Castles. 1. Castle of Drishtit.

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1 Castles In territory of Albanian there are a series of castles which dates from antiquity in middle ages. Some of these places are still nowadays habituated (Berat). The most important ones are Rozafa castle, Lezha, Gjirokastra, Butrinti, Porto-Palermo, Kruja, Petrela, Kanina. 1. Castle of Drishtit. It is situated in a distance of 6 km from Mesi s Bridge over Kir River. The village is still nowadays situated under the excavation place of old Drivatium. It was constructed during Roman antiquity as a place to live along Shkoder Kosovo Street and in the old antiquity was one of the fortresses channels that protected the city of Shkodra in IX century. Drishti became one of the most important fortifications of Zetes s Quinn and depended from Tivari s bishopric. Castle of Drishti is constructed in XIII century as Byzantine fortress. The city reached the peak of development in XIV till they win the independency from city of Shkodra. In 1442 Drishti was occupied by Venetians and afterwards was taken from Skanderbeg and in the end is occupied from Turi in The castle is situated in a hill high of 800 m. Inside castle walls still lives 11 families of the village that compose an neighbourhood. 2. Rozafa Castle. It is situated in rocky hill in the west side of Shkodra city. The city is washed from three rivers waters, those of Bunes, Drinit and Kirit. Rozafa is one of the most important Castles in the whole country and serves as the main tourist object in the city of Shkodra. The castle has Illyrian origin and the historian Tit Liri mentioned it as the the strongest country of Labeateve (Illyrian people in the front of Shkodra river). The Illyrian Quinn Teuta used this place as the base of her wars against Rome. The name Rozafa comes up in middle ages. Related to this names is based the legend which speaks about the so called keeping the given word and as a subject is the wall up of Rozafa, the youngest bride of the three brothers who build up the castle walls during the day and the walls being destroyed at night. In the entrance of the castle is the Rozafa bassorelievo and the limy-stone water that flows in the main entrance represents the breast milk of Rozafa, which according to the people tradition, was left open in order to feed her baby child. The castle shape of today is given by Balshaj feudal family during their period of reign. (XIV cent). Today, the most of castle s rests belongs to the Venetians period; anyhow we do see also sings of ottoman occupation. (shek XVI XVII) and Bushatllinjve ( cent XVIII XIX). Rozafa Castle s walls have a long distance of 880 m and surrounded surface of m2. Rozafa castle after a strong resistance has been occupied from ottomans in Other Objects founded inside the castle are water cisterns that date on XV century, the cathedral of XIII century which after

2 ottoman occupation has been returned to mosque. Also inside the castle there is the Rosafa Museum that explains all the periods that the castle had to pass through. 3. Petrela Castle. Situated in the national street of Tirane Elbsasan, 18 km away from the Capital of Albanian, Tirana. She is one of the most important tourist centres near by Tirana. The castle is built in rocky hill above the village to the same name. She has three-footed shape with two observation towers. Its first construction dates from the antiquity period, while today s shape dates from XV century. Petrela Castle it was part of protection and signaller system of Kruja Castle. These two castles communicated to each-other through fire exchanges. This castle has been under the command of Skanderbeg s sister, Mamica Kastriotit. Today, within the castles space there are restaurants services taking place. Here hence open beautiful landscapes which go through Erzeni s valley, hills with olives and mountains around. 4. Preza Castle. It s situated above the village to the same name, in the hill s crest. This is a small castle which started to be constructed in the beginning in XIV century and finished in the beginning of XV century from the feudal family of the region, called Topiajve. The castle is announced culture monument. In her corners the castle has four roundly towers. The watching tower is built around years It s distinguished for its beautiful position that sees over Tirana field. Also in front of the tower it is situated Kruja Castle. This Castle it is situated near by the International Airport of Nene Tereza in Rinas. In the castle are restaurants and service bars. 5. Kruja Castle. It s the main tourist object of the city of Kruja. The Castle is constructed during V-VI centuries. The castle has an elliptic shape of 804 m perimeter. Surrounded walls are fortified with 9 towers. In the highest part of the castle, north-east part, it is constructed the Watching Tower, that served for the observation and signalisation of Petrela and Durres Castles. The Museum can be found in the main entrance of the castle which is inaugurated in Besides the stands that explain Skanderbeg activities, in the museum you can also find bookstore, documents and publications with regard to the Skanderbeg personality. The museum has a memorial nature with such elements like stone arches, pictures in glass. etc. Inside castle walls there are houses and the small mosque of Dollmase. In the west part of the castle it is also preserved the ham am of XV century. 6. Lezha Castle. It is situated on the top of the hill of 186 m high in the east part of the city. The origin of the castle is Illyrian. In the year 1440 the castle has been subject of reconstructions by Venetians,

