1 st Experimental High School of Thessaloniki «Manolis Andronikos» Biodiversity

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1 1 st Experimental High School of Thessaloniki «Manolis Andronikos» Biodiversity Kasseropoulos Grigoris Kintzonidi Vivi Kouthouridou Aliki Koutelidou Dionisia Ntouptsoglou Dimitris Ketikidis Lazaros

2 Greek Flora 1 st Experimental High School of Thessaloniki «Manolis Andronikos»

3 Flora Definition The plants of a particular region, habitat or geological period

Flora of Greece 1. National Park of Prespes 2. National Park of Olympus 3. National Park of Vikos 4. National Park of Pindos 5. National Park of Oitis 6. National Park of Parnassus 7.

4 Flora of Greece 1. National Park of Prespes 2. National Park of Olympus 3. National Park of Vikos 4. National Park of Pindos 5. National Park of Oitis 6. National Park of Parnassus 7. National Park of Parnitha 8. National Park of Sounio 9. National Park of Ainos 10. National Park of Samaria It is estimated that the number of species is more than 6,500. The wealth of the Greek flora is largely due to the approximately 750 species of endemic plants. 10 National parks

5 Endemic Plants Plants that grow in a certain area and have clearly limited geographic range (approximately 14% of total number of plants in Greece) Ophrys helenae

6 Greek flora in numbers Plant Families: 185 Plant Genera: 1072 Species: 5752 Subspecies: 1893 (total: 7655) Plant taxa: 6600

coastline and thousands of islands and rocky islets) 270 areas Natura 2000 400 wetlands High

7 Factors of lush vegetation Geographical formation between three continents Mediterranean climate Diverse geological substrates Altitudinal gradation Marked horizontal partition (Europe's longest coastline and thousands of islands and rocky islets) 270 areas Natura wetlands High Endemism (c %) 1 in 5 plant species AREA Germany U.K. France Greece PLANT SPECIES Germany U.K. France Greece

8 Mt. Olympus IMPORTANT INFORMATION Elevation: 2,918 m (9,573 ft, Highest mountain of Greece) Prominence: 2,355 m (7,726 ft) Distance from Thessaloniki: 100 km First National Park of Greece (1938)

9 Endemic plants of Olympus Jankaea heldreichii In Olympus there have been observed and recorded more than 1,700 species of higher plants, aka about 25% of the corresponding Greek flora. In the bare of trees alpine zone there are over 150 species of plants. 23 species of endemic plants.

10 Endemic plants of Olympus Achillea ambrosiaca, Alyssum handelii, Asperula muscosa, Aubrieta thessala, Campanula oreadum, Carum adamovicii, Centaurea incomplete, Centaurea litochorea, Centaurea transies, Cerastium theophrasti, Coincla nivalis, Erysimum olympicum, Festuca olympica, Genista sakellariadis, Jankaea heldreichii, Ligusticum olympicum, Melampyrus ciliatum, Ophrys helenae, Poa thessala, Potentilla deorum, Silene oligantha, Viola striis - notata, Viola pseudograeca

11 Factors of lush vegetation Intense geological relief Short distance from the sea Absence of glaciers Creation of many microenvironments

12 Aromatic and Therapeutic Plants

13 Οregano Aromatic, herbaceous, perennial, aboriginal and bushy plant οf the Mediterranean and Central Asia. Origanum vulgare

14 Oregano Pharmaceutical properties; 1. Antidiarrheal. 2. Antiinflammatory. 3. Bactericidal. 4. Used against the weakness of intestine. 5. Expectorant for the Cough. 6. It helps against hypertension and arterial hardening. 7. Oregano oil used for toothache. 8. Against chronic rheumatism.

15 Sage Perennial, bushy, with numerous branches up to half a meter, it is found in all regions of Greece and mainly in dry and stony sites. It has intense aromatic odor and is cultivated for its pharmaceutical qualities as beverage and seasoning. Salvia ftuticosa

16 Sage Pharmaceutical properties; 1. In decoction form; ideal for the treatment of mouth in case of injuries, thrush, pharyngitis and against gingivitis. 2. It reduces intestine gases, 3. Diuretic and emmenagogue, hemostat, local skin anesthetic, 4. Antibiotic, antifugal, antispaspodic and hypoglycemic action, 5. Stomach, stimulant and cardiotonic qualities 6. Used against neuralgia. 7. The leaves have antiseptic, expectorant and spasmolytic qualities.

17 Rosemary It contains tannin and essential oil, which is extracted by distillation mainly from the peaks of the flower stems. Flowers; they are preferred by bees, because they are sources for the production of honey. Leaves; they contain a liquid used in the preparation of medicine for rheumatism, for oral irritation and cough. Shoots; essential oil used in perfumery, creation of soaps, manufactures of insecticides. Rosmarius officinalis

18 Rosemary Use in traditional medicine; 1. Cure for each disease for the viscera 2. It whitens our teeth and treats every illness of the teeth 3. It prevents nightmares 4. It heals our wounds and treats cancerous ulcerations 5. It protects against germs etc.

Spearmint Name: Alteration οf the greek aptly-named «MINT». Perennial herb which has exquisite fragrance with refreshing effect. The exact origin is difficult to be determined.

