Po in Emilia Romagna is 5 nights: 4.8 nights for Italians and 5.5 for foreigners (Source: The Padano Veneto water system has an extension of 957 km, of which 564 km used for commercial purposes, consisting mainly of the bearing axis of the river Po, flanked by the Fissero Tartaro Canal Bianco canal up to the eastern Po (outlet in the sea) north of the system) and from the ferrarese waterway (outlet to the sea south of the system). Fig.2. Waterway system between Emilia Romagna and Veneto Regions.

26 Source: Along the Po and the connected waterways there are ports and river docks. The only public commercial port in Emilia Romagna is the river bank of Boretto (Reggio Emilia), which corresponds to the Terminal of Emilia Centrale (TEC). The other commercial ports in the Veneto area are: the port of Rovigo (on Fissero-Tartaro-Canalbianco); in Lombardy there are the ports of Revere and Ostiglia (recently completed) the port of Mantua (on Fissero-Tartaro-Canalbianco) and the port of Cremona. The ports and the tourist landings are numerous (even if not always of quality), so much so that every coastal town has one or more of one, and there is also a fair number of private docks for commercial use, that is infrastructures connected to activities set up along the waterway system and regularly dealt with, which signal the greatest liveliness of movement. The Idrovia Ferrarese provides a series of interventions for the redevelopment and enhancement of all areas and territories annexed to the river. In these areas are identified interesting potential for exploitation for tourism purposes, which are part of a broader plan to upgrade the so-called "slow tourism" (Source: The extraordinary landscape and cultural heritage of these areas will therefore be able to benefit from rehabilitation and recovery actions that will take the form of development opportunities. Through a shared and strategic management of "slow tourism" along the waterways it will be possible to enhance the typical local products, the accommodation facilities and the recreational activities connected to them. But not only: it will be possible to trigger partnerships between institutions and individuals to promote responsible tourism and create a sustainable vision of the future. One of the main objectives is the construction of a real "sea district" for the economic and commercial development of the territory, which can be implemented through the creation of a network of production chains that creates a system of trades and professionalism linked to the sea and to the Idrovia Ferrara. The use of the waterway for commercial purposes offers considerable advantages also in terms of safety and respect for the environment, in fact it is estimated that the external costs, which include those relating to pollution (water, air, soil and noise), to the land consumption and accidents related to inland navigation can be estimated, for tkm of goods transported, to 1/18 of those on the road.

27 Tab.13. External costs in relation to transport modes Source: Railway traffic The regional railway network covers about 1400 km. Passengers carried in 2016 correspond to about 45.5 million per year, which corresponds to about 152,000 passengers on an average winter working day. There is a growing interest in the use of the train. In the winter period the growth of the ascents from 2000 to 2016, on the National Network, is 23%, with a peak reached in 2015 of 25% and then a slight settlement in 2016 (the "daily" adjustment between 2015 and 2016 was 2,600 users equal to about 2% of the total). In the summer period, growth was around 31% with a gradual increase compared to the winter figure. The overall trend of passengers transported, which therefore includes both the Regional Network and the National Network, has grown from 33% to approximately 33% from 2004 to Below we report the data of an investigation found in February 2018 drawn up by the Company IRTECO sas of Turin, received the mandate from the Emilia Romagna Region for the service of "Passing the passengers up and surveying the Origin and Destination of passengers who boarded the trains at 51 railway stations "of interest to the Region. The survey activity was therefore divided into two distinct complementary survey targets:

28 Target 1: counting of passengers on the trains departing from each of the 51 railway stations surveyed Target 2: interviews with a sample of departing passengers with trains serving passengers at the 51 railway stations. The surveys took place between November and December 2017 and covered all categories of trains (regional, regional fast, intercity, night intercity, eurocity, white arrow, silver arrow, high speed). In these 51 stations, 134,200 passengers were detected per day. Approximately 21,000 direct interviews were carried out that collected the travel information of about 26,500 passengers, ie about 20% of the passengers detected a day. Of these 26,500 passengers, 17.2% arrive at the station on foot and, arrived at their destination, continue on foot; 10.7% arrive by car and continue on foot; 7.7% arrive on foot and continue by car; 7% arrive by train and continue by car; another 7% arrive by bus and continue on foot. Graph T2.10. Main interchange relations between the vehicles before and after the use of the train Source: 1/indagini-ferroviarie