3 and in the 1522, after the ottoman occupation it is reconstructed also by them. Here you can find vestiges of Illyrians, Romans, Byzantines and ottomans. The most interested objects to be visited are ottomans constructions rubbles inside the castle, mosque, and the tower in the south-east wall with roman arch and Illyrian tower in the south wall of the castle. Lezha Castle is culture monument. You can see a beautiful landscape from there of Lezha country and Adriatik Sea. 7. Rodon Castle. It is situated in the Rodon s cape. The Prince, Karl Topia, wanted to transfer this place to a shipyard, meanwhile our National Skenderbeg, aiming to have a nigh cruiser built here a castle. This castle started to be built after the first Kruja embrace in year Rodon Castle s wall is 400 m longwise and in its corners there are dungeons. In the year 1500, the castle is invaded from Venetians. As a result of abrasive activities of sea waters, the castle walls are immersed into the Adriatik Sea. Today, all the visitors can easily see the external walls in the right side that ends with a dungeon. Near by the castle you can find also rubbles of Shen Pjetrit Church, which is considered from habitants as a saint place. 8. Bashtova Castle. It is situated near by the village of Bashtova in a distance of 3-4 km in the north part of Shkumbin s embouchure. The castle is constructed during XV century and has been in service of Venetians. Bashtova s region is mentioned as a river port and also a centre of grain exports. The castle has quadrangular shape with 60 x 90 m dimensions. West part of the castle has been reconstructed during XVIII century. The walls are 9 m high. 9. Peqini Castle. Its medieval castle constructed during XV century, but we think that it is constructed into antiques outlines. The castle is situated near by Shkumbin s river and passed through three phases of reconstruction. 10. Elbasan castle. It s a field castle in the city of Elbasan. It is firstly referred by Cristobel, Second Mehemet historian. In XVIII century, the city was visited from ottomans chronicler, Evlia Celepiu, who described in details the castle. During Austrian evasion the castle became object of full studies. The Austrian s archaeologists, Prashniker and Shober, who visited the castle during First World War and noticed that under medieval walls has fortifications of antique period. The castle has quadrangular shape with 308 x 48 m dimensions. Today we keep saved only 8 towers from 26 that have been in the very beginning of its construction. During the late antique period the city within the castle named Skampini, started its life as habituated centre in so called Egnatia street. The reconstruction of castle is done by Turkeys for strategic purposes. Even today the

4 castle is still habituated. Inside her we can still find very important Muslimism cult objects well Christians ones. as 11. Margelliçi Castle. It is situated near by the city of Patos. This is a castle of antique period of VII. century.b.c. It was part of satellite protection system of antique city of Bylis. The castle has been also battle object during Second World War. 12. Kanina Castle. It is situated 6 km far away from city of Vlora. This castled is mentioned since IV A.D century, even if there are discovered signs of Illyrian period. There is a thought that the castle has been constructed since III B.C century. Posterior signs belong to Byzantine, Venetians and Turkey s period. The castle has been reconstructed from Justiniani in V A.D century and afterwards been repaired from Sultan Sulejmani in The castle is situated on the top of the hill of 380 m high above sea-level. She has a surface of 3600 m2. Beautiful landscapes can be viewed from the castle towards Vlora city. 13. Ali Pasha Castle in Porto Palermo Bay It is a small castle situated in a very beautiful position in a peninsula in a small tectonic bay of Porto Palermo (knowed in antiquity as Bay of Panormes). The castle is no far from Qeparo village and has a pentagonal shape. Her dimensions are 150 x 400 m. The walls are 20 m high. Ali Pasha, constructed this castle in honour of his wife, Vasiliqise, as well to serve as control point. 14. Lëkursi Castle. It is situated 2 km on the south part of Saranda city. The castle has quadrangular shape where there is a tower in each corner. According to some quarries the castle is constructed in year 1537 from Sulejman Sultan, during his invasion campaign into Korfuz Island. The castle is situated into a very upmost hill ad offers a beautiful view. In the castle there is a restaurant. 15. Berat Castle. Berat Castle, a fortress landmark in the city of Berat, Albania, lies high above the Osum River. The castle dates back 2,500 years and records of its first conquering were accomplished by the Romans in 200 B.C. After many centuries of stone reinforcement, the exterior (perimeter) was enlarged slowly over time, under Byzantine conquerors, in the 5th, 6th, and 13th centuries. Currently the castle is in restoration due in part to a UNESCO World Heritage Site acknowledgement. (This is a welcome "gift" for the the residents of the castle who have been left under served as the city below has gotten much attention.)

5 Inside Berat castle houses many historical elements. A Mosque, "Red Mosque", which can be identified by it's lonely minaret (a staircase inside provides access to the top), more than 20 Christian churches, and a central museum which surrounds one of the largest Orthodox churches with many 16th century paintings, by "Master Onufri", and a decorative alter inside. (Many churches in Albania were destroyed during the Communist years as an "Atheist State" was declared during Enver Hoxha's reign.) Other architectural elements are court yards, a large cistern in the center, and numerous houses of stone in which the residents of the castle still occupy today; this is an absolute specialty in castle heavy Europe as it's one of the last remaining! Accessing the castle easily can only be done from the Southern side. Many people who continue to live in the castle enter and exit the Southern entrance as the Northern is a drop off to the Osum River, over 100m. If entering by foot, a 200m walk up the steep cobble stone hill from downtown Berat will be rewarding. Many residents of the castle prefer to take an afternoon bus that departs from the opposite side of the city, straight through town, and up a back route. 16. Durrës Castle Durrës Castle is a 5th-century castle, located in Durrës, Albania. The castle was built by the Emperor of the Byzantine Empire Anastasius I who originated from Durrës. At the time, Anastasius made the city one of the most fortified cities on the Adriatic. Repairs to the walls have been carried out since the devastating earthquake of Currently medieval walls nearly 15 feet (4.6 meters) in height and the three entrances of some of the fortification towers are preserved in nearly one-third of the initial length of the city castle walls. The castle was reinforced with several guard towers by the Republic of Venice and during the occupation of Albania by Ottoman Empire the wall was reinforced. The castle is now a popular Albanian tourist attraction in Durrës. 17. Gjirokastër Castle Gjirokastër Castle (Albanian: Kalaja e Gjirokastrës or Kalaja e Argjirose) is a fortress in Gjirokastër, Albania (historically known as Argyrokastro, a name then applied also to the castle). Gjirokastër Castle is situated at a height of 336 metres (1,102 ft). The castle dominates the town and overlooks the strategically important route along the river valley. It is open to visitors and contains a military museum featuring captured artillery and memorabilia of the Communist resistance against German occupation, as well as a captured United States Air Force plane to commemorate the Communist regime's struggle against the "imperialist" western powers.

6 The citadel has existed in various forms since before the 12th century. Extensive renovations and a westward addition were added by Ali Pasha of Tepelene after The government of King Zog expanded the castle prison in Today it possesses five towers and houses, the new Gjirokastër Museum, a clock tower, a church, a cistern, the stage of the National Folk Festival, and many other points of interest. The castle's prison was used extensively by Zog's government and housed political prisoners during the Communist regime. 18. Ali Pasha Castle (Tepelenë) Ali Pasha Castle (Albanian: Kalaja e Ali Pashës) is a castle in Albania. It is named after Ali Pasha of Tepelenë who resided there until The current fortress was rebuilt in 1819 from its surface with 3 towers. Until 1820 it was the second residence of Ali Pashe Tepelena. The castle described and pictured is popularly known as The Triangular Fortress. Built under Venetian dominion in the late 15th or early 16th century, it provided a stronghold for the Venetians on Corfu to exploit fishing, grazing, olives and timber in and around Butrint. The castle was the centrepiece of numerous conflicts with the burgeoning Ottoman Empire, and changed hands on several occasions. It was finally destroyed by a retreating French army in 1798 to prevent it falling in to the hands of Ali Pasha. The fortification attributed to Ali Pasha at Butrint lies some 2.4 kilometres (1.5 mi) due west at the mouth of the Vivari Channel. This in itself began life in the late 17th or early 18th century as a fortified estate centre belonging to a Corfiote family that farmed land on the plains south of the ancient city. Ali Pasha seized control of the structure around 1804 and carried out a series of defensive improvements including the installation of gun batteries. Given its small size it is unlikely that the fort functioned as anything more than a control over access from the sea to Butrint, and it can not be compared to Ali's more redoubtable fortresses in the region at Tepelena, Gjirokastra and Ioannina. 19. Fortress of Bashtovë Bashtovë Fortress is a fortress near the village of Vilë-Ballaj, today an administrative part of Rrogozhinë, west-central Albania. It is geographically situated near the right banks of Shkumbin River, about 6 kilometres (4 mi) upstream from its outflow into the Adriatic Sea. Historian Gjerak Karaiskaj has dated the building during the 15th century, as constructed by the Republic of Venice. However Alain Ducellier has asserted that the Venetians have built over an existing former structure which dates back to the 6th century, when the area was under the Byzantine Empire, during the Justinian dynasty.

7 In the past, the Boshtovë region was known as a trade harbor and as a centre for the export of grains. The fortress has a rectangular shape, 60 by 90 metres (200 by 300 ft). The western part of the fortress was rebuilt in the 18th century. Its walls are 9 metres (30 ft) high. 20. Borsh Castle Borsh Castle also known as Sopot Castle (Albanian: Kalaja e Sopotit) is a ruined castle near the village Borsh, Albania. This castle is also known as the Castle of Sopot by the name of the hill on which it is located. It was built in the fourth century BC. The castle was heavily damaged during the barbarian invasions of the fifth and sixth centuries AD, and it was rebuilt in the Middle Ages at which time it took its present name. 21. Castle of Gjon Boçari The Castle of Gjon Boçari is a castle of the 16th and 17th century in Tragjas, Albania. The castle was built by the Boçari family, one of the principal Albanian families of Tragjas, Vlorë, and southwestern Albania in the 16th and expanded in the 17th century. Modern members of the family include Gëzim and Ismail Boçari. The fortification features arrowslits for artillery openings in the walls. The northern and eastern corners of the castle feature large towers. The stone walls form a rectangle surrounding the courtyard and have a width of 1.25 metres (4.1 ft) and a height of 5.5 metres (18 ft).

8 KESHTJELLAT Ne teritorin e shqiperise gjenden nje varg keshtjellash te cilat datojne qe prej periudhave antike e deri ne mesjete.e vecanta eshte se disa prej tyre vazhojne te banohen edhe ne ditet tona.( Berati). Nder me te rendesishmet jane Rozafa, Lezha, Gjirokastra, Butrinti, Porto - Palermo, Kruja, Petrela, Kanina. 1. Kalaja e Drishtit Gjendet ne nje distance prej 6 km nga Ura e Mesit mbi lumit Kir.Fshati i sotem gjendet poshte vendgermimit te Drivatiumit te lashte. Ai u ngrit ne periudhen romake si nje vendbanim ne rrugen Shkoder Kosove dhe ne antikitetin e vone ishte njera prej fortesave zinxhir qe mbronin Shkodren.ne shek IX. Drishti u kthye ne nje fortifikim te rendesihem te mbreterise se Zetes dhe varej nga Dioqeza e Tivarit. Kalaja e Drishtit u ngrit ne shek e XIII si nje fortese bizantine.. Qyteti arriti kulmin e zhvillimit ne shek XIV derisa arriti edhe pavaresi nga Shkodra. Ne vitin 1442 Drishti ra ne duar te Venedikut, me pas u morr nga Skenderbeu dhe me ne fund u pushtua nga Turit ne Kalaja gjendet ne nje koder 800 metra e larte. Brenda mureve te kalase gjenden 11 shtepi te fshatit qe formojne nje lagje. 2. Kalja e Rozafes. Ngrihet mbi nje koder shkembore ne perendim te qytetit te Shkodres. Ajo rrethohet prej ujrave te tre lumenjve, Bunes, Drinit dhe Kirit. Rozafa eshte nje prej keshtjellave me te rendesishme ne te gjithe Shqiprine dhe objekti kryesor turistik ne qytetin e Shkodres. Kalaja ka origjine ilire dhe historiani Tit Liri e permend si vendi me i forte i Labeateve ( fis ilir ne brigjet e liqenit te Shkodres). Mbreteresh ilire Teuta e ka perdorur ate si baze ne luftrat kunder Romes. Emri Rozafa del ne mesjete. Me kete emer lidhet legjenda qe ka ne qender mbajtien e fjales se dhene dhe si subjekt eshte murosja e Rozafes,nuses me te re te tre vellezerve qe ngrinin muret e kalse por qe shembeshin naten.. Ne hyrje te kalase ndodhet bozorelievi i Rozafes dhe uji gelqeror qe deperton tek hyrja kryesore lidhet me fantazine popullore si qumshti i gjirit te Rozafes, i cili u la jashte gjate murosjes per te ushqyer foshnjen e saj. Formen e sotme kalaja e ka marre gjate periudhes se sundimit te families feudale te Balshajve ( shek XIV). Sot shumica e mbetjeve te kalse i perkasin periudhes veneciane, sidoqofte shihen gjurme edhe te periudhes se osmaneve ( shek XVI XVII) dhe Bushatllinjve ( shek XVIII XIX). Muret e kalase se Rozafes kane nje gjatesi prej 880 metrash dhe rrethojne nje sip prej 9 hektaresh. Rozafa mbas nje resistence te fushishme ran nen sundimin osman ne vitin Objekte te tjera brenda kalase jane cisternat e ujit te shek XV, katedraleja e shek XIII e cila pas pushtimit osman u kthye ne xhami. Po keshtu aty ndodhet edhe muzeu i Rozafes qe shpjegon periudhat e ndryshme te kalase.

9 3. Kalaja e Petreles. Ndodhet ne rrugen nacinale Tirane Elbsasan, 18 km larg nga kryeqyteti. Ajo eshte nje prej pikave kryesore turistike prane Tiranes. Kalaja ngrihet mbi nje koder shkembore siper fshatit me te njejtin emer. Ajo ka trajte trekendore me dy kulla vrojuese. Ndertimi I pare I saj I perket periudhes se antikitetit,ndersa forma e sotme I daton shekullit te XV. Kalaja e Petreles bente pjese ne sistemin sinjalizues dhe mbrojtes se kalase se Krujes. Keto kala komunikonin me njera tjetren nepermjet zjarreve. Kjo kala ka qene nen komanden e motres se Skenderbeut, Mamica Kastriotit. Sot ne ambjentet e kalase ka sherbim restoranti. Prej andej hapet nje pamje mjaft e bukur drejt lugines se Erzenit, kodrave me ullinj dhe maleve perreth. 4. Kalaja e Prezes. Ndodhet siper fshatit me te njejtin emer, ne kreshtetn e kodres. Kjo eshte nje keshtjelle e vogel e cila ka nisur te ndertohet ne shek e XIV dhe ka perfunduar ne fillim te shek e XV nga ana familjes feudale te zones, Topiajve. Kalja eshte shpallur monument kulture. Ne qoshet e saj kalaja ka kater kulla rrethore. Kulla e sahatit eshte ngritur rreth viteve Ajo shquhet per pozicionin mjaft te bukur, duke kontrollur fushen e Tiranes. Po keshtu perballe saj ndodhet kalja e Krujes. Kjo kala ndodhet fare prane aeroportit nderkombetar Nene Tereza te Rinasit. Ne kala ndodhen restorante dhe lokale sherbimi 5. Kalaja e Krujes. Eshte objekti kryesor turistik i qytetit te Krujes.Keshtjella eshte ngritur gjate shekujve te V-VI. Ajo ka trajte eliptike me nje perimeter prekj 804 metrash. Muret rrethuese jane te perforcuara nga 9 kulla..ne pjesen me te larte ne veri lindje ngrihet kulla e Sahatit, e cila sherbente per vrojtim dhe sinjalizim me kalane e Petreles dhe Durresin. Muzeu ndodhet ne hyrjen kryesore te keshtjelles.muzeu eshte peruruar ne vitin Krahas stendave qe shpjegojne veprimtarine e Skenderbeur ne museum mdodhen edhe bibloteka, dokumente dhe botime qe lidhen me figuren e Skenderbeut. Muzeu ka karakterin e nje memoriali dhe ka elemente te tilla si harqe guri, piktura ne xham etj. Brenda mureve te kalase gjenden disa shtepi dhe Teqeja e Dollmase. Ne perendim te keshtjelles ruhet edhe hamami i shek XV. 6. Kalaja e Lezhes. Ngrihet ne maje te kodre me lartesi 186 metra ne lindje te qytetit. Kalaja ka origjine ilire. Ne vitin 1440 ajo iu nenshtrua nje rindertimi nga venedikasit,ndersa ne vitin 1522 pas pushtimit osman u rindertua edhe nga ana e tyre. Ketu mund te shikohen gjurme te arkitekturave ilire, romake, bizantine dhe osmane. Objeket interesante per tu vizituar jane rrenojat e ndertesave osmane, brenda kalase, xhamia, kulla ne murin jug lindor me nje hark romak, dhe kulla ilire ne

