industrial pasts a journey through the industrial pasts of the peak district

Transcription

1 industrial pasts a journey through the industrial pasts of the peak district

2 Beauty and the industrial beast Explore the Peak District s industrial past Explore some of England s most breathtakingly beautiful landscapes and discover hidden clues to our vibrant industrial past. Uncover the origins of the industrial revolution at Derwent Valley Mills World Heritage Site.Visit the milltown that created Queen Victoria s worldfamous black silks and inspired the glorious designs of William Morris. Travel our walking routes, cycle trails, steam trains, canals and tramways as you discover for yourself the unique beauty of the Peak District s industrial heritage. Copper-bottomed countryside Metal mining once dominated the economy of the Peak District and left an indelible mark on the landscape. Look out for lead rakes long gashes in the limestone where miners worked lead from veins near the rock surface. Lead attracted the Roman invaders and both copper and lead mining have fed many a family for thousands of years. Our ancestors started mining about 4,000 years ago and lead mining continued into the 1900s. You can still visit some of the mines. Wirksworth was the hub of Peak District lead mining Peak District Mining Museum The Ecton Mines Our Bronze Age ancestors worked copper from outcrops.thousands of years later, rich veins of copper and lead drew miners more than 300 metres below river level. Deep Ecton Mine was among the richest copper mines in Europe. You can find out more about the places in this leaflet and more places to visit from Part financed by the European Union Economic Regional Development Fund Design: Printed with vegetable dye inks on recycled paper

3 Proud wounds Tideslow Rake is a good clear example of a lead rake. Odin Mine, near Castleton, begins at a cleft in the hill and may have been named for the Norse god Odin or the Saxon war god,woden. Visit stark Magpie Mine to see the impressively preserved engine houses that once hauled kibbles, or ore buckets, to the surface. At Lathkill Dale you can see Mandale Mine and agent James Bateman s house built directly above the original pumpshaft. Odin mine near Castleton may have been named for the Norse god Odin. Access and orientation Park at Hulme End for the Ecton Mines, and follow the trail southwest for 1.5 km.tideslow Rake is 2 km north of Tideswell. Park at Little Hucklow. Odin Mine is about 2 km from the centre of Castleton.Walk from the village or use a parking bay on the road. For Mandale Mine and Bateman s House park at Over Haddon and follow the footpath to Lathkill Dale. Magpie Mine is close by, about 1 km south of Sheldon. Please take care whenever walking in the vicinity of old mines.there are often deep and unstable shafts which are dangerous and should be avoided. Tideslow Rake is one of many lead rakes that are etched across the White Peak Ecton copper mine

4 The stones that built the Peak District Walk the Eastern Moors to see the evocative remains of a 500-year-old industry abandoned millstones.these circular stones were once a major Peak District export. Millstone Edge and nearby Burbage Moor are good places to find them.... a 500-year-old industry... millstones Some were discarded because of flaws or fractures you might be able to see them. Others were simply victims of a new fashion for white bread in the 1700s. Continental stones produced attractive white flour, wheat milled by local stones produced an unfashionable grey loaf! Millstone Edge gets its name and sheer cliffs from quarrying Even London s worldfamous Regent Street is paved with Peak District stone. Grindstones, crushing stones... Many of the stones were used to crush timber in Swedish paper mills or grind cutlery and tools in Sheffield s factories. Unfinished millstones lie abandoned near Hathersage... and building stone Other quarries produced gritstone troughs, lintels, gateposts and stone for building. Massive Bole Hill quarry produced the 1.25 million tonnes of stone to build Derwent and Howden dams. Even London s worldfamous Regent Street is paved with Peak District stone from Goytsclough Quarry. Regent Street paved with the Peak District Crushing stones that never crushed Access and orientation Park at Surprise View car park (A625) for Millstone Edge and Bole Hill quarry. Park in the Goyt Valley (off A5004) just north of Buxton for Goytsclough Quarry. No vehicle access from the Cat & Fiddle road (A537).

5 Revolutionary mills Today s picturesque and peaceful Derwent Valley was the birthplace of the industrial revolution. the cradle of the modern factory system Richard Arkwright chose a tributary of the River Derwent to build Cromford Cotton Mill Cromford Mill in He opened Masson Mill at Matlock Bath in 1783.These were the first successful cotton mills and they became the blueprint for factory production.they were copied throughout the world and working life changed forever. King cotton s palaces Cromford, Belper North and Masson Mills are part of the Derwent Valley Mills World Heritage Site. They offer tours and give you the opportunity to see authentic machines in action at their museums. The whole site spans 26 km of the River Derwent from Matlock Bath to Derby and has 17 key attractions to visit. Pick up a leaflet from a tourist information centre or visit: See other impressive cotton mills at Cressbrook, Calver, Glossop and Litton. They aren t open to the public and some have been converted to flats; but you can see the impressive buildings from the outside. Mills generated wealth before and after the cotton era. Cheddleton Flint Mill ground flint for the pottery industry.you can also visit working corn mills at Brindley s Mill in Leek and Caudwell s Mill near Rowsley. Calver Mill spun cotton until the 1920s

6 Access and orientation Cromford Mill is signposted from Cromford (A6). Park at Monsal Head (B6465) or Millers Dale (B6049) for the Monsal Trail to Litton Mill. Calver Mill is to the north of the A623 at Calver. Inside Darley Mill in 1868 Access Cheddleton Flint Mill from Cheddleton (A520), 5 km south of Leek. Free parking. Caudwell s Mill is at Rowsley, south of Bakewell. From wigs to riches Sir Richard Arkwright s story Richard Arkwright was born in Preston in He started as a barber s apprentice and by his thirties he was a wigmaker with a barbershop and public house. As Arkwright travelled the country buying women s hair for wigs, he became interested in Sir Richard Arkwright. cotton spinning and so began several years of technological research. By 1775, Arkwright had patented his machines and developed a system of spinning which marked the start of the industrial revolution.the structure of employment across Britain and the world changed forever.

7 where to stay, shop and eat accommodation attractions & activities shopping & eating

8 Where to buy Grindleford Post Office Main Road, Grindleford, Hope Valley, Sheffield, S32 2AA Tel: A friendly helpful Post Office selling cards, stationery and sweets offering normal post office services. Café Bombay 4 Lower Lane, Chinley, Derbyshire, SK23 6BD Contact: Mr Farouk Tel: Indian restaurant and takeaway selling authentic Indian food. Outside Main Road, Hathersage, Derbyshire S32 1BB Contact: Peter Mummery Tel: pete@outside.co.uk Web: Britain s best mountaineering, trekking, climbing and walking store with 2nd branch at Calver crossroads. Café which caters for walkers. The Trading Post 2 Froghall Road, Ipstones, Stoke-on-Trent, Staffordshire, ST10 2LA Contact: Jim Benbow Tel: Fresh food convenience store. Post Office and National Lottery Mike Herridge Hand Made Furniture Bent Farm,Tissington,Ashbourne, Derbyshire DE6 1RD Contact: Mike Herridge Tel: Beautifully crafted hand-made furniture based on classic designs and traditional styles. Tailor-made individual pieces for you and your home. Telephone to discuss projects. Where to eat Beresford Tea Rooms Market Place, Hartington, Buxton, Derbyshire, SK17 0AL Contact: Sue Wardle Tel: Tearoom offering home-cooked light lunches and baking, small gift shop and Post Office. The Old Smithy Tearooms & Restaurant Church Street, Monyash, Bakewell, Derbyshire, DE45 1JH Contact: David Driscoll Tel: smithy@monyash.com Web: A family-run business in the heart of the Peak District village of Monyash serving local fresh produce with a wide range of beers and spirits. The Black Lion Inn Butterton, Leek, Staffordshire, ST13 7SP Contact: Bob and Carol Davies Tel: blacklioninn@hotmail.com Web: A friendly pub in a conservation village in heart of the Peak District close to Alton Towers. The Red Lion Inn Waterfall,Waterhouses, Staffordshire, ST10 3HZ Contact: Keith Bullivant and Angela Wilson Tel: keith@peaklion.co.uk Web: Destination dining pub set in rural Peak District offering hand-pulled beers and great food. Where to stay Hopton House Hopton, Nr.Wirksworth, Derbyshire, DE4 4DF, Contact: Bob and Yvonne Evans Tel: yvonneevans55@hotmail.co.uk Web: Hopton House is a large house ideal for families and groups which sleeps 18. It has wonderful views over Carsington. More info:

9 Where to stay Old Hall Farm Holiday Cottages Church Lane, Ipstones, Stoke-on-Trent, Staffordshire, ST10 2LF Contact: Ann Glover Tel: Web: Overlooking picturesque countryside, delightful self-contained cottages. Local shops and pubs five minute walk. Old Hall Inn Whitehough, Chinley, High Peak, Derbyshire, SK23 6EJ Contact: Ann and Micheal Capper Tel: Web: A family run, 16th century inn located in the heart of the Peak District offering excellent en-suite accommodation, fine food, cask ales and beautiful country surroundings.we take great pride in our attention to quality and service, making any stay, long or short, one to remember! Rushop Hall Holiday Cottages and B&B Rushop Hall, Rushop Lane, Near Castleton, High Peak, Derbyshire, SK23 0QT Contact: Neil Allcock Tel: / neil@rushophall.com Web: Offers you the perfect country retreat in the heart of the fabulous Peak Park. Choose from individually designed, historic, self-catering cottages or spacious, en-suite B&B rooms in our beautiful Georgian Farmhouse. The views are breathtaking, the welcome warm and the hospitality just perfect. The Maynard Main Road, Grindleford, Derbyshire, S32 2HE Contact: Paul Downing Tel: paul.downing@themaynard.co.uk Web: Newly refurbished to a very high standard, set in glorious surroundings, with spectacular views of Hope and Derwent valleys. More info:

10 Children of the revolution Children of the revolution Child workers suffered appalling treatment in the mills.the notorious Needhams of Litton Mill rounded up London orphans to work here...we got up at five in the morning and worked till nine at night. and some say the children s ghosts still haunt the mill. Litton Mill Sarah Carpenter was one orphan who wrote about her life working at Cressbrook Mill. Caroline Thompson. They beat her till she went out of her mind. She got up as well as she could. He knocked her down again... Her bed-fellow found her dead in bed. One of the lime kilns at Grin Low Sea creatures to stone houses Walk the White Peak and walk back in time over 330 million years to when this part of the Peak District was under a tropical sea. The prehistoric sea creatures and plants petrified into limestone. For thousands of years Peak District people have used this limestone for building and agriculture. Grin Low kilns Grin Low s round earthen kilns were in use from the 1600s to 1900s for burning limestone to make agricultural quicklime. For thousands of years people have used this limestone... Quicklime makes acid soils more fertile and is also used to make slaked lime, an ingredient of mortar and plaster.

11 Millers Dale kilns The railways of the 1800s made it economical to produce quicklime in large industrial kilns, such as those at Millers Dale, and transport it over great distances. Trains, trams and barges The Derbyshire Screw ancient fossilised sea plants known as crinoids Prehistoric sea creatures and plants petrified into limestone Lime kilns at Millers Dale Access and orientation Park at Poole s Cavern near Buxton for a woodland trail with information panels through the Grin Low kilns. Millers Dale kilns (B6049) can be reached from the Monsal Trail.There is an information panel at the west kiln.the National Stone Centre is on the B5035 Cromford to Carsington road, south of Matlock. Peak Tramway The arteries of industry In the 1700s to 1800s the Peak District was alive with expanding industry and all its valuable exports needed transporting. Spun silk, cotton, lead, limestone, millstones, copper and ironstone travelled across England and beyond. The canals came first.tramways followed and then came the railways All change at Bugsworth Basin... materialise until the Cromford and High Peak Railway was built. Bugsworth Basin is a huge inland port built to connect the Peak Forest Canal to the Peak Forest Tramways. Dove Holes quarry limestone travelled to Manchester by tram and then barge for use in construction. Enjoy a day out at Bugsworth and walk the tramway trail so quiet today that all you can hear is birdsong and insects. Cromford and Peak Forest Canals came to the Peak District from east and west. Plans to link them did not

12 Access and orientation Access Monsal Dale Viaduct, Millers Dale and Monsal Dale stations from the Monsal Trail. Millers Dale station has an interpretation panel. There is parking at Millers Dale station to the west or Monsal Head to the east. Middleton Top is near Middleton by Wirksworth and has a visitor centre, gift shop, cycle hire centre, car park, toilets and picnic area. High Peak Junction is at Cromford. Bugsworth Basin (B6062) lies between Whaley Bridge and Chinley. Inside Leawood pumphouse on the Cromford Canal near High Peak Junction Monsal Dale Viaduct has spectacular views Cromford Canal... and High Peak Junction Don t miss Cromford Canal Wharf, part of Derwent Valley Mills World Heritage Site. Its well-preserved buildings include warehouses, a counting house and cottages. High Peak Junction connected the canal with the Cromford and High Peak Railway. The workshops are now a visitor centre, with some original railway vans. Cycle the Peak Now you can cycle the spectacular route of the Cromford and High Peak Railway along the High Peak and Tissington Trails. Hire bikes at Ashbourne, Parsley Hay and Middleton Top and ride your way back into the Peak s industrial past. Middleton Top is just over 4 km along the High Peak trail from High Peak Junction and houses the restored 1829 steam engine which hauled wagons up the incline.

13 Quenching urban thirst With the industrial revolution, people flocked into cities, which urgently needed new sources of fresh water. Town planners in the 1800s noticed the Peak District s well-watered hills and created reservoirs here to slake the thirst of surrounding cities such as Derby, Leicester, Manchester, Nottingham, Oldham and Sheffield. Birchinlee housed up to 1,000 navvies The impressive Gothic towers of Derwent and Howden dams were built in the early 1900s.You can walk the Thornhill Trail, which once brought stone from Grindleford Howden and Derwent reservoirs submerged 22 farmsteads and flooded most of the productive farmland along the Bamford and Howden railway for the navvies to build the dams. Tin Town at Birchinlee was the makeshift village that housed up to 1,000 navvies and their families. It was the largest ever settlement in the Upper Derwent and a comfortable community. There is a sign-posted trail to help you search out the remains. Access and orientation Howden and Derwent reservoirs are in the Upper Derwent. Park at Fairholmes Visitor Centre The Thornhill Trail is part of the Derwent Valley Heritage Way. Access from Heatherdene car park, north of Bamford on the Ashopton road (A6013). See Tin Town remains from the trail, west of the reservoir. Explore Further There are many more places harking back to the Peak District s industrial past than we had room for in this leaflet. Check out the Peak Time Travellers leaflet for details of Magpie Mine, the Leek and Manifold Light Railway and the Roystone Grange Trail which runs past old industrial sites.the trail is available from some tourist information centres and as a download on: The National Stone Centre near Wirksworth tells fascinating stories of geology and industry. Activities include gem panning and fossil rubbing as well as guided trails. The Peak District Mining Museum and Temple Mine at Matlock Bath offer you an exciting glimpse into the dangerous underground life of the miner. Crawl through tunnels, pan for lead and discover how it all worked. Check out the Derwent Valley Mills World Heritage Site web site for details of 17 attractions in that area: All tourist information centres can help you with further information about places to visit in the Peak District.

14 This leaflet is one of a series of new Peak Experience guides to the heritage of the Peak District. Explore the wild and the historic starting from here. Inside, you ll find places to visit in the Peak s beautiful countryside and historic villages, well-served by holiday accommodation, cafés, restaurants and shops. Look out for other guides in the series.visit the web site for further details and even more places to visit. TRAVELINE Written by Omar Sattuar (TellTale) Photos by: Bill Bevan, Paul Deakin, Derbyshire County Council, Derbyshire Dales District Council, Derwent Valley Mills Partnership, High Peak Borough Council, Natural England, Peak District National Park Authority, Julia Reid

15 Derwent Reservoirs Visitor Centres Ashbourne 13 Market Place, DE6 1EU Tel: Bakewell Old Market Hall, Bridge Street, DE45 1DS Tel: Buxton The Crescent, SK17 6BQ Tel: Castleton Buxton Road, S33 8WN Tel: Edale Main Street, S33 7ZA Tel: Glossop Heritage & Information Centre Henry Street, Glossop, Derbyshire, SK13 8BW Tel: Leek 1 Market Place, ST13 5HH Tel: tourism.services@staffsmoorlands.gov.uk Matlock Crown Square, DE4 3AT Tel: matlockinfo@derbyshiredales.gov.uk Matlock Bath The Pavilion, DE4 3NR Tel: matlockbathinfo@derbyshiredales.gov.uk Upper Derwent Derwent, Bamford, S33 0AQ Tel: derwentinfo@peakdistrict.gov.uk Bugsworth Basin Goytsclough Quarry Buxton Grin Low Odin Mine Tideswell Tideslow Little Hucklow Millers Dale Magpie Mine Shelton Thornhill Monsal Head Mandale Mine Calver Rowsley Millstone Edge Symbols A619 Industrial Pasts Attraction Motorway Main Road B6106 Secondary Road Other Road Ecton Mines Middleton Top Cromford Cheddleton