29 Another interesting question asked by the sample of 21,000 people for the present analysis is the one concerning the reason for the move. Approximately 19% of respondents move for "tourism / leisure / free time". Since statistically a sample of 10,000 people is universally representative, then it can be estimated that 20% of passengers per year arriving in the Region are for tourism and the like. So 9.1 million passengers arrive in Emilia Romagna for tourism and leisure. There is no data to understand how many of these are passing and how many stop. Graph T2.11. Reason for moving in percentage Source: 1/indagini-ferroviarie In the annual railway sector monitoring report for 2017 an analysis was made of the data relating to Sunday and Saturday, both for the summer and winter 2016 campaigns; the results of the summer campaign are shown below: On the National Network it is noted that in the summer campaign the climbs / descents of Saturday and Sunday are respectively 90% and 74% of average working users; instead, for the Regional Network this figure is reduced to 68% and 9%, the latter mainly due to the fact that many lines are not active on Sundays. The analysis by

30 line shows that on Saturday there is an increase compared to the climbs / descents of the working average (about 10-20% more) in the lines with greater tourist vocation such as: Faenza-Borgo S.Lorenzo-Florence, Ferrara-Ravenna -Rimini, Bologna-Rimini- Ancona and Parma-La Spezia; Mi Muovo Bici in Treno subscription The Region has set up "Mi Muovo", an integrated charging system that allows the citizens of Emilia-Romagna to use different modes of transport (urban and suburban buses, regional and local trains), throughout the region, with the same ticket, paying the ticket price based on the route traveled and not the means used (Source: Among these season tickets there is "Mi Muovo Bici in Treno", reserved for residents in Emilia-Romagna, to travel with the bike on the regional trains equipped with Trenitalia and Tper (Transport Passengers Emilia-Romagna, is the public transport company born in 2012 from the merger of the transport branches of ATC, a road transport company in Bologna and Ferrara, and FER, a regional railway company) within the boundaries of the Region. The subscription can be purchased on any day of the year and is valid for 12 months, expiring the following year, at the day before the purchase (Source: "Mi Muovo" tickets work with magnetic stripe with electronic validators. In addition to train + bike services, the multifunction card allows access to "Mi Muovo in bus" and "Mi Muovo elettrico". Electric mobility in the Emilia Romagna region "Mi Muovo elettrico" is the regional plan for the development of electric mobility that was created to achieve an integrated approach, on a regional scale, aimed at ensuring the interoperability of the charging network and reducing the impact of the transport sector on pollution atmospheric and the increase in greenhouse gas emissions. Considering that the autonomy of the new electric vehicles are over 120 km, it is also possible to think of extra-urban mobility. For this reason, the Region has signed important agreements with the main electricity distributors (Enel, Hera and Iren) and with the main Municipalities, thus creating an innovative operational recharge infrastructure in all the provinces. The interoperability of the network is the possibility of

31 a user to recharge their cars at recharging points of different distributors. The Region has invited the electricity distributors to find an agreement in this sense: the distributors, although competitors, have decided to equip themselves with the same technology that, thanks to specific software, allows to credit the consumption on the single customer, regardless of energy provider (Source: Fig.3. The regional public charging network along the Via Emilia and the Adriatic. Source: cap.12 The plan is integrated with the Mi Muovo smart card which will shortly allow the use of all the services related to mobility in the entire region. With the same card it will be possible to take buses and trains to different cities, use bike sharing, car sharing, recharge the car and take advantage of all the mobility services that will be progressively activated in the region. To make electric mobility even more sustainable, the Region has requested that distributors supply only energy from renewable sources. It can be said that in Emilia Romagna, electric mobility aims to be zero emissions. Distributors have taken charge of the development of pilot projects, the cost of which is not borne by public administrations. In collaboration with the Municipalities it was possible to sign an agreement to harmonize the rules of access and stop at the Ztl for electric vehicles: from October 2012 electric cars can freely access the restricted traffic areas h24 and park for free in

32 the blue lines. The agreement is open to all the Municipalities wishing to join over the years (Source: Although the electric car market is slightly increasing in Italy, there are difficulties that need solutions. First of all Italy is the country in Europe that gives the lowest incentives (about 3,000 with the average 9,000), moreover there are few recharge columns, an element that disincentives a lot to the purchase of an electric vehicle. The price of the cars is definitely too high: on average it is around 30,000, on which the cost of the battery weighs 50%. From a study carried out it seems that the cost of lithium batteries has already dropped by 73%, and that car prices will decline over the next 20 years. The batteries, to date very heavy, will soon be much lighter and faster to recharge (Tesla). Still, European and international countries are setting themselves targets to completely eliminate gasoline or diesel cars within a certain year: Norway has defined 2025, and to discourage the purchase of gasoline / diesel cars has imposed heavy tax charges. The Netherlands will prohibit its circulation from 2035 with the aim of reaching 2050 with zero emissions, and will prohibit its sale from Germany has banned the circulation of petrol / diesel cars for 2030, while Italy set itself the objective of prohibition 2040, but without having a clear program in this regard. With such prohibitions of circulation of next application the entire economy that gravitates around the petrol / diesel vehicles will suffer a drastic decrease, because the electric means they need less maintenance and they are composed also of a smaller number of pieces. On the contrary, the demand for electricity will increase and therefore the entire market, in particular that of charging stations, batteries and renewable energy. Source: nasce-grande-mercato-dell-auto-elettrica/e33e e-11e8-9c04-ff19f6223df1- va.shtml Slow mobility - cyclotourism and excursionism - pathways Emilia Romagna is the first Italian region for the diffusion of cycle paths and it is the hub of the Del Sole e Vento national cycling routes. It has launched an innovative law on the cycling of the territory - In the región there are thousands of holiday

