The Dutch commercial system and its written sources
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1 RUG1 The Dutch commercial system and its written sources May Jan Willem Veluwenkamp ForSEAdiscovery, Groningen, May May Dutch production in the 16th century: dairy products A.G. Bilders. Koeien in de weide Rijksmuseum 1
2 Slide 1 RUG1 Om de datum in te stellen: * >Invoegen >Datum en tijd * Bij Vast: vul de datum in in formaat dd-mm-jj * >Toepassen op alle dia's RUG;
3 7 May Dutch production in the 16th century: herring 7 May Dutch production in the 16th century: woollen cloth 2
4 7 May Grain came from the Baltic: the mother commerce 7 May The Flemish hub, 1550 The Dutch Revolt The fall of Antwerp 1585 The rise of Amsterdam Source: nederland/historie.htm 3
5 White Sea 7 May America The Dutch Asia commercial system in the 17 th and 18 th centuries international intermediate trade colonial empire 7 May The Dutch commercial system VOC 1602 WIC
6 7 May The whaling industry: oil and fat 7 May hemp 5
7 7 May flax 7 May cotton 6
8 7 May silk 7 May
9 7 May Salt production on Ile de Ré 7 May The Dutch Commercial System expansion functions: export of Dutch produce import for the home market international intermediate trade (including colonial re-export and trade with the hinterland) 8
10 The Dutch Commercial System May stagnation Mercantilism undermines export industry and intermediate trade. Compensation by: re-export of Asian and American produce hinterland trade. Relative decline. After 1740 export industry virtually gone Textiles from the Republic to the Baltic Sea are (pieces) 7 May Bron: Unger, Textiles from the Republic to the Baltic Sea area (percentages) Source: Unger,
11 Colonial commodities on Dutch ships to the Baltic Sea area (thousands of pounds) 7 May Bron: Unger, 1958 en Lindblad, Colonial commodities on Dutch ships to the Baltic Sea area (percentages) Source: Unger, 1958 en Lindblad, May
12 7 May May
13 7 May Basic Dutch business organisation: Family businesses of individual entrepreneurs, essentially alone in a dangerous world with little institutional protection. Social and commercial security sought through: specialization (knowledge) permanent relations (security) co-operation, mainly with relatives, in companies (trust) transfer to the next generation (social position). Result: Family networks in branches of business. 7 May Entrepreneurial behaviour e.g. in the Dutch Russia trade 12
14 Gillis Hooftman Nicolaes Ruts Coenraet Klenck David Leeuw Christoffel Brants May May Promotion of branch of trade interests through interest groups: Directie van de Levantse Handel en de Navigatie op de Middellandse Zee (1625) Gecommitteerden van de Groenlandvaart in het Gewest Holland (1677) Ca. 1689: Directie van de Oosterse Handel en Rederijen Directie van de Moscovische Handel Gecommitteerden van de Noordse Handel en Rederijen 13
15 Attemps to obtain monopoly charters from the Estates-General: Import of Russian grain (1629) Trade with North Africa and the Levant (1629). 7 May In vain: the commercialy dominated government defended free market entry. Andries Bicker 7 May Two big exceptions: VOC: United East India Company ( ) WIC: West India Company ( ) Chartered joint-stock monopoly companies, financed by marketable shares, with (in theory) separated ownership and management. Initiated by the Estates-General, with monopoly but open to all Dutch merchants and investors. Purpose: To exclude competition to effectively use the companies in the war against Spain ( ) war companies. 14
16 7 May Scheepvaartmuseum Rotterdam: 7 May Scheepvaartmuseum Amsterdam: 15
17 7 May Scheepvaartmuseum Amsterdam: 7 May Smak Kof 16
18 7 May May View of Amsterdam from the IJ 17
19 7 May Written sources Government archives: reports, fiscal registers, correspondence, treaties Notarial archives: contracts, statements, conflicts, testaments Company papers: correspondence, financial records. 7 May Amsterdam charterparty, 2 June
20 7 May Amsterdam charterparty, 2 June May Amsterdam charterparty, 2 June
21 17 December Sound Toll Registers (STR): Danish Toll Records kept by the Danish National Archives, Copenhagen preserved: 300 of 360 years from 1497 through 1857 almost uninterrupted from 1574 through mln passages Kronborg, Helsingoer Map: Wilhelm Blaeu 17 December Sound Toll Registers Online Electronic database of all passages through the Sound recorded in the Sound Toll Registers to be consulted at: Kronborg, Helsingoer 20
22 7 May Sound Toll Registers (Copenhagen) STRO 17 December Main routes of beams shipped westward through the Sound, Source: 21
23 7 May
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