- C2 - jha;tpl brk;gh December 2018

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2 - C2 - jha;tpl brk;gh December 2018 SOLD SOLD SOLD SOLD SOLD SOLD SOLD SOLD SOLD

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Gjpa murhq;fk; vd;gj xu,ilf;fhy murhq;fk;jhd; NjHjiy elj;jpg; Gjp ajug;gpduplk; Ml;rpiaf; ifaspg;g jw;fhd Kj Kaw;rpjhd;,J vd;w Gjpa gpujkh kfpe;j,uh[gf;r $wpf; fhz;buf;fpwhh. ghuhskd;wr;rk;gpu jhag;gb guk;ghd;ik gyks;s xu fl;rpapd; jiyth gpujkuhf epakpf; fg;glntz;lk;. mth ghuhskd;wj;jp jpf;fg; gpd;nghlg;gl;lj. [dhjpgjp rdehafj;jf;f vjpuhf ele;jfhs;s fpwhh vd;gjid cwjpg;glj;j If;fp anjrpaf;fl;rp ghuhskd;wj;ijf; $l; Ltjw;fhd Kaw;rpia Nkw;fhz;lJ. ehk uh[gf;r cl;gl me;j mzpapdh gyuk; jkf;nf ghuhskd;wj;jp guk; ghd;ik,ug;gjid ep&gpf;f KbAk; vd kf;fsf;fj; jupag;glj;jj; jhlq; fpapue;jdh. jdpahutuf;f 3 kp yp ad; tiu,yq;rkhff; fhlf;fg;gl; ljhf tspte;j jft fis uh[gf;r jug;gpdh kwj;jpue;jik Fwpg;gplj;jf; fj. - m. fzgjpg;gps;is - ypapuf;fpwhh. gpujkh kfpe;jtf;f vjpuhd ek;gpf;if ap yhg; gpnuuiz kpjhd thf;flg;g,uz;l jlitfsk; If;fpa Njrpaf; fl;rpf;fr; rhjfkhd tw;wpahff; Fwpg; gplg;gl;bue;jhyk; mjid kfpe;j jug; gpdnuh [dhjpgjpnah Vw;Wf;fhz;L xf;nlhgh 26f;F Kd;ida epiyf;f mur raw;ghlfis vlj;jr; r yj; jaf;fk; fhs;sfpwhhfs;.,d;dkk; vj;jidtpjkhd cghaq;fs;,uf;fk; vd;gjhf xt;thd;whfg; gupl;rpj;jg;,jp Kf;fpakhd tplaq;fs; gy cs; sd. gpujkh kfpe;jtpd; epakdk; mu rpaw;jpl;lj;jf;f Kuzhd raw;ghl vd;gj Kjd;ikahdJ. e yhl;rp mu rhq;fj;jh [dhjpgjpapd; tpug;gj;jpd; Ngup mtuf;fupa mjpfhuq;fisg; gwpj;j murpaw;wpl;lj;jpd; 19tJ jpuj; jj;jpid [dhjpgjp,g;ghoj Vw;Wf; fhs;stp iy. 19tJ jpuj;jj;jpd; %yk; [dhjpgjpf;fpue;j gy mjpfhuq;fs; ghuhskd;wj;jpw;f toq;fg;gl;buf;fp wj. mjd;gb murpaw;wpl;lj;jpid kpwpr; raw;gl;buf;fpwhh vd;w thjk; gut yhf Kd;itf;fg;gl;bUe;jJ. murpaw;wpl;l khw;wj;jf;fg; ghuhskd; wj;jp %d;wp,uz;l guk;ghd;ik,ue;jpuf;fntz;lk; m yj kf;fs; MizAld; ra;ag;gl;buf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;gj kw;iwa thjk;. [dhjpgjp NjH jyp ikj;jpupapdh fhlf;fg;gl;l thf;fwjpapd; mbg;gilap jhd; jpuj; jk; fhz;ltug;gl;lj. mj kf;fsh izf;f xg;ghdj vd;gj kf;fshiz vd;gjw;f tyr;nrhj;jj. 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V.,uh[Re;juk; 83 P. tpf;nd];tud; fhfpj kpuff; fhl;rpr;rhiy 86 fd; ypa+ jkpop : vd;.nf. kfhypq;fk; ghujpak; GJikg; gz;zk;92 ikjpyp jahepjp ghhj;jf;fhz;buf;fpwhhfs;.,wjpahf uzpyf;f vjpuhd kj;jpatq;fp gpiz Kwp Nkhrbiaf; ifapylf;ftpug; gjhfr; ra;jpfs; tspte;js;sd. [dhjpgjp rpwpnrd gpujkh uzpyld; NrHe;J raw;glkbahj. vf;fhuzq; fhz;lk; mtiu kpz;lk; gpujkuhf;f KbahJ vdg; gpbthjkhf,uf;fpwhh. murpa jpl;lj;jpd;gb,d;dk; RkhH 19 khjq;fshtj ghuhskd;wkk; mu rhq;fkk;,uf;fntz;lk;. xd;wk; rhj fkhf, yhtpb If;fpa Njrpaf;fl; rpiaf; $WNghl;Lf; Fog;gj;ij Vw;g Lj;jKbAk; vd;gj mthfsj ek; jhlu;jy; 10k; gf;fk; G+Tyfpd; Xirfs; 94 K. G\;guh[d; tp.vd;. kjpmofd; rh Yk; ra;jpfs; 100 Nrhf;f Nyh rz;kfehjd; el;rj;jpuq;fspd; murp 103 m.kj;jypq;fk; NrhoHfhy,yf;fpak;: fypq;fj;jg;guzp 107 eh.rg;gpukzpad; Nkhfdhq;fp - tuyhw fld; thq;fpa tuyhw;wg; GidTtpLgl fsp,ue;j jtphf;f Kbahikf;F - III 109 v];.rj;anjtd; rlq;f 113 r tk; mushde;jk; xu JNuhfpapd;(?) fij 117 t ypguk; Rfe;jd;

- 4 - jha;tpl brk;gu; December 2018 jhopyhshfspd; Gjpa gy cupikfs; gwpg;g fhd;rntw;wp murpd;,d;ndhh gha;r; r. jhopyhshfspd; Gjpa gy cupikfs; gwpg;g. mbg;gilr;rk;gsk; $15,uj;J!

6 - 4 - jha;tpl brk;gu; December 2018 jhopyhshfspd; Gjpa gy cupikfs; gwpg;g fhd;rntw;wp murpd;,d;ndhh gha;r; r. jhopyhshfspd; Gjpa gy cupikfs; gwpg;g. mbg;gilr;rk;gsk; $15,uj;J!! mbg;gilr;rk;gsk; $15 MFtjw;F,d;Dk; fpl;lj;jl;l 7 tulq;fspw;f Nk fhj;jpuf;fntz;ba epiy!! jhopyhshfspw;f toq;fg;gl;bue;j rk;gsj;jld; $ba RfaPd tplg;g,uj;j!! jhop rl;lq;fis kpwk; Kjyhsp fspw;f jz;lg;gzk; Fiwg;G!! kf;fsf;fhfnt ehd; (For the people) vd;w thrfj;jld; NjHjyp td;w Ml;rpaikj;j lf;nghhl; jiyikapyhd xd;uhwpnahtpd; Gjpa fhd;rntw;wp murpdh jhopyhshfspd; Gjpa cup ikfs; gytw;iw gwpf;f> fhz;l tug; gl;l Bill 47 - Makig Otario Ope for Busiess Act, 2018 vd;w 47,yf;fr; rl;lk; xd;uhwpnah ghuhskd;wj;jp fhd;rntw;wp ghuhskd;w cwg;gpdh fspd; guk;ghd;ik MjuTld; epiw NtwpaJ. fle;jtulk; 2017 etk;gup rl;lkhf; fg;gl;l Bill 148- Fair work places ad better jobs Act vd;w 148tJ,yf;fr; rl;lk; jhopyhshfspw;f gy ed;ikfisf; fhz;lte;jpue;jj.,e;j rl; lk; jhd; $11.60 Mf,Ue;j mbg;gilr; rk;gsj;ij $15 Mf mjpfupf;fj;jjld;>,t;tulk; [dtupapypue;j $14 Mf Tk;> 2019 [dtup Kjyhk; jpfjpapyp Ue;J $15 MfTk; mkyf;f tuk; gbak; rl;lkhf;fgl;bue;jj.,e;j 148 MtJ,yf;fr;rl;lk; gy ed;ikfis jhopyhshfspw;f fhz;l te;jpue;jj. Fwpg;ghf,jp xd;whupnah tho; guz;ghd;ikahd jkpo;kf;fs; cl;gl,e;ehl;bw;f FbNawp te;jthfs; gz;fs; cl;gl fpl;lj;jl;l,uz;l kp ypad; kf;fs;,jd; ed;ikfis,t;tulk; [dtupapypue;j mdgtpf;f jhlq;fpapue;jhhfs;.,e;j 148k;,yf;fr; rl;lj;jp Fwpg;ghf gpd;tuk; khw;wq;fs; cs;slf;fg;gl; bue;jd> $11.60 Mf,Ue;j mbg;gilr; rk; gsk; $14 Mf [dtup 1> 2018 ypue;j mjpfupj;jpue;jjld; [dtup 1> 2019 ypue;j $15 Mf mjpfupj;j> xf; NlhgH 1> 2019 ypue;j tho;f;ifr; rytr;rl;lz;zpw;nfw;g $15 lhy upypue;j tulh tulk; mjpfupf; fg;glk; vd;w rl;lkhf;fg;gl;lj. rk;gsj;jld; $ba 2 ehl;fs; - Rf tpd yptld; (2 paid sick days) khj;jk; 10 ehl;fs; mtru Njitfspd; epkphj; jk; tulj;jpw;f 10 ehl;fs; jhop ghjfhfg;gld; $ba ypt mtru - RfaPd ypt vlf;fk; jhop yhshfsplk; itj;jpaupd; Fwpg;ig (Doctor Note) Kjyhspfs; NfhuKb ahj. xnukhjpahd Ntiy ra;ak; rf jhopyhshfspw;fk; xnuasthd rk;gsk; toq;fg;glntz;lk; (Equal Pay for Equal Work). jhopyhspahfpa cq;fspw;f> tpl Kiw rk;gsk;> ghjtplkiw> Nky jpf Neuk; cl;gl jhopyhspf;f fpilf;fntz;ba cupikfis m yj fhlg;gdtfsp,ue;j jtphg; gjw;fhf Kjyhspfs; cq;fis jdp ahh xg;ge;jfhuh vd gpioahf Fwpg;gpLtij rl;ltpnuhjkhf;ftj ld;> mg;gb cq;fis jtwhf Rah jpd xg;ge;jfhuh vd miog;gpd; epq;fs; jhop mikr;rp Kiwg; ghl ra;j cq;fspw;f cz;ikap fpilf;fntz;ba rk;gsq;fis Nfl; Fk; gl;rj;jp Kjyhspjhd; ep&gpf;f Ntz;Lk; Vd; epq;fs; cz;ikap jhopyhsp, iyad;w. rl;lj;ij kpwk; jhopyhshfspw;f jz;lg;gzk; mjpfupf;fg;gl;lj.,j jtwhd Kjyhspfs; rl;lq;fis kpw tj Fiwf;f cjtpahfpaj. Labour Relatio Act ( LRA) khw; wq;fis Vw;gLj;jp Fwpg;gpl;l rpy jhop Jiwfspw;F - jhop rq;fq; fis (uios) mikg;gj,yfkiw mwpkfg;glj;jg;gl;lj. Mdh,e;j 148tJ,yf;f rl;lj;ij,uj;j ra;ar; rh yp xd;uhwpnah tpd; Kjyhspfis gpujpepjpj;jtg;g Lj;Jk; xd;uhwpnah thj;jfrk;nksdk; (Otario Chamber of Comer) Gjpa xd; uhwpnah murhq;fk; gjtpf;f te;j rpy khjq;fsp kpz;lk; Nfhupf;ifia itj; jpue;jj.,e;j Nfhupf;iff;Fk;> murpd; 47k; rl; ltiugpw;fk; flikahd vjphg;ig jhopyhspfspd; cupikfspw;fhf ghl glk; 15 ad fairess vd;w mikg;g juptpj;j te;jj ahtuk; mwpe;jnj. mj;jld; gy rpwpauf jhopyf Kj yhspfs; (Small busiess owers)k; 148k;,yf;fr;rl;lj;jpw;F Mjupj;Jk;> 47,yf; fr; rl;lj;jpw;f vjphg;gk; juptpj;jpue; jdh.,j gw;wp KjyhspfsJ NeHfh z fisg; ghhitapl lliace.ca/vd;w,izj;jsj;jpw;f r Yq;fs;.,Ug;gpDk;> jhopyhshfsj Nfhupf;if fisg; Gwe;js;sp> xd;uhwpnah thj;jf rk;nksdj;jpd;,f;nfhupf;ifapid rtpklj;j xd;uhwpnahtpd; lf;nghhl; jiyikapyhd Gjpa mur,e;j Fair workplaces better jobs vd;w 148tJ,yf;f rl;lj;jp %yk; jhopyhshfspw;f gy ed;ikfis fhlj;j Kf;fpa gfjpf sp khw;wq;fisf; fhz;ltutjw;fhf xd;uhwpnahit thj;jfj;jpw;fhd khfh zkhf cuthf;fj - Makig Otario Ope for Busiess Act vd;w 47k;,yf;fr; rl;lj;ij>,e;jtulk; xf;nlhgh 26 xd;uhwpnahg; ghuhskd;wj;jp jhopy; mikr;rh Laurie Scott rkhg;gpj;jpue; jhh. mj;jld; epd;wtplhk > jhopyhshfs;> kf;fs;> khzthfs;> rl;lj;jiw kw;wk; kf;fs; NrtfHfs;> itj;jpahfs;> itj; jpa CopaHfs;> kjj;jiythfs;> rpwpa Kjyhspfs; cl;gl g yhapuf;fzf; fhdthfspd; vjphg;igak; kpwp> Ntf Ntfkhf,t; 47k;,yf;f rl;ltiugpd; kpjhd Kjyhk;>,uz;lhk; thf;flg;ig elj;jp Kbj;J> mjd;,wjp thf;f Lg;ig etk;gh 20 xd;uhwpnah ghuh Skd;wp elj;jpapue;jnghjk;> mj gpd;dh etk;gh 21w;F xj;jpitf;fg; gl;l> etk;gh 21> 2018 fhd;rntw;wp fl;rpapd; ghuhskd;w cwg;gpdhfspd; guk;ghd;ikahd thf;ifg;gw;w rl;lkhf epiwntwpas;sj.,jid Mjupj;J 69 ghuhskd;w cwg;gpdhf Sk; vjphj;j 45 ghuhskd;w cwg;gp dhfsk; thf;fspj;jpue;jdh. rpy ghuh Skd;w cwg;gpdhfs;,wjp thf;f Lg;G ele;j etk;gh 21k; jpfjp ghuh- Skd;wpw;F r%fkspj;jpuf;ftp iy. etk;gh 20> 2018 > 47k;,yf;f rl;lt iug kpjhd,wjpf;fl;l thf;flg;g eilgw;wf;fhz;bue;jnghj ghhit ahshfs; gyh jkj 47tJ,yf;fr;rl; lj;jpw;f jkj vjphg;ig ghuhskd; wj;jpw;fs;nsna ghuhskd;w cwg;gp dhfs; kw;wk; MSeH Kd;ghfNt jq; fs; flk; vjphg;igf; fhl;bapue;jjld; gpd;dh etk;gh 21w;F mjd;,wjp thf;flg;g xj;jpitf;fg;gl;ljld; ehlhskd;wkk; xj;jpitf;fg;gl;lj Fwpg;gplj;jf;fJ. etk;gh 21 rl;lkhf;fg;gl;l 47k;,yf; fr;rl;lk; fpo;f;fz;l khw;wq;fs;> jhop yhshfsj rl;lj;jp Vw;gLj;jg;gLj; jpas;sjld;,it ahtk; [dtup 1> 2018 mkyf;f tuk; vdtk; mwptpf; fg;gl;ls;sj. mbg;gilr; rk;gsk; $15 MFtJ,uj;Jr;ra;ag;gl;Ls;sJld; xt;th UtUlKk; xf;nlhgh 1 > tho;f;ifr; rytr; Rl;lz;zpw;Nfw;g mjpf upf;f,ue;j mbg;gilr;rk;gsk; 2020 tiu epwj;jg;gl;ls;sj. mjdbg; gilap 2020 ypue;j tho;f;ifr; Rl;z;zpw;Nfw;g rpwpj rpwpjhf (15-25 rjkhf) mjpfupj;j mbg;gilr; rk;gsk; $15 Mftjw;F,d;dKk; fpl;lj;jl;l 7 jhlf;fk; 8 tulq;fs; mjhtj 2025w;F Nk vlf;fyhk; vd vjphghhf;fg;glfpd;wj. jhopyhshfs; kfpo;r;rpahf tuntw;w rk;gsj;jld; $ba tulj;jp 2 ehl;fs; RftPdj;jpw;fhd tplg;g,uj;j ra;ag;glfpwj. mj;jld; 10 ehl;fs; mtru Njitfspw;fhd jhop ghjfhg;gld; $ba tplg;gpw;f gjpyhf kl;lg;glj;jg;gl;l jhop ghjfhg;gldhd ypt mwpkfg;g Lj;jg;gLfpd;wJ. tulj;jp 3 ehl; fs; rk;gskw;w RfaPd ypt> 3 ehl; fs; kl;lnk FLk;g upjpahd mt runjitfspw;fhf (emergecy leave) rk;gskw;w ypt> 2 ehl;fs; FLk;g cwg;gpdupd;,wg;gp fye;jfhs; tjw;fhd rk;gskw;w ypt vd mwp- Kfg;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wJ.,JTk; jhop yhshfspw;f ghjpg;ig juk; xd;nw. - vd;. kpyhd; - RfaPdk; fhuzkhf ypt vlg;gthfs; itj;jpauj Fwpg;G (Doctor Note) Kjyhspf;F rkhg;gpf;f Ntz;Lk;. -,JTk; jhopyhshfspw;f RftPdkhd jhopyhspia doctor ote w;f gzk; ryj;j itg;gjld; tpl;byp Ue;J Xa;tLg;gjw;F gjp itj; jpauplk;,ayhj epiyapyk; rd;w Doctor ote[ vlg;gjw;f fhj;jpuf;f itf;fpd;wj. Misclassificatio - cz;ikap epq; fs; jhopyhspahf,uf;fk; gl; rj;jp > cq;fis jdpahh xg;ge; jf;fhh vd;w tifg;glj;jp cq;f Sf;Fupa cz;ikahd Cjpaq;fs; kwf;fg;glk;gl;rj;jp epq;fs; Kiwg; ghl ra;ak; jhop mikr;rpw;f,dp jhopyhspahfpa epq;fs; jhd; (Kjyhsp m y) ep&gpf;fntz;lk; - epq;fs; cz;ikap jhopyhspjhd;> RahjPd xg;ge;jfhuh m y vd;w.,j fbdkhdjhd;whf,ug;gjld;,jdh gy jhopyhshfs;,e;j jtwhd tifg;glj;jypdh jq;fsj Cjpaj;jhifis,og;gjw;F,l; Lr;r fpwj.,jtk; jhopyhsh fspw;f ghjpg;igj; juk; xd;nw. rl;lj;ij kpwk; Kjyhspfspw;F jz; lg;gzk; tfthf Fiwf;fg;gl;Ls; sj.,j jtwhd Kjyhspfs; rl; lq;fis kpwtij Cf;fg;gLj;Jk;.- MfNt jhopyhshfisg; ghwj;j tiuap,jtk; kpfg;ghjfkhdnj. Labour Relatio Act - LRA khw; wq;fis Vw;gLj;jp Fwpg;gpl;l rpy jhop Jiwfspw;F jhop rq;fq; fis (uios) mikg;gj kpz;lk; fbdkhf;fg;gl;ls;sj. khj;jj;jp >,e;j 47tJ xd;uhwpnah tp mbg;gilr;rk;gsj;jp jhop GupAk; 1.7w;F Nkw;gl;l kf;fs; Vkhw;w Kk; tpuf;jpakile;js;sjld;> 77 tpjj; jpw;f Nkw;gl;l kf;fs; jq;fsj rk;g sj;jld; $ba tulj;jpw;f 2 ehl;fs; tplg;ig,uj;j ra;tjw;f vjphg;g juptj;js;sjhf Campaig research.ca vd;w,izaj;jsk; elj;jpa thf;f Lg;gp Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sJ.,J kl;lkh?, iy,d;dkk; gy jhopyhsh rl;lkhw;wq;fis vjph Nehf;fg;Nghfpd;whHfsh vd;gij ghwj; jpue;j jhd; ghhf;fntz;lk;. Ope for busiess Act vd;gj Kjyhspfspw;F rhh ghf kl;lk yhj jhopyhshfis ghjpf;fhjjhf,uf;fntz;lk; vd;gij,t;tur GupaNtz;Lk;. kf;fs; jq;fs; vor;rpf;$lhf,j jhopyhshfspw;f vjpuhdj vd;gjld;,dpak; jhopyh sh rl;lq;fsp jhopyhshfspw;f vjp uhf ifitf;f$lhj vd;gij murpw; Fk;> jq;fs; ghuhskd;w gpujpepjpfspw;fk; Gupa itf;fntz;lk;. 47tJ,yf;fr;rl;lj;jpd; %yk; For the people - kf;fsf;fhfnt ehd; vd;w jdj thf;fwjpia jhnd kpwpajhfnt kf;fs; lf;nghhl;bd; murhq;fj;jpid ghhf;fpd;whhfs;. 148,yf;f rl;lk; m yj 47,yf;fr; rl;lk; jhlhghf Nkyjpf Nfs;tpfs;,Ug;gpd; m yj jspt Njtg;gbd;> cq;fsj Kjyhsp rl;lj;ij kpwfpd;w gl;rj;jp m yj jhop rk;ge;jg; gl;l gpur;rpidfs;,ug;gpd; jhopyh sh eltbf;if epiyaj;ij vd;w,yf;fj;jpw;f mioj;j epq; fs;,ytrkhf jft fisg; gw;wf; fhs;s KbAk;. mila@thaiveedu.com

jha;tpl brk;gu; December 2018-5 - Lower rates. Exceptioal service. Coect with a isurace compay that puts cliets first. Discover why The Co-operators is the right choice for your Auto ad Home isurace.

7 jha;tpl brk;gu; December Lower rates. Exceptioal service. Coect with a isurace compay that puts cliets first. Discover why The Co-operators is the right choice for your Auto ad Home isurace. Ask us about our sigificat discouts, 24-hour Emergecy Claims Service, free Idetity Theft coverage with our Home policies, ad Accidet Forgiveess Edorsemet optio. All backed by our Claims Guaratee. Sethoora Puithavel Phoe: Fax: Sethoora_Puithavel@cooperators.ca We ve Moved Our New Address 797 Miler Aveue, Uit 200 Scarborough, ON M1B 3C3 The Co-operators Home Auto Life Ivestmets Group Busiess Farm Travel

8 - 6 - jha;tpl brk;gu; December 2018

jha;tpl brk;gu; December 2018-7 - mkupf;f tspawtf; fhs;ifak; frhfp fhiyak; m kupf;f tspawtf; fhs; ifahdj xghkhtpd; gpd;dh gy khw;wq;fis fhz;ljhf cs;sj.

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9 jha;tpl brk;gu; December mkupf;f tspawtf; fhs;ifak; frhfp fhiyak; m kupf;f tspawtf; fhs; ifahdj xghkhtpd; gpd;dh gy khw;wq;fis fhz;ljhf cs;sj.,e;j tspaw Tf; fhs;if xu Fog;gfukhf,Ug; gij ehk; mtjhdpf;f Ntz;Lk;. rpy fhs;iffs; Ke;ija fhs;if fisf; fl;lg;ghl;lld; filg;gpbg;g jhf cs;sd. mnj rkak; rpy fhs; iffs; jphf;fkhd KbfshfTk; jup tpf;fg;glfpd;wd. mit jtwhd fhs; ifahapdk; mjw;f xu tpsf;fk; fhlf;fg;glfpd;wj. mt;thwhd fhs; iffs; kf;fnsh m yj Njrk; rhhe; jjhfnth, yhk > tzpf eyd; rhhe;jjhfnt cs;sd. rpdhtpd; tshr;rpg; ghijf;f Kl;Lf; fl;il NghLtJ Ngh > rpdhtpypue;j,wf;fkjp ra;ag;glk; ghul;fsf;f mjpf Rq;ftup mkupf;fh tpjpj;jj.,jdh Vw;gl;l KWf epiy,d;dk; jzpatp iy. kwgwk; rpdh> mkupf;fh e y cwt fhz;bue;j ehlfsld; jdj cwit GJg;gpj;Jf; fhz;lj. ghfp];jhdf;f gy klq;f flid rpdh toq;fpas;sj. yj;jpd; mkupf;f ehlfs;. 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10 - 8 - jha;tpl brk;gu; December 2018 mkupf;f tspawt... 7k; gf;fj; jhlhr;rp... rt+jp fhlf;fk; euf;fbfs; kdpjj; jd;ikaw;wit vd fz;bj;jpue;jhh. rt+jp> gz;fis elj;jk; KiwiaAk; mthfsf;f rkj;jtk; fhlf;fhik Ak; fz;bf;fg;glntz;lk; vd,th Ngh];l; gj;jpupifap jhd; vojpa gj;jpfsp Fwpg;gpl;Ls;shH.,tuJ Kd;dhs; kidtp xu itj;jpah.,thfsf;f,u gps;isfs; cz;l.,tuj %d;w gps;isfs; mkupf;f gpuirfshthhfs;.,th fhiy ra; ag;gl;lnghj,tuj gps;isfs; rt+ jpap,ue;js;shhfs;.,thfs; mq; fpue;j tspnaw mg;nghj jil tpjpf;fg;gl;lj. frhfpapd; fhiyapd; #j;jpujhupah dth rt+jpapd;,sturh khfkl; gpd; r kd;.(,tiu vk;.gp.v]; vd miog; ghhfs; (Mohammed bi Salma d; RUf; fk; MBS),tH khw;wq;fis tpuk;gp dhyk;> mtupd; gpd;dh cs;s go ikthjpfs; mtiu NtW tpjkhfj; J}z;Lfpd;whHfs; vd Nthrpq;ld; Ngh];l; gj;jpap vojpapue;jhh. mnj Ngh vfpg;ijak;,th rhbapue;jhh. mwgjpdhapuk; vjphf;fl;rpapdiu vfpg;j mur rpiwapyilj;jjhf,th vojp apue;jhh.,jd; tpisthf,tiur; rt+jp mur fhiy ra;aj; jpl;lkpl;lj. JUf;fpf;F xu fl;;l gaiu Vw;gLj;j Ntz;Lk;. mnjrkak; jpl;lkpl;lthw,tiuak; fhiy ra;a Ntz;Lk; vd;w rt+jp fujpaj. rt+jpak; JUf;fpAk; Rdp K];yPk; ehl fshf,ue;jnghjk;> JUf;fpapd; vor; rpia rt+jp tpuk;gtp iy. frhfp jdj FbtuT Mtzq;fs; tplakhf> JUf; fpap cs;s rt+jpj;j}jufj;jpw;f rd;w NghJ> mtiug; gpd;dh tukhw jup tpj;jdh. mth kpz;lk; J}jufj;Jf;F tuk; ehsp mtiu mq;nfna fhd;w tpltjdj; jpl;lkplg;gl;lj. J}jufj;ijr; Rw;wpAs;s tpbnah fk uhf;fs; mfw;wg;gl;ld. fhiy ra; ag;gl;l md;w,th jdj kidtpald; rt+jp J}jufj;jpw;F rd;ws;shh. kid tpia tspna epwj;jp tpl;l> ehd; ehd;f kzpj;jpahyq;fs; rd;wk; tuh tpl;lh > JUf;fp ghyprhuf;f mwp tpf;f Ntz;Lk; vdf; $wpr; rd;whh. mjd; gpd;dh eilgw;wit cyf wpe;jit. rt+jpf;f cyfpd; gy ehlfs; MA jq;fis tpw;gid ra;fpd;wd. fdlh> mkupf;fh> jd; Mgpupf;fh> rpdh> gpuhd;];> ];gapd;>,j;jhyp> N[hH[pah>,q;fpyhe;J Nghd;w ehlfspypue;j rt+jp MAjq;fis fhs;tdt ra; fpd;wj.,tw;wp 61 tpjkhd MAjq;fs; mk upf;fhtpypue;jk;> 23 tpjkhd MAjq;fs;,q;fpyhe;jp,Ue;Jk; thq;fg;glfpd; wd. 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Mdh gpupl;ld; rt+jpia fz;bj;j Ngr;RthHj;ijf; Fr; r YkhW $wpapue;jj. mkupf;fh 2018 xf;nuhgh tiuapyhd fhyg;gfjpap 10.8 gp ypad; lhyh ghul;fis rt+jp mnugpahtpw;f Vw; Wkjp ra;js;sj. mnj rkak; vz; za; cl;gl;l gy ghul;fis,wf; FkjpAk; ra;fpd;wj. guk;ghyhd Mz;Lfsp rt+jp mnugpahtpw;f mkupf;fh,wf;fkjpia tpl Vw;Wk jpna mjpfkhftpuf;fk;.,e;epiyap jpl;lkpl;l rt+jp mnugpahtpd; Clftp ayhsh [kh frhfpapd; fhiyia mkupf;fh fz;bf;ftp iy. rp.i.v,j khfkl; gpd; r khdpd; Neub jiyapl;bd; %ynk,f;fhiy eil gw;wj vd;w $wpagpd;duk; lhdh l; uk;g; May be he did, May be he did t vdf; $wpdhh. Vd; mkupf;fh mur> rt+jpia fz; bf;fj; jtwfpd;wj? KjyhtJ fhuzk; rt+jpaldhd tzpf cwt.,uz;lh tj kj;jpa fpof;fp rt+jp mnugpah guk; MSikAk;> gzgykk; ghue; jpa r thf;fhd ehl. %d;whtj [dehafkw;w ehl. vdnt NjHj fs; %yk; fhs;iffsp khw;wnkw;glhj. ehd;fhtj jptpu Rdp K];yPk; ehl> kf;fs; vor;rpia fl;lg;glj;jk; t yik fhz;lj. Ie;jhtJ kj;jpa fpof;fp gy ehlfsp Gjpa jptputhj,af;fq;fis rt+jp Njhw;Wtpj;Js;sJ.,e;j mikg;gf;sf;f mkupf;fh> rt+jp mnugpahtpd; Clhf MAjq;fis tpw; gid ra;fpd;wj. cyfq;fk; [dehaf kpw fsf;fhf Fu fhlf;fk; mkupf;fh rt+jp mnugpahitapl;l ftiy fhs;s tp iy. mq;f,uh[ FLk;gj;jpd; jhlhr;rpahd Ml;rpNa mkupf;fhtpd; NjitahfTk; cs;sj. 9-11d; gpd;dh rt+jp mur FLk;gj;jpdH jdp tpkhdj;jp rt+jpf;f mdg;gg;gl; ldh d; jhf;fjypd; Fw;wthspfs; vd milahsq; fhzg;gl;l 19 Ngup 15 NgH rt+jp gpuirfs;. xrkh gpd; yhldpd; tshr;rpap fzprkhd gq;f rt+jp mnugpahtpw;fkz;l. FNshg upnrhr; epa];d; gpufhuk; 2001 mjh tj 9-11 eilgw;wnghj cyfp 60>000 [pfhbapdh,ue;jdh.,d;w 70 ehlfsp 240>000 [pfhbapdh cs; sdh.,e;j jhif mjpfupg;gf;f Rdp K];yPk; ehlhd rt+jp mnugpah gpujhd fhuzkhfk;. Nthrpq;ld; Ngh];l;d; ra;jp Ma;T xd;wp > kj;jpa fpof;fp Rje;jpukhf,aq;fp te;j gy ClftpayhsHfs; fh yg;gl;ls;sdh.,jid rt+jp mnugpahnt ra;jpuf;fyhk; vd ek; gg;glfpd;wj. Tewfik Mishlawi vd;w ghy];jpdpah> el epiyikahd Cl ftpayhsh.,th 2012 fh yg;gl; lhh. A Nahar gj;jpupifapd; gj;jp voj; jhsh Samir Kassir. ygdhid gpwg; gplkhff; fhz;lth.,th 2005 gl fhiy ra;ag;gl;lhh. May Chidiac kw;whu ygdpa jhiyf; fhl;rp epugh fhupds; Fz;Litf;fg; gl;l> cl cwg;gf;fis (,lj fh > if),oe;js;shh. Gebra Tuei, A Nahar gj;jpupif MrpupaH. ygdhd; ghuhskd;w cwg;gpdh. brk;gh 2005 fhhf; Fz;lh fh yg;gl;lhh.,th fh yg;gltjw;f xu khjj;jpw;f Kd;G>,tuJ je;ijahuk; rpwe;j ClftpayhsUkhd Ghassa Tuei gpd;tukhw vojpapue;jhh: cz;ik kpf;f ra;jp epwtdkhdj IdehafkdJk;> Rje;jpukhdJkhFk;.,q;F kf;fs; fuj;jf;fis> mgpg;gp uhaq;fis Rje;jpukhf Kd;itf;Fk; ghj];jykhfk;.,j e y gadspf; ff; $ba khw;wj;jf;fhd futpahfk;. For us, a real press is democratic ad free. It is a forum where public opiio ca express itself. It is a effective tool for chage. vd;w juptpj;jpue;jhh. mkupf;fhtpd; tspawtf; fhs;if vd;gj jhhkpfkhdj y. RaeykhdJ.,J lhdh l; uk;g;gpdh kl;lnk jphkhdpf;fg;gl;lj y. uk;gpw;fg; gpd;dh,aq;fk; fhs;if tfg;ghshfsk;;,tw;wf;ff; fhuzkhdthfs;. MdhYk;,ilf;fhyj; NjHj %yk; xu rigiaf;fl;lg;ghl;lf;fs; fhz;l te;j lnkhfpul;bf; fl;rpapdh,e; epiyia khw;wf;$bathfs;.,k; Kiw mjpfst gz;fs; tw;wp gw;ws; shhfs;. vdnt jphf;fkhd KbT xd; wpw;f mkupf;f mur js;sg;glyhk;. rt+jp mnugpah> mkupf;fhtplk; 80 gp ypad; lhyh gwkjpahd mz MAj jpl;lk; xd;iw thq;ftjw;f m yj mkupf;fh> rt+jpap mj;jpl;lj;ij epiwntw;wpf; fhlg;gjw;fhd Nguq; fs; Ngrg;gl;Ls;sd.,J uk;g;gpw;f xu gupa yhgkhd tplak;. Mdh lnkhfpul;bf; fl;rpap dh Kjyp frhfpapd; fhiyf;fhd jphtpd; gpd;dnu>,jidg; gw;wp rpe;jpf; fyhk; vdf; $Wfpd;wdH. vdpdk;> rt+jpapd;,e;j mz MAj jpl;lj;ij vg;gbak; mkupf;fh raw;glj;jnt KaYk;. rt+jpf;fg; gf;fj;jp cs;s <uhd; mz MAj cw;gj;jpr;rhiyfisf; fhz;ls;sj vd> epz;l fhy khf mkupf;fh Fw;wQ;rhl;b tufpd; wj. <uhdp mj cz;nlh>, iynah> mkupf;fhtpw;f rt+jp xu ghd; Kl; ilaplk; Nfhop.,uz;lhk; cyfg;nghupd; gpd;dh Nakd; ehl;lldhd Nghup mjpfst ml;^op aq;fsk;> kdpj cupik kpw fsk; rt+jp mnugpahth Nkw;fhs;sg;gl; Ls;sJ. 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jha;tpl brk;gu; December 2018-9 - Clf mwk; tp.vd;. kjpmofd; rh Yk; ra;jpfs; E} tspapl epfo;tp jiyik ciu ahw;wpa P. tpf;nd];tud; mthfspd; ciuapypue;j... xu Kf;fpakhd fhyfl;lj;jp kjpmofdpd; vojpa tp.

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Mdh >,q;f jpq;ffs; gw;wpanj vkj fuprid. jhop Kiw Clfmwj;ijg; NgZfpd;w Clfq;f Sk; ClftpayhsHfSk; jw;nghjk; rayhw;wpf;fhz;buf;fpd;wnghjk;; mthfspd; gzp gytpdkhdjhfnt,uf;fpwj. - gp. tpf;nd];tud; - NkYk;> cyfk; KOtJNk,g;NghJ gpd;ndhf;fpr; rd;wfhz;buf;fpwj. fle;j mwgj vogj tulq;fshf tshr;rpaile;jte;j Kw;Nghf;Fr; rpe; jidfsk; raw;ghlfsk; tytpoe;j kdpjfyk; kpz;lk; mbg;gil thjk;> Mjpf;f kdg;ghd;ik Kjypatw;iw Nehf;fpr; rd;wfhz;buf;fpwj. mu rpa,yhgj;jpw;fhftk; Ra,yhgj; jpw;fhftk;,dq;fspilna gifiaj; J}z;Lj > twg;ig tshj;j > gpup tpidiaj; J}z;Lj Nghd;w raw; ghlfs; cr;rk;gw;w epw;fpd;wd. Clf Rje;jpuk;; Ngzg;gLfpd;w ehl vd;w ehk; fujk; mkupf;fhtp $l CNN ra;jpr;nritf;f tbfz;l mdg; Gk; epiy Vw;gl;bUf;fpwJ.,df;FNuh jf; fhiyfs; eilgwfpd;wd. %d;whk; cyf ehlfsp,ue;j te;j vkf;f>,ita yhk; gof;fg;gl;l tplaq;fs;jhd;. Mdh,d;W cyfk; KOtJNk me;j epiyf;fj; js;sg; gl;lf;fhz;bug;gj JujpH\;ltrkh dj.,e;j Neuj;jp ghjkf;fspd; ghwg;g mjpfupf;fpwj. fl;lf;flq;fh k tuk; jft fspypue;j rupahd tw;iwj; juptra;ak; ghupa ghwg;g,g;nghj ghjkf;fsilajhfpd;wj.,ij Kd;DzHe;jjh jhd; 1980-fsp kpbah ];ub vd;w ghlewp tshe;j ehlfsp f Y}upfsp mwpkfg;glj; jg;gl;lj. Clfq;fs; rh tij mg; gbna ek;gptplf;$lhjd;gijj; jhd;,e;jg; ghlewp mwptwj;jfpwj. Cl fq;fs; rh tij mf;fntw Mzp- Ntwhfg; gpupj;j Muha;e;J cz;ikia ehk; Gupe;Jfhs;sNtz;Lk;.,ij bfhd;];l;uf;bq; vd;w rh thhfs;. vdnt> kf;fsf;fhd,e;jg; ghwg;ig epiwntw;wtjw;fupa mwpit mthf Sf;Fg; Gfl;Ltjw;Fj; JiwrhH E} fs; mtrpakhfpd;wd. Mq;fpyj;jp vz;zpylq;fh E} fs;,uf;fpd;wd. gs;spf;$lk; Kj g fiyf;fofk; tiu ghlewpfs;,uf;fpd;wd. Clfj; Jiwiaj; jhopyhff;fhs;s Kid gthfs; jkf;fhd mwpitg; gwt jw;f vj;jidnah topfs;,ue;jhyk;> jkpop mit xg;gpl;lstp Fiwth fnt,uf;fpd;wd.,e;jntisap kjpmofd; Nghd;Nwh upd; mdgtq;fs; gfpug;gltj mj Tk; jkpop eilgwtj kpfkpf mt rpakhfpwj. me;jtifap V. N. kjpmofd; rh Yk; ra;jpfs; vd;w,e; E} Clfj;Jiwap ehl;lk; fhz;l thfsf;f kl;lk y> ghjkf;fsf; Fk; kpftk; mtrpakhdj. wikeswara.p@thaiveedu.com

- 10 - jha;tpl brk;gu; December 2018 fk;nghba,dg;... 2k; gf;fj; jhlhr;rp...,dg;glfhiy vd;w rhtnjr rl;l tiutf;fs; ep&gpf;f KbahJ vd;w rpyh flikahfnt thjpl;ldh.

12 jha;tpl brk;gu; December 2018 fk;nghba,dg;... 2k; gf;fj; jhlhr;rp...,dg;glfhiy vd;w rhtnjr rl;l tiutf;fs; ep&gpf;f KbahJ vd;w rpyh flikahfnt thjpl;ldh.,e;j fuj;jfsf;fk; thjq;fsf;fk; gpd;dh > xu,dg;glfhiy vd;gij Vw;Wf;fhs;tjp t yhz;ik kpf;f ehlfs; gytw;wf;fk; rq;flq;fs;,ue;jd. Vddp,j;jPHg;G gpwpjhu ehsp jkf;fjpuhftk; jpuk;gf; $Lk; vd;w mr;rk; m yj mt;thwhd ehl fspd; moj;jk; vd;gnj cz;ik. Mdh epjpiaj; Njba XH Md;k gyk;,j;jilfisj; jfhj;jpuf;fpd; wj. fle;j khjk; cr;r msthd xu Njba epjpiag; gw;wpuf;fpd;wj.,q;f kpf Kf;fpakhff; ftdpf;fg;gl Ntz;ba tplaq;fs; rpy cs;sd. ra;ag;gl;lhhfs;. mnjngh,ugjpdhapuk; tpal;ehkpahfsk; glfhiy ra;ag;gl;lhhfs;.,it Mjhuq;fS fs; gq;fgw;wpaik Fwpg;gplj;jf;fJ.,e;j epjpkd;wj;jpid Extra Ordiary Chambers i the Courts of Cambodia (ECCC),e;ePjpkd;wk; cuthf;fg;gl;l ehd;f Mz;Lfspd; gpd;dh 2010 rpj;jputijf; $lq;fis ephtfpj;j lr; vjthapdk; rhtnjrg; gpd;dzp tsp ahfpapuf;fk; jphg;g tajhd,ut- Uf;F jz;lid toq;ftj vd;gnjhl epiwtw;wtpltp iy. cyfshtpa tifap,dg;glfhiy fk;nghbahtp tho;e;j %d;w,yl; rk; K];ypk;fisAk; mq;f tho;e;j tpal;ehkpfisak; $z;nlhl mopf;f Kaw;rpj;jhHfs; vd;gj MjhuG+Htkhf cwjpg;glj;jg; gl;ljh,jthu,dg;glfhiy vd;gij vtuhyk; kwf;f KbahjpUe;jJ. fk;gnghbahtp rhk;,d K];ypk; fsk; tpal;ehkpahfsk; rpwghd;ik,dj;jthfs;.,ug;gpdk; mt;tpu,df; FOf;fSNk Njrpa,dq;fsh fg; ghhf;fg;glfpd;wd.,t;tpu,dq; fsnk khopah kjj;jh NtWgl;l thfshfnt,ue;jhhfs;. fk;nghba kf;fis tplj;j gpw,dq;fshd,thfns fh yg;gl;buf;fpd;whhfs;.,jnt,yq;ifapyk; ele;jj. khop ah > kjj;jjh > gz;ghl;lh NtW gl;l jkpohfs; kl;lnk mopf;fg;gl;lhhfs;. 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MapDk;,yq;ifapd; epjpkd;wj;jp rpq;fs khopia Kd;dpiyg;gLj;jp mjw;fhd gwkjp toq;fg;glkhapd; ghuhskd;wj;jpd;,jtiufhyg; Nghuhl; lkk; gwkjpaw;wjhfptplk;. kpz;lk; [dhjpgjpapd; if Xq;fptpLk;. NjHj tug;nghtj epr;rakhfptplk;.,e;epiy ap kfpe;j jug;g tpuk;gpa NjHj,d thjj;ij Kd;dpWj;jp,lk;gwf;$ba #oiyj; Njhw;Wtpf;fyhk;. kaapathipillai.a@thaiveedu.com

jha;tpl brk;gu; December 2018-11 - kiyafkk; $l;l xg;ge;jkk; rk;gs caht Nghuhl;lq;fSk;> $l;l xg;ge;jj;jpd; Njhw;wKk;: jhz;z}wfspd; Muk;gj;jp murhq; fk; gue;njhl;lq;fis 99 tul fhy Fj;jiff;F jdpahh

13 jha;tpl brk;gu; December kiyafkk; $l;l xg;ge;jkk; rk;gs caht Nghuhl;lq;fSk;> $l;l xg;ge;jj;jpd; Njhw;wKk;: jhz;z}wfspd; Muk;gj;jp murhq; fk; gue;njhl;lq;fis 99 tul fhy Fj;jiff;F jdpahh epwtdq;fsf;f toq;fpaj. me;j fhyg;gfjpap $l;l xg;ge;jk; vd;w xd;w fhzg;gltp iy. gue;njhl;lq;fs; gue;njhl;l jhop yhshfsf;fhd epajpr;rl;lq;fs; kw; Wk; ghjthff; fhzg;gl;l jhopw;rl; lq;fspd; mbg;gilap ephtfpf;fg; gl;ld. jhopyhshfsf;fhd rk;gsk; rk;gs ephza rigapd; Clhf jph khdpf;fg;gl;l toq;fg;gl;lj.,jd; gpd;dh 1998k; Mz;L KjyhtJ $l;l xg;ge;jk; jhopyhsh rhhghf jhopw; rq;fq;fsf;fk; gue;njhl;l epwt dq;fs; rhhghf,yq;if KjyhspkhH rk;nksdj;jpw;fk;,ilap,lk;gw; wj. mjd;gb 2 tulj;jpw;f xukiw,e;j $l;l xg;ge;j Ngr;RthHj;ij eilgwfpwj. Kjyhspfs; kw;wk; murhq;fg; gpujp epjpfis cs;slf;fpa Njhl;l rk;gs rig cuthf;fg;gl;lj. 1973k; Mz;L brk;gh khjk; 18k; jpfjp khjhe;j Ntjd mjpfupg;igf; Nfhup If;fpa gue;njhl;lj; jhopyhsh rq; fk; NtiyepWj;jg; Nghuhl;lk; xd;iw Kd;dLj;jJ.,jp Njhl;lj; jhop yhshfisg; gpujpepjpj;jtg;glj;jk; rpy jhopw;rq;fq;fsk; fye;jfhz; ld.,g;nghuhl;lk; ele;jnghj md; iwa mfpy,yq;if Njhl;lj; jhop yhsh A+dpad; jiytuhf,ue;j vd;.vk;. gnuuh khjhe;j Ntjdk; vd;gj mjpfg;gbahd Nfhupf;if MFk;. cyfj;jp ve;j ehl;byk; gue; Njhl;lj; jhopyhshfsf;f khjhe;j Njhl;lj; jhopyhshfspd; Ntjd caht gw;wp murhq;fk; rpe;jpf;ftp iy. vdnt mnj Mz;L Mf];l; khjj; jp gue;njhl;lq;fsp,ue;j 14 jhopw;rq;fq;fs; xd;wpize;j gue; Njhl;lj; jhopw;rq;f $l;lf;fo vd;w mikg;ig cuthf;fp gue;njhl;l jhopyhshfsf;fk; 70 &gha; Ntjd mjpfupg;ig toq;f Ntz;Lk; vdf; Nfl;L xuehs; NtiyepWj;jg; Nghuhl; lj;jp <Lgl;ldH.,e;j Ntiy epwj; jg; Nghuhl;lj;jpw;F vjphg;gj; jup tpj;j,yq;if jhopyhsh fhq;fpu]; mwpf;if xd;iw tspapl;lj.,jidalj;j 1983k; Mz;L fhz;l tug;gl;l tut rytj;jpl;lj;jp mu rhq;f CopaHfSf;fhd rk;gsk; &gha; - rptrpjk;guk; rpth[pdp - gs tplaj;ij jphkhdpj;jd. 1997k; Mz;L jhopyhshfspd; mbg;gil rk;gsk; &gha; 83 &ghthff; fhzg; gl;lj.,t;thwhd Nghuhl;lq;fs;>,Ogwpfisj; jhlhe;j 1998k; Mz;L brk;gu; 4k; jpfjp KjyhtJ $l;l xg;ge;jk; ifr;rhj;jplg;gl;lj. $wg;nghdh 2000k; Mz;bw;Fg; gpd;dnu rk;gs mjpfupg;gp rpwpjsntdk; khw;wk; Vw;gl;lJ.,jw;Fg; gpd;dh,uz;l tulj;jpw;f xukiw 3 gue;njhl;l jhopw;rq;fq;fsk;>,yq;if gue; Njhl;l KjyhspkhH rk;nksdj;jpw;fk; kiyaf tho; kf;fisg; ghwj;jtiu $l;l xg;ge;jk; vd;gj twk; Ngr;R thhj;ij kl;lk; m y. mthfs; mj; jid Ngupd; tho;f;ifiaj; jphkhdpf; Fk; jiyaoj;j mjjhd;. $l;l xg;ge;jj;jp cs;slq;fk; tplaq;fis vlj;jf; fhz;lh mjp twknd jhopyhsupd; Ntjdk; gw;wpa tplaq; fs; kl;lk; cs;slq;ftp iy. jhop gfjp - 2 yhsupd; eyd;> Ntjdk;> Rfhjhuk;> tpl;l trjp Nghd;w g NtW mk;rq;fs;,jp cs;slq;fk;. Mdh fle;j fhyq;fsp Ngrg;gl;l midj;j $l;l xg;ge;jq;fspyk; rk;gs caht gw;wpna mjpfk; Ngrg;gl;lJ. vt;thwhapdk; jhopyhshfsf;fk; tho;f;if ry tpnyna mjpf Rik,Ug;gjh Ntjd cahtpnyna mthfsk; mjpf ft dj;ijr; ryj;jfpd;wdh. xt;thu JiwrhH CopaHfSf;Fk; Ntjd caht toq;fg;glk;nghjk; gue;njhl;lj; jhopyhshfsf;f mj toq;fg;glt jp iy. fhyk; fhykhf Ntjd caht Nfhup vj;jidg; Nghuhl;lq;fs;! mj; jidak; Njh tpfs;. Njhl;lj; jhopyhshfspd; Ntjdk; Kjd;Kjyp 1937k; Mz;L rk;gsf; FOtpdh Fiwe;j gl;r rk;gs rl; lj;jpd; fpo; jphkhdpf;fg;gl;lj. rk;gs ephza rig ];jhgpf;fg;glk;tiu jhopyhshfsf;fhd rk;gsk; epah akhd Kiwap toq;fg;gltp iy. Njhl;l cupikahshfs; rk;gsj;jpw;f gjp muprp> Vida cztg; gz;lq; fis toq;fp jhlhr;rpahf rk;gsk; toq;fhjpue;jdh.,jw;fg; gpd;dnu Fiwe;jgl;r rk;gs rl;lj;jpd; fpo; Njhl;lj; jhopw;rq;fq;fs;> Njhl;l Ntjdk; toq;fg;gltjp iy vd;w $wp kiyaf kf;fspd; epahakhd Nfhupf;ifia epuhfupj;jhh. Nkw;gb NtiyepWj;jg; Nghuhl;lj;jpd; gj;jh tj ehs; jw;nghj mjpf jhopw;rq;f cwg;gpdhfisf; fhz;l mjpf re; jhit tr+ ra;ak; jhopw;rq;fkhd,yq;if jhopyhsh fhq;fpu]; jhop yhshfisg;gw;wp Nahrpf;fhJ Nghuhl; lj;jp,ue;j gpd;thq;fpaj If;fpa Njrpaf; fl;rpah Kd; itf;fg;gl;l tut rytj; jpl;lj;jp murhq;f CopaHfSf;fhd rk;gsk; &gha; 70 Mf cahj;jg;gl;lj. gue; Nfhyq;fs; muq;nfw;wk;> fiyepfo;r;rp> jpukzk;> G+g;Gdpj epuhl;l Nghd;w itgtq;fsf;f Nfhyk; Nghl;L myq;fupf;f> Floor Decoratio for Aragetram Weddig ad other Cultural Fuctios. Bhamii: , Mf cahj;jg;gl;lj.,e;j re;jhg; gj;jpyk; murhq;fk; Njhl;lj;jhopyh shfspd; Ntjdk; Fwpj;J ve;j elt bf;ifak; vlf;fhk mepjp,ioj; jj.,e;j tplaj;jp gue;njhl;l jhopw;rq;fq;fsk; murhq;fj;jpw;f moj;jk; fhlf;fhk mikjpfhj;jd. 1984k; Mz;L,yq;if jhopyhsh fhq;fpu]pd; kiwe;j jiyth jhz; ilkhd; jiyikap rk;gs mjpfupg; gpw;fhd Nghuhl;lk; xd;w,lk;gw;wj.,jd; tpisthf jhopyhshfsf;f xu ehisf;f %d;w &gha; vd;w mbg;gilap tho;f;ifr;ryt fhlg; gdtfs; vd;w mwpkfg;glj;jg;gl; lj. mj;njhl tho;f;ifr;ryt mjp fupf;fk; NghJ tho;f;ifr; ryt fhlg;gdtk; xu Fwpg;gpl;l tpfpjj; jp mjpfupf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk; vdf; $wg;gl;lj.,e;j Nghuhl;lj;jpd; gb jhopyhshfspd; Fiwe;j gl;r Ntj dk; rjkhf jphkhdpf;fg;gl;lj. MdhYk;,e;j eilkiwfs; v yhk; jw;nghj gpd;gw;wg;gltjp iy. 1994k; Mz;L jhopyhsupd; Ntjdk; &gha; 72.24,ypUe;J &gha; 83 Mf mjpfupf;fg;gl;lj. 1994w;Fg; gpd;dh mu rhq;fk; Njhopyhsupd; rk;gs tptfh uj;jp,ue;j tpyfpf; fhz;lj. mjd; gpd;dh gue;njhl;l epwtdq;fs; jhopw;rq;fq;fnshl,ize;j rk;,ilap $l;l xg;ge;j Ngr;RthHj;ij eilgwfpwj. mjtiuf;fhykk; murhq;fj;jh gopthq;fg;gl;l jhop yhshfs; jw;nghj $l;l xg;ge;jk; vd;w gaup gopthq;fg;glfpd;wdh.,d;dhu gf;fk; gupjhgkhd tplak; vd;dtd;wh $l;l xg;ge;jk; gw;wpa jspt kiyaf kf;fsp guk;ghd; ikapduf;f, iy vd;gnj. $l;l xg;ge;jj;ij itj;j murpa gpiog;g elj;jk; epiyia kf;fs; vd;w cilj;j vwpfpwhhfnsh md;nw tpbt fpl;lk;. cz;ikap xl;l khj;j kiyaf rkjhaj;jpd; tho;thjhug; gpur;rpidia xu jdp miwf;fs;,ue;j NgRk; 3 jhopw;rq;fq;fs;> KjyhspkhH rk;nk sdj;jpdh kl;lk; jphkhdpj;jtplkb ahj. fhw;wg;gfhj fz;zhb miwf; Fs;,Ue;J fhz;l murpa,yhgk; fhz epidg;gthfsh ml;ilf;fb> milkio> Xl;ilf; $iu yad;fs;> ke;j Nghrd cztfs; vd;gtw;wh Vw;gl;l mdgtj;ij czu KbahJ. vdnt rk;gs gpur;rpidiag; ghwj;j tiu kiyafj;jp fhzg;glk; rptp mikg;gf;fs;> Gj;jp[Ptpfs;> khzth mikg;gfs;> eyd;gup rq;fq;fs; vd; gdtk; fye;j fhz;lh rpwe;jjhu jphitg; gwkbak;. jhluk;...

14 jha;tpl brk;gu; December 2018 ajhhj;jg; gpwo;t Neha; r%fj;jp tho;nthhf;fhd Health Quality Otario Nrit mstnfh, e;j Nrit mstnfh [Quality Stadards]> 18 ta Jf;F Nkw;gl;l> ajhhj;j gpwo;t Neha;f;fhd mwp FwpfNshL r%fj;jp tho;nthhf;fhd (itj;jpa rhiyfsp rpfpr;ir gwh jthfs;) Nritfspd; juj;ij ephz apf;fk; xu Mtzk;.,e;j mstnfh > ajhhj;j gpwo;t Nehapd; Muk;g epiy ap,ug;gthfsf;fk; ghuj;jkhdj. ajhhj;j gpwo;t Neha; vd;wh vd;d? RUf;fkhf rh tjhdh > gpd;tuk; 5 jsq;fsp VjhtJ xd;wpnyh> gyjpnyh mrhjhuz mwpfwpfs; Njhd;Wk; NghJ> mjid ajhhj;j gpwo;t rhhe;j Neha; epiy vd tifg;glj;jth: khw;w kwf;fk; toikf;f Gwk;ghd xu vz;zk;/fuj;j [delusios]. cjh uzkhf: jhiyf;fhl;rpap NgRg th> jd;idg;gw;wp NgRtjhf vz; ZtJ> jd;id gyuk; gpd;jhlh tjhf vz;ztj., yhj xd;iw Gydh czhtj [halluciatios]. cjhuzkhf: kw;w thfsf;f jupahj xd;iw jkf;f juptjhf rh tj> xutuk;, yhj,lj;jp ahnuh jk;kld; NgR tjhf rh tj. czhj > Ritj; j > kzj;j Nghd;w Gyd;fSk;,jp mlq;fk;. rpuw;w rpe;jidah tuk; Fog;gkhd Ngr;R [disorgaized thikig]. mrhjhuz/rpuw;w cl mirt/ elj;ij [grossly disorgaized or abor mal motor behaviour. vjphkiwahd Neha; mwpfwpfs; [egative symptoms] -,jp Kf;fpa khdit> caphg;gp yhj czht epiy mjhtj NgRk; NghJ Kf ghtid/cl mirtfs; Fiwthf,Uj;j. Kf;fpa ehshe;j fhupaq; fis Kd;dLj;Jr; ra;tjp rpf; f fs;. Fiwthd Ngr;R. tplaq;f sp Rthurpak; Fiwe;j epiy. kw; wthfsldhd jhlhghl Fiw j. JiwrhH epgzhfs;> ajhhj;j gpwo;t Nehah ghjpf;fg;gl;lthfs; kw;wk; mthfis guhkupf;fk; FLk;gj;jtH fs; vd;w gyupd; gq;fspg;nghl Health Quality Otario>,e;j Nrit mst- Nfhiy [quality stadards] cuthf;fp,uf;fpwj.,jd; Nehf;fk;: ghjpf;fg;gl;lthfs; jk; guhkupg;gf;f vd;d Njit vd;gij mwpe;j me;j cjtpia Nfhu xu re;jhg;gj;ij toq;ffpwj. Nrit toq;fgthfsf;fk;> jhk; vg; gbahd rpfpr;iriaak; topkiwfis Ak; eilkiwg;glj;j Ntz;Lk; vd; gij tpsf;ffpwj. itj;jparhiyfsk; NtW Rfhjhu epiyaq;fsk; jk; rpfpr;iria kjpg; gpltk;> Kd;Ndw;wTk; cjtfpwj.,e;j Nrit mstnfhyp,uf;fk; $w;wfs;> jdpg;gl;lth R+o rhhe;j> rpfpr;ir mspf;fk; epgzhfspd; MNyh ridapd; gaup khwf;$lk;. ajhhj;j gpwo;tpdh ghjpf;fg;glgthfs; g NtWgl;l JiwrhH Nritfis gw fpwhhfs;. itj;jpahfs;> jhjpfs;> phar macists, physiotherapists> csey epg zhfs;> occupatioal therapists> r%f ey epgzhfs; (social workers) kw;wk; speech-laguage pathologists,thfsf; Fs; mlq;fth.,ij tpltk; NtWtp jkhd cjtpfs;> MjuTfs; toq;fk; eghfisak;,e;j gl;bayp mlf;f yhk;.,thfs; v NyhUk; cs;slq;f yhf,e;j Nrit mstnfh Jiw rhh Nrit toq;fgthfs; > m yj Nritf;FO (healthcare team) vd;w Fwpg;gpLfpwJ. Substitute decisio-maker > mjhtj> Neha; epiyap,ug;gth> jd; rpfpr;ir rhhe;j KbTfis vlf;fkbahj gl; rj;jp > mtuf;f gjpyhf,d;dhu th me;j KbTfis vlf;fk; NghJ> me;j egh substitute decisio-maker MfpwhH. me;j egh Neha; epiyap,ug;gtuld; fye;j MNyhrpj;J mtuila tpug;gq;fs;> Njitfis mwpe;jfhs;tj Kf;fpakhfpwJ. Otario s Health Care Coset Act ahh ahh substitute decisio-maker Mf,Uf;fK bak; vd xu ml;ltizia Fwpg;gp LfpwJ. ajhhj;j gpwo;t Nehah tue;jgth fs; vg;ghojnk rupahd KbTfis vlf;fkbahjthfshf,uf;fkhl;lhh fs;.,j> KbTfs; vlf;fntz;ba tpl aj;ij ghwj;j khwglyhk;. mnj Ngh > rpy rkaq;fsp KbTfis ruptu vlf;f $bathfs;> NtW rk aq;fsp KbTfis vlf;f f\;lg;g lyhk;. CAPACITY vd;w xu Kf;fpa gjk;,uf;fpwj. Otario s Health Care Coset Act,d; gb> jdj rpfpr;ir rhhe;j KbTfs; vlf;fk; tplaj;jp > xutuf;f me;j KbTfis vlg;g jw;fhd jftiy Gupe;Jfhs;s Kbe; jh > kw;wj jd; Kbtpdh tuk; tpistfisak; KOikahf Gupe;J fhs;s Kbe;jh > me;j eguf;f jifik> mjhtj> capacity m yj HELP WANTED A-Z, D-Z rhujpfs; Njit A-Z kw;wk; D-Z rhujp mdkjpg;gj;jpuks;s rhujpfs; Njit. jhlu;gfl;f: Rgh\;: metal capacity,uf;fpwj vd vlj; Jf;fhs;syhk;. ajhhj;j gpwo;t Neha; xu jptpukhd> guk; ghjpg;ig fhlf;ff;$ba xu Neha; epiyahf,uf;fpwj. gjpd;k tajp (late adolescece) m yj,sk; gutj;jp (early adulthood) Muk;gpf; Fk;,e;Neha; fdlhtp > E}wp xu tiu jhf;ffpwj. kugz> cl > cs> kw;wk; R+o fhuzpfs;,ize;j,e;j Neha;f;F fhuzpahfyhk;.,e;j Neha;f;fhd rhj;jpaf;$w> Mz;fsp > efuq;fsp tho;nthup > kw;wk; mz; ikf;fhy FbNawpfs; (immigrats) kj; jpap mjpfkhf,ug;gj fz;lgpbf; fg;gl;ls;sj. ajhhj;j gpwo;t Neha; cs;sthfs;> xg;gpl;lstp ghhf;fk; NghJ> jk; tajhj;jthfis tpltk; tulq;fsf;f Kj,we;J NghfpwhHfs;.,e;j,wg;Gf;F,Uja kw;wk; RthrNeha;fs; fhuzkhf,uf; fpd;wd. jw;fhiyfsk;,thfsp mjpfkhf epfo;fpwj. mj;njhl>,th fsp NtW csey Neha;fs;> kj> Nghij ghtid> Ntiy kw;wj tpbd;ik v yhnk mjpf tpfpjj;jp,uf;fpwj. Nk Fwpg;gpl;l fhuzq;fsh >,e;j Nrit mstnfh xu Kf;fpa Mt zkhf fujg;glfpwj. Nrit mstnfh : guhkupg;g jpl;lk;: Neha; epiyap cs;sthfs; tpupthd xu kjpg;gpl;bd; (assessmet) mbg;gilap > xu guhk upg;g jpl;lj;ij (care pla) fhz;buf;f Ntz;Lk;.,e;j jpl;lkhdj xoq;f Kiwahf kps;ghhitf;f cs;shf; fg;gltnjhl> Njitf;Nfw;wgb GJg; gpf;fg;gltk; Ntz;Lk;. cl epiy rhhe;j kjpg;gpl: Neha; epiyap cs;sthfs;> xoq;f Kiwahf cl epiy rhhe;j kjpg;gpl xd;wpl;f cs;shf;fntz;lk;. Ra-Kfhikj;Jtk;:ajhHj;j gpwo;t Nehapdh ghjpf;fg;gl;lthfs; jk; Ra ftdpg;igak; Kfhikj;JtijAk; (self maagemet) tpuj;jp ra;ak; tifap mjw;fhd jft fisak; f tpiaak; gw;wf;fhs;sntz;lk;. FLk;gj;jtHf;fhd f tp> Mj ut kw;wk; Nritfs;:Nehahspapd; FLk;g mq;fj;jthfs;> Neha; gw;wpa f tp> MjuT> NtW Nritfs; vd mtuth Njitf;Fk;> tpug;gj;jpw;fk; Vw;g gw;wf;fhs;s Ntz;Lk;. r%fk; rhhe;j jptpuepiy rpfpr;ir: Neha; epiy cs;sthfs;> jk; Njitf; Fk;> tpug;gj;jpw;fk; Vw;wthW cldb r%fk; rhhe;j jptpu rpfpr;irfis gw Ntz;Lk;. tpl;l trjp: ajhhj;j gpwo;t Neha; cs;sthfs; jk; Njitf;Fk; tpug;gj; jpw;fk; Vw;wthW ghjfhg;ghd> fl;lg; gbahd> epue;jukhd tpl;lr+oiy fhz;buf;fntz;lk;. kuj;jt gupe;jiug;g: rupahd re; jhg;gq;fsp > xu ajhhj;j gpwo;tpw; fhd kue;jpid(atipsychotic) rpfpr;ir ahf ghtpf;f KbAk;. Crp kue;j: mjpf fhyk; gadspf;fk; Crp %yk; toq;fg;glf;$ba - G\;gh fdful;zk; - kue;jpid (atipsychotic) tpuk;gpdh jupt ra;akbak;. Clozapie rpfpr;ir:,uz;l NtWgl;l kue;jfs; fhlj;jk; Neha; epiyap xu Kd;Ndw;wKk;, iyadk; NghJ> Clozapie kue;j gupe;jiuf;fg;gl Ntz; Lk;. jhlhr;rpahd kuj;jt rpfpr;ir: Atipsychotic kue;jfsh Kd;Ndw; wk; fpilf;fk; gl;rj;jp > kue;jpid jhlhe;j epz;l fhyk; ghtpg;gj rpwe;jj. mwpifrhh csey rpfpr;ir kw;wk; r%f-csey rpfpr;ir: Njitf;Nfw;g> ajhhj;j gpwo;t Neha;f; fhd csey kw;wk; r%fey rpfpr; irfs; toq;fg;glfpd;wd. cl gapw;rp kw;wk; MNuhf;fpa czt:,e;j Neha; epiy cs;s thfsf;f,yftp gwf;$ba cl gapw;rp kw;wk; MNuhf;fpa cztg; gof;ftof;fq;fs; cs;slq;fpa Nrit fs; toq;fg;glfpd;wd. Gifg;gpbj;jiy Fiwj;j : ajhhj;j gpwo;tld;,ug;gthfsp Gifg;gpbf;Fk; gof;fk; cs;sthfsf;f kue;j %yk; m yj kue;jfs; m yhj NtW topfsp Gifg;gpbj;jiy Fiwg;gjw;fhd m yj epwj;jtjw; fhd topkiwfs; toq;fg;glfpd;wd. kj kw;wk; Nghij ghtid jlg;g: ajhhj;j gpwo;t cs;sthfsp > kj kw;wk; Nghij ghtid xu gpur;rpidahf,uf;fk; gl;rj;jp > mj rk;gj;jg;gl;l kjpg;gplk;> rpfpr;ir Ak; toq;fg;glfpwj. jhop rhhe;j MjuT: Ntiy Njl tpuk;ggthfs;> kw;wk; Ntiyf;F jpuk;g tpuk;ggthfs;>,j rk;ge;jg; gl;l NtiyrhHe;j jpl;lq;fsf;$lhf cjtp gwkbak;. Cjpak; fpilf;fk; Ntiyfis NjlhjtHfSf;F> mth fs; Njitf;Fk; tpug;gj;jpw;fk; jf;f thw f tp kw;wk; Ntiy rhhe;j NtW jpl;lq;fs; %yk; MjuT toq;fg;glk;. epq;fs; tpl;b m yj r%fj;jp trpf;fk; ajhhj;j gpwo;tepiyah ghjpf;fg;gl;lth(muk;gepiynah m yj gyfhy ghjpg;ngh)> m yj,e;j Neha; epiyah ghjpf;fg;gl;lth cq; fs; FLk;gj;jtH m yj ez;gh/ jupe; jth vd;wh >,e;j Health Quality Otario tpd; Nrit mstnfhyp (Quality Stadards) cs;s 15 Gs;spfisAk; mwpe;jpug;gjk; rk;ge;jg;gl;lthfnshl gfphe;jfhs;tjk; gads;sjhf,uf; Fk;. jupe;jfhs;tj kl;lkd;wp> epq; fs; rpfpr;irfs;/nritfs; gwgthf splk;>,e;j mstnfhypd; cs;slf; fj;ij fye;jhnyhrpg;gjk;> cq;fsf;f fpilf;fk; rpfpr;ir/guhkupg;g,e;j mstnfhypd; cs;slf;fj;njhl vg;gb xj;jg;nghfpwj vd;gj gw;wp kpsha;t ra;tjk; Kf;fpakhFk;. pushpa.k@thaiveedu.com

jha;tpl brk;gu; December 2018 caphr;rj;j B5-13 - B capu;r;rj;jf;fspy; mlj;jj B5.,J patotheic acid, patotheate vd;dk;,u gau;fshy; miof;fg;glfpwj. fpnuf;f thu;j;ijahd patou,jd; %yk; MFk;.

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15 jha;tpl brk;gu; December 2018 caphr;rj;j B B capu;r;rj;jf;fspy; mlj;jj B5.,J patotheic acid, patotheate vd;dk;,u gau;fshy; miof;fg;glfpwj. fpnuf;f thu;j;ijahd patou,jd; %yk; MFk;. Patou vd;why; vq;fk; fhzg; gltj vd;w mu;j;jg;glfpwj. Vddpy; mndfkhf vy;yh cztg; ghul;f spyk; rpwpjsntdk; B5 cs;sj. Fiw ghl kpf mupjhfnt Vw;gLtjhy;,J gw;wp mjpfk; Ngrg;gLtjpy;iy. B4 vd xu capu;r;rj;j,y;iy vd;gij,q;f ftdj;jpy; fhs;s Ntz;Lk;. jiyj; jlg;gjw;fhd ve;j MjhuKk;,Jtiu,y;iy. mt;thwhd tpsk;guk; mg;ghuis thq;ftjw;fhfr; ra; ag;gltj kl;lnk. B5 jhtuq;fs;> tpyq;ffspy;,ue;j gwg;glk; cztfspy; Nghjpa ms tpy; cz;l. gpd;tuk; cztg;ghul; fspy; epiwe;j fhzg;glfpd;wj. fhjpf;f itj;jj; jahupg;gj Nghd;w raw;ghlfs; mtw;wpy; cs;s B5 I mopj;jtplfpd;wd. Kbe;j tiuapy; gr;irahf cz;gnj rpwe;jj. Fiw ghl Vw;gLk; rhj;jpaq;fs; kpff; FiwT vd;gjhy; khj;jpiufshff; fhlf;fg; gltjpy;iy. Tetracyclie vd;dk; Ez;Zapu;f; fhy; - utpr;re;jpupfh - Patotheic Acid Fact sheet for Health Professioals (2018) HealthProfessioal/ Patotheic Acid Retrieved o 22 Nov totheic_acid B5 epupy; fiuak; jd;ik cs;sj. clypy; mjpf mstpy; Nrkpj;J itf;f KbahjJ. jpdkk; cztpy;,uf;fk; gb ghu;j;jf;fhs;sy; Ntz;Lk;. cztpy; cs;s fhog;gr;rj;j> khr; rj;j> Gujk; Mfpait rpw %yf; $Wfshf cilf;fg;gl;l rf;jpiag; gwtjw;fj; NjitahFk;. Njhy;> kapu;> fz;fs;> <uy; eyk;. fhy];l;nuhy; cw;gj;jp. ghypay; rk;ge;jkhd N`hu;Nkhd;fs;> gjl;lkhd re;ju;g;gq;fspy; cw;gj;jp ra;ag;glk; N`hu;Nkhd;fs; cw; gj;jp. rq;fujpf; fyq;fspd; cw;gj;jp. clyf;f kpf;f mtrpakhd Coe- caphr;rj;jfs; - 9 zyme A apd; cw;gj;jp. Kd;G $wg;gl;lj Nghy; FiwghL Vw;gLtJ kpf mupjhfk;. gupnrhjidf; $l Ma;Tfs; %yk; B5 FiwghL - fisg;g> kdr;nrhu;t> vupr;ry;glk; jd;ik> J}f;fj;jpy; Fog;gq;fs;> tapw;w typ> the;jp tuk; czu;t> tpiwg;gj; jd;ik> the;jp vlj;jy;> jir typ> FUjpapy; mst Fiwjy;> fhy;fspy; vuptj Nghd;w czu;t> Rthrk; rk; ge;jg;gl;l jhw;wneha;fs; Mfpa mwp Fwpfis fhz;buf;fyhk; vd;w ep& gpf;fg;gl;ls;sj. vypfspy; ra;ag;gl;l Ma;Tfs; B5 mtw;wpd; NjhypYk; kapupyk; khw;wq; fs; Vw;gLj;Jtjhfg; gjpt ra;fpd;wd. Mdhy; kdpju;fspy; mt;thwhd khw; wq;fs; Vw;gLtJ,d;Dk; ep&gpf;fg; gltpy;iy. MapDk; \hk;g+f;fspy; Nru;f;fg;gl;Ls;s patotheic acid kdpju;fspy; Kb eiuj;,iwr;rp tiffs;: Nfhop> gd;wp> thj;j> khl;l,iwr;rp> Fwpg;ghf <uy;> rpwepufq;fs;. kpd;: ry;kd;> lobster vdg;glk; gupa,why; tiffs;> XLs;s fly;tho; capupdq;fs;. ghy;ghul;fs;:ghy;> japu; Kjyhdit. Kl;il kq;rl;fu. gug;g tiffs;: gug;g> cilj;j gl;lhzp tiffs;> Nrhah gpd;];. kuf;fwp:fhshd;> mtfhnlh> GNuhf; Nfhyp> tj;jhsq;fpoq;f> Nfy;,iy> jf;fhsp. cztg; ghul;fis jfu upd; fspy; milg;gj> ciwa itg;gj> jhdp aq;fisj; jpl;ltj> epz;l Neuk; ypald; B5,ilj;jhf;fq;fis Vw;g Lj;JfpwJ. mjdhy; B5d; ray;jpwd; FiwfpwJ. my;ra;ku; Neha;f;Fj; jug; glk; kue;jfshd Aricept, Ebixa, Remiyl, Exelo Mfpatw;wpd; jhf;fq; fis mjpfupf;fpwj. FUjp fl;bglhjp Uf;ff; fhlf;fg;glk; kue;jfshd coumidi, aspiri vlf;fk;nghj B5 vlj;jhy; FUjpg;gUf;F mjpfkhfk; mghak; cz;l. Rkr;rPuhd czt tiffis cz;gjd; %yk; B5 FiwghL vf;fhyj;jpyk; Vw;glhJ tho KbAk;. crhj;jiz: Patotheic Acid (Vitami B5) (2018) What is Vitami B5 (2018) What does Vitami B5 do (2018) Vitami B5 Everythig you eed to kow (2018) 01.php Patotheic acid (2018) Image of B5 rich foods retrieved o 27 Nov 2018 from ravichadrika@thaiveedu.com

- 14 - jha;tpl brk;gu; December 2018 futf;fhd tho;tupik g+ thf muk;gp> gpq;rhfp> fhahfp gpd;dh <w;wp fdpahtjidg; Ngh xw;iwf; fykhfp,u Gzupfs;,ize;J xu Gjpa capupdk; cuthfk; ra Kiwahd fuf;fl;l vd;gj

16 jha;tpl brk;gu; December 2018 futf;fhd tho;tupik g+ thf muk;gp> gpq;rhfp> fhahfp gpd;dh <w;wp fdpahtjidg; Ngh xw;iwf; fykhfp,u Gzupfs;,ize;J xu Gjpa capupdk; cuthfk; ra Kiwahd fuf;fl;l vd;gj caphfs;,t; Tyfp vd;wd;wk; jiof;f,aw;if Vw;ghL ra;j itj;js;s GjpuhFk;. kdpj,dkk;,jw;f tpjptpyf;fd;w Mdh Vida capupdq;fisj; jdj mwptpdh td;w Gtpap NfhNyhr;rp tuk; kdpjuh $l,g;gjpiu,d;w tiu KOikahf mtpo;f;f Kbatp iy vd;gnj,jpys;s Rthurpak;. ghjthff; fuf;fhyk; vd miof; fg;glk; fhyg; gfjpahdj jhapd; fug;igapds;,uf;fk; Kisak; m yj KjpHfUtpd; tajhfk;. capupdq; fsf;nfw;g,f;fuf;fhyk; NtWgb Dk;> kdpjup ghjthf 10 khjq;fs;,f;fuf;fhykhf tiwawf;fg;gl;ls; sj. jhapd; fug;igapds; fu tshe;j tuk;,f;fhyg; gfjpap mj re;jpf; ff;$ba Nguhgj;Jf;fs; kuj;jt upjpap kpf mjpfk;.,aw;ifahf Vw;glf;$ba rpy clypaw; fhuzpfisj; jtpu> rpy gy,d;ndhud;d Gwf;fhuzpfshYk; fug;igapds; tsuk; futpw;f Mgj;J Vw;glyhk; vd;gnj,q;f ftdpf;f Ntz;baJ. mz;ikap,e;jpahtpd; Kk;igap eilgw;w,j jhlh ghd tof;f xd;nw,t;thf;fj;jf;fhd NgR ghushfpd;wj. 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Mdh AFT Nrhjidahfl;Lk; m yj Ultrasoud Nrhjidahfl;Lk;> gpwf;fk; Foe;ijf;F VjhtJ clyp a kugzf;fiwghlfs; cs;sdth vdf; fz;lwpe;j mtw;iw,ad;wst tpiuthftk;> mjpcr;r tpidj;jpwd ldk; rphra;tjw;fhfnt,r;nrhjid fs; kuj;jt cyfpw;f mwpkfg;glj; jg;gl;ljhapdk;> NeHkiw vz;zk; fhz;l fp yhbfs;,tw;iw vd;d Nehf;fj;Jf;fhfg; gad;glj;jfpd;whh futpidr; Rkg;gjdh > futw;w gz; Zf;F cl upjpahfnth m yj kd upjpahfnth ghjpg;gf;fs; Vw;gLk; vdk; epiyapyk; gpurtj;jf;fg; gpd;dh Foe;ijf;F cl upjpahd m yj kndhupjpahd ghjpg;gf;fnsw;glk; vdk; epiyapynk fuf;fiyg;gpw;f mdkjp toq;fg;glfpd;wj. futp cs;s Foe;ijapidf; fiyf;fk; Kbtpid vlf;fk; cupikapidr; rl;lk; fu Tw;w gz;zf;fk; futpd; je;ijf; Fk; toq;fpdhyk;>,j jhlhgp,wjp KbT vlf;fk; cupik kuj;jth xutuf;nf cz;l. 12 thuq;fsf;f cl;gl;l futpidf; fiyg;gjid KbT ra;ak; cupik gjpt ra;ag;gl;l - =uhftd; - fdbar;rl;lq;fs; Ntz;Lfpd;wd. mj; Jld; fu 20 thuq;fsf;fl;gl;l KjpHr;rp epiyapykpuj;j Ntz;Lk;. 20 thuq; fsf;f Nk vdpd; rpy tpnrl epge; jidfspd; Ngup kuj;jthfspd; top fhl;ljyld;,wjp KbTfis vlf; Fk; mjpfhuk; fdba epjpkd;wj;jf;nf cupj;jhdj. jw;nghija epytug;gb fuf;fiyg; ghdj cyfp 133 ehlfsp rl;lg+h tkhdjhftk; 65 ehlfsp jil ra;ag;gl;ljhd;whftks;sj. fuf; ghypa td;fhlikapdh ghjpf;fg; gl;l xu gz; mjdh futw;wpue;j epiyap me;jg; gz;zpd; fhg;gj;jp idf; fiyf;f Kk;ig cah epjpkd; wk; mdkjp kwj;j tpl;lj. ghypa td;gzhtpdh ghjpf;fg;gl;l gz; zpd; fu 27 thuq;fs; tshe;jtpl;l epiyap fuf;fiyg;gr; ra;tj jhapd; capuf;nf Mgj;jhdJ vd kuj;jth fs; juptpj;jdh.,jidf; fuj;jpw; fhz;l epjpgjpfs;> xu gz;zpd; fug;igap tsuk; futf;f tho;t jw;fhf cs;s cupikfisak; ft dj;jp vlj;jf;fhs;s Ntz;Lkdj; jphg;g toq;fpdh.,t;tplj;jpw; ftdpf;f Ntz;ba tplak;,jnt. fdlh cl;gl cyfq;fks;s gy [dehaf ehlfsp me;je;j ehl; bd; Fbkf;fs; Rje;jpukhf tho;tjw; fhd cupikfs; cs;sd. Mdh Nfs;tp vd;dtdp capus;s kdpj Uf;F epfuhd cupikfs; xu gz; zpd; tapw;wp tsuk; futf;fk; cz;lh vd;gnj.,j jhlhgp,j tiu vt;tpjf; fuj;jf;fnsh m yj Nfs;tpfNsh gfpug;gl;ljp iy Vddp fu vdk; rh Yf;fhd tiua iwahdj kpf mz;ikf;fhyj;jpnyna rl;lg+htkhf tiuawf;fg;gl;ls;sj. xu gz;zpd; fug;igap Mz;> gz; Gzupfs;,uz;Lk;,ize;J vl;lhtj thuj;jp > mjhtj 57tJ ehspypue;j Foe;ij gpwf;fk; tiu mj fu (Embryo) vd tiuawf;fg; gl;lj.,jd}lhf Kfpo;j;J vok; gpujpaplhf gz; Foe;ijfis tpl Mz; Foe;ijfisNa tpuk;gk; fpioj;nj ar; rkjhaq;fsp futw;wpuf;fk; gz;zpd; fug;igj; jput (Amiotic Fluid) khjpup rpwpjst vlf;fg;gl;l Ma;tfj;jp Nrhjid ra;ag;glk; kuj;jt eilkiwahd Amiocetesis / AmioticFluidTest- AFT) Clhfg; gpwf;fg;nghfk; Foe;ij Mzh m yj gz;zh vdf; fz;lwpe;j> gz; zhftpue;jh fuitf; fiyj;j tplk; fh^ukk; muq;nfwj; jhlq;fpaj. fs; vdg; ghhj;jphfsh?,jdbg;gil ap 1980 Kj 2010 tiuahd 30 Mz;L fhyg; gfjpf;fs;,e;jpahtp kl;lk; xu Nfhbf;Fk; Nkw;gl;l fuf;fiyg; Gf;fs; ra;ag;gl;ls;sjhak; cyfp,e;jpahtpnyna,f;fhlik mjpfs tp,d;wtiu eilgw;w tutjhf Tk; rhtnjr kuj;jt Ma;twpf;iffs; rhd;w gfhfpd;wd. Mdh,t;tplak; jhlhghd kwgf; fj;jpidak; ghhf;f Ntz;baJ kpf mtrpak;. Vddp gz;rprf; fhiy vdk; eilkiwapidj; jtputk; fu tpys;s xu Foe;ijiaf; fiyg;g jw;f NtW gy fhuzq;fsk; epr;ra khf cs;sd. cjhuzkhfg; ghypa td;fhlikf;f Mshd xu gz; futw;wh mf;futpidf; fiyf;f ghjpf;fg;gl;l gz; tpuk;gyhk;. mjw; fhd cupikak; mg;gz;zf;fz;l. mnjngh jk;gjpfs; jhlhgp Foe;ij gw;wf; fhs;s tpug;gk;, yhj NghjpYk;> fuitr; Rkf;fg; gz; jahuhf, yhj re;jhg;gj;jp Yk;> fuj;jil topfs; gydspf;fhj epiyapyk; xu gz; jdj fuitf; fiyf;fk; Kbtpid vlf;f Neuplyhk;. kjupjpahf Nehf;Fifap,e;J> Gj;j> fpwp];jt kjq;fs; mlq;fyhfg; g NtW kjq;fsk; fuf;fiyg;gpidg; ghtk; vd;nw flikahf kwjypj;j tufpd;wd. vdpdk; mjpfupf;fk; kf; fl;jhif> jtwhd eghfsplk; rpf; fpf; fuf;fiyg;gr; ra;tjdhnyw;g lf;$ba capupog;gf;fs; vd;gdtw;iwf; fuj;jpw;fhz;l cyfshtpa upjpap 1971k; Mz;b kuj;jt Kiwf;fUf; fiyg;gr; rl;lk; (The Medical Termiatio of Pregacy Act) cyf Rfhjhu mikaj;jpdh (World Health Orgaizatio WHO) mwpkfg;glj;jg;gl;lj. Mdh rpy epge;jidfspdbg;gil apnyna fuf;fiyg;gf;fhd mdkjp kuj;jtupjpahf toq;fg;glfpd;wj. kuj;jth xutujk;; tshr;rpaile;j fuitf; fiyg;gjw;f> gjpt ra; ag;gl;l,uz;l kuj;jthfspd; xukpj;j fuj;jk; mtrpak; vd;gj eilkiw apw; ghjthfts;s rl;lf; Nfhl;ghlh Fk;. fdlhtpd; tuyhw;wg; gf;fq;fis,j jhlhgp Nehf;fpd;> fdlhtp 1969 tiuapyk;,f;fuf;fiyg;ghdj rl;l tpnuhjkhdjhfg; gpufldg;glj;jg;gl;l Kw;W KOjhfj; jilra;ag;gl;bue; jj. vdpdk; 1969 mg;nghija epjp mikr;ruhftpue;j fsut Pierre Elli ott Trudeau (PET) mthfsh fuf;f iyg;gj; jilr;rl;l tpjpahd Crimial Code 251 jpuj;jk; fhz;l tukf khf Crimial Law Amedmet Act rl;l %yk; ghuhskd;wp fhz;l tug; gl;l> Vfkdjhf mq;fpfupf;fg;gl;l May 14, 1969 rl;lkhf mkyhfnt> md;w Kj,f;fUf;fiyg;Gf;fhd jil epq;fp> fuf;fiyg;gf;f mdkjp toq;fg;gl;lj. Mdh,q;Fk; 3NgH mlq;fpa kuj;jth FOkk; xd;wpdh > futw;w gz;zf;f mf;futpdh Mgj;J vdr; rhd;wspf;fg;glk; gl;rj; jpnyna fuf;fiyg;gr; ra;ag;gl Ntz;Lkd;w fl;lha epge;jidaz;l. Caada Health Act,dh,J jhlh gp tpupthd tpsf;fq;fsk; eilk iwfsk;,q;f ephtfpf;fg;glfpd;wd.,jdbg;gilap 2005 kl;lk; 97>254 gjpt ra;ag;gl;l fuf;fiyg;gf;fs;,q;f,lk; gw;ws;sjhf kuj;jt Ma;twpf;iffs; rhd;w gfhfpd;wd. tulh tulk;,e;j vz;zpf;ifahdj mjpfupj;j tufpd;wnjahopaf; Fiwe;jghlhftp iy vdk; mjphr; rpj; jftyhdj epiyikapd; jptpuj; jpid czhj;jfpd;wj fhz;l tug;gl;l Medical Termiatio of Pregacy Actd; gpufhuk; 18 tajf;fl;gl;l gz;zhutupd; futpidf; fiyf;f mtuj gw;nwhuj mdkjpapidf; fiyg;gf;f MjuthNdhH,J mtu th jdpg;gl;l Rje;jpuk; kw;wk; Kbt Lf;Fk; cupik vdtk; kjkk; rl;l Kk;,jp tpzhfj; jiyapl;l epiy ikapidf; Fog;gfukhdjhf;fj; Njit ap iy vdtk; MNtrg;gLk; mnj Ntisap >,f;fuf;fiyg;gf;f vjp uhndhh kdpjtho;thdj futpypue;nj caphg;gg; gwtjdh mg;ghtpahd tsupsk; kdpj capup xd;wpd; kpj fl;ltpo;j;j tplg;gl;l fhuz;akw;w kdpjg;glfhiyahfnt,jid Nehf;f Ntz;Lkdj; jq;fsj jug;g thjj; jpidak; cuf;f vlj;jpak;gfpd;wdh. mj;jld; futpys;s KisakhdJ>,f;fUf;fiyg;G eilkiwapd; NghJ typ / Ntjidapid mdgtpg;gjhf kuj;jtupjpapyk; ep&gpf;fg;gl;ls;s jhdj>,thfsj thjj;jf;f tyr; NrHg;gjhf mike;js;sj. vdnt,u jug;g thjq;fisak; xg;g Nehf;fp> $l;bf;fopj;jg; ghhf;fk; NghJ fuf;f iyg;ghdj futw;w xu gz;zpd; me;juq;f cupik vdpdk;> VJkwpah mg;ghtpahd futpys;s Kisaj; jpd; ghhitap,j jpl;lkpl;l kdp jg;glfhiyahfnt fujtpayk;. ve;jthu kdpj capupf;fk;,ug;gpw; fhd jdj caphg;gld;> mt;taphg;gp idj; jf;f itf;fk; upjpap Gtpap jdj,ug;gpid cwjp ra;tjw;fk; KO cupik cz;l. Mjyh,dp tuq;fhyj;jp tythd kuj;jtf; fhuzq;fs; VJkpd;wp> rp yiwf; fhu zpfsf;fhftk; jkj Ra,yhgj;Jf; fhftk; futp tsuk; capiuf;fiyf;f tpisnthh epq;fs; ra;tj XH jpl; lkpl;l kdpjg; glfhiy vd;gij ed;f czhtphfshf! sriragawa@thaiveedu.com

17 jha;tpl brk;gu; December

18 jha;tpl brk;gu; December 2018

jha;tpl brk;gu; December 2018-17 - Hagover,ypUe;J tplgl... kj mue;jjy; cly; eyj;jf;f jpq;fhdj vd ghjthfnt vy;nyhuf;fk; jupe;jpuf;fpwj.

rpyuf;f fsutj;jpd; milahsk; > cwjpahd el;ig tspg;glj;jk; Kiw > fhjyp jpl;btpl;ljhy;(my;yj tl;btpl;ljhy;) Nrhfk; vd VjhtJ xu fhuzj;jhy; mue;jpna MfNtz;bapUf;fpwJ.

19 jha;tpl brk;gu; December Hagover,ypUe;J tplgl... kj mue;jjy; cly; eyj;jf;f jpq;fhdj vd ghjthfnt vy;nyhuf;fk; jupe;jpuf;fpwj. Mdhy; gyuf;f> jhopyfq;fspy; eilgwk; tul,wjp tpue;jhd;wpnyh my;yj euq;fpa ez;gdpd; jpukz tpohtpnyh my;yj cwtpdhfspd; re;jpg;ghd;wpnyh kj mue;jtj> jtphf;f KbahjJ MfptpLfpwJ. rpyuf;f fsutj;jpd; milahsk; > cwjpahd el;ig tspg;glj;jk; Kiw > fhjyp jpl;btpl;ljhy;(my;yj tl;btpl;ljhy;) Nrhfk; vd VjhtJ xu fhuzj;jhy; mue;jpna MfNtz;bapUf;fpwJ.,e;j mue;jjy; kwehl;fhiyapy; guk; tue;jjiyak; Vw;gLj;jptpLfpwJ.,e;j 9 gpur;rpidiaj; jtphf;f rpy top KiwfisNa,q;F ghhf;ftpuf;fpnwhk;.,ut glf;iff;f tufpwphfs;. vg;gb tpl;lf;f te;njhk; vd;gj rupahf Qhgf kpy;iy. GtpaPHg;G rf;jp Fiwe;jJ Nghyj; jupfpwj. epa+l;ld; jtwpioj;j tpl;lhnuh vd vz;zj; Njhd;WfpwJ. glf;ifapypue;j gwe;jngha; $iuapy; Nkhjp jiuapy; tpoe;jtpltphfs; Nghy- Tk;,Uf;fpwJ. fz;iz %bdhy; vy;yhk; Roy;tJ NghyTk;> epq;sk; Rod;W te;j fl;byhy; tpoe;j tpltphfs; NghyTk; jupfpwj. mjw;fhff; fz;izj; jpwe;j itj;jpug;gjtk; kpfr;- rpukkhf,uf;fpwj. the;jp tug;nghtj Nghy; VNjh ra;fpwj.,jak; gykhf mbj;jf; fhs;fpwj. epz;l Nghuhl;lj;- Jf;Fg; gpwf vg;gbnah epj;jpiuahfp tplfpwphfs;. fhiyapy; fz;tpopj;jjk; jiyapy; gj;j fpnyh ghuj;ij Vw;wp itj;jj Nghyj; jupfpwj. jiyiaj; J}f;f Kbatpy;iy. jhz;il Rj;jkhf tuz;l Ngha;tpl;lJ. ahuilanjh milj;jf;fhz;l,uty; Fuypy; NgRfpwPHfs;. glf;if miwapyp- Ue;J Fspayiw xuiky; J}uj;jpypUg;- gjhf czhfpwphfs;.,ut ghhl;b apy; kj mue;jpaj Qhgfk; tufpwj. kidtp- Ak;> gps;isfsk; jpl;ltj jiytypia mjpfupf;fpwj. kjtpd; kpjk;> jhlhe;j Fbf;Fk; gb tw;gwj;jpa ez;gd; kpjk; Nfhgk; Nfhgkhf tufpwj. cq;fsf;f te;jpug;gj,ut mue;jpajhy; Vw;gl;l Hagover vd;gj rhy;yhknyna jupe;- jpuf;fk;. rup.. HagoverIj; jtphg;gjjhd; vg;gb? kpfr;rpwe;j top Fbf;fhjpUg;gJ. (kj mue;jtj cly; eyj;jf;f jpq;fhdj). Mdhy; kj mue;jpna MfNtz;Lk; vd;why; vd;d ra;tj. tpue;jf;f Nghtjw;F Kd;... twikahd tapw;wld; NghfhjPHfs;. kd khw;wp khw;wp mue;jhjphfs;. - tpntfehjd; - Ys;s rhf;fiuapd; mst Fiwe;J- Nghfhky; ghhj;jf;fhs;sk;. Tyleol Nghd;w jiytyp khj;jpiufis cl; fhs;shjphfs;. kj mue;jpagpd;,t;- thwhd khj;jpiufis cl;fhs;tj <uyf;fj; jpq;fhfyhk; (Postgraduate Medicie). kwehs; fhiyapy;... fhiyapy; voe;jtld; Kjy; ge;jpapy; rhd;d Fzq;Fwpfs; jupfpd;wdth? jpuk;gtk; glf;iff;f rd;wtplq;fs;.,g;nghj cq;fsf;f J}f;fk; Njitg;gL fpwj. md;w Ntiyf;F ry;yntz;bapue;jhy; RftPdkhapUg;gjhy; Ntiyf;F epq;fs; mue;jk; xt;thu ghdj;jpw;f,ilapyk; xu fpsh]; eph mue;jq;fs;. Kbe;jhy;,uz;L fpsh]; mue;jq;fs;.,j cq;fs; epupog;igf; Fiwf;Fk;. Hagover,d; gpd;dzpapys;s rpy fhuzpfisg; ghhg;nghk;: Dehydratio - kj mue;jk;nghj clypys;s eph,of;fg;gl;ltplfpwj.,jdhnyna kwehs; ehf;f tuz;l> cly; tpahj;j Ngaiwe;jtHNghy; MfptpLfpwPHfs;. (Nga; ahuf;fhtj miwe;jpuf;fpwjh vd;w Nfl;LtplhjPH fs;) Hypoglycemia - Alcohol cq;fs; <uypy; Nrkpf;fgl;bUf;Fk; rf;jpia tpiuthf cilj;j,of;fr; ra;jtplfpwj.,jdhnyna fhiyapy;,uz;l ehs; cztue;jhky;,ue;jthnghy; czhfpwphfs;. Cogeers -,it kj ghdq;fspy;,uf;fk; rpy tif,urhadq;fs;.,it,uz;l (dark colour alchhol) epwj;jpy;,uf;fk; kj ghdq;fspy; mjpf mstpy; fhzg;glfpd;wd.,it Ak; Hagoverf;F xu fhuzk;. Acetaldehyde - kj ghdj;jpypuf;fk; vjndhiy> cly; Nkw;rhd;d t];jthf khw;wptplfpwj.,jnt tpahj;jy;> jiytyp> the;jp Nghd;wtw;iw Vw;g- Lj;JfpwJ. kjghdk; cq;fs; clypys;s epj;jpiuf; fbfhuj;ij Kw;wpypYkhf Fog;gp tplfpwj.,jdhnyna mjpfhiyapny- Na voe;j mjd;gpwf epj;jpiu tuhj jtpj;jf;fhz;bue;jtpl;l> gfy; KOtJk; J}q;fp topfpwphfs;. miug;gq;f,ut czit mue;jptpl;lr; ry;yq;fs;. tapw;wpypuf;fk; czt> my;fn`hy; tpiuthf cwpq;rg;gltijj; jtphf;fk;. mj;jld; HypoglycemiaitAk; jtphf;fk;. epiwa... epiwant eph mue;jp tpl;lr; ry;yq;fs;. jhfkhd epiyapy; kj mue;jj; jhlq;fhjphfs;. mj cq;fis tpiuthf Dehydrate Mf;fptpLk;. rpy Ma;Tfs; 50mg Vitami B6 Fspif xd;iw vlf;fk; gb rhy;fpd;- wd. 50mg Fspif xd;iw tpue;jf;f Kd;Gk;> kw;whu 50mg Fspifia kj mue;jk; NghJk;> kw;whu 50mg Fspifia,uT glf;iff;f ry;yk; NghJk; vlf;fk;gb me;j Ma;Tfs; $Wfpd;wd. ( 00mgf;F mjpfkhf,e;jf;fspifia cl;fhs;tj Mgj;jhdJ. tpue;jpd;nghj... epq;fs; mue;jk; xt;thu ghdj;jpw;f,ilapyk; xu fpsh]; eph mue;jq;fs;. Kbe;jhy;,uz;L fpsh]; mue;jq;fs;.,j cq;fs; epupog;igf; Fiwf;Fk;. rpweph,uz;l thzj;jpy; tspawpdhy; cly; mjpfst epiu,oe;jtpl;ljhff; fhs;- Sq;fs;. xutpjkhd ghdj;ijna mue;jq;fs;.,jpypue;j mjw;fk;> mjpypue;j,jw;f jha;tpl gj;jpupif gw;wpa tpkhrdq;fis vjphghhf;fpd;nwhk;. tpkhrdq;fs; vk;ik XH MNuhf;fpakhd ghijap,l;lr;r Yk;. ifo@thaiveedu.com Fax: Tel: ,Uz;l thzj;jpys;s ghdq;fisj; jtphg;gj ey;yj. Cogeers Fiwthf cs;s kj tiffs; Fiwe;jsT HagoverI Vw;gLj;Jtjhf The medical joural BMJ vd;w kuj;jt rq;rpif $Wfpd;wJ.( 2/06/educatio/184.php). mj Fiwe;jstpypUe;J mjpf mst Cogeers cs;s kjtiffis,t;thw gl;baypl;ls;sj. 1. Pure ethaol 2. Vodka 3. Gi 4. White wie 5. Whisky 6. Rum 7. Red wie 8. Brady kjtld; fyf;fk; Nfhyh my;yj Nrhlh Nghd;w my;fn`hy; mw;w ghdq;fis mjpf mstpyk; kjit Fiwe;j mstpyk; fye;j Fbf;fyhk;.,J epq;fs; Fwpg;gpl;lsT kjit Fbf;f vlf;fk; Neuj;ij mjpfupf;fk;. xu kplw mue;jpajk; epiwa> fhwpg;gjw;f toq;fg;glk; cztfis cz;zq;- fs;. mj mtpj;j kuf;fwpfsha;,ue;jhy; ey;yj.,uz;lhtj jlit fpsh]py; jdpna NfhyhitNah NrhlhitNah epug;gp epq;fs; jhlhe;j kj mue;jpf; fhz;bug;gjhf cq;fs; ez;ghfsf;f fhl;lyhk;. NghijapypUg;gtHfs; guk; ghyk; cq;fis re;njfg;glkhl;lhhfs;. glf;iff;f Nghtjw;F Kd;dH: epiwaj; jd;zpuk;> xu fpsh]; Njhlk; gor;rhwk; mue;jq;fs;. kuj;jthfs; NjhilapYs;s VitamiCahdJ> <uy;> kjit tpiutpy; rkpghlila itf;fk; vd;fpwhhfs;. ( health/coditios/hagover1.shtml). Kbe;jmsT epiwaj; jd;zpiu mue;jq;fs;. Kbe;jhy; glf;iff;f Kd; rpwpjst cztue;jtj ey;yj.,j FUjpap tukbatpy;iy vd Nkyjpfhupf;F $WtJ Gj;jprhypj;jdkhdJ. epiwa jz;zph FbAq;fs;.,oe;j jz;zpiu rkd;ra;a epiwant jz;zpu; Njitg;- glk;. Kjy; fpsh]; jz;zpuld; xu Njf;fuz;b cg;gk;> xu Njf;fuz;b rpdpak; fye;j mue;jtj ey;yj. Nfhg;gp Nghd;w Caffeie cs;s gjhhj;jq;fs; vijak; Fbf;fhjPHfs;. mjpf jhfkhap- Ue;jhy; kd;ghdq;fisnah> gor;rhwfisnah Fbf;fyhk;. khg;ghusk;> GujKk; cs;s czit cl;fhs;tj ey;yj. kj,d;dkk; cq;fs; clypy; fye;jpug;gjhy; jiytyp khj;jpifisj; jtphg;gj ey;yj. Fresh Air,g;NghJ cq;fsf;f epiwant Njitg;gLtjhy;> kpz;lk; J}q;fg; Nght jw;f Kd;dH xu eil tspna rd;w thuq;fs;. Kbahtpl;lhy; ad;diy rpwpj Neuk; jpwe;j itaq;fs;. jiytyp mjpfkhapue;jhy; I]; igahd;iw jiyapy; rpy rf;fd;fsf;f itj;jpuq;fs;. Kl;il rhg;gplk;gb Mq;fpNyaHfs; $W fpwhhfs;. rpy fyhr;rhuq;fspy; ehapdila cnuhkj;ij KfHe;J ghhg;gj hagoveri tiutpy; Fzkhf;Fk; vd;w ek;gfpwhhfs;. Fspg;gJ my;yj KOFtJ ey;yj. RLePupYk;> FspHePupYk; khwp khwp Fspg;gJ ey;yj.,tw;wf;fy;yhk; mlj;jgbahf xu epthuzp cz;l. mj fhyk;. Mk; kwehs; vy;yhk; Fzkhfp tplk;.,g;nghj Xa;Tk;> glf;ifank cq;fsf;fj; Njit. Vd;,e;jj; jhy;- iyay;yhk; Fbf;fhkNyNa,Ue;J tplq;fnsd;. kpz;lk;... kj cly; eyj;jf;f jpq;fhdj.

- 18 - jha;tpl brk;gu; December 2018 Kg;gJ Mz;L fhyf; $l;l tho;t v d;dila rpy ez;ghfsl dhd re;jpg;gf;fsp,ilap ilna xu ciuahl te;j NghFk;.

,e;j tho;t Kiwf;Fk; ehq;fs; fijf;fk; m yj ek;gk; tplaq;fsf;fk; Kuz;ghL,Uf;fpd; wj m yth? ehq;fs; Vd; v NyhU khfr; NrHe;J $l;lhf xu tho;tplj; ijg; gfphe;j thokbahj?

yhz;]; ltd; kw;wk; GNshH tpjpfspd; re;jpg; gpw;f mufhikap > ghjg;nghf;f tuj;ij,yfthf ghtpf;ff;$ba,lj;jp,e;jf;$l;lwt, yk; mike; jpuf;fpd;wj.

mjtk; xnukhjpupahd mdg tq;fisf; fhz;lthfsld; $l;lhf xutplj;jp tho;j vd;gj Gupe;JzH itak; xu tif $l;l czhitak; Vw;gLj;j t yj.,t;tif czht tho;tpd; tw;wpfsf;f topnfhyf;$ baj.

20 jha;tpl brk;gu; December 2018 Kg;gJ Mz;L fhyf; $l;l tho;t v d;dila rpy ez;ghfsl dhd re;jpg;gf;fsp,ilap ilna xu ciuahl te;j NghFk;. r%fk;> r%fepjp> R+oypa vd;w yhk; fijf;fk; ehq;fs; Vd; ehd;> vdj FLk;gk;> vdj rhj;j vd;w vkj Raeyd;fis ikag;glj;jk; tpjkhf jdpj;jdpnaahd tho;tplq;fsp tho; fpd;nwhk;?,e;j tho;t Kiwf;Fk; ehq;fs; fijf;fk; m yj ek;gk; tplaq;fsf;fk; Kuz;ghL,Uf;fpd; wj m yth? ehq;fs; Vd; v NyhU khfr; NrHe;J $l;lhf xu tho;tplj; ijg; gfphe;j thokbahj? $l;lhf tho;tjp ghus; upjpahftk;> cstp a upjpahftk;> R+oypa milg;gil apyk; epiwa md$yq;fs; cs;sd m yth?... fl;llk; jpwe;j itf;fg;gl;lj. yhz;]; ltd; kw;wk; GNshH tpjpfspd; re;jpg; gpw;f mufhikap > ghjg;nghf;f tuj;ij,yfthf ghtpf;ff;$ba,lj;jp,e;jf;$l;lwt, yk; mike; jpuf;fpd;wj. NkYk;> tjpthshfspd; ghtidf;fhf E}yfk;> kz;lgk; Nghd;w trjpfis,e;jf; $l;lwt, yf; fl;llk; fhz;buf;fpwj. jfe;jthu tho;tplk; mj;jpahtrpa khdj. mjtk; xnukhjpupahd mdg tq;fisf; fhz;lthfsld; $l;lhf xutplj;jp tho;j vd;gj Gupe;JzH itak; xu tif $l;l czhitak; Vw;gLj;j t yj.,t;tif czht tho;tpd; tw;wpfsf;f topnfhyf;$ baj. me;j tifap ghhf;fk;nghj> jkpo;f; - jhrd; - Nfw;g thlifiar; ryj;j $bath fsf;fd xjf;fpapuf;fpwj.,jd; mbg;gilap > jw;nghj 65 tho;tplq; fs; xjf;fg;gl;buf;fpd;wd. $l;lwt, y tjpthshfsh [d ehaf upjpap juptra;ag;gl;l $l; LwTr; rigna jkpo;f; $l;lwt, yj;ij ephtfpf;fpwj. guk;ghyk;,se;jiykiwiar; rhhe;jthfns,f;$l;lwtr; rigap cwg;gpdhfshf,aq;ftj kpftk; tuntw;fj;jf;f tplak;. fhhj;jpif 2018,f;$l;LwT, yk; jdj Kw;gjhtJ Mz;Lfhy Nritia Nehf;fp efhfpwj.,t;thwhf vkj ciuahl fs; epz;l fhz;l NghFk;. $l;lhf tho;j vd;w fdtp vkf;fs; cld;ghlfs;,ue;jhyk;> mjid vq;f> vg;gb eilkiwg;glj;jyhk; vd;gj khj;jpuk; rw;wk; efukh ciuahlylndna,d;wtiu epw;fpd;wj. Mdh > Kw;gJ Mz;LfSf;F Kd; ghfnt r%fk; rhhe;j rpe;jpj;j r%f epjpapd; mbg;gilap $l;l tho;tf; fhd xu tho;tplj;ijg; gw;wp Nahrpj;J ciuahbaj khj;jpuk y mjid eilkiwg;glj;jpakpuf;fpwhh.,e;j Mf;fG+Htkhd raw;ghl uhnwhd;uh jkpo;r; R+oypiyNa eilgw;wpuf;fp wj. vz;gjfspd; Muk;gq;fsp,yq;if ap jkpohfspd; kpjhd td;kiw jptp ukilaj; jhlq;fpaj. caph jg;gp tho;tjw;f jkpohfs;,yq;ifia tpl;l tspnawp tt;ntw ehlfsp jq;rk; GFe;jhHfs;.,tHfsp fzprkhd jhifapdhfs; fdlhtpw;fk; te;jfhz;bue;jdh.,t;thw mfjpahf tugthfsf;fk;> Gjpa tuthshfsf;fk;> epue;ju tjp thshfsf;fk; kw;wk; gpui[fsf;fk; cjtk; Kfkhf,yq;ifiag; gpd;d zpahff;fhz;l r%f MHtyHfsh,yq;ifr; rpwghd;ikapdupd; cj tpf;fhd r%fk; (Society for the Aid of Ceylo Miorities (SACEM / Nrf;fk; ) vd;w mikg;g cuthf;fg;gl;lj. g NtWtpjkhd cjtpfis toq;f Kw;gl;l Nrf;fk; mikg;gpdh Nkw;F wpg;gpl;l kf;fspd; tukhdq;fspw;f jfe;jkhjpupahd> trjpahd tho;tplq; fis toq;f Ntz;ba Njitia czhe;j raw;glj; jhlq;fpdhhfs;.,e;j raw;ghl;bd; tpisthf 1988k; Mz;L jkpo; $l;lwt, yk; vd;w 129 tho;tplq;fisf; fhz;l Gjpa,f; $l;lwtf;fl;llk; ghtidf;fhf jpwe;jitf;fg;gl;l fhyj;jpypue;j guk; ghyk;,yq;ifiag; gpd;dzpahff; fhz;l jkpohfns tho;e;j tufpd; whhfs;.,ug;gpdk; fhynthl;lj;jp,e;epyik khwp te;jfhz;bufpwj.,yq;ifj; jkpo; mfjpfsf;f tho;tp lq;fis toq;fpajngh > jkpo;f; $l; LwT, yk; Wtz;lh> fhq;nfh> vupj;jpupah> ie[pupah> fhdh> rpny> kpad;khh vd;w cyfpd; gy ehlfsp ypue;jk; td;kiwahyk;> NghHr;R+o fhuzkhftk; uhwd;nuhtpw;f te;j NrHe;j kf;fsf;f tho;tplq;fis toq;fp tufpwj. GjpajhU ehl;b Nt&d;wp tho;tjw;f $l;lwitj; jkj tho;tplkhf fhz; lthfs; jkj tho;tp gytifap Kd;Ndwq;fisf; fz;ls;shhfs;. fle;jfhyq;fsp tho;e;j gyuk; f tp> rl;lk;> fiy> kdpj tsk;> czt kw;wk; Clfk; Nghd;w Jiwfsp,d;W <Lgl;Lf;fhz;bUf;fpwhHfs;. uhwd;nuhtp tukhdj;jpw;f jfe;j khjpup tho;tplq;fisg; gwtj guk; gpur;rpidahf cutlj;jpuf;fpwj. fle;j efurigj; NjHjypw;$l ciu ahlg;gl;l gy gpur;rpidfsp,g;gpur; ridak; Kf;fpakhdjhd;whfg; Ngrg; gl;lj.,e;jg;gpur;rpidia czhe;j fhz;l jkpo;f; $l;lwt, yk; mj jhlq;fg;gl;l fhyj;jpypue;nj Fwpg; gpl;lst tho;tplq;fis tukhdj;jpw; 30 Mz;Lfhy $l;l tho;tp gu ikg;gl;lf; fhz;lhlf; $ba mk; rq;fs; gytpue;jhyk;> uhwd;nuh tho;kf;fsf;f tukhdq;fsf;f Vw;w tifap thliff;f tho;tplq;fisf; fhlg;gj Nghd;w r%f epjp rhhe;j mk;rnk kpftk; guikf;fupa mk;r khfk;.,e;j mk;rnk jkpo; $l;lwt, yj;ijj; jhlhe;jk; Jbg;Gld;,aq;fitf;Fk; mbg;gil mk;rq;f sp xd;whftpuf;f Ntz;Lk;. me;j tifap >,e;j epyj;jpd; rhe; jf;fhuhfshd G+HtPf kf;fspd; epyj; jpnyna jkpo; $l;lwt, yk; mike; jpuf;fpwj vd;gjid Vw;Wf;fhs;s Ntz;Lk;. G+HtPfkf;fSf;F,iof;fg; gl;l>,iof;fg;gl;ltuk; mepjpfsp vq;fsf;fk; gq;fpuf;fpwj.,jid ve;j jaf;fkkp yhj Vw;Wf;fhs;sg; glntz;lk;.,jd}lhfnt epjpia Nehf;fp efu KbAk;.,e;j epjpia Nehf;fpa efhtpd; Muk; gkhfnt jkpo;f; $l;lwtr;rig G+HtPf kf;fsld; xu ciuahliy jhlq;f Ntz;Lk;. cz;ikf;fk; kpspzf;fj;jf; Fkhd Nehf;NfhL,e;j ciuahl Muk;gpf;fg;glNtz;Lk;.,e;j epyj; jpd; rhe;jf;fhuhfsf;f,iof;fg; gl;l fh^uq;fsf;fk; mepjpfsf; Fk; epjp toq;fk; Nehf;NfhL vt;thw jkpo;f; $l;lwtr; rig jdj raw; ghlfis khw;wpaikf;fyhk; vd;w mwpe;j fhs;tjw;fk; czhe;j fhs; tjw;fk;,t;thwhd xu ciuahl Muk;gpf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;. fl;lhakhfr; ra;aglntz;ba,e;j ciuahl $l;lwt tho;tpd; Kw;g jhtj Mz;b jhlq;fg;glk; vd;w ek;gfpd;nwd;. dharsa@thaiveedu.com glk;: Berhau T. Michael

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jha;tpl brk;gu; December 2018-23 - tplkiwfhy tpsf;ffs; kpd;;ryitf; $l;lkh? fp wp];k]; fhyk; mz;kpf;fpd;wj.,uthdjk; jutq;fk; myq; fhu tpsf;ffs; fz;fisg; gwpf;fpd;wd.

gf;fj;j tpl;lf;fhuh gy tz;z epwq;fspy; jkj tspg;gw tpl;il myq;- fhu tpsf;ffshy; myq;fupj;j tpl;lhh.

jw;nghj tpl;lf;f cl;gwj;jpyk; tspg; Gwj;jpYk; ghtpf;ff; $ba LED Lightfs; gy tpjkhd tbtq;fspy; ghtidf;f te;js;sd.

rhjhuz tpsf;ff- NshL xg;gplifapy; LED tpsf;ffs; 95% Fiwe;jsT kpd;rhuj;ij Efuf; $bait kl;lkd;w> gy klq;ffhyk; epd;w epbf;ff; $bait vd;gijak; ghjthf Timers 24 kzpj;jpahyr; Row;rp Kiwiaf; fhz;lit jpdkk;

ghtpf;f KbAk;. kpd;fkpo;fs;: tpl;l chpikahsh; jkj tpl;by; ghuj;- jg;gl;buf;fk; kpd;tpsf;ffis rw;w $h;e;j ftdpj;j vlf;fk; rpy eltbf;- iffs; %yk; mjpfst kpd;rhuj;ijr; Nrkpf;f tha;g;g,uf;fpwj.

rpy khjphp LED glq;fs; jft Yf;fhf,q;F jug;glfpd;wd. gpd;tuk; tifahd LED kpd;fkpo;fs; re;ijg;glj;jg;glfpd;wd: Pot lights. Three way lights.

25 jha;tpl brk;gu; December tplkiwfhy tpsf;ffs; kpd;;ryitf; $l;lkh? fp wp];k]; fhyk; mz;kpf;fpd;wj.,uthdjk; jutq;fk; myq; fhu tpsf;ffs; fz;fisg; gwpf;fpd;wd. filfspy; tz;z kpd;rhu tpsf;ffisak; myq;fhu tpsf;- FfisAk; thq;ftjpy; kf;fs; mjpf ftdk; ryj;jtijak; ghhf;f $bajhf cs;sj. gf;fj;j tpl;lf;fhuh gy tz;z epwq;fspy; jkj tspg;gw tpl;il myq;- fhu tpsf;ffshy; myq;fupj;j tpl;lhh. ehkk; fhq;rkhtj ra;antz;lnk vd;w Mjq;fk; xugwk;>,jw;fhd kpd;rhur; ryt mjpfkhf,uf;fg;nghfpwnj vd;w Vf;fk; kwgwk; gyuf;fk;. vdnt mj gw;wp rpwpj Nehf;FtJ ghuj;jkhdj. jw;nghj tpl;lf;f cl;gwj;jpyk; tspg; Gwj;jpYk; ghtpf;ff; $ba LED Lightfs; gy tpjkhd tbtq;fspy; ghtidf;f te;js;sd. mtw;iwf; fhs;tdt ra;- Ak;NghJ tpiy rw;w mjpfkhf,ue;jhyk; fhyg; Nghf;fpy; milag; NghFk; gyd; fzprkhd msthf,uf;fk; vd;gjpy; re;njfnk,y;iy. rhjhuz tpsf;ff- NshL xg;gplifapy; LED tpsf;ffs; 95% Fiwe;jsT kpd;rhuj;ij Efuf; $bait kl;lkd;w> gy klq;ffhyk; epd;w epbf;ff; $bait vd;gijak; ghjthf Timers 24 kzpj;jpahyr; Row;rp Kiwiaf; fhz;lit jpdkk; Fwpg;gplg;gl;l Neuj;jpw;F O Mfp Fwpg;gplg;gl;l Neuj;jpw;F Off MFk; tpjj;jpy;,it jhopw;gltjhy; tpl;bd; cl;gfjpapy; cs;s myq;fhu tpsf;ffs; kl;lkd;wp Nkir tpsf;ffs;>,ju kpd;rhu cgfuzq;fsf;fk;,tw;iwg; ghtpf;f KbAk;. kpd;fkpo;fs;: tpl;l chpikahsh; jkj tpl;by; ghuj;- jg;gl;buf;fk; kpd;tpsf;ffis rw;w $h;e;j ftdpj;j vlf;fk; rpy eltbf;- iffs; %yk; mjpfst kpd;rhuj;ijr; Nrkpf;f tha;g;g,uf;fpwj. xu ruhrhp gy;ntw tbtq;fspyk;> gy;ntw mstf spyk;> kypthd tpiyapyk; ghtidf;f te;js;sd. rpwpjst KjyPL ra;jhyk; fhyg; Nghf;fpy; mjpfst gzj;ijr; Nrkpf;f tha;g;g cs;sj. rpy khjphp LED glq;fs; jft Yf;fhf,q;F jug;glfpd;wd. gpd;tuk; tifahd LED kpd;fkpo;fs; re;ijg;glj;jg;glfpd;wd: Pot lights. Three way lights. - Ntyh Rg;ukzpak; - fsk; tpw;gidf;fg; gy;ntw juj;jpy; te;jtpl;ld. tpiy rw;w mjpfkhdhyk; fhyg;nghf;fpy;,yhgfukhf,uf;fk; vd;gjpy; re;njfk;,y;iy. Fwpg;G: Vw;fdNt Dimmer Nghlg;gl;b- Ue;jhy; mj;jifa ghuj;jf;fsf;f CFL/LED Fkpo;fs;fis khw;wf;$lhj. mt;thw khw;wpdhyk; Dimmerd; jhopy; El;gj;ijg; ghtpf;fhj mtw;iw KO mstf;fk; (Full) tpljy; Ntz;Lk;. jtwk; gl;rj;jpy; mj;jifa Dimmer tplk; tpbayk; kdjpw;fhs;sntz;lk;. vdnt,tw;iw thq;ffpd;wnghj gl;bfspy; LED vd;w milahsk;,uf;fpd;wjh? vd;w ghhj;j fhs;tdt ra;jy; kpf mtrpakhdj. tpl;by;,uf;fk; gioa fpwp];k]; tpsf;ffs;> tspg;gw tpsf;ffs; vd;gtw;iw ghtpg;gij epwj;jp Gjpa LED tpsf;ffs; thq;ftjpy; $ljg;g,y;iy. fhyg;nghf;- fpy; mj,yhgfu khfnt,uf;fk;. ghjthf fpwp];k]; GJtUl fhyq;fspy; kpd;rhug; ghtid mjpfkhf,ug;gj ghjthdj - jtphf;f KbahjJ. Mdhy; mtw;wf;fhd ryitf; fl;lg;glj;j NkYk; gy topfs; cs;sd.,tw;ws; Timers Kf;fpa,lj;ij tfpf;fpd;wd. tspg;gw tpsf;ffisg; NghLtJk; epwj;- JtJk; vd;gj rpyuf;fg; gyj;j Rikahf,Uf;fpd;wJ. gyh,tw;iw epwj;j kwe;j tpltjhy; tpba tpba tpl;ilr;rw;wp tz;z tpsf;ffs; vupe;j fhz;nl,uf;fk;. fhiyapy; Ntiyf;Fg; NghFk; NghNj mtw;iwf; fz;l epwj;jtjk; cz;l.,e;j,lhg;ghlfspy;,ue;j tplgl tspg;- Gwj;jpw;Fupa TimersI ghtpg;gj kpfr; rpwe;j top. mit jhdhfnt Fwpg;gplg; gl;l Neuj;jpw;F O Mfpg; gpd;dh Fwpg;- gpl;l Neuj;jpw;F Off Mfp tpltj vkj Rikia epf;f cjtfpd;wd my;yth?,ut 6 kzpapy;,ue;j mlj;j ehs; fhiy ehk; fz;l epwj;jk; tiu tpsf;ffs; vuptij tpl khiy 6 kzp jhlf;fk;,ut kzptiu vuptj vt;tst,yhgfukhdj vd;gij ehd; NkYk; tpsf;fkhfr; rhy;yntz;bajpy;iy. tspg;gwj;jpw;f kl;lkd;wp tpl;bd; cl;gwg; ghtidf;fk; gy tpj tbtq;fspy; Timers fs; tpw;gid ra;ag;glfpd;wd. tpl;by; Vwj;jho 40 kpd;tpsf;ffs; ghuj;- jg;gl;buf;fk;. mtw;ws; gytw;iw rhjhuz kpd; Fkpo;fSf;Fg; gjpyhf> LEDf;F khw;wtjd; %yk; 85% kpd;rhuj;ijr; Nrkpf;f KbAk;. mjhtj 15 watt rf;jp As;s LED Fkpo;fs; 100 watts rf;jpas;s tspr;rj;ijj; ju ty;yd. tpl;by; mjpf st ghtidapys;s kpd; Fkpo;fs; ahtw;iwak; LED Fkpo;fSf;F khw;w tj kpf,yhgfukhdj. LED Fkpo;fs; Ceilig lights ad lamps. Dimmable lights. Out door lights ad flood lights. tpl epiwa Pot Loghtfisg; Nghl;Ltpl;L mjw;f LED Fkpo;fis thq;f Kbatpy;iyNa vd;w Vq;fpf; fhz;buf;fk; Gjpa tpl;l cupikahsuf;fk; tpnkhrdk; te;j tpl;lj. mtw;wf;fupa LED Fkpo;- Switchfs; my;yj CFL/LED Fkpo;fs; my;yj ghuj;jf;fs; vupe;jtplk; re;- jhg;gk;,uf;fpd;wj vd;gijf; ftdpj;jpw; fhs;stk;. velasubramaiam@thaiveedu.com

- 24 - jha;tpl brk;gu; December 2018 typikaw;w epiyapy; thfdxl;lk; x U Nkhl;lhh; thfdk;> gdpapy; efuk; thfdk;> xu fg;gy;> tpkhdk; my;yj,uapy;tz;b Nghd;w cgfuzq;fisf; fl;lg;glj;jk; my;yj guhkhpf;fk;

26 jha;tpl brk;gu; December 2018 typikaw;w epiyapy; thfdxl;lk; x U Nkhl;lhh; thfdk;> gdpapy; efuk; thfdk;> xu fg;gy;> tpkhdk; my;yj,uapy;tz;b Nghd;w cgfuzq;fisf; fl;lg;glj;jk; my;yj guhkhpf;fk; my;yj,af;fk; my;yj,af;ftjpy; cjtk; xuth; mt;thfdk;,aq;fpf; fhz;bue;jhyd;d,aq;fhjpue;jhyd;d Ntiy Neuj;jpy; gpd;tuk; epiyapy; me;egh; fhzg;gl;lhy; mth; Fw;wk; Ghpe;jtuhf fhs;sg;glthh;. kjghdk; my;yj Nghijt];J ghtpj; jikapdhy; typikaw;wtuhff; fhzg; gl;lhy;. mstf;fjpfkhd kjghdk; mue;jpaikapdhy; me;eghpd;,uj;jj;jpy; 100 kpy;ypkpw;wh;,uj;jj;jpw;f 80 kpy;yp fpuhkpw;f Nkw;gl;ljhf kjghdj;jpd; mst fhzg;gl;lhy;. mth;; fdlhtpd; Fw;wtpay; rl;lj;jpd; fpo; Fw;wthspahf fhs;sg;glthh;.,e;j egh; kpftk; kjthf my;yj kpftk; Ntfkhf thfdk; XbapUj;jy;> Xh; Neh;Nfhl;by; thfdk; XlhjpUj;jy;> vspikahd Ntiyfisf; $l ra;a KbahjpUj;jy;> cswpa Ngr;R>,uj;jk; fyq;fpa fz;fs;> kjghd thrid cs;s Rthrk; Nghd;w mwpfwpfs; re;njfj;jpw; fplkpd;wp ep&gpf;fg;gl;lhy;,th; typik aw;w epiyapy; thfdk; Xba Fw;wtpay; kpwyf;fhf Fw;wk; rhl;lg;glthh;.,tuj,uj;jj;jpy; kjghdj;jpd; mst rl;lhpjp ahd tiuaiwf;f mg;ghw;glhj,ue; jhyk; $l,th; thfdj;ij XLk; ms tpw;f typikaw;wtuhf,ue;jikf;fhf Fw;wk; rhl;lg;glthh;.,t;thw epq;fs; Fw;wk; rhl;lg;gl;lhy; jw;fhypfkhf rhujp mdkjpg;gj;jpuj;ij,og;gjld; kl;lkd;wp jz;lg;gzk; fl;l Ntz;baJld; kwpaypyk; fhyj;ijf; fopf;f Ntz;b Vw;gLk;. epq;fs; kjghdk; mue;jpaikahy; thfdk; Xl Kbahj typikaw;w epiyapy;,uf;fk; NghJ thfdj;jpd; rhujp,uf;ifapy; (Steerig wheel Kd;ghf),Ue;J thfdk; mirahj,ue;jhyk; $l> epq;fs; thfdj;ij Xl;l Muk;gpf;fhJ tpl;lhyk; $l Fw;wk; rhl; lg;gltph;fs;. rl;lhpjpahd vy;iy (Legal limit) vd;why; vd;d? xu eghpd; 100 kpy;ypypw;wh;,uj;jj;jpw;f 80 kpy;ypfpuhkpw;f $Ljyhf kjghdj; jpd; mst,ue;jhy; mth; rl;lhpjpahd vy;iyf;f mjpfkhf Fbj;jpUf;fpwhh; vd;w Fw;wk; rhl;lg;glthh;. mnefkhf Rthr ghpnrhjid,jw;fhf Nkw;fhs;sg;gLk;. rpy re;jh;g;gq;fspy;> rhujp Rthrj;ij toq;f Kbahj re;jh;g;gq;fspy;,uj;jg; ghpnrhjid Nkw;fhs;sg;gLk;. Fbf;fhjJ Nghy rpy rhujpfs; ele;j fhz;lhyk; $l,uj;jj;jpy; kjghdj;jpd; mst $Ljyhf,Ue;jhy; mnj jz;lidfs; toq;fg;glk;. Fbj;Jtpl;L thfdk; Xl;ly;: Fbj;Jtpl;L thfdk; Xl;lyhdJ Xh; ghuj}ukhd epiyahfk;. xu rpwpjst Fbj;jhy; $l mj cq;fs; ftdpf;fk;,ay;ig Fiwj;J epq;fs; thfdk; Xl;Lk; NghJ jpbud Vw;gLk; rk;gtq;fsf;f <LfhLf;Fk;,ay;ig fl;lg;glj;jk;. cq;fs;,uj;jj;jpy; vt;tst mjpfkhf kjghdk;,uf;fpwnjh mt;tstf;f tpjp apy; J}uj;ij kjpg;gplk; cq;fs; jpwd;> tpjpapy; Vw;gLk; jpbh; Mgj;Jf;fis jtph;f;fk; jpwd; vd;gtw;iwf; Fiwf;Fk;. tplaq;fis,d;dk; Nkhrkhf;FKfkhf cq;fs; ghh;itak; kq;fyhfk;. Nghijt];Jf;fSk; thfd Xl;lKk;: cq;fs; kdepiyia my;yj epq;fs; ghh;f;fk; my;yj czuk; epiyia khw; Wk; ve;jthu Nghijt];Jk; epq;fs; Nkhl;lhh; thfdk; XLk; jd;ikia ghjpf; Fk;.,J rl;lhpjpahd Nghij t];jf;f Sf;F kl;lk; my;yhj cq;fs; Neha; fsf;fhf ghpe;jiu ra;ag;glk; kue; JfSk; (Prescriptio drugs) filfspy; cldbahf ghpe;jiu,y;yhky; thq;ff; $ba kue;jfsk; $l cq;fs; thfdk; Xl;Lk;,aYjd;ikia ghjpf;fyhk;. kue;jfs; /Nghijt];J/ kjghdk; jhlh;ghf epidtpy; itj;jpuf;fntz;bait: Fbg;gjhf jpl;lkpl;lhy; thfdk; Xl epidf;f Ntz;lhk;. cq;fs; kuj;jtuhy; ghpe;jiu ra; ag;glk; kue;jfs; kw;wk; xt;thikia (allergy) fl;lg;glj;j cl;fhs;sk; kue;jfspd; gf;ftpistfs; gw;wp cq;fs; itj;jpahplk; NfSq;fs;. kue;jf;filfspy; xt;thik kw;wk; jbkd;>,ukyf;fhf itj;jpaupd; ghpe;jiu,y;yhj thq;fg;glk; kue; Jg; ghjpfspd; NkYiwfspy; vojg; glk; mwptwj;jy;fis thrpaq;fs; kue;jfsk; kjghdkk;,ize;jp Uf;Fk; NghJ cq;fs; thfd Xl;lj;ij NkYk;,ayhjjhf;Fk;. cq;fs; itj;jpaiu my;yj kue;j tpw;gid ahsiu,j gw;wp NfSq;fs;. clw; fisg;gk;> kdj;jifg;g epiy Ak; $l cq;fs; thfd Xl;lj; jd; ikia ghjpf;fk; vd;gij epidtpy; fhs;sq;fs;. Fbj;Jtpl;L thfdk; Xl;lypd; tpistfs;: Fbj;Jtpl;L thfdk; Xl;Ltij jlg;g jw;fhf tl mkhpf;fhtpnyna kpftk; flikahd rl;lq;fis mkyhf;fpas;s gpunjrk; xd;uhwpnah MFk;. tpjpnahuj;jpy; itj;nj rhujp mdkjpg;gj;jpuj;ij jw;fhypfkhf jil ra;jy;: Nk 1> 2009,ypUe;J Fbj;Jtpl;L thfdk; XLk; rhujpfis fl;lg;glj;jtjw;fhf xd;uhwpnah gy eltbf;iffis vlj; Js;sJ. rhujpfspd;,uj;jj;jpy; kjgh dj;jpd; mst 0.05,ypUe;J 0.08 Mf,Ue;jhy; mthfs; jkj rhujp mdk jpg;gj;jpuj;ij 3 my;yj 7 my;yj 30 ehl;fs; tiu,of;f Ntz;b Vw;gLk;. jpuk;gtk; jpuk;gtk;,j;jtwfisr; ra; gth;fsf;fhd jz;lid $Ljyhdjhf,Uf;Fk;. Rthr ghpnrhjidf;f kwf;fk; rhujp fs; kw;wk; xt;thu 100 kpy;ypkpw;wh;,uj;jj;jpw;fk; 50 kpy;ypfpuhk; kjghd mst my;yj mjw;f mjpfkhf fhzg; gl;lhy; (Blood alcohol cocetratio of 0.05) mth;fspd; rhujp mdkjpg;gj;jpuk; tpjp apy; itj;nj jw;fhypfkhf jil ra;- ag;glk;. fle;j Mf];l; 1> 2010,y; mkyf;f te;j rl;lj;jpd;gb> epq;fs; 21 taj my;yj mjw;f Fiwe;j tajila rhujpahf my;yj thfdk; Xl;lf; fw;wf; fhs;g tuhf,ue;j cq;fs;,uj;jj;jpy; ve;j mst kjghdk;,ue;jhyk; $l> cq;f sj mdkjpg;gj;jpuk; cldbahd 24 kzpj;jpahy rhujp mdkjpg;gj;jpu jw;fh ypf jil apd; fpo; jil ra;ag;gltjld; epq;fs; Fw;wthspahf fhzg;glk; gl;rj; jpy; epq;fs; $60 - $500 tiu jz;lg; gzk; fl;lntz;bapug;gjld; mdkjpg; gj;;jpukk; 30 ehl;fsf;f jilra;ag; glk;. thfdk; Xlf; fw;wf;fhs;gtuf;f mspf;fg;glk; jz;lidapd; gpufhuk; thfd mdkjpg;gj;jpuk; Fwpg;gpl;l fhyj;jpw;f jil ra;ag;glk; my;yj gwpkjy; ra;ag;glk;. mj;jld; kpz;lk; rhujp mdkjpg;gj;jpu ghpl;ir vojtjpypue;j Muk;gpf;f Ntz;b Vw;gLk;. Fw;wthspahf fhzg;glk; rhujpfsf;f fdlhtpd; Fw;wtpay; rl;lk; kw;wk; xd; uhwpnahtpd; gue;juf;fs; Nghf;Ftuj;J rl;lj;jpd;gb jz;lidia vjph;nehf;f Ntz;b Vw;gLk;. Fw;wthspfshf fhzg; gl;l gpd;dh; Nkyjpf,uj;Jf; fhyk;> jz;lg;gzk; ryj;j Ntz;b Vw;gly;> kjghd J\;gpuNahfk; jhlh;ghd fy;tp gwy; kw;wk; rpfpr;ir epfo;r;rpj; jpl;lq; fsf;f ry;y Ntz;b Vw;gLk;. rpy rk ak;,j;jifa epfo;r;rpj; jpl;lq;fsf;f rd;w gpd; rhujpapd; Rthrj;ij ghpnrh jpj;j thfdj;ij,af;f mdkjpaspf;fk; cgfuzj;ij thfdj;jpy; G+l;b XLk; mdkjpia (Igitio Iterlock istallatio) rhujpfs; gwyhk;.,e;j cgfuzj;jpd; thlifg;gzk; mjpfkhf,ug;gjld;,ilapy; epd;w tpltjhftk;>,jid kpz;lk;,af;f Ntz;Lkhdhy; jkj Rth rj;ij kpz;lk; Cjp me;j cgfuzj;jpd; mdkjpiag; gw;w gpd;dnu thfdk; Xl KbAkd;Wk; rhujpfs; $Wfpd;wdh;.,j;jifa f\;lkhd tpistfis vjph; Nehf;f Ntz;bapUg;gjdhy;,ayhj epiyapy;,uf;fk; NghJ thfdk; XL tij jtph;g;gj ey;yj. thfdk; gwpkjy; (Vehicle Impoudmet): Xh; Fw;wtpay; rl;l thfd Fw;wj;jpd;fPo; rhujp mdkjpg;gj;jpuk; jw;fhypfkhf jil ra;ag;gl;l rhujpfs; thfdk; Xbajhy; gpbgl;lhy;> xd;uhwpnahtpd; thfd gwp Kjy; epfo;r;rpj; jpl;lj;jpd; fpo;> Mff; Fiwe;jJ 45 ehl;fsf;f mth;fs; Xba thfdk; gwpkjy; ra;ag;glk;.,uj;jj;jpy; kjghdj;jpd; mst 0.08Mf my;yj Rthr ghpnrhjidald; cld; gl jtwgth;fs; cldbahf 7 ehl;f Sf;F tpjpapy; itj;nj thfdg; gwpkj Yf;F cl;glthh;fs;. mj;jld; mth;fs; Rthrj;ij ghpnrhjpf;fk; futpiag; ghuj;jp thfdk; Xl mdkjpf;fg;gl;lk; mf;futpia ghuj;jhj epiyapy; XLthh;fshapd; 7 ehl;fs; thfdg; gwp Kjy;,th;fSf;Fk; ghue;jk;.,e;j 7 ehs; gwpkjyf;f vjpuhf ve;j rhujpak; Nkd;KiwaPL ra;a,ayhj.,t;thfdk; thliff;f mkh;j;jg;gl;lnjh my;yj Fj;jiff;F vlf;fg;gl;lnjh my;yj xu ez;ghplkpue;njh my;yj cwtpdhplkpue;njh fldhfg; gwg;gl;l jhf,ue;jhyk; gwpkjy; ra;ag;glk;. thfdj;ijj; J}f;fpr; ry;yy; kw;wk; gwpkjyf;fhd vy;yhr; ryitak; thfdr; rhe;jf;fhunu ghwg;glf;f Ntz;Lk;. typikaw;w epiyapy; thfdk; XbaNghJ tpgj;jf;fs; Vw;gl;lhy;:,j;jifa re;jh;g;gj;jpy; ahuhapdkhu tuf;f clypay; Mgj;ij Vw;gLj;Jk; tpgj;j Vw;gl;lhy;> thfdr; rhujp Mff; $baj 10 tulq;fsf;f rpiwapy;,uf;f Ntz;ba guq;fw;wkhf fujg;glk;. typikaw;w epiyapy; thfdk; Xbajhy; Fw;wk; rhl;lg;glgth;fsf;f: KjyhtJ jlitahf Fw;wk; Ghpe;jth; fsf;f Fiwe;jJ $600 jz;lg;gzkk; xu tulj;jpypue;j 3 tulk; tiu rhujp mdkjpg;gj;jpuk; jil ra;ag;glk;.,uz;lhtj jlit Fw;wk; Ghpgth;fSf;F Fiwe;jJ 14 ehl;fs; kwpayk; Fiwe; jj 2 tulq;fspypue;j 5 tulq;fs; tiu thfdk; Xlj; jilak; tpjpf;fg;glk;. mjw;fg; gpd;dk; Fw;wk; Ghpgth;fSf;F> Fiwe;jJ 90 ehl;fs; kwpayk; thfdk; XLtjw;F Fiwe;jJ 3 tulk; Kjy; MAl;jilAk; tpjpf;fg;glk;. 0 Nghf;Ftuj;J mikr;rpd}lhf cq;fs; rhujp mdkjpg;gj;jpuj;jpd; typikj; jd;ik gw;wp jsptglj;jp mwptjw;f: - [Pth jpiruh[h ,id mioaq;fs; (xu jlit mwptjw;f $2.50 jhiyng rpf; fl;lzk; mwtplg;glk;). Nghf;Ftuj;J mikr;rpd;,izajsj;jpd; %ykhf mwpayhk; (xu jl it mwptjw;f Credit Card,y; $2.50 ryj;j Ntz;b Vw;gLk;). rhujp kw;wk; thfd mdkjpg;gj;jpuk; toq;fk; mytyfq;fspy; rhujpapd; RUf;fj;ij (abstract) gw;wf; fhs; syhk;.,jw;f $12.50 my;yj $13.00 ryj;j Ntz;b Vw;glyhk;. thfdr; rhe;jf;fhuh;> jkj thfdj;ij Xl;Lk; ve;j thfdr; rhujpak; xu typ jhd rhujp mdkjpg;gj;jpuj;ij itj;jp Ug;gij cwjpg;glj;j Ntz;Lk;.,jpy; Rthrj;ijg; ghpnrhjpf;fk; futp ghtpf;f Ntz;bapUg;gpd; mjidak; cwjpg;glj;j Ntz;Lk;. Fw;wtpay; rl;lj;jpd; fpo; jil ra;ag; gl;l egh;fs; thfdk; XLthh;fshapd; $5,000,ypUe;J $50,000 tiu jz;lg; gzk; ryj;j Ntz;b Vw;gLk;. thfd tpgj;jhy; epq;fs; ghjpf;fg;gl;ltuhapue;jhy;: gpd;tuk; tpyhrj;jpy; jhlh;g fhz;l cjtpiag; gwkbak;. Policy Cetre for Victim Issues Departmet of Justice 112 Ket Street, Suite 870 Ottawa, Otario K1A 0H8 jhiy efy;: (613) crhj;jiz: _caada_impaired_drivig.htm jeevathisairajah@thaiveedu.com

jha;tpl brk;gu; December 2018-25 - 416 270 1111

tzpfr; Rw;whl > midj;jg; ghul;fisak; fhz;l cahthd

27 jha;tpl brk;gu; December Excellet plaza for Sale juk; kpf;f epwtdq;fs; rpwe;j KjyPL! Kjd;ik tha;e;j,lk;> gukst thbf;ifahshfis cs;slf;fpa tzpfr; Rw;whl > midj;jg; ghul;fisak; fhz;l cahthd guhkupg;gp Ngzg;gl;l epiyak;> Nghjpa thfdj; jupg;gpl trjp> uhwd;nuhtp,ue;j 30 epkplj; J}uk; kl;lnk. Cell:

28 jha;tpl brk;gu; December 2018

jha;tpl brk;gu; December 2018-27 - jfdk;> rpe;jg;glj > kps cs;spoj;j (Combustio, Spillage ad Backdraftig) tpl;bds; tspr;rw;nwhl;lk; (Air Circulatio) rpuhf,y;yhj tplj;j Vw;glf;$ba gpur;rpidfs;:

29 jha;tpl brk;gu; December jfdk;> rpe;jg;glj > kps cs;spoj;j (Combustio, Spillage ad Backdraftig) tpl;bds; tspr;rw;nwhl;lk; (Air Circulatio) rpuhf,y;yhj tplj;j Vw;glf;$ba gpur;rpidfs;: tpl;bds; tspr;rw;nwhl;lk; (Air Circulatio) rpuhf,y;yhjtplj;j Vw;glf;$ba gpur;rp idfis,f;fl;liuapy; Muha;Nthk;. vz;za;> vhptha> tpwf Nghd;w vhpghul;- fs; vhpe;j rf;jpia tsptpltnj jfdk; MFk; jfdk; epfok;ghoj fhpaky thatk; (Carbo di oxide) epuhtpak; tpid ghul;fshf tspnawfpd;wj. jfdk; eilgwtjw;f Xl;rprDk;> Fwpg;gpl;l mst tg;gepiyak; vhpghusf;f toq;fg;gly; Ntz;Lk;.,it,uz;Lk; rhpahd mstpy; toq;fg;glk; NghJ kl;lnk Nkw;Fwpg;gpl;l,uz;L tpisghul;fsk; cz;lhfpd;wj. xl;rprndh> tg;g epiynah Fiwe;jsT toq;fg;glk; NghJ fhgd; khdhf;irl;lk; (Carbo mooxide) kpff; Fiwe;j mstpy; toq;fg;glk; ghoj Nkyjpfkhf Giff; fhpak; tspnawfpd;wj. toq;fg;glk; tspf;fk; vhpghusf;fk;,ilnaahd tpfpjkhdj iejurd; xf;irl; thaitak; $l tspnaw;wtjw;f toptff;fpwj.,t;thw tspnawfpd;w thaf;fs; Rfhjhuj;jpw;Ff; Nflhdit. kuzj;ijf; $l Vw;gLj;jf; $bait. vdnt,it GifNghf;fpapD}lhf tspnaw;wg;gly; Ntz;Lk;. mndfkhd tplfspy; rhjhuz mst jfdk; eilgwk; futpf;f NghJkhd mst tsp fpilf;fpd;wj. Mdhy;,e;jf; futp rpwpa %lg;gl;l miwapy; itf;fg;- gl;bue;jhy; NghjpasT tsp fpilg;gj rhj;jpakw;wjhfpd;wj. MfNt,f;fUtpfs;,Uf;Fk; miw tpl;bd; tspald; jhlhg glf; $bajhf mjd; RtHfspy; Grills my;yj Louvers,Uf;fpd;wjh vd cwjpg;- glj;jpf; fhs;sq;fs;.,y;yhjtplj;j cldbahf mijr; ra;tnj Gj;jprhypj; jdkhfk;. kpfr; rpwe;j (High efficieey) futpfsf;f tpl;bds; cs;s my;yj GifNghf;fp Clhf tufpd;w tsp mjpf mstpy; jfdj;jpw;fj; Njitg;gLtjpy;iy,f;fUtpfs; Sealed, Directly Veted my;yj Spillage Resistat vd miof;fg;glfpd;wj.,it,aq;fk; NghJ tsp tpepnahfkk; tsp tspnaw;wkk; tspr;rthfspy; ghuj;jg;gl;l Foha;fspD}lhfNt eilgwk;. cyhe;jk;,ae;jpukk; (Clothes Dryer) Gif Nghf;fpapd; kpscs;,of;fk; jd;ikiaf; $l;b er;r thaf;fis tpl;bds; rpe;jr; ra;ak;. vhpghus; jfdj;jpdhy; #Nlw;wg;gLk; tplfs; xt;thd;wk; fhhgd; khdhf;- irl;il mwpak; futpia (Carbo mooxide Delector) j; jq;fs; tplfspy; epyf;fpo; miw glf;ifmiw Nghd;wtw;wpy; ghuj;jp itj;jpuj;jy; Ntz;Lk; Gifiaf; fz;lwpak; futpia (Smoke Detector) vz;zapy;,aq;fk; Furace,d;Nky; ghuj;jp itg;gjdhy; fhw;nwhl;lk; jilg;- gltij vr;rhpf;if kzp %yk; mwpe;j fhs;s KbAk;. my;yj,iyajph fhyj;jpd; Fspuhd xu ehisnah jhpt ra;j fhs;sq;fs;. fhw;nwhl;lj; jpiriaf; fhl;lf;$ba Gif tsptplk; gd;rpy; my;yj rhk;gpuhdpf; Fr;rp Nghd;w xd;iw vlj;jf; fhs;stk;. FuraceIAk; RLePH #Nlw;wp (Hot Water Heater)iaAk; miukzp Neuj;jpw;F epwj;jp tpltk;. Giff;Fk; Fr;rpia gas furacemf,ue;- jhy; mjd; draft head,w;f mufpyk; Oil FuraceMf,Ue;jhy; Baiometric Damper,w;F mufpyk; fhz;l rd;w tsp tpl;bds; EiotijAk;> GifNghf;fpapy; vr;rhpf;if kzp xypiaf; Nfl;lTld; tpl;by; cs;sthfis tspnaw;wk; mnjneuk; furace room fjt cl;gl midj;jf; fjtfs; ad;dy;fisak; jpwe;j tpl;ltpl;l HVAC Cotractor,w;F mwptpf;f Ntz;Lk;. - gpugh rpd;dh - cs;eiotjw;fg; gjpyhf tspnawtjhf,ue;jhy; cq;fs; tpl;bds; er;r thaf;fs; gutfpd;wj vd;gij mwpe;j fhs;syhk;. ghpnrhjid ra;j Kbe;jgpd; vy;yhf; futpfisak; rhjhuz epiyf;ff; fhz;l tutk;.,g;ghpnrhjidapd; NghJ rpwpjst Neuj;- jpw;f tspnawfpd;w thaf;fs; ghhpa gpur;rpidia cuthf;fhj Mdhy; epz;l Neuj;jpw;F thaf;fs; rpe;jjyk; tspkps; cs;,oj;jyk; eilgwkplj;j kuzq;- fs; $l Vw;gLfpd;wd. rpe;jk; thaf;fs; kzkw;witahf,ug;gjdhy; cq;fshy; fz;l gpbf;f KbahJ. MfNt vg;ghojk;,ijf; fz;lgpbf;fk; futpfshfpa Carbo Mooxide detector, Smoke detector Mfpatw;iw cq;fs; tplfspy; fl;lhak; ghuj;jptplq;fs;. vr;rhpf;if kzp xypiaf; Nfl;lhy; cldbahf furace room fjt cl;gl vy;yhf; fjtfs; ad;dy;fisak; jpwe;j tplntz;- Lk;. tpl;by; cs;sthfis tspnaw;w Ntz;Lk;. cldbahf HVAC Cotractor,w;F mwptpf;f Ntz;Lk;. mth cldbahf te;j cq;fs; tpl;ilg; ghhit- tpidghus; thaf;fs; GifNghf;fpap- D}lhf tspnaw;wg;glhj tpl;bds;ns rpe;jg;glkhfpy;> mf;futp thaf;fisr; rpe;jk; futp (Spill appliace) vdr; rhy;yg;glfpd;wj.,ijtpl kps cs;,oj;jy; (Back Draftig) vdg;glk;,d;dk; XH gpur;rpidak; tplfspy; Vw;glyhk;. mjhtj Gif Nghf;fpapy; tspapd; mirt Nky;Nehf;fp,Ue;jhy; kl;lnk tpidghus; thaf;fs; tspnawtjw;f KbAk;. Mdhy; rpy tplfspy;,e;j tsp Xl;lk; vjphj;jpirapy; eilgwk;. mt;ntisapy; GifAld; $ba mrj;j thaf;fsk; tsp tspak;> Gif Nghf;fpapD}lhf fpo;nehf;fp mire;j tpl;bds; rpe;jg;glfpwj. tpl;bd; fhw;nwhl;lk; kpfr; rhpahd Kiw apy; rg;gdplg;glhjtplj;j,e;epfo;t eilgwk;. rpy Ntisfspy; kpfg;ghpa rf;jptha;e;j tspnaw;wk; fhw;whb (Exhaust Fa)fs;,aq;FtjhYk; ope fireplaces MYk; $l,e;epfo;t Vw;gl tha;g;gz;l.,f;fhw;whbfsk; Jzpfis thaf;fs; rpe;jtijf; fz;l gpbj;jy;: er;r thaf;fs; tpl;bds; rpe;jg;gltij Combustio backdraft ghpnrhjid %yk; fz;lgpbf;fyhk;. AC #Nlw;wy;> fhw;nwhl;- lk; Kjypatw;wpy; rpwe;j mdgtks;s HVAC Cotructor, Eergy auditor, Air Sealig Professioal Nghd;w xutnu,e;jg; ghp- Nrhjidiar; rpwe;j Kiwapy; ra;a KbAk;. fpno fhlf;fg;gl;l gbkiwfisr; ra;tjd; %yk; epq;fsk; $l,e;jg; ghpnrhjidia XusT ra;j ghhf;f KbAk;. ghpnrhjid ra;ak; Kiw: tre;j fhyj;jpd; #lhd xu ehisnah gpbj;j tsp tspnawtijak; mtjhdpf;f Ntz;Lk;. rikayiw> Fspayiw> foptiwf; fhw;whbfs;> Jzp fhag;nghlk; Dryer, Cetral Vaccum Cleaer Nghd;w tspia tspnaw;wk; futpfs; ahtw;iwak;,aq;fr; ra;jy; Ntz;Lk;.,g;ghOJk; tsp mirak; jpiria Giff;Fk; Fr;rpiag; gpbj;j mtjhdpf;f Ntz;Lk;. Gif Nghf;fpapy; NkypUe;J fpohf tsp mirtij mtjhdpj;jphfshapy; cq;fsf;f Nkw;Fwpg;gpl;l gpur;rpid cz;l.,dp> thermostatif; $l;b itj;j furacei,aq;fr; ra;j> draft hood,g;giff; Fr;rpiag; gpbj;j mtjhdpf;ftk;. tsp apl;lf; FiwghLfisf; fz;l gpbg;ghh. vd;dd;d jpuj;jq;fs; ra;ag;glntz;lk; vd;gij tpsf;fp mjw;fhpa mwpf;ifia juthh. mwptwj;jnyhl kl;lkd;wp> fl; lhak; Fwpg;gpl;l jtizf;fs; ra;ag;gl Ntz;Lk; vd vr;rhpf;ifak; tplg;glyhk;. MfNt cq;fsjk; cq;fs; FLk;gj;jhhpdJk; caphfnshl rk;ge;jg;gl;l,e;jg; gpur;rpidia cq;fs; ftdj;jpy; vlj;jf; fhs;sq;fs;. prabha.sia@thaiveedu.com

- 28 - jha;tpl brk;gu; December 2018 ez;l fhoj;jh tisap jq;fhj c yfpd; kpfg; gupa xw; iwj; jl;l thdiyj; jhiynehf;fp (world s largest sigle-dish radio telescope) Mrp ahtp cs;