19 Spearmint Name: Alteration οf the greek aptly-named «MINT». Perennial herb which has exquisite fragrance with refreshing effect. The exact origin is difficult to be determined. It is native to the biggest part of Europe and in most of the Mediterranean countries. Although it has similar qualities with peppermint, spearmint has clearly milder effects than peppermint, mainly due to the very low levels of the stimulant substance menthol. Menta spicata

20 Crocus It belongs to the best quality of saffron in the world. It is part of the most dear and precious spies of ancient civilizations, for the perfume, the color, the pharmaceutical and aphrodisiac qualities. It appears with many and various utilities. It is used in pharmaceutics, pastry making, cookery, cheese, drink and spaghetti production and painting. Crocus sativus

digestion, Reduces abdominal pain, hysterics, convulsions, whooping

21 Crocus Used as emmenagogue, as antispaspodic and stimulant. Soothes the pains of the kidneys, Stimulates the appetite, Facilitates digestion, Reduces abdominal pain, hysterics, convulsions, whooping cough and nervous colic Helps the treatment of piples, inflammations and diseases.

Mountain tea Widely used in mediterranean countries, such as greece, as a beverage Potential pharmaceutical qualities such as antiinflammatory, analgesic, antioxidant, protective qualities

22 Mountain tea Widely used in mediterranean countries, such as greece, as a beverage Potential pharmaceutical qualities such as antiinflammatory, analgesic, antioxidant, protective qualities to the gastrointestinal system and the mitochondria, immunomodulatory and antibacterial Contains substances that inhibit the reuptake of serotonin, dopamine and noradrenaline Sideritis scardica

23 Greek Wetlands

24 Wetland definition Wetland is an area covered by shallow water, or never covered by water, but the substrate is wet for a long time in the year. The substrate of wetlands can be soil, sand, gravel, etc. Wetlands have special ecological importance, due to the diversity of species and densities of populations living in them.

25 Types of Wetlands Wetlands Natural Artificial Rivers Lakes Alikes Rice fields Delta Mouths Artificial Lakes Moor Roots

26 Legislation to protect Greek wetlands The most significant protection conventions of wetlands are Ramsar and Natura. Greek regions that belong in Natura treaty are 359 and they extend to ha

27 The Ramsar convention 10 Greek wetlands are protected by the Ramsar convention, covering 163,501 ha 1.Lake Kotihi and forest Stofillias 2.Messologi Lake 3.Amvrakikos gulf 4.Prespes Lakes 5.Delta Axios - Loudias - Aliakmonas and Alikes Kitros 6.Volvi and Koronia lakes 7.Kerkini lake 8.Delta Nestos 9.Vistonida Lake, Ismaritida lake 10.Delta Evros

28 Prespas lakes Prespes are located on the borders of Greece with Albania and FYROM. Prespes are located at an altitude of 857m the big one and at 852 the small one.

29 Axios Delta Axios is the biggest river that crosses Macedonia and the second one of Balkans, with length of 380 Km. It s width reaches 600m and it s depth reaches 4m. Axios crosses Macedonia and ends at Thermaikos gulf, it is the nearest to Thessaloniki wetland.

30 Alikes of Kitros Alikes are located in Pieria. The extent of salt production reaches t per year. The wetland of Alikes is included to Axios and Aliakmonas delta.

31 Kerkini lake Kerkini is an artificial lake which was created in 1932 following of the creation of dam in Strymonas river. Kerkini is one of the most important habitat of migratory birds

32 Endangered species The term endangered species includes those animals which are threatened with disappearance in the near future Endangered species are categorized as: critically endangered, endangered and vulnerable.

33 Endangered species The most well-known endangered animals are the monachus-monachus seals, certain dolphins, red deers, pelicans, kareta-kareta turtles, brown bears and wolves

34 Main threats For sea animals Trapped while fishing Oil spills Noise pollution Climate change Eating plastics All other animals Intensified livestock pharming Expanded cities Loss of natural habitats Illegal hunting Poisoned baits

36 Bird Migration Bird migration is the regular seasonal movement between breeding and wintering grounds. Most people equate bird migration with the migration of swallows, but dozens of species of birds migrate every year. As autumn goes by, migratory birds leave in groups their breeding grounds to spend the winter in areas with more temperate climate.

Bird Migration The mild winters, the important wetlands, the extended phryganic ecosystems and the olive groves attract various species of migratory birds in Greece.

37 Bird Migration The mild winters, the important wetlands, the extended phryganic ecosystems and the olive groves attract various species of migratory birds in Greece. The Evros Estuaries, the Porto Lagos lagoon, lake Kerkini and other wetlands are areas of global significance for species such as the Ciconia ciconia, the Phoenicopterus, the Anser erythropus, the Branta ruficollis, the Phalacrocorax pygmeus, the Aquila heliacal and for many more rare species.

38 Bibliography Διαχείριση Φυσικών Πόρων Α Λυκείου, ΟΕΔΒ, 2009 (Greek school book for management of natural resources) n_pou_fytrwnoun_sthn_ellada/category/environment (Article; Eleanna Manesi, Environmentalist - Forester) pecies (Endemic Plants, Management Agency of Olympus National Park) (Flora, Management Agency of Olympus National Park) World Wildlife Fund Greek Biotope-Wetland Centre Hellenic Ornithological Society

Forms of Natural Protection in Greece

Forms of Natural Protection in Greece 105 th Primary School of Thessaloniki NATIONAL PARKS AND PROTECTED AREAS The irregular and constantly increasing human intervention in nature and the relentless exploitation