10 murin jugor. Kalaja e Lezhes eshte monument kulture. Prej saj shihet nje pamje mjaft e bukur e fushes se Lezhes dhe e detit Adriatik. 7. Kalaja e Rodonit. Ndodhet ne kepin e Rodonit. Princi Karl Topia deshironte ta kthente kete vend ne nje kantier detar, ndersa heroi yne Kombetar Skenderbeu duke synuar qe te kishte nje dalje te afert ne det ngriti ketu nje keshtjelle. Kjo kala filloi te ngrihej mbas rrethimit te pare te Krujes ne vitin Perfundimi I saj mendohet te jete rreth vitit Muri i keshtjelles se Rodonit arrinte ne nje gjatesi prej 400 metrash dhe ne kulmet e saj kishte kulla te rumbullaketa. Ne vitn 1500 kalaja u pushtua nga venediku. Si rrezultat I veprimtarive abrazive te ujarave te detit nje pjese e mureve jane zhytur nen ujrat e detit Adriatik. Sot vizitoret mund te shikojne muret e jashteme te ane se djathte, te cilat perfundojne me nje kulle te rrumbullaket. Prane kalase ndodhet edhe rrenojat e Kishes se Shen Pjetrit, te cilat konsiderohen nga banoret si vend i shenjte. 8. Kalaja e Bashtoves. Ngrihet prane fshatit te Bashtoves ne nje distance prej 3-4 km ne veri te grykederdhjes se lumit te Shkumbinit. Keshtjella eshte ndertuar ne shekullin e XV dhe u ka sherbyer Venecianeve. Zona e Bashtoves eshte permenur si nje port lumor ne Shkumbin si dhe nje qender e eksportit te dritherave. Kalaja ka trajte kater kendore me permasa 60 x 90 mertra. Pjesa perendimore e saj eshte rindertuar ne shekullin e XVIII. Muret e saj kane nje lartesi prej 9 metrash. 9. Kalaja e Peqinit. Eshte nje kala mesjetare e nderuat ne shek XV por mendohet mbi themele antike. Bien ne sy frengjite per vendosjen e topave si dhe format e kullave qe jane poligolnale. Kalaja ndodhet prane lumit te Shkumbinit kalaja ka kaluar tre periudha rindertimi. 10. Kalaja e Elbasanit. Eshte nje kala fushore ne qytetin e Elbasanit. Ajo permendet per here te pare nga Kristobuli, historian e mehmetit te II. Ne shekullin e XVIII, qyteti u vizitua nga kronikanti ottoman Evlia Celepiu, I cili beri pershkrimin e kalase. Objekt studimi I plote kalaja u be nga arkeologet austriake Prashniker dhe Shober te cilet e vizituan gjate Luftes se Pare Boterore.Ata konstatuan se poshte mureve mesjetare kishte fortifikime te periudhes antike.kalaja ka forme kater kendore me permasa 308 x 48 metra.nga 26 kulla qe ka patur,sot ruhen vetem 8 prej tyre. Ne periudhen e vone antike qyteti benda kalase me emrin Skampini nisi jeten e vet si qender banimi prane rruges Egnatia.Rindertimi I kalase u be nga turqit per qellime strategjike. Sot muret Brenda kalse jane te banuar. Aty gjenden edhe objekte te rendesishme kultu sit e besimit mysliman ashtu edhe te atij kristian.

11 11. Kalaja e Margelliçit. Ndodhet prane qytetit te Patosit. Kjo eshte nje kala ae periudhes antike. Ajo ngrihet ne maje te nje kodre dhe I perket shek VII.B.C. Kalaja e Margelliçit Bente pjese ne sistemin mbrojtes satelit te qytetit antic te Bylisit. Kalaj ka qene gjithashtu edhe objekt i nje beteje edhe gjate Luftes se Dyte Boterore 12. Kalaja e Kanines. Ndodhet 6 km larg nga qyteti I Vlores. Kjo kala eshte permendur qe ne shekullin e IV A.D. me gjithate aty jane zbuluar gjurme qe te periudhes ilire. Mendohet se eshte ndertuar qe ne shek III B.C. Gjurme te mepasshme jane ato te periudhave bizantine, veneciane dhe turke. Kalaja eshte rindertuar nga Justiniani ne shek e V A.D dhe meremetuar nga sultan Sulejmani ne Kalaja ngrihet ne maje te nje kodre me lartesi 380 metra mbi nivelin e detit. Ajo ka nje siperfaqe prej 3.6 hektare. Prej kendej hapet nje pamje mjaft e bukur drejt Vlores dhe gjirit te saj. 13. Kalaja e Ali Pashait ne Gjirin e Porto Palermos. Eshte nje kala e vogel e vendosur ne nje pozicion mjaft te bukur ne nje gadishull ne gjirin e vogel tektonik te Porto Palermos ( ne antikitet e njohur si gjiri I Panormes). kalja ndodhet ja larg fashtit te Qeparoit. Kalaja ka forme pese kendore. Permasat e saj jane 150 x 400 metra. Latresia e mureve arrin ne 20 metra. Ali Pashai e ndertoi kete kala per nder te se shoqes, Vasiliqise. Ne te njejten kohe edhe si pike kontrolli. Gadishulli ku gjendet kalja eshte I mbuluar me shkurre mesdhetare gjithnji te gjelberta ndersa nga bedenat hapet nje pamje mjaft e bukur e detit ku dallohet edhe gjiri ku mendohet se lahej Vasiliqia. 14. Kalaja e Lekursit. Gjendet 2 km ne jug te qytetit te Sarandes. Kalaja ka forme kater kendore kun e secilin kend ngrihen kulla te rrubullaketa.. Sipas disa burimeve kalaja eshte ndertuar ne vitin 1537 nga Sulltan Sulejmani ne kuader te fushates se tij te pushtuar ishullin e Korfuzit. Kalaja ngrihet mbi nje koder mjaft dominante dhe ofron nje pamje te mbrekullueshme. Prej kendej mund te observohet nje distance me rreze deri ne 60 km. Ne kala ndodhet nje restorant. 15. Kalaja e Beratit Kalaja e Beratit eshte ngritur në një kodër 187 metra të lartë, në të majtë të grykës së lumit Osum. Fillimisht, një vendbanim protourban, në shekullin e VII-V p.e.s, si një pikë strategjike e rëndesishme, ajo u shndërrua në qytet kështjellë me mure që arrinin në gjatësi deri në metra dhe me një sipërfaqe prej 10 ha. Burimet historike deshmojne se prej këtij viti kalaja e Beratit ka qenë objekt i sulmeve të ndryshme. Në dokumenta të ndryshme historike të kohës gjenden një sërë emrash. Me emrin e lashte Antipatrea përmendet në vitin 216 p.e.s.. Nga romakët u quajt edhe Albanorum oppidium (fortesa e Arberve).Një nga monumentet më të

12 bukur, më të mëdha dhe më të rëndësishëm të historisë dhe kulturës shqiptare është padyshim kalaja e Beratit. Me formën e saj të spikatur në trajtë trekëndëshi ajo ngrihet mbi një kodër të lartë 187 m, e cila ndodhet në bregun e djathtë të lumit Osum, duke dominuar luginën e tij (Hëna Spahiu, Qyteti Iliro-Arbëror i Beratit. Tiranë 1990, fq. 9-11). Në të kaluarën siguria e kësaj kështjelle ka qënë maksimale, sepse projektuesit e saj e ndërtuan pikërisht në këtë kodër ku ana jugore bie thikë mbi Osum, anët lindore dhe perëndimore kanë pjerrësi të madhe ndërsa në anën veriore kodra ulet ëmbël drejt qafës së Biftës, duke siguruar komunikimin. Muret kanë një perimetër prej 1400 m brinja lindore e këtij trekëndëshi është e gjatë 620 m ndërsa dy tjerat janë të barabarta dhe janë të gjata 410 m (Berati, Historia dhe arkitektura Tiranë 1988, fq. 34). Ndryshe nga kështjellat e tjera kalaja e Beratit ka qenë e pajisur me 24 kulla të cilat emërtohen sot me emrin turk TABJE së bashku me muret ato i përkasin periudhave të ndryshme të ndërtimit që nisin qysh nga shekulli IV Pk dhe përfundojnë gjatë kohës së sundimit të Ali Pashë Tepelenës ( ). Brenda sipërfaqes prej 9.6 ha të kalasë ndodhen disa kisha, një pjesë e të cilave rrënojë, Sarajet turke, rrënojat e dy xhamive, sternat e ujit të quajtura Saranxha, sheshi i Sallabandës, sheshi i quajtur fusha e madhe etj. Ndërkohë që pjesën më të madhe të këtij oborrit të brendshëm e zënë një sërë rrugicash, kopshtesh, bacesh dhe shtëpi banimi të cilat përbëjnë lagjen e quajtur kala. Gjithsej ky monument ka katër porta komunikimi. Njëra prej tyre dhe pikërisht ajo që paraqet më shumë interes për shkak të elementeve përbërës të saj është ato e anës juglindore. Pasi kalon në të futesh në një oborr të fortifikuar, ku përpara të del një portë e dytë pikërisht në murin ballor të saj, në anën e djathtë të një harku (Apollon Baçe, qyteti i fortifikuar i Beratit, Monumentet 2, 1971, fq.43-63), ndodhet një monogram me tulla të kuqe që i përket ndërtimeve bizantine të vitit I ndërtuar ashtu si i gjithë kompleksi mbrojtës nga Despoti i Epirit Mihal I Porta me monogramin në formë kryqi me inicialet M.K. edhe sot ruan po këtë emër Porta e Mihal Komnenit. 16. Kalaja e Durrësit Kalaja u ndërtua nga perandori i Perandorisë Bizantine Anastasi I cili origjinën nga Durrësi. Në atë kohë, Anastasius e bëri Durrësin një nga qytetet më të fortifikuara në Adriatik. Riparime të mureve janë kryer që prej tërmetit shkatërrimtar të vitit Mureve mesjetare aktualisht rreth 4.6 metra në lartësi dhe tri hyrjet e disa prej kullave të fortifikimit janë ruajtur në gati një të tretën e gjatësisë fillestare të qytetit kala. Kalaja u përforcuar me disa kulla roje nga Republika e Venedikut dhe gjatë pushtimit të Shqipërisë nga Perandoria Osmane muret u përforcuar. Më 7 prill 1939, patriotët shqiptarë luftuan në muret e kalasë fashistët italian që pushtuan Shqipërinë. Në Durrës, një forcë prej vetëm 360 shqiptarë, kryesisht xhandarëve dhe banorë të qytetit, të udhëhequra nga Abaz Kupi, komandant i xhandarmërisë në Durrës, dhe Mujo Ulqinaku, një zyrtar detarë, u përpoq për të ndalur përparimin e italianëve. Të armatosur vetëm me armë të vogla dhe tre automatikë, ata patën sukses në mbajtjen italianët në gji për disa orë

13 deri sa një numër i madh i tankeve të lehta zbarkuan nga anijet detare të këtij të fundit. Pas kësaj, rezistenca zvogëluar dhe brenda pesë orëve Italia kishte pushtuar të gjithë qytetin. Kalaja është tani një objekt i tërheqjes turistike në Durrës. 17. Kalaja e Gjirokastrës Kalaja e Gjirokastrës si histori e lidhur me qytetin e Gjirokastrës, përmendet për herë të parë si qytet dhe kështjellë në vitin Në këto vite, ajo ishte qendra e feudalëve shqiptarë Zenevisë. Më vonë, gjatë sundimit të Gjin Bue Shpatës, ajo u përfshi në Despotatin e Epirit. E megjithatë historianë të ndryshëm mendojnë se ekzistenca e kalasë së gurtë është më e hershme. Sipas tyre, kalaja ka pas dy faza ndërtimi, të cilat lidhen me periudhën para dhe pas Pashallëkut të Janinës dhe fortesave të Ali Pashë Tepelenës. Nga Kalaja mesjetare, ajo e para pushtimit të Ali Pashës, ruhen vetëm pak gjurmë pasi muret janë veshur deri në lartësi nga ndërtimet e reja. Ndërsa, kullat pjesërisht janë rrënuar dhe ripërshtatur. Sipas kronikanit turk, Çelebiu, i cili vizitoi qytetin më 1672: Kalaja ishte ndërtuar në kohë të moçme. Krejt prej guri të gdhendur. Në mes të kalasë ndodhej një rrugë e gjerë me drejtim lindje-perëndim, në të dy anët e së cilës ndodheshin 200 shtëpi. Ajo kishte dy porta hekuri me nga tri palë dyer dhe një hendek 100 hapa të gjatë dhe 200 hapa të gjerë midis namasgjahut dhe fortesës. Ndërsa të tri anët e tjera nuk kishin nevojë për hendek pasi janë përrenj natyrorë. Në vitin 1417, Kalaja u pushtua nga turqit pas një rrethimi të gjatë. Me kalimin e viteve, ajo filloi të luajë gradualisht rolin e një kështjelle për qëndrimin e sunduesit dhe garnizonit të qytetit. Në vitin 1812, Kalaja e Gjirokastrës u pushtua nga Ali Pashë Tepelena, i cili filloi rindërtimin e saj. Rindërtimi i kalasë, i një saraji dhe i disa godinave anekse, u bë me një ngutësi aq të madhe sa të gjitha punimet u kryen brenda një viti e gjysmë. Kalaja përmbante përveç barakave për vendosjen e një garnizoni prej 5 mijë ushtarësh, magazina të shumta nëntokësore që ishin llogaritur mirë për sigurimin e municioneve dhe ushqimeve të nevojshme. Kronikat e kohës përmendin se vetëm për ndërtimin e vendqëndrimit të Ali Pashës, një kullë pranë këndit juglindor, punuan 1500 vetë. Me rënien e Pashallëkut të Janinës, Kalaja do të humbiste shkëlqimin e saj. Në vitet e luftës së Parë dhe të Dytë Botërore, ajo do të shërbente si vendstrehim për banorët e qytetit për tu mbrojtur nga bombardimet e ajrore. 18. Kalaja e Ali Pashës (Tepelenë) Kalaja e Ali Pashë Tepelenës ndodhet në veri të qytetit në një pozicion gjeografik që ndihmonte në mbrojtejen e kalasë. Nga burimet historike, kalaja është vizonuar nga vetë Pashai i cili ka inspektuar etapat e ndërtimit të kësaj perle të rajonit. Kalaja aktuale u rindërtua prej tij më 1819 me një sipėrfaqe 4-5 ha me tre hyrje dhe 3 kulla. Deri mė 1820 ka qėnė rezidenca e dytė e Ali Pashë Tepelenës.

14 19. Kalaja e Bashtovës Kalaja e Bashtovës (Castle Bashtova) ngrihet pranë fshatit tëvile-bashtovës në një distancë prej 3-4 km, në veri të grykëderdhjes së lumit të Shkumbinit. Kështjella është ndërtuar në shekullin XV dhe u ka shërbyer venecianëve,per shkembime tregtare. Zona e Bashtovës është përmendur si një port lumor në Shkumbin si dhe një qendër e eksportit të drithërave. Kalaja ka trajtë katërkëndore me përmasa 60 x 90 mertra. Pjesa perëndimore e saj është rindërtuar në shekullin XVIII. Muret e saj kanë një lartësi prej 9 metrash,mendohet se kjo Keshtjelle ose Kala ka qene 2 kateshe,ku ne kat i saj eshte i fundosur nen sip.e tokes. Kalaja e Bashtovës është një monument kulture me vlerë që ju do ta gjeni vetëm disa km jashtë Kavajës dhe që dëshmon për gjurmët e qytetërimit dhe civilizimit.e vecanta e kesaj Kalaje ose Keshtjelle eshte se kjo kjo Keshtjelle eshte e vetmja Keshtjelle ne Ballkan e ndertuar ne fushe. Rrethinat e saj kanë mbetur të plota dhe sot ruhen si një momument kulture nga shteti shqiptar.ne kete keshtjelle jane bere festa dhe MISS SHQIPERIA 2012.Sot ky monument vizitohet nga shume turiste vendas dhe te huaj.keshtjella e Bashtoves (Castle Bashtova) eshte nje pasuri kulturore dhe me shume vlera.ne kete monument kulturor jane gjentur,sende ose gjera kulturore qe vertetojne nje histori te lashte jo vetem per Keshtjellen por dhe per fshatin e Vile-Bashtoves.Sendet e gjetura ne kete monument ruhen sot ne Muzeun Kombetar ne Tirane. Rreth e përqark kalasë lulëzon një pyll dafinash, që përveçse është i shpallur monument natyre, krijon edhe një mjedis shumë tërheqës për piknikë në natyrë. Nga muret e kalasë mund të vëzhgoni bregdetin si në pëllëmbë të dorës, që nga Gjiri i Durrësit e deri në Divjakë e Karavasta. Për të vizituar kete Keshtjelle,duhet te kaloni fshatin Vile-Bashtove,ose ne pernendtim te fshatit.kalaja e Bashtoves eshte nje mrekulli e vertet. 20. Kalaja e Borshit Kalaja e Borshit (ose Kalaja e Sopotit siç njihet ne histori) ndodhet mbi një kodër të fshatit Borsh që është 500 m mbi nivelin e detit dhe daton rreth shekullit IV-III p.k. Kodra e Sopotit, mbi të cilën ngrihet kalaja, ndodhet në Veri të fshatit Borshi dhe ne perëndim te Fterres. Sipërfaqja e saj është shkëmbore. Nga ana Perëndimore mali formon disa tarraca natyrale, ku duken një sërë tepricash të godinave mesjetare. Mbeturina muresh të kohës antike duken në anën jugperëndimore në një gjatësi prej rreth 10 metra dhe një lartësi prej 1,33 m. Në sipërfaqen e qytezës, janë gjetur fragmente enësh me vernik të zi, të shekullit të IV para erës sonë (periudha pare). Periudha e dytë, që shkon nga mesi i shek. IV deri nga mesi i shekullit I p.e.s., shënon zhvillimin më të madh të qytetit. Gurët janë punuar në forme të tillë që faqja e jashtme të jetë e fryrë, ndërsa faqet e tjera të jenë të rrafshëta që e afron për nga teknika me muret e Butrintit.

15 21. Kalaja e Gjon Boçarit Kalaja e Gjon Boçarit Kjo eshte nje kala mesjetare, e lokalizuar prane fshatit Tragjas. Ndertimi i saj filloi ne shekullin e XV. Keshtjella ka forme drejtkendore dhe perbehet nga dy kulla gjashtekendore ne skajet veriperendimore dhe juglindore. Kalaja ka nje gjatesi prej rreth 50 metra, me mure 5 meter te larta dhe 1.25 meter te gjera. Mure te fortifikuara rrethojne pjesen e siperme te kalase, ndersa shkallet ne pjesen e poshtme u sherbenin luftetareve gjate luftimeve.ne kete kala Princesha e Kanines dhe e Vlores, Rugjina e Balshajve, pati rezistencen e fundit ndaj pushtueseve Osman ne vitin Per vlerat kulturore e ndertimore eshte shpallur monument kulture ne vitin 1966.

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