33 opportunities for cyclists, thanks to a selected circuit of Bike Hotels, 8000 km of trails, Bike Park in the Apennines and bike-friendly places. Sono tracciati a basso traffico, distribuiti nelle nove province: molti sono segnalati, altri identificati da guide e cartine. Si differenziano per lunghezza e difficoltà altimetriche e sono indicati per tre tipi di praticanti: sportivi, ciclo-escursionisti e amanti della mountain bike. They are low-traffic tracks, distributed in the nine provinces: many are reported, others identified by guides and maps. They differ in length and difficulty levels and are suitable for three types of practitioners: sportsmen, cycle-walkers and mountain bikers. The trend is positive: Emilia Romagna is the second Italian region after Trentino Alto Adige for cycling tourism, with 300,000 arrivals of bike tourists for a total of about 1.4 million attendances. This clientele is 85% foreign (mainly from Germany, Benelux, Austria, Great Britain, Switzerland, France, United States, Scandinavia). According to the data of Unioncamere, in 2016 Italy has counted 42 million bicycle touring presences with an economic impact of almost 5 billion euros. In order to allow residents and city users to live cities that are more and more on a human scale and to encourage biking tourism, the Emilia Romagna Region has launched the first law on cycling, unanimously approved by the Regional Council. The law provides for the construction of the first network of regional cycleways, from Piacenza to Rimini, new cycle and bicycle paths, new tourist cycle tracks and, in urban areas, new '30 zones' with reduced speed and traffic. The text also includes a maintenance plan for new cycle paths and the promotion of folding bikes to support the use of public transport. Among the objectives to be achieved there are the doubling of the percentage of travel by bike and on foot in the territory, halving by 2020 the number of road victims, new connections between the existing tracks, greater train-bike integration, services for cyclists, from repair to vigilance and contrast to bike theft. And for each new road built, a new cycle pathway is planned, even if not adjacent. The project also covers the national bicycle routes that cross the region. Source: With regard to hiking and walking there are 14 paths and pilgrims' roads that cross the region connecting it to the whole of Europe and to Rome in over 2000 km of itineraries. Three of these historical tracks are European and very ancient: the Via Francigena (which in the Middle Ages linked Canterbury to Rome and the ports of Puglia), the Romea Germanica (which connected Stade, in Lower Saxony, to Rome) and the Via

34 Romea Strata (from north and from east Europe to Rome). The paths that cross the region touch more than a hundred municipalities from Emilia Romagna and connect other important places of faith, from Padua to Assisi, to end in Rome and eventually in Brindisi and finally in the Holy Land. This network between January and September 2017 recorded an average of 5,800 monthly transits, with 19,000 overnight stays and an average stay of 2-4 nights per person. Source: CONCLUSION From the analysis of the number of tourists according to the means of transport to access the region, the main target audience is the tourists who reach the region by car, airplane and train. The latter is included as it was important for local tourism, also acts as a connector to other means of transport, such as for example the bicycle or walkers. Number of tourists according to main type of accommodation Arrivals and Overnights stay at tourist accommodation establishments, Emilia Romagna Region. The number of arrivals and attendances for all the accommodations is shown below, then distinguishing them by type: -Hotels (Hotels and similar) -Extra-hotels (Other accomodations) which include campsites and tourist villages, rented accommodation managed in an entrepreneurial form, agritourisms, Bed & Breakfast, and other types.

35 Graph T2.12. Arrivals in Hotels; holiday and other short-stay accommodation; camping grounds, recreational vehicle parks and trailer parks (Emilia Romagna Region) foreign italian total Tab.14. Arrivals in all accomodation establishments Arrivals in all accomodation establishments foreign italian total Source:

36 Graph T2.13. Arrivals in Hotels and similar accommodations (Emilia Romagna Region) foreign italian total Tab.15. Arrivals in hotels and similar accomodations Arrivals in hotels and similar foreign italian total Source:

37 Graph T2.14. Arrivals in Holiday and other short-stay accommodation; camping grounds, recreational vehicle parks and trailer parks (Emilia Romagna Region) foreign italian total Tab.16. Arrivals in other accomodations Arrivals for other accomodations foreign italian total Source:

38 Graph T2.15. Overnights in Hotels; holiday and other short-stay accommodation; camping grounds, recreational vehicle parks and trailer parks (Emilia Romagna Region) Foreign Italian Total Tab.17. Overnights in all accommodation establishments Overnights in all accommodation establishments Foreign Italian Total Source:

39 Graph T2.16. Overnights in Hotels and similar accommodations (Emilia Romagna Region) foreign italian total Tab. 18. Overnights in Hotels and similar accommodations Overnights in hotels and similar foreign italian total Source:

40 Graph T2.17. Overnights in other accommodations (Emilia Romagna Region) foreign italian total Tab. 19. Overnights in other accomodations Overnights for hotels and similar foreign italian total

41 Tab. 20. Number of tourists according to main type of accommodation (2017) Type of accomodations and categories Arrivals Overnights Totali Totali Esercizi Alberghieri Alberghi + RTA 4 o 5 stelle e sup Alberghi + RTA 3 stelle e 3 stelle sup Alberghi + RTA 1 o 2 stelle TOTALE Esercizi Alberghieri Esercizi Extra- Alberghieri Campeggi, Villaggi Turistici e in forma mista Alloggi in affitto gestiti in forma imprenditoriale Agriturismi (rural house) Bed and Breakfast Altre tipologie di esercizi ricettivi* TOTALE Esercizi Extra-Alberghieri Totale esercizi ricettivi TOTALE STRUTTURE Source: Servizio statistica Regione Emilia Romagna, fonte: strutture ricettive. We do not have enough data to relate the types of accommodation with the means of arrival of tourists (car, train, plane, port, river, bicycle), however we emphasize an interest in intensifying a network of EV connections between exits of the motorways (for coaches), the airports and the railway stations, separating the recharge s columns according to the recharge times based on the existing itineraries in the region. However, port and water tourism should not be underestimated, as tourists who arrive by these means could still be itinerant, therefore take advantage of EV vehicles. Number of tourists by country of residence In 2017 in the Riviera area for individual international markets, the most significant growth is in Russia (about + 25% in the period), Poland (about + 20%), the Czech Republic (about + 12%) and Germany (more than + 9%). Tab. 21. Number of tourists by country of residence 2017, Emilia Romagna Region Italian Region or Foreign Country Turisti Var.% ITALY Abruzzo Basilicata Bolzano Calabria

42 Campania Emilia-Romagna Friuli V.G Lazio Liguria Lombardia Marche Molise Piemonte Puglia Sardegna Sicilia Toscana Trento Umbria Valle d'aosta Veneto Totale Italia EUROPEAN UNION Austria Belgio Bulgaria Cipro Croazia Danimarca Estonia Finlandia Francia Germania Grecia Irlanda Lettonia Lituania Lussemburgo Malta Paesi Bassi Polonia Portogallo Regno Unito Repubblica Ceca Romania Slovacchia Slovenia Spagna Svezia

43 Ungheria Totale Unione Europea OTHER EUROPAEN COUNTRY Bielorussia Islanda Moldavia Norvegia Russia Svizzera e Liechtenstein Turchia Ucraina Altri Paesi Europei Totale Altri Paesi Europa EXTRAEUROPEAN COUNTRY Egitto Altri Paesi Africa Mediterranea Sud Africa Altri Paesi Africa Argentina Brasile Canada Messico Altri Paesi o territori Nord Americani Stati Uniti d'america Venezuela Altri Paesi Centro Sud America Israele Altri Paesi Asia Occidentale Cina Corea del Sud Giappone India Altri PaesiAsia Australia Nuova Zelanda Altri Paesi o territori Oceania Totale paesi Extraeuropei NOT SPECIFIED Non Specificato TOTAL FOREIGN COUNTRY GENERAL TOTAL Source: Statistical Service of the Emilia Romagna Region, accommodation facilities.

44 Tab. 22. New registrations of passenger cars by type of motor energy (2016) also valid for Emilia Romagna Region Total new cars Electricity Hybrid electricpetrol Plug-in hybrid petrolelectric Hybrid dieselelectric Plug-in hybrid dieselelectric EV+hybrid % EV % hybrid % EV + hybrid Norway 256,729 28,965 18,022 21, ,165 69, % 15.78% 27.06% Netherlands 112, ,916 29, % 26.61% 26.61% France 3,040,538 21,758 46,301 7,218 4, , % 1.52% 2.63% Germany 1,668,012 11,410 11, % 0.00% 0.68% United Kingdom 3,940,173 10,544 76,970 1,795 89, % 1.95% 2.27% Poland 1,899,039 6,847 6, % 0.00% 0.36% Austria 523,060 3,826 3,305 1, , % 0.63% 1.63% Switzerland 448,800 3,500 9, , % 2.21% 3.12% Spain 1,949,516 3,414 30, , % 1.56% 1.74% Sweden 598,091 2,993 13,621 8, ,326 26, % 2.28% 4.50% Belgium 836,204 2,061 15,692 1,301 19, % 1.88% 2.28% Hungary 354, % 0.00% 0.13% Ireland 111, % 0.00% 0.36% Finland 158, ,668 1, , % 2.94% 3.84% Lithuania 243, , , % 0.00% 0.82% Slovenia 98, % 0.00% 0.15% Turkey 1,206, % 0.01% 0.02% Croatia 172, % 0.00% 0.04% Liechtenstein 3, % 2.06% 3.61% Estonia 29, % 2.62% 2.73% Malta 22, % 0.69% 0.85% Cyprus 38, % 1.95% 2.00% Latvia 24, % 0.07% 0.15% Denmark 80, % 0.00% 0.00% Italy 1,848, % 0.00% 0.00% Source: Eurostat [road_eqr_carpda]. Last update 19/04/2018 The countries with the highest number of electric vehicles or hybrid vehicles are Norway and the Netherlands. However, by comparing this table 22 with table 21, a different target group for the Emilia Romagna region can be identified.

45 The target group is made up of both Italian regions and European and non-european countries. Among the Italian regions in the first place is Lombardy, followed immediately after Emilia Romagna, then Veneto, Piedmont, Lazio and Tuscany. We hypothesize that part of the tourists coming from Lombardy, Emilia Romagna and Veneto are the owners of second homes in the main tourist destinations of the region. A survey prepared by ACEA (The European Automobile Manufacturers' Association) on the Alternative Fuel Vehicle registration, confirms that in Italy in 2017 the registrations of new hybrid machines (Alternative Fuel Type = APV; Electrically- Chargeable Vehicles = ECV; Hybrid Electric Vehicle = HEV) have grown. Graph T2.18. New passenger car registration in Italy by Alternative Fuel Type. Source: in-fourth-quarter-39.7-in-2017 Tab. 23. New passenger car registration in Italy Q (Q=Quarter). Source:

46 European tourists staying in Emilia Romagna mainly come from Germany, France, Switzerland and Liechtenstein, Russia, the United Kingdom, Poland, Spain, followed by Belgium and Austria. By comparing these data with Table 22 we can state that they can all become part of the target group, as they all have an active electric and hybrid vehicle market. From another survey conducted by ACEA there is a positive result of what is expressed in table 22, in fact compared to one year ago (2016) AFV sales almost doubled in Spain (+ 90.8%), followed by Germany (+ 76.8%), the United Kingdom (+ 35.6%), France (+ 33.4%) and Italy (+ 30.7%). Graph T2.19. New passenger car registration in Germany by Alternative Fuel Type. Source: in-fourth-quarter-39.7-in-2017 Graph T2.20. New passenger car registration in France by Alternative Fuel Type. Source: in-fourth-quarter-39.7-in-2017

47 Graph T2.21. New passenger car registration in Swizerland by Alternative Fuel Type. Source: in-fourth-quarter-39.7-in-2017 Below we will report the number of Arrivals in Emilia Romagna according to the countries identified as target groups. Tab. 24. Number of tourists according to target groups REGIONE O PAESE ESTERO di residenza Turisti Gennaio Febbraio Marzo Aprile Maggio Giugno Luglio Agosto Settembre Ottobre Novembre Dicembre ITALIA Emilia-Romagna Lazio Lombardia Piemonte Toscana Veneto UNIONE EUROPEA Austria Belgio Francia Germania Polonia Regno Unito Spagna Russia Svizzera e Liechtenstein Source: Statistical Service of the Emilia Romagna Region, accommodation facilities.

48 Graph T2.22. Number of Italian tourists according to target groups Emilia-Romagna Lazio Lombardia Piemonte Toscana Veneto Source: Statistical Service of the Emilia Romagna Region, accommodation facilities. Graph T2.23. Number of foreign tourists according to target groups Austria Belgio Francia Germania Polonia Regno Unito Spagna Russia Svizzera e Liechtenstein Source: Statistical Service of the Emilia Romagna Region, accommodation facilities.

49 Number of tourists according to main reason to travel The data that follow will refer to the whole of Italy and not to the Emilia Romagna region, however comparing them with partial data already collected, it is taken as a reference percentage also for the latter. The ISTAT (2016) distinguishes data between Business Travel and Vacation Travel. In this ulterior the sub-categories investigated are: Pleasure / leisure; visit to relatives or friends; religious reasons / pilgrimage; health treatments / spa treatments. Tab. 25. Percentage of tourists on holiday and travel reasons (Istat 2016). Viaggi per motivo Tipo Dato viaggi - valori percentuali per 100 viaggi con le stesse caratteristiche Seleziona periodo 2016 Tipo di viaggio vacanza breve (1-3 notti) vacanza lunga (4 o più notti) viaggio di vacanza Motivo prevalente del viaggio vacanze piacere, svago 67,7 67,1 67,4 visita a parenti o amici 30,8 30,6 30,7 motivi religiosi, pellegrinaggio 0,5 1,1 0,8 trattamenti di salute, cure termali 1 1,1 1,1 Source: Data extracted the 30 May :39 UTC (GMT) da I.Stat 2016 Tab. 26. Means of transport and travel reasons (Istat 2016). Viaggi e loro caratteristiche Destinazione principale Italia Tipo Dato viaggi - valori percentuali per 100 viaggi con le stesse caratteristiche Seleziona periodo 2016 Tipo di viaggio Mezzo di trasporto prevalente aereo treno auto nave pullman camper, autocaravan mezzi non specificati tutte le voci viaggio di vacanza viaggio di lavoro tutti i tipi di viaggio 5,1 8,9 5,4 10,7 25, ,6 44,4 72,7 2,3 1,3 2,3 3,4 3,9 3,5 1,6 0,9 1,5 1,3 15,2 2,

50 Source: Data extracted the 30 May :39 UTC (GMT) da I.Stat 2016 We confirm approximately the already defined percentages of the choices of means of transport carried out by foreigner and Italian tourists. The car is the main vehicle, followed by train and airplane. Number of tourists by travel organisation Tab. 27. Type of reservation in relation to the type of holiday (short / long - holiday / work) (Istat 2016). Viaggi e loro caratteristiche Destinazione principale Tipo di prenotazione Mezzo di trasporto prevalente Paesi esteri Tipo Dato viaggi - valori percentuali per 100 viaggi con le stesse caratteristiche Seleziona periodo 2016 Tipo di viaggio vacanza breve (1-3 notti) vacanza lunga (4 o più notti) viaggio di vacanza viaggio di lavoro tutti i tipi di viaggio prenotazione diretta tutte le voci 70,3 41,8 49,3 41,6 48,2 prenotazione presso agenzia 14,3 29,4 25,4 35,9 26,9 nessuna prenotazione 15,4 28,7 25,2 15,2 23,8 non sa/non risponde 0 0,1 0,1 7,3 1,1 Italia totale prenotazione diretta 43,6 45,5 44,4 45,6 44,5 prenotazione presso agenzia 9 8 8,6 16,6 9,3 nessuna prenotazione 47,3 46,5 46,9 35,4 45,9 non sa/non risponde 0, ,4 0,3 Totale totale prenotazione diretta 45,9 44,6 45,2 44,6 45,2 prenotazione presso agenzia 9,5 13,1 11,3 21,3 12,3 nessuna prenotazione 44,6 42,2 43,4 30,5 42,1 non sa/non risponde 0,1 0,1 0,1 3,6 0,4 totale Dati estratti il 30 May :59 UTC (GMT) da I.Stat Legend: 0: il dato non raggiunge la metà della cifra minima considerata Source: About 44% of tourists in Italy (Istat 2016) prefers to book the holiday directly, 9% still rely on the agency, while about 45% do not make any reservation. Number of visitors according to length of stay

51 Tab. 28. Holidays longer than 4 nights, depending on the duration (2016). Vacanze di 4 notti e più Tipo Dato vacanze lunghe (di 4 notti e più) per durata - valori percentuali per 100 viaggi con le stesse caratteristiche Motivo prevalente del viaggio vacanze Tipo di viaggio vacanza lunga (4 o più notti) notti notti notti - 22 o piu' notti Seleziona periodo ,2 27,4 9,7 6,7 T ,8 13,3 4,3 9,6 T ,9 27,9 1,8 0,5 T ,5 30,2 14,8 8,5 T ,6 27,2 1,4 4, ,9 27,2 13,4 6,5 T ,2 22 7,5 4,4 T ,4 22,9 7,3 3,4 T ,4 17,6 9 T ,2 27,8 5, ,7 30,1 10,8 3,5 T ,1 15,8 2 0 T ,2 17,4 4,5 1,8 T ,1 36,4 15 4,5 T ,9 27,8 4,4 3,9 Dati estratti il 30 May :39 UTC (GMT) da I.Stat Source: The percentage of holidays from 4 to 7 nights has increased, an indication that tourists also move during the "long bridges" that exist during the course of the year (Tab.28). The highest average number of nights traveling, corresponding to 10.3 nights, occurs in the third quarter, between July and September, which is confirmed by the flows of tourists (Tab.29).

52 Tab. 29. Average number of nights traveling (Istat 2016). Pernottamenti in viaggio Seleziona periodo 2016 Destinazione principale Tipo Dato durata media del viaggio (pernottamenti) Tipo di viaggio vacanza breve (1-3 notti) vacanza lunga (4 o più notti) viaggio di vacanza viaggio di lavoro tutti i tipi di viaggio Paesi esteri 2,4 9,4 7,6 7 7,5 Italia 1,9 9,1 5,2 2,3 4,9 Totale 2 9,2 5,6 3,5 5,4 T Paesi esteri 3 8 6,9 4,1 6,4 Italia 1,8 6 3,1 2,1 3 Totale 1,9 6,6 3,7 2,4 3,5 T Paesi esteri 2,5 8,2 5,9 7,7 6,2 Italia 1,9 7,1 3,4 2,1 3,2 Totale 2 7,4 3,8 3,5 3,8 T Paesi esteri 2,3 9,9 8,9 10,7 9,1 Italia 1,9 10,3 7,6 3,6 7,5 Totale 2 10,3 7,8 5,7 7,7 T Paesi esteri 2,2 10,8 7,5 4,4 7 Dati estratti il 30 May :51 UTC (GMT) da I.Stat Italia 1,9 6,5 2,9 2,1 2,8 Totale 2 8,2 3,8 2,7 3,7 Source:

53 1.c. Preferences, Travel habits and Economical level From a survey carried out by the CNA on a sample of 350 people aged 20 to 40 (Italians and foreigners), and published in 2016 (Source: ) shows that tourists of this age (the so-called Millennials) choose where and how to holiday through the internet and they pay close attention to peer experiences. About 60% read internet reviews. The search for services such as WI-FI becomes the discriminating factor for the selection of the place / accommodation structure (97% choose accommodation based on this feature). They are very interested in the traditions and the history of the places, in fact 98% prefer the city centers and the villages. This is also confirmed by the increase in tourists seen in the provinces and cities of art. Young people tend to travel willingly in company, and only 28% of these prefer summer to travel (this too confirmed by the attendance charts during the year that have been reported in the previous paragraphs). "Booking (72%), AirBnB (51%) and Tripadvisor (50%) are the most used tools to organize the trip, during which they make extensive use of the Apps: in 52% of cases to book airplanes, in 47% to book trains, while one in four shares a ride in a car with Blablacar. Among the types of accommodation favor the hotel offer (45%), the offer of AirBnB (40%) and that in B & B (37%), but for the same price, 61% is still preferred by the hotel. And to eat? The choice falls (78%) on traditional restaurants, all with a daily budget of up to 155 euros. They love to know the territory where they go and are consequently very attentive to the story of relatives and friends (61%) that of social networks (26%). In 2015 the preferred destinations were Bologna (81%) and Rimini (63%), followed by Parma 51%, Ravenna 50%, Ferrara 48% and Modena 44%. The themes that attract the most are food and wine (76%), historical and cultural heritage (46%). While the types of events that attracted the most were concerts for young people (50%), gastronomic events (39%) and "contemporary music". Source:

54 1.d. Accommodation and Economical level A tourism report prepared by a researcher highlights that the ISTAT data do not give complete coverage of the tourist phenomenon in the statistics that it produces, in fact it only returns a partial representation of the attendances and arrivals, because the movement of tourists does not emerge in the homes owned, used directly or rented for vacation, or second homes. From some researches and sample surveys it has been estimated that the number of attendances detected by Istat through the hospitality establishments has more than doubled to have an order of magnitude of tourism in our country. Tab.30. Incidence on total attendance. Istat data compared to those estimated including "second homes". (Source: Il Turismo invisibile, G. Caselli, Osservatorio regionale sul turismo dell Emilia Romagna).

55 The researcher also points out that in the "2016 Italian Tourism Report", edited by Turistica - New Mercury Tourism Consulting and the Research Institute on Innovation and Services for Development (IRISS) of the CNR, a coefficient is calculated to pass from the presences detected by the 'Istat at the facilities with presences estimated in Italy. This coefficient is 1.75 for the movement of foreigners, 3.61 for that of residents and 2.69 for the total. In absolute values it means passing from a number of presences of just under 400 million to a value around one billion. The coefficient has very different values from region to region, for Emilia-Romagna the coefficient is slightly less than 2. Although the ISTAT remains a fundamental piece of information it is clear that it alone can not tell the dynamics of tourism in its facets. It is now necessary to equip themselves with new tools to measure tourism, which can take into account and dialogue with apps and platforms like Airbnb. "Recently a Sociometric report was presented," Factor Sharing: the economic impact of Airbnb in Italy ", which measures the value generated by Airbnb for the Italian economy. During 2015, the contribution of the Airbnb community to the creation of national added value amounted to 3.4 billion euros, 0.2 percent of total GDP, supporting the equivalent of 98,400 jobs. Some estimates for 2016 indicate the turnover of Airbnb in Italy at almost 4 billion. For hosts who have decided to share their homes with travelers, the average annual revenue was 2,300 euros. The report also highlights other interesting aspects, in particular the greater propensity of Airbnb tourists to stay longer and spend more, especially in local communities and outside the traditional tourist circuit. Fig. 4. Expenses for foreign tourists Average spending per traveler and overnight.

56 (Source: Il Turismo invisibile, G. Caselli, Osservatorio regionale sul turismo dell Emilia Romagna). In 2016, tourist spending generated by foreigners in Italy grew by 2.3 percent. On average, a foreign traveler spends about 425 euros in Italy, 105 for each day of presence. Spending more are, as easily predictable, tourists who come from farther away and who often stay longer. Among the most interesting markets are the Chinese, with a tourist expenditure of over 1,500 euros, the US and the Russian. On the contrary, tourists from neighboring countries are those with the lowest per capita expenditure, justified by tourism made by many arrivals and few attendances. 47% of foreign tourists spending is earmarked for housing costs, 25% for catering, 21% for purchases and the remaining 8% for other types of expenditure. Tab.31. Expenses for foreign tourists Type of expenses. (Source: Il Turismo invisibile, G. Caselli, Osservatorio regionale sul turismo dell Emilia Romagna). 1.f. Average age and gender Tourists who stay alone generally have a mean age of 43 and are mostly men (67%). The male component prevails: 55% are males and 45% are females. Only in the 65- year-old class the two components have the same percentage.

57 Tab.32. Tourists by gender and age group, (Source: Approximately one fifth of tourists are aged between with a predominantly male prevalence (55.9% against 44.1% of females), children / young children represent 12.8% of tourists, while 10.7% consists of guests aged 65 and over. Graph. T2.24. Percentage of tourists by age group, (Source:

58 Graph. T2.25. Tourists by age group and source, g. Family model A sample survey carried out in the Region in 2015 shows that about 60% of tourists (Italian and foreign) are present with the family, about 22% are staying alone, the (Source: remaining 21% reaches the destination with a group. (Source: Tab. 33. Percentage of tourists based on the company Source: In general the stays are longer for those who move with the family.

59 2.a. Places, itineraries, Connections, Accessibility The territorial areas of tourism in which the Region divides are the Riviera, the Capital Cities, the Spa Resorts, the Apennines, Other locations. "Other Locations" means places and itineraries outside the traditional tourist circuits: for example, the municipalities of Carpi and Maranello (Mo), Rubiera (RE), Fidenza, Collecchio and Colorno (Pr), or Sassuolo and Imola (the latter, together, since 2016 promote the new tourist product Ceramic Land, and speaking of artistic ceramics, do not forget the Faenza ones). They are localities that aim to the promotion of art and craft products, services or niche events or other that distinguishes their peculiarity, which is recognized and sought after by the tourist. The Region has elaborated several guides to convey to tourists the main itineraries available, distinguishing them from each territorial tourist area, but also highlighting, for each province, the existing roads and food and wine routes "Roads of wines and flavors" with the selection of products typical IGP and D.O.P. For each city and area are specified naturalistic sites, historical and art, entertainment, spa resorts, ski resorts, monuments. Fig. 5. Identification of the Roads of wines and flavors and typical products I.G.P. e D.O.P. Source:

60 Fig. 6. Identification of the sites of the Adriatic Riviera, the cities of art, the Apennines and the Green, the Baths, the Motorvalley. Source: The region has set up a constantly updated tourist information site with all the main routes divided by category of interest or means of travel: with the camper, on horseback, historical and cultural itineraries, by bike, on foot in the countryside, spiritual itineraries. Each category refers to a specialized site where the tourist can find all the information regarding the existing itineraries, the shelters, the hotels and the restaurants along the route, the connections with other itineraries. In some it is also possible to download a smart phone app (Source: Regarding the "Tourism of the Way" the region from February 2018 established, in collaboration with APT Servizi Emilia Romagna (regional tourism promotion body), the ministry of cultural and tourism assets and activities, and the referents of each Way, a site dedicated on the Cammini dell'emilia Romagna that connects with the First official atlas of the Cammini of Italy, of which 11 green routes fall in the region. The site identifies all the routes, each of which has a dedicated page of detail, where you can find all the data necessary to make the journey safely, are shown the staging points and overnight stays, in the region and outside the region, and then there are the references for further details of each stage and possible connections with other sites of interest.

61 Fig. 7. Location of the Walkways in the Emilia Romagna Region. Source: This network of paths will be integrated with the hiking network of the region, which has geo-referenced all CAI and non-existent paths, identifying points of interest (shelters, refreshment points, springs, connection with other means of transport, cultural and environmental emergencies, etc...) updated for now for the year Source: Fig. 8. Map of the hiking network of the trails in Emilia Romagna. Source: