WHAT PHILMBNT 19. PROGRAM-HOW IT WORKS Planning Before Arrival. Base Camp

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3 WHAT PHILMONT IS PROGRAM--HOW IT WORKS Planning Before Arrival Base Camp Planning Trail Schedules RANGERS WHO CAN COME Age and Membzrshio Reouirements Physical Requirements ENROUTE Tour Permit Stopovers ijniforms Travel Uniform Trail Uniform EQUIPMENT For Back Packing For All Weather Tentage Crew or Patrol Equipment individual Equipment Personal Equipment Optional Personal Equipment Rental Equipment TRADl NG POSTS Locations Items for Sale Souvenirs Spending Money COMMUNICATIONS Mail Candy and Perishables Baggage Telephones ARRIVAL AND DEPARTURE Number of Days and Meals Fees, Extra Costs, and Refunds Bus and Rail Destinations Buses and Cars at Base Camps Bus Drivers Taos Trip Carson Museum MEDICAL CARE Medical Staff Examination and Medical Inspections Tetanus Shots Medical Treatment First Aid Kits Insurance RELIGIOUS SERVICES Protestant Catholic Jewish MENUS AND FOOD At Camp Headquarters -3-

4 At Base Camps On the Trail PROGRAM FEATURES Hiking Mountain Climbing Conservation Horseback Riding Burros Western Lore Campfires Archeology Photography Hunter's Safety Geology Gold Panning Nature and Forestry Fishing AWARDS Philmont Arrowhead Patch "We All Made It" Award Merit Badges Fifty-Miler ON THE TRAIL Map Hiking Times Chanae in Program camp Sanitatidn Personal Cleanliness Drinking Water Latrines Garbaqe and Tin Cans Injury or Accident What To Do If Lost Forest Fires Smoking PRE-PH I LMONT TRAIN I NG CHECK-IN Upon Arrival Registrar Medical l nspection Post Office Group Picture Equipment Shakedown Lockers Laundry and Dry Cleaning Trail Equipment Tent Assignment Transfer to Base Camp CHECK OUT Dispatcher Rental Equipment Post Office Group Picture Lockers and Laundry Lost and Found Camping Headquarters Director Registrar ITINERARY SHEET Base Camp Change in Schedule Important Notice SO THERE'S THE STORY -5-

5 WHAT PHILMBNT 19 Philmont Scout Ranch, the national camping area, is located in northeastern New Mexico, comprising 127,000 acres of rugged western country on the slopesof the Sangre de Cristo range of the Rockies. Philmont is rich in history and the mark of the men who made it-ancient Indians and the writings they chiseled into the rocks; hardriding conquistadors; early American pioneers carrying the frontier on their backs; the rugged breed of trappers, the mountain men like Kit Carson and Lucien Maxwell, laying trails across this land and building great ranches athwart the Santa Fe Trail, monuments to Philmont's fabulous past. Philmont is rich in wild game--deer, elk, coyote, antelope, mountain lion, wild turkey, buffalo, bear. Its hills and canyons teem with bird life, its streams abound with fish. Its cool mountains harbor a wilderness of trees, flowers, grasses, and are themselves a storehouse of living geology - are the timeless record of the rocks. Philmont is rich in natural beauty-the soaring Tooth of Time; sunrise from lofty mountains; the eye-stretching sweep of the plains; the sunlight filtering through the aspens along the rippling rivers. PROGRAM-HOW IT WORKS Planning Before Arrival Many wonderful and exciting program fea- tures are available on Philmont. Your group will have a difficult time deciding which ones they wish to take part in during your time on the trail. You cannot do everything there is to do even if you returned several times. Pick out the ones most interesting and plan your schedule accordingly. The program planning kit included as part of the leader's kit gives you full information about the program and how you plan it. If you wish to do so, you can plan your daily schedule prior to leaving for Philmont and have it studied by our staff. We will then make any recommendations we have so that you can know before leaving home the major program features your group will have available. Base Camp We will notify you before you leave for Philmont which base camp your expedition will go to from Headquarters. Sorry, but this cannot be changed after your arrival here. When you arrive at the Base Camp you can again discuss your planned program with the director, and if you wish to make any changes you are entitled to do so. Your base camp program is a very important one to the success of your expedition. You will receive your early ranger training and orientation. Most groups will spend part of two days in the base camp and may spend two nights. You will have an opportunity to ride horseback

6 during this time for a half day's ride. At the base camp you will find tent areas with platforms, chuck boxes, and cooking shelters. This will be your last time to be assigned these quarters. If your schedule takes you through a base camp enroute to another area and upon your return to the base carnp at the end of your trip, you will use your own gear and make your camp. Planning Trail Schedules The trail schedule you planned prior to your arrival may be changed if your group wishes to change it. Check with the camp director and he will help you with your plans. While you are on the trail, you may make changes in your daily schedule. Just check in with the nearest carnp director who will help you work out a new program and will radio your change into headquarters so that you can be contacted in case of an emergency. We ask that you not change the base camp where you agreed to end your trip nor the pick up time from this base camd. Rangers Upon your arrival at the Camping Headquarters area, your Ranger will be called to ioin your expedition. A Philmont Ranger becomes a technical assistant to each expedition. if your group is smaller than 10, we may have to ask you to share a Ranger with another small expedition. OurRanger nevertakes over the leadership of an expedition. He is there to help out with the camping techniques. He is a specialist in living in the out of doors but does not know ail the details of ali the program features. Give him sufficient time to show his wares while in the base comp. He will spend two or three days on the trail with your group helping you to live ecmfortably and keep a clean comp, as well as heiping you make certain your group keeps themselves clean while on the trail. WHO CAN COME Age and Membership Requirements To attend Philrnont a boy must be a registered member of the Boy Scouts of America and be at least 14 years of age by September 1 of that year. We cannot accept boys who are mascots or sons of leaders who do not meet the above requirements. No faciiities are available for wives and families of leaders with expeditions. Physical Requirements Camping at Philmont is a rugged experience for a boy, as well as for a leader. It is highly inadvisable to send any boy or man incapable of standing the rigors of mountain hiking. Physicaliy handicapped boys usually keep the group from having a really challenging experience.

7 Responsibility for selection and approval of boys, as well as men, lies with the local council. In the case of any boy who arrives at the camp under-age or physically unable to take the trip, his local council will be asked for instructions as to how the boy should be returned home immediately. EN ROUTE Tour Permit To come to Philmont your unit must have a National Tour Permit from the Boy Scouts of America. To help comply with the requirements for this permit, get a copy of Tours and Moving Camps, (No , from your local council office. This booklet offers sound advice on many details of the trip to and from Philmont, including the health, safety and protection factors That are so important. Apply on Form No for your tour permit about two months before your departure date. The tour permit is especially helpful in malting stopovers that you arranged beforehand at Boy Scout camps, national and state parks, and the military installations. Stopovers With the help of your local council, you can contact your regional staff Explorer officer who can help you arrange details of stopovers at the many military installations between you and Philmont. Information about stopover sites is available in the following publications: Camping Facilities in the National Park System, 15 cents. National Forest Vacations, 30 cents. (The two pamphlets above are available from the Superintendent of Documents, U. S. Government Printing Office, Washington 25, D. C.) Wilderness Trails, (No , 75 cents, Boy Scouts of America. UNIFORMS Travel Uniform The official uniform of your post, ship, squadron, or troop is highly recommended for travel to and from Philmont. The uniform has great value in maintaining morale and discipline. It encourages young men to take pride in themselves, in their unit and in Scouting. It helps the group stay together. It opens doors in many places along the way where there are friends of Scouting. Upon your arrival at Philmont, your travel uniform can be stored in a locker or left to be laundered while you are on the trail. Trail Uniform A uniform on the trail is strongly recom-

8 merided. This may be any official uniform of the Boys Scouts of America. Experience at Philrnont has proven that the uniform is good trail gcrrb, and the group that stays in uniform stays ci5aner and has a more satisfactory expedition. Scout shorts are worn by many groups and rncny of our rangers. EQUIPMENT For Back Packing Camping at Phiimont may be somewhat different than camping in many areas. It is pugged mountain country suitable for back packing. Everything you take with you including food must be packed on your back. Thus, extremely heavy sleeping bags or other heavy articles of personal gear or equipment would not be advisable. A suitable pack or frame is highly desirable. -1 i nese may be rented upon your arrival at Philmont if desired. For All Weather We can only generalize on the weather. It is cold at night in the mountain country. Early on a July morning you may find a thin crust of ice over the water pail. You can also look for rain. Possible showers every day. These do not usually lost long and are not uncomfortable, but rainy weather can last much longer. Night rains may occur also. Ponchos and ground cloths are essential. Make sure your expedition prepares for all types of weather. Tentage You may be issued a trail tent for each two members of your group. These are light weight and easily pitched. You may not wish to pitch tents every night but merely pull them over you in case of rain. Your group may bring their own tentage if they wish. Crew or Patrol Equipment Each crew or patroi of eight will need a Trail Chef cook kit, cutlery kit, and a three-quarter axe. If you have more than eight, two cook kits are very desirable. While the cook kits and cutlery kits may be rented, you must bring or buy your own axe. Many groups buy a new axe for each crew or patrol. Each day an axeman is selected who must care for, carry, and use the axe for that day. He is watched carefully by the others to make certain he does his job properly. At the end of the trip, one is selected who did the best job with the axe and is presented it to become his award for good axemanship. In base camps and some outpost camps, Butch ovens are issued. Make good use of them but also learn how to bake bread and cook without them. We will furnish, in all camps where there is

9 a staff, dishwashing buckets. Diow them upon your arrival and return them clean when you leave the camp. Necessary crew or patrol equipment is: 1 full or three-quarter axe (Cannot be rented but can be purchased after arrival.) 1 Trail Chef Cook Kit (2 needed if more than 8 in each crew or patrol.) 1 Cutlery Kit Individual Equipment It is difficult to make up an individual equipment list that will please everybody. Some campers like to do without things that might be considered essential by others. The following equipment list is a suggested one. If you wish to omit some items or if you wish to bring additional items, do so. Remember, this is your decision. You must carry the results. These are things that experience indicates are necessary for comfortable living in the out of doors at Philmont. Starred items may be purchased at the Philmont Trading Post. Travel Equipment 1 Uniform 1 Pair dress shoes 1 Pocket first aid kit 1 Towel Personal Equipment Needed at Philmont * 2 T-shirts 2 Underwear Shorts 4 Handkerchiefs 1 Towel * 4 Pair wool socks (2 pr. cotton if desired.) * 1 Poncho or raincoat * 3 Wool blankets or equivalent sleeping bag * 1 Mess kit with eating utensils * 1 Pr. hiking shoes or boots (well broken in) * 1 Jacket * 1 Ground Cloth * 1 Flashlight * 1 Pocket knife * 1 Toilet Kit (soap, toothbrush) * 1 Shaving Kit (no electric razor) * 1 Pack or packboard *25 Ft. Heavy string or lightweight cord. * 1 Official uniform for trail * 1 Extra pair uniform pants * 1 Canteen Optional Personal Equipment " Moccasins or sneakers (camp wear) * Camera * Notebook and pencil * Air matress Rental Equipment From the trail equipment department at Headquarters the following may be rented. Packboards - 50 cents for trip Trail Chef Cook Kits - $1.OO - 15-

10 (8 qt. pot, 4 qt. pot, 2 qt. pot, coffee pot, 10 in. frying pan, 9 in. frying pan.) Note: These kits do not contain cups and plates. Trail Cutlery Kits - 50 cents (Pancake turner, pot fork, basting spoon, rubber spatula, dish mop.) Axes may not be rented. This equipment is inspected by you and the trail equipment clerk when it is rented and again when it is turned in. Any damaged or missing articles must be paid for bused on the actual cost of replacement. TRADING POSTS Locations The main trading post is at Camping Headquarters where the major items of equipment and souvenirs are sold. Trading posts at the three base camps carry some equipment items but no souvenirs. Trail trading posts carry candy and some equipment and supplies needed in particular areas. All profit from trading post sales goes back into the Philmont operation. Items for Sale The main articles of equipment in the headquarters trading post and their prices subject to change) are: T-shirts $1.10 Sweat shirts 1.75 Wool socks.95 Poncho - medium 5.75 Poncho - light 6.75 Sleeping bags Dacron sleeping bags Air mattress - light 5.95 Air mattress - small 3.95 Toilet kit 2.35 Jacket - boys Jacket - men's Ground cloth - light 1.50 Ground cloth - small.85 Flashlights Scouter's pocket knife 1.75 Canteens (2 qt.) 3.00 Canteens (1 qt.) 2.50 Cameras 6.50 Axes 5.75 Trail Chef kit First aid kits 1.25 Chef Tool Kit (cutlery) 4.95 Vitt-L-Kit 1.75 Many other useful items are on sale. Hours when trading posts are open will be posted at each camp. Souvenirs The headquarters trading post carries a line of authentic southwestern jewelry and souvenirs. Spending Money Most boys spend an average of $10.00 each - 17-

11 in the Phiimont trading posts. If they wish large items such as jackets, more would be veeded. Boys L I S U C ~ E Y find that about $5.00 carried with them on 'die trail is sufficient. They will need some money for candy if they must have it find other small items. Rangers make a charge for ammunition so money will he needed if a boy wishes ta fire. There is a charge of $1.00 for the Hunter's Safety course which includes suppiies and patch. COMMUNICATIONS Mail Philmont Scout Ranch is located on New Mexico State Highway 21, five miles south of Cimarron and forty-five miles southwest of Raton. Raton is on the Santa Fe Railroad. The mail address is Phiimont Scout Ranch Cimarron, New Mexico Please ask parents and friends to put your expedition number on all mail. This will help get mail to you correctl,/. A sample address might be: James Jones Expedition 7 14-A Phiimont Scout Ranch Cimarron, New Mexico (Note: Insert your own expedition number) Your expedition number indicates the month and day of your arrival here. For example, 714 means July (seventh month) 14th day. Mail is delivered to you at Camping Headquarters on your arrival and again at Camping Headquarters before you leovn Philmont. We cannot deliver registered mail or special delivery except at these times. Candy a d Perishables Please tell the boys to ask their parents and friends not to send candy, cookies, cake and other perishables to them through the mail. Since you will be in high mountain country and without mail from the time you leave Camping Headquarters until you return, anything perishable only causes difficulty. The express and baggage station is at Ratan, New Mexico. If express or baggage is sent ahead, send it prepaid and allow a minimum of five or six days extra so it arrives an time. We pick up prepaid baggage in Raton and leave it at the ranch post office for you to pick up when you arrive. Telephones Tell your boys to ask their parents not to telephone except in an emergency. Only in an emergency do we deliver telephone messages. Then the message is sent by rider or truck. It could take as long as a day to contact an expedition on the trails. You may assure pa-

12 rents, however, that we always know where all expeditions are located and in an emergency can contact anyone on the ranch wherever he might be. Giving the boys' full name and expedition number speeds the contact. The Philmont telephone number is Cimarron, ARRIVAL AND DEPARTURE Number of Days and Meals You are entitled to a full twelve-day stay at Philmont. Many groups arrive in the morning, others in the afternoon, but make your plans to arrive prior to 4:00 p.m. DO NOT PLAN ON ARRIVING AFTER DARK. Your fee includes 36 meals and 12 nights on Philmont. If you arrive in time for the noon meal on your first day, you may stay through breakfast on what would be your 13th day. If your group decides to leave early, there is no refund of fees. The meals and lodging are available for your full stay, but we cannot make a refucd if you do not stay for the full period. Fees, Extra Costs And Refunds Fee Payment Schedule: Application fee of $10.00 payable upon application, one-half of the balance is due 90 days prior to arrival and the balance is due on or before arrival. If, upon your arrival, it is found that a refund of fees is due, the designated amount wiil be sent to your council office for proper distribution. 'When an expedition arrives with less campers than it has registered, application fees paid for the non-arrivals cannot be claimed. All other fees paid can be applied to the balance due. Extra Costs Expeditions that make arrangements at least two weeks in advance of their arrival at Philmont may stay extra nights and receive meals in the camp headauarters dining hall. These arrangements must be made with the Camping Department, Phiimont Scout Ranch. No facilities are available for groups that arrive early without having confirmed their extra arrangements. Extra meats are 75 cents per person. Extra night's lodging is 75 cents per person, making a total of $3.00 per day per person for board and room. Leaders are included in these charges. Bus and Wail Destination If your expedition comes by chartered bus, make your destination Philmont Scout Ranch not Cimarron or Raton. Cimarron is five miles and Raton is forty-five miles from the ranch. If you come by train your destination is Raton, New Mexico, on the Santa Fe Railroad. Your group may wish to travel via the Burlington Railroad, arriving at Trinidad, Colorado. If you have eleven or more persons, our buses

13 can pick you up and return you to Trinidad for $4.00 per person. If you come by regularly scheduled bus line, your destination is Raton, New Mexico. No bus line serves Cimarron. When traveling by regular bus or by train, let us know beforehand the place, day and hour of your arrival so we can send a bus for vou. For camp bus service to and from Raton, there is a round-trip charge of $2.50 per person; to and from Trinidad, Colorado, is $4.00 per person. Please do not expect camp bus service after dark since our buses are allowed on the highway only during daylight. A wait in Raton may be necessary whatever way you arrive since the buses run only when needed and will oft-times have to wait for another train or bus other than the one you arrived on. If your scheduled arrival is around a meal time, you should expect to eat in Raton before coming on to the ranch. Buses and Cars at We cannot allow driving private cars or chartered or private buses to base camps. These vehicles must be left in the parking lot at Camping Headquarters. From there you will go in a Philmont bus to your base camp. We return you from base camp in a Philmont bus for your last night at Headquarters. Sorry, we cannot transfer you by bus from one base camp to another. Once you are on the trail we agree to pick you up only at the end of your trip. Bus Drivers Bus drivers may stay in the tent area at headquarters if they desire. The aecommodations are not the best for so long a stay. The cost is $3.00 per day. Please m,~lie slrre thc driver brin~s his own bedroll. if he wishes to go on your expdition, he ccn do so 5:~ naying the regular fee. The 0017 Diego Hotel and the Cimarron Motel in Cimarron are usually the havens for waiting bus drivers and have excellent facilities to care for them. Prior orrangements should be made. Tam Trip Units wishing to arrive early or stay late and take a bus trip 1-0 the Indian pueblos at Taos, New Mexico, mcly make arrangements to do so. We can make a reservation for you with a bus line. The fee is $50.00 roundtrip for a bus. For this extra service please write 1)s at least 2 weeks before leaving home. Plan os! eating your lunch in Taos. We cannot make box lunches available. Carson Museum If your group does not take a trip that schedules you through the Carson-Maxwel I Camp and the Kit Carson Museum and wishes to see it, arrangements may be made. A bus can be available by prior arrangement-. The cost is $10.00 for the bus.

14 MEDICAL CARE Medical ShCf At Camping Headquarters we maintain a staff of medical officers, supervised by a medical doctor, also a nurse and hospital orderlies. This staff is on call to go to any part of the ranch when emergencies occur. For emergencies we have a four-wheel drive ambulance equipped with short wave radio. Health and Safety Consultants are constantly making inspections of camps and trails. Examinations and Medical Inspections Every boy and leader in your expedition is required to have a medical examination at home by a medical doctor within three months of leaving for Philmont. Records of these examinations must be brought to the ranch on the following forms that will be sent to you from Phi lmont. Scout and Explorers Medical Record No. 4126, Feb Adult Medicai Record, No These forms are the basis for medical inspections at the ranch health lodge shortly after your arrival. Failure to bring the forms properly filled out for every man and boy will delay your processing and result in extra expense to you.

15 Tetanus Shots Each person should have a current record of having received their tetanus shots or a booster within the last 3 or 4 years. This area, with ail the horses and other animals, makes this very important. Those who do not have their record with them wili be given a booster by our doctors and will be charged for the medicine. Medical Treatment Each base camp and outpost camp has a first aid station where treatment for minor cuts, bruises, scratches and blisters can be given. All except these minor cases must be treated by the medical staff. Either the patient is brought to the headquarters health lodge, or a medical staff member goes to the camp. Serious cases needing hospital care are taken to a hospital in a nearby town. Proper supervision and the right kind of leadership by leaders of expeditions has resulted in an exceptionally good health and low accident record at Philmont. If a patient is brought to the heaith lodge at headquarters, make certain all his equipment goes with him. Charges for medicines may be paid at the health lodge or will be billed to the individual. First Aid Kits Each person should carry with him at all times a small pocket first aid kit containing bandaids, etc. Each expedition should carry a first aid kit with adequate materials for trail first aid. A suitable one (No. 101) is available through the National Supply Service, Boy Scouts of America. The only suggested additions to this kit is a snake bite kit (No. 1340) and more bandaids. These items may be purchased at our trading post. Insurance Philmont does not carry accident or health insurance. You should obtain such insurance as is suggested in Tours and Moving Camps. Your local council office may help you in securing this insurance. If you wish any record of medical treatment while at Philmont, we would appreciate your osking for it before you leave. Our doctors are employed only for the summer and would not be available for information after the season ends. RELlGlOUS SERVICES Protestant Protestant chaplains are assigned to Philmont Scout Ranch by the National Protestant Committee on Scouting. They are available for conferences and services and set the pattern for Protestant services wherever conducted. The Protestant Chaplain provides the leaders of each unit with a kit of suggestions for conducting Protestant devotions and worship experiences

16 on the traif. A devotional booklet and a portion of the New Testament are on sale at the headquarters trading post. Catholic A Catholic chaplain is provided by the National Catholic Committee on Scouting. He is available for conferences and confessions. On Sunday he conducts mass at Ponil, Cimarroncito, and Carson-Maxwell base camps. Special dispensation in this Diocese excuses Catholics who are over two and one-half miles from a service. When expeditions are far back in the mountains on Sunday, the Chaplain endeavors to contact them as soon as possible during the week for conferences and confessions. Camp menus on Friday in dining halls enable Catholics to observe abstinence regulations. Special dispensation in this Diocese excuses Catholics from abstinence on Friday if they are on the trail. Jewish For those of Jewish faith at Philmont the National Jewish Committee on Scouting furnishes a chap!ain. He can be cofitacted at Camping Headquarters upon arrival and arrangements made for services or coniererices. Chapels at all base camps are available

17 MENUS AND FOOD At Camp Headquarters When you arrive at Camping Headquarters where you spend only your first and last nights, you will eat in a dining hall where fresh foods and milk are served. Sorry, we cannot invite you to stay longer but others will move in tomorrow to take over the tents you use today. Base Camps At the base camps you will find cooki11g shelters, chuck boxes and Dutch ovens. After you arrive you can go to the commissary and have issued to you fresh foods for your first day's menu. The second day you start using trail foods and learn how to properiy prepare - it. When you leave the base corpp, be sure you return any fresh foods you might have and leave the chuck boxes clean and empty for the next expedition. On the Trail Considerable experimentation and research have gone into our trail foods. All our menus have been developed with the assistance of a dietitian and the Camping and Health and Safety Services of the National Council. Our trail foods are well balanced and adequate. We have supplemented the processed foods with canned meats and other items. Printed on each of the trail menus are instructions for cooking. Follow these instructions carefully. PROGRAM FEATURES It would be difficult in this little book to go into detail about all the wonderful program features available on Philmont. For more detail consult your program planning guide. Here are a few of the main activities. Hiking Philmont abounds in beautiful hiking areas. Every section of the ranch has opportunities for stimulating and beautiful hikes. As you hike, look around you and notice the nature and wildlife. Take advantage of the many beautiful and unusual sights that meet the eyes. Mountain Climbing The highest mountains are in the central and southern sections of the ranch while the north country offers lower but challenging climbs. The thrill of topping off a high peak after a long and arduous climb is hard to beat. The knowledge that you have met this challenge and emerged victorious makes the beautiful view more enjoyable. The high mountains and deep canyons in the south are no more beautiful and challenging than the broad valleys and high mesa country in the north.

18 Many times the trail will take you near but not over the mountain or mesa top. Why not cache your packs and take a side trip to the top of Waite Phillips Mountain, Trail Peak, Hart Peak, Midnight Mesa, or others that offer this opportunity. Conservation Philmont's two hundred square miles, rich in natural resources, are enjoyed each year by thousands of boys and leaders. Large as the ranch is, the number of campers makes it necessary for everyone to cooperate in conserving the forests, trails, grasses, water, soil and wildlife. With true skill and spirit by wise use (such as not short-cutting traiis or switchbacks) you can save and even increase these resources for others to share. That's conservation. Areas all over the ranch offer opportunities for conservation. In setting up your trip, plan to add some good evidence of your stay in our rugged mountain country. Ask the staff of any camp you visit for ideas on conservation projects. Horseback Riding At each base camp, we maintain a string of western cow ponies with western-type saddles. Your expedition can report to the corral one day at base camp, throw their legs across cowponies, and take a ride. Our wranglers are courteous but strict. If

19 they do not make certain that everyone stays in line and maintains the pace they set, members 3f your expedition might be endangered. Even skil!ed riders cannot be allowed to ride at a different gait or along a trail away from the group. Please cooperate with our wranglers by making certain that everyone in your expedition carries out the instructions exactly as given for a safe, enjoyable ride. For their personal safety, make certain that none of your boys are wearing sheath knives, axes, etc., on their belts during their ride. Burros If your expedition wants them for a few days, burros are available at Ponil Base Camp and Harlan Outpost Camp. There you receive instructions on how to pack the "Rocky Mountain Canary" and throw the diamond hitch. Then you lead the burro for a few days. It's an experience you won't forget. Used only in the camps north of Harlan, burros are turned in at Ponil and Harlan. These burros are checked out to you by number, and you are given a receipt for them. THE SAME BURROS YOU WERE FIRST ISSUED MUST BE CHECKED IN WHEN YOU END YOUR TRIP. Western Lore Philmont is actually an operating western ranch. Our cowboys still watch over our cattle on horseback, not in jeeps or planes. While you are on the trails, you may see some of our

20 White-faced (Hereford) cattle. While not wild, they are best observed from a distance. A cow with a calf may become a dangerous animal if she feels that her calf is being threatened. To chase or attempt to rope these animals might result in serious injury. Feel free to watch them and take pictures if you wish. Other ranch activities that you may see are cutting and baling alfalfa hay and harvesting other crops. At some spot in each sector of the ranch you will find a camp with a cowboy counselor. He can tell you more about the cattle industry in this area. He will explain about his horse and the garb worn by a western cowboy. With an extra supply of authentic western lariats he can give your group some instruction in how to use the lasso. Campfires Your first campfire on Philmont will be at Camping Headquarters the first night you are here. In a big campfire area seating up to 600 boys, you will sing western songs, and hear about the Santa Fe Trail that runs directly through the ranch. At the base camp your next campfire will take place in a beautiful area surrounded by mountains. Here you will hear the story of Waite Phillips and his wonderful gift of Phi!- mont to the Boy Scouts of America. Your ranger will suggest how your expedition can then plan their own campfires. There are different types from the formal with opening and closing ceremonies to an informal fellowship where you sit around the cooking fire after the evening meal for exciting stories or to sing songs. Much of the tone of the thinking and action of your expedition can be set in these sessions. Id!e evenings may have recreational value, but if! they deteriorate into continual "horsing around" or telling the wrong sort of stories, a planned campfire is a remedy. For ideas on campfire planning before corning to Philmont, consult the fol!owing pamphlets published by the Boy Scouts of America: Fun Around the Campfire, No. 3694, 50 cents Boy SCQUP Songbo~k, NO. 3226, 25 cents Troop and Patrol Stunts, No. 3250, 25 cents These are also available at our trading post. Archeology The Ponil country in the northern sector is rich in the pre-historical back-ground of the - red man. Your expedition can have a hand in building this great program. A trained archeologist and h~s party are in the North Ponil Canyon. Expeditions can spend as much time as they wish in helping with the excavations, preparing specimens and artifacts and learning about Indians that occupied this territory. If your fellows are interested in archeology, plan to stay here two or three days so they can learn somz of the fundamentals.

21 Photography Have you ever taken a picture, developed the film and printed the picture yourself? If so, take advantage of our photography labs located in each section of the ranch. If not, let our program counselor for photography show you how it is done. You need not wait until you get home to find out how your camera is working. If you want help or advice about any part of photography, just ask one of these counselors. They are specialists and want to make your boys good photographers. Hunter's Safety This very important, four-part training can be completed either in one day or it can be started in one camp and completed in another as you move from camp to camp. Cimarroncito, Harlan, Pueblano, and Ponil all offer a shooting program and instruction in acquiring this award. No guns are allowed at Philmont except those furnished by us at the designated range. Please do not bring guns or ammo with you. Ammunition is purchased at all the ranges. The cost for the complete Hunter's Safety award, which includes necessary small bore ammunition, training manuals, instruction material, and the patch award is $1.OO per person. It is against the state law to shoot fireworks in New Mexico. They are a great fire hazard

22 Do not allow anyone in your expedition to bring fireworks. Our staff is instructed to collect and turn in any they may find. Geology The geological formations on Philmont are varied and interesting and offer quite an orea for exploration. Since the orea does change so radically as you move from one place to another on the ranch, we have program counselors in nature and geology iocated in many camps. They will be glad, upon request, to help your group better understand how and why that orea looks as it does. Gold Panning Almost all of the streams on Philmont still contain evidence of the once lucrative gold mining that was carried on in the area. If your trip takes you through Cyphers Mine, take a tour into a real gold mine. Not working now, it is carefully shored up so that you can walk back into it a short way. Gold panning is done in one or more camps in every sector of the ranch. 'When you come up with your dust, ask a staff member for a sample bottle so that you can take your findings home and show others that you have panned gold. Nature and Forestry Program counselors in these subjects are found in many places over the entire ranch. It is interesting and important for boys to -40- know about their great land. How it was formed, the plants and animals found on it, and why certain things are peculiar to the area they inhabit. Survival training is fun and is a challenging part of an expedition's program. If you wish to take part in a survival area, it can become part of your expedition's plans. You observe that part of good forestry is conservation; that trail building projects, slash disposal, soil conservation, all belong to sound forestry. Also, you become aware of the vital importance of forest fire prevention, which keeps our forests a beautiful and valuable heritage. Fishing In the Rayado and Agua Fria, part of the southern sector, you will find excellent fishing. While not large, fish are in both streams. You can catch the wary trout for a delicious supper or breakfast-if you, too, are wary. These regulations guide you as a sportsman in maintaining fishing at Philmont. All fishermen must have a New Mexico state fishing license. Anyone without a license is subject to prosecution. For those who are fourteen, fifteen, sixteen or seventeen years old, a special ten-day license for Philmont waters is $1.10. For those who are older, it is $3.00 for five days. For longer periods or for fishing other than Philmont waters, out of state fishing licenses are $8.00. Licenses are available at Philmont

23 A fisherman is limited to ten fish in any one day. No fish are to be taken away from the Philmont Scout Ranch. At several camps in the southern area you can find materials and equipment for tying your own trout flies. Also, a program counselor who will show you how it is done. The thriil of catching a trout on a fly you tied yourseif is hard to beat. AWARDS Philmont Arrowhead Patch At the end of your trip, each expedition member is given a Philmont Arrowhead patch. Inform everyone that this is the only one they can receive. These are not for sale and, if traded or lost, cannot be replaced. You also receive for each member a certificate as evidence that he camped on Philmont. "We All Made It" Plaque If your entire group finishss the trip OUTlined on your itinerary sheet before!paving base camp, upon return to Camping Headquarters you receive the "We All Made it" plaque. A change in your schedule without notification of the nearest camp director, arrival at a base camp or Camping Hmdquarters before the scheduled time, or failure of one or more of the boys to finish the trip for reasons other than illness or accident, results in your expedition forfeiting its "We All Made It" award. Merit Badges It is possible for boys to meet some requirements for many merit badges. - Before leaving home plan the awards that your boys wish to achieve. Then fit them into your program after you arrive here. Make sure your boys know all the requirements for the - desired merit badges. For requirements cornpleted at Philmont, ask a staff member to give you a certificate to be presented to a merit badge counselor at home. we have no certified merit badge counselors at Philmont. All such requirements fulfilled are subject to policies and procedures of your local council as established by your advancement committee. ' Fifty-Miler Award The 50-Miler Award, given by the National Council, Boy Scouts of America, is available only to a chartered unit under its own adult leadership. The unit must fulfill all requirements for the award, including the ten hour service project and a continuous trip that does not involve back-tracking-going over a trail already covered. The 50-Miler is intended to be a well-rounded wilderness trip, not a marathon race. It should not be included in your Philmont plan if it would in any way interfere with taking full advantage of the program along the trail.

24 ON THE TRAIL You will be issued at the base carnp strip maps of the areas you will hike according to your planned itinerary. These sheets are not intended to take the place of our regular tapographical map. This top0 map is very necessary. Keep it with you at all times. A plastic bag makes a good container. It is good program and proper outdoor training for every person to carry a map and check locations and objectives at regular intervals. Do not depend entirely on trail signs. There are hundreds of them on Philmont. They can become knocked down or changed around so check your map often. If the group does get separated, everyone should know where the next stop is located. Hiking Times Distance on Philmont is not always measured in miles but in hiking time. Mileage becomes secondary when you find out that it may take twice as long to go up to a camp in the mountains as it does to come down from a mountain camp to lower country. To assist you in planning your trip before or after you arrive at Philmont, please check your trail book. These are average times and will vary some with expeditions. Change in Program Your original schedule may be planned before

25 you leave home, checked by the Philmont staff, and then reconsidered after you reach the base camp. You will be assigned the base camp nearest those major program features in which you wish to participate. Once this assignment is made we cannot change it. After you have planned your itinerary and given a copy of it to the base camp director, if you find you wish to make later changes check with the nearest camp director. He will assist you in setting up a revised itinerary. We ask that you not change the base camp where you had originally decided to end your trip nor the a.m. or p.m. pick up you had agreed upon. Camp Sanitation Plan for the kind of an itinerary that does not require being on the trail every day. This allows you the opportunity to keep a clean camp and teach your boys proper methods of camp sanitation. Leave your camp in better condition than you find it. Personal Cleanliness Make certain expedition members have time to bathe properly and wash their clothes. We ask that you do not allow bathing, swimming or doing laundry in the springs, streams or water supply source of any camping area. Remember that just below you might be a campsite for another expedition, and the pollution of the water from swimming or bathing could cause them serious difficulty. Yo~r expedition should know that a good cumper is a clean camper. If they allow themseives to become dirty and unshaven, they are most likely to becomz ill and have their trip spoiled. Much of the group's personal appearance stems from the ieaders. WHEN YOU YOUR- $ SELF ARE CLEAN SHAVEN AND HAVE YOUR CLOTHES WASHEG REGULARLY, YOUR BOYS WILL FOLLOW SUIT. rinking Water Make certain that all your expedition membsrs realize the importance of purifying water regardless of where they might find it. NONE of the water from the springs, streams or wells on Ph~lniont is considered safe to drink without purification. At all base camps the water is chlorinaied and tested at regular intervals. At ail orher camps use the water purification tablets that are issued to you as part of your, commissary supplies. Make doubly sure that as each individual fills his canteen or secures water for the expedition, he takes time to purify it properly. Latrines In the base camp ~ n d in some other camps are dry pit latrines, However, if these are not available, your expedition must dig a straddle trench for its stay. Pits shouid be at least two

26 feet deep and eight inches wide. Before leaving, fill them in and mound over to avoid erosion. It is also helpful if you mark on a stake that it is a closed latrine and the date. Garbage and Tin Cans Burn your garbage. Burn tin cans after cutting out both ends; mash the cans and put them in the large disposal cans in base and outpost camps. On the trail burn and mash cans and deposit them in the trash cans at the next outpost camp. Check at each camp to find out how and where the refuse is deposited. Do not bury garbage or cans. Dishwashing The health and happiness of your expedition members depends on dishes being thoroughly washed and sterilized after each meal. Washing dishes in cold water is a hazard that can easily spoil your trip. It takes a little more time and a iittie more wood at high altitude to boil water, but the extro trouble is well worth while. Careless dishwashing sooner or later leads to illness on the trail. After washing dishes with hot water and soap, always rinse them in boiling water for at least one minute. A boiling rinse is most important. Wash cooking utensils, including Dutch ovens, with hot soapy water; then, rinse and dry with heat. Pots and pans are easier to ciean if you apply a iather of soap to the out side before using them. Before washing your pots wipe them out with grass and leaves to take out extro food and keep your dishwater as clean as possible. Injury or Accident If you follow your map carefully, you always know your approximate position. If a member of your expedition is injured, do not attempt to move him. Send to the nearest camp for help. There the staff has the equipment and the knowledge to give you the assistance you need. They can contact our doctors quickly and get one to the accident scene. Each of the outpost and staffed camps is equipped with a stretcher and other equipment for moving any injured person correctly under a doctor's supervision. What to do if lost If your expedition stays together instead of stretching over a long distance on the trail, the possibility of anyone becoming lost is remote. Our trails are well marked and if you use your map properly you wili not likely lose the trail. Never allow one member of your expedition to leave camp alone. Always be sure there are 3 or more in the party if they make any side trips or leave without the rest of the expedition. If a boy or a whole expedition becomes lost, find a trail and follow it downhill. Sooner or later you will either come to a major trail where you can find trail markers or to a camp.

27 (Piease do not molest or change any trail signs.) If lost at night, make camp, build a big fire, and keep it going. That fire beacon lnay help a search party that may be out looking for you. If you continue to travel and try to find your way at night, you will probably become more confused and be in worse shape when daylight comes. AGAIN-one of the best ways to avoid accidents or lost campers is to stay together. Forest Fires Your constant help is needed in forest fire prevention. Make doubly sure that all fires are built on ground properly prepared by raking away all the duff and getting down to mineral soil. Then before you leave any camp, double check that your fires are completely out and properly covered. Duff or underground fires are our greatest hazard. They can start above ground and then travel underground for many yards before breaking out in the open again and causing a serious fire. If you find a ground fire that is quite small, stamp or beat it out. Then report it at once so we can send someone to look the area over and maintain a watch. If you find a fire where trees are burning, quickly report it to the nearest camp, giving the exact location and size. Do not try to fight the fire, but move out of the area quickly. Forest fires can travel fast and get out of con- trol in a few minutes. inexperienced groups find themselves in a dangerous position if they stay in the area. We have trained fire fighters with equipment on call to get to any part of the ranch where a fire is reported. Leave the forest fire fighting to these groups, and the fire will be put out as quickly as possible. If you see a forest fire, the first rule is to send for help as soon as possible, giving your best information about size and location. The second rule is to get out of the way-fast. Smoking We ask that expedition members do not smoke at Philrnont. No tobacco is sold and we ask that they do not bring any. Adult leaders can set personal examples in abstaining from tobacco. A leader may, if he insists, smoke in the camps. However, once his expedition leaves camp a rigid and enforced I / no smoking" rule exists. The forest fire hazard is very great during the summer season. Careless handling of one match or cigarette could mean that Philmont would be ruined for thousands upon thousands of boys in years to come. Please cooperate with us; set a personal example and enforce the "no smoking" rule with others. PRE-PHILMONT TRAINING Part of your preparation for your Philmont expedition that is very important is your pre-

28 training plan. First, we suggest that all the expedition leaders get together for one or more meetings to check through details of your preparation and program Several meetings with the boys and their parents will make certain that they have full and complete information about the trip. Go over with the parents all the information found in the booklet, "Exploring Philmont". A copy for each boy is part of your leaders kit. Take every opportunity to get the group into the out of doors for training in camping skills. Set up a planned training schedule so that nothing will be missed. Some of the items to include in this training are: Shelter, proper handling of trail tents Knife and Axe Sharpening, care and use of the threequarter axe Fire-building and Cooking Preparing ground, laying and lighting the fire. Cooking and baking and use of Dutch ovens. Extinguishing the fire First Aid Map Reading and Compass Camp Sanitation including water purification Personal Cleanliness and care of uniforms Hiking equipment Back-packi ng Personal equipment (go over list carefully) Foot care Take every opportunity to get your expedition members into the out of doors for proper training and practice. Groups that come to Philmont without this important pre-training find themselves at a disadvantage. They must spend much valuable time in instruction and practice of basic camping skills that could well be spent on program if they knew some of these skills before they arrive at Philmont. CHECK-IN Upon Arrival At Camping Headquarters you are met by one of the staff. Your ranger is then called and joins your group as a technical assistant for a few days. You may feel free to turn the group over to the ranger while you follow the check-in process. You will be given information about the procedure your group will follow and a checkin card to keep your processing record accurate. You may not follow the steps exactly as they are outlined below; however, each item will be covered with your expedition. Registrar - Cashier Before your arrival make certain that you have the following ready for the check-in:

29 1. Typed individual record cards for boys and leaders. 2. Money for the remainder of your camper fees. 3. Money for extra transportation, meals and lodging, if these have been arranged. The registrar will have a complete record of your registration and moneys paid before your arrival and you can make final settlement with him. You may leave extra traveler's checks with the Cashier for safe-keeping. We cannot accept responsibility for large sums of cash. We strongly advise that you convert most of your cash into traveler's checks before leaving home. If you are handling your group's spending money, you may wish to check with the Cashier after they have visited the Headquarters trading post. On the trail they need money for candy, tooth paste, soap and other incidentals. On the shooting range they will need money for ammunition, The average amount of spending money used by boys at Philmont during the past seasons has been approximately $ each. About $5.00 per boy is spent on the trail. Medical Inspection You may want to collect for safe-keeping all the boys' medical examination blanks. When you arrive at the camp health lodge, give each boy his own as he goes through his medical inspection. Remember, if some member of your group does not have a properly filled out blank with a record of his tetanus shots he may delay your entire group in their processing. Post Office Ask the Postmaster at Headquarters to find out if your expedition has any mail waiting. In turn, he will ask the final date of your stay at Philmont so he can have your mail ready when you return to Camping Headquarters. Mail cannot be delivered to groups on the trail. Group Picture Your expedition will want to remain in travel uniform until our Camp Photographer has taken a picture of the group. Prints may then be ordered at $1.OO each. Many groups include this in their plans and order one for each person. One print is mailed immediately to your local council for local publicity. Equipment Shakedown Your Ranger will help your group in their equipment shakedown. He knows the essential items they should have and also equipment that they might not need and would not want to carry on their backs on the long trail hikes. Lockers Your expedition is assigned a locker for storing extra equipment. You are given the only key to this locker. No member of our staff may accept the key from you or may under any circumsiances unlock this locker. Ask your ex

30 pedition not to bring foot lockers since your locker here is not large enough to store baggage that size. While you are at Camping Headquarters be sure all equipment is stored in the locker instead of being left on cots in tents. Laundry and Dry Cleaning Philmont acts as an agent for a laundry and, dry cleaning establishment. You can leave travel uniforms so that they can be washed or cleaned ready for your trip home. We make no extra charge except for the actual charge made by the laundry for we cannot accept responsibility for mistakes or losses on the part of the laundry. Trail Equipment The trail equipment clerk issues the tentage and shovels for your expedition. If you wish to check out any rental equipment, do so at this point. Trail Chef cook kits, cutlery kits and packboards may be rented. Charges on rental equipment are payable upon return to headquarters. No axes are available for rent. Transfer to Base Camp We try to make your stay at headquarters short but pleasant. We know that you did not travel many miles to spend your time in a processing station. Since your check-in is usually in the afternoon, you will probably spend your first night in Headquarters. Your first and last nights are the only ones where facilities can be made available to you at Headquarters. Groups cannot return from the trail early and spend more time in this area. All the tents are tightly scheduled so that they can be offered to you only for your first and last nights. The transfer to the assigned base carnp will be done in Philmont buses. The roads are narrow and hilly so it is necessary to keep travel on them to a minimum. lndividual expedition cars and buses are parked at headquarters. CHECK-BUT Dispatcher The dispatcher routes all buses and transportation through Camping Headquarters. As soon as you return from the trail, check with him about when your transportation will leave Philmont or Raton. VVe cannot promise a definite hour for bus transportation to Raton or Trinidad but do guarantee to have you there in time to catch your outbound transportation. He also schedules the camp bus that picks you up at the base camp. No definite hour can be scheduled except that you indicate your choice of being picked up in the a.m. or p.m. Rental Equipment Turn in to the traii equipment clerk at headquarters all of the rental equipment and the tentage issued to you. If rental equipment

31 and tentage have been damaged beyond reasonable wear or have bezn lost, get a statement of the cost and pay for it. Rental equipment charges are payed at this time. Post Office Pick up the mail that accumulated while your expedition was on the trail. Any mail arriving after you leave Philmont is returned either to the sender or to your council office. Check the unidentified mail to see if your boys have any ietters that could not be properly identified. Lost and Found Located in the post office is the lost and found department where your boys can check on lost articles and turn in anything that has been found. Group Picture Pick up the photos ordered by your expedition and pay the photographer for them. Lockers and Laundry Check out your laundry and change into travel uniforms. Then clean out your locker and turn the key and lock in at the headquarters office. Camping Headquarters Director Ask the Camping Headquarters director for the certificates and, if your group has qualified,

32 the "We All Made It" plaque. You can also get from him the medical examination blanks for your expedition. Registrar and Cashier The last check-out point is with the registrar. Although you have no further business to i-ransact with him, we appreciate having a definite record of your departure time. Please check with him and give this information. He will issue the Philmont Arrowhead patches for your group. Claim any valuables left with the cashier. ITINERARY SHEET This is so important to you and to us that we feel we should review it again. Base Camp While at the base camp you will plan or review your daily itinerary with the base camp director. He will make, with several copies, the daily schedule for your expedition. Copies of this go to several departments that are concerned with the plans for your expedition. You will be given one copy to carry with you. It tells not only which camps you plan to visit but where you will return and when to be picked up. It also tells you which menus to use and which ones to ask for when you reach each commissary. Change in Schedule While enroute on your planned schedule, you may wish to make a change. Take your itinerary sheet to the nearest camp director. He will work out the changes with you and notify all those concerned. THE BASE CAMP YOU ARE TO RETURN TO AND THE TIME OF PICK UP FROM THIS BASE CAMP CANNOT BE CHANGED. This is already tightly scheduled and any change will probably result in inconvenience to your expedition. SO THERE'S THE STORY We hope this guidebook is helpful to you in planning your expedition at Philmont. In this small booklet we could not list all the interesting program features, nor give you every detail of information that you might desire. However, we feel that when you read carefully and go over with your expedition members the information found in these pages, your expedition will come to Philmont better prepared and equipped to have a wonderful time.

33 - NOTES - - NOTES -

34 -- NOTES THE TRIBUNE PRESS. SPRINGER. N. M

35 - NOTES THE TRIBUNE PRESS, SPRINGER, N. M.