Team: Venetians A. Find the sight on the map and fill in the text at its description

Transcription

1 Team: Venetians A Find the sight on the map and fill in the text at its description 1 The is the only bastion to escape demolition and survive to the present day. It is on the north west slope of Acronauplia and owes its name to all the same size that reinforced its defences. The bastion protected the western section of the city and the harbor, in combination with the. It was probably constructed by the at around the end of the 15 th century. 2 The Church of, is one of the oldest and most beautiful churches in the city. The original church, which dates the 15 th century, to the time of the first Venetian occupation was smaller and belonged to the Orthodox Church. In around 1700, during the time of the second Venetian occupation, the church took its current form, a three-aisled basilica. The interior has a beautiful wooden chancel in the eptanisian style and was created in the 19 th century. The pulpit and bishop s throne are also in the same style.

2 3 The rocky peninsula of the comprised the wall settlement of Nauplio from ancient times until the end of the 15 th century. The current form of the castle, although quite changed by modern intervention, basically crystallized during the Frankish and the 1 st Venetian occupations from the to centuries. Evidence of a pre-historic settlement from the 4 th century BC was found. There are also remains of the walls from the Hellenistic and Byzantine periods. From , when the Franks invaded the city, they divided the peninsula into two enclosures that they called castles. In the middle of the peninsular was the Castello de, which was built to the house the Frankish leaders and became the administrative and military headquarters of the city; while the Castello de, in the western sector, further up, was built for the Greeks. The Franks built a wall between the two castles and a square tower in the middle of the hill, to control communication between them. During the first Venetian occupation, the Venetians, threatened by Turkish raids, proceeded with repairs and extensions to the fortifications, under the supervision an important engineer of the time, Antonio Gambello. One of the first and more important projects was the addition of a new enclosure, the socalled Castello di, below and to the east of the Castello de Franchi. The name probably comes from the Italian world torrione which means a large tower adjoining the walls of the fort. The Castello di is still in good condition today and, after climbing the steps from the Catholic church, one can admire the improsing round tower with its crenellations, which protects the city gate; an excellent example of late renaissance style. During the years of the first Turkish occupation, there were only a few re-enforcements and additions made to the castle, which was known by Turks as. In 1686, when the Venetians seized the city from the Turks, they ordered that Acronauplia was to used only by the military. In 1829, Ioannis Kapodistrias, the governor of Greece, created a prison and a military hospital on this site. The demolition of the prison began in in order to construct the hotel which involved the destruction of a large section of the walls and buildings of the Castello de Greci. At the same time, Kapodistrias military hospital was also demolished. The only thing that remains of the hospital is the chapel of Aghii Anargiri. Today, one can visit The Acronauplia climbing east from Staikopoulos Park through Arvanitias Square, or climp the steps from the Catholic Church through the Castello di Toro. It should be noted that the three enclosures of the Acronauplia can be seen best from the Palamidi.

3 4 Square is the most important and historic square. It is assumed that from 1540, the time of the first Turkish commander of the Peloponnese, Mora-Pasha, had his seraglio here. The importance of the square is also demonstrated by the number of times it has undergone a change of name. In the 19th century it was known as, for the tree which once occupied the center, in the shade of which national politicians made speeches. In 1843 the name was changed to in honor of the father of king Otto, who had then visited the city. In the same year, after the revolution of 3rd September 1843, when the Greeks demanded that king Otto grant them an constitution, the name was changed first to Square (like today), then and. Today one can see many important historic buildings in the square, such as the Venetian warehouse of fleet, which today houses the, the parliament, former mosque of Aga-Pasha and finally the allilodidaktiko school, which came to be known as the. The square was also once home to the residences of many of the great fighters of the Greek revolution, such as and. The episode known to modern Greek history as took place here. In 1826 when the rebellious Greek nation was in dire financial need, the man who became known as the teacher of the nation,, delivered a moving speech from under the plane tree encouraging the people of Nafplio to contribute to the appeal for the nation. His speech was so moving that the poorest woman in the city, known mockingly as, gave all her possessions, which were nothing more than a silver ring and a gross. On the spot where the national bank now stands, there was once the home of, whose husband was the mayor of Nafplio and the head of the revolutionary movement for the removal of king Otto from Greece. In fact, it is said that her home was the center for the organization of the Nafplian revolution, which lasted from February to March Today, there is a monument to her memory outside the national bank. The building of the national bank dates from around 1930 and is the work of architect Zouboulidis. It has been influenced by the palaces of the 1930s., and is only a step away from the neo-classicism of

4 5 The is one of the most important and oldest churches in the city. Great events from Greek history took place here. It was built at around the beginning of the 16 th century, during the first Venetian occupation of the city, but after the invasion of the city by the in 1540, it was turned into a mosque. In 1686 when the Venetians retook the city, it was the site of the reception for the victorious commander in chief,. During the 2ond Turkish occupation, the church was once turned into a and after the liberation of the city it became Orthodox. The church is built in the style, with a dome and murals that have been created during the 2 ond Venetian occupation, around the beginning of the 18 th century, The fresco of the Last supper is a copy of the well-known composition by. The funerals of many famous figures were held in this church, such as the hero of the Greek revolution. Moreover the the Greek governor was actually buried in the narthex of the church. 6 The fort on the sea, known by its Turkish name meaning tower, has become Nafplio s trademark. On this small island, which is in the middle of the city s harbor, there was once Byzantine church consecrated to. The Venetians, having understood the strategic importance of this site for the protection of the port, built a tower on the rock in The Italian architect,, who had undertaken the building of the Castello di Toro, designed the fort, which was then completed by the engineer. The fort was designed to fit the narrow shape of the island. The center is taken up by a tower, in the shape of a rough hexagon, with cannon positions on either side. The interior of the castle has three floors which were connected by moveable stairs for reasons of safety. Water was supplied from a large circular water tank that was located in the cellar, under the tower. There were entrances to the north and south. A small harbor was created on the north-eastern side to enable safer access to the fort. Between the fort and the sea wall there was a narrow passage, which could be closed with a chain to protect the port from Enemy ships. The fort bears the signs of many alterations and repairs from different times. The Turks surrounded the fort with the so-called porporella in other words an undersea barricade of stones to make it impossible for large ships to approach. In the 18th century the Venetians proceeded with additions to the Bourtzi. They raised the height of the central tower and almost the entire island was covered with defensive positions. During the time of the Greek revolution, the Bourtzi was known as or, sea tower. It was here for a short while in 1826 that the Greek government sought shelter, when the rebellious nation fell into civil strife. It was an active fort until It then became the place of residence for the executioners who carried out the death sentences on the prisoners in the Palamidi. In 1935 it was turned into a hotel after alterations by the German architect Wulf Scaeffer.

5 7, in other words, the fisherman s neighborhood, is one of the oldest and most picturesque neigborhood in the city. It covers the north-western foot of the Actonauplia, above Stasinopoulos street. It was already a settlement during the end of nafplio s Byzantine period at the start of the 13th how it got its name. The Chapel of must have been constructed at around this time. During the difficult times of the second Turkish occupation, it was probably the only neighborhood inside the city walls to continue to be occupied by Greeks, most of who were fishermen. Today it is one of the most picturesque quarters of Nafplio s old town. Climbing the characteristic steps, one can see houses from various periods, some renovated, some in ruins. From the highest road one can see a section of the Acronauplia walls. At the place where nowadays is the neighborhood s Central Square there was once a very important hospital for the poor, the first in Greece. In the 1940 it was demolished and the only trade left of this important hospital is the chapel of Aghii Apostoli, which was constructed by the Venetians and was originally located inside the hospital grounds. 8 Walking at Amalias Avenue, one of the central roads of the city, we find the first Primary School dated from 1931 and the city s Lyceum dated from 1935 which was designed by Patroklos Karadinos and belongs to a group of school buildings called which left their mark on the history of modern Greek architecture. On the site where the Lyceum stands there was once an arsenal, built by the Turks in the 18th century. The area bordered by Amalias Avenue and Bouboulinas Street, and which was outside the city s northern wall, is named neighborhood, which was already being created by the use of artificial embankments from the time of the first Venetian occupation. The neighborhood owes its modern form to urban planning carried out during the time of King Otto. The majorities of houses in the neighborhood were built between 1861 and 1920, and were in the style. Behind the primary school and the Lyceum there were the cities dockyards, which were protected throughout the 18th and 19th centuries by the Venetian bastion of, which was demolished in In the small Bouboulina Square, there is a bust of this brave captain, who was of great help during the siege of Nafplio in April Laskarina Bouboulina was resident in the city for about 2 years from 1822 to 1824, and she was rewarded with a house in this neighborhood for her services during the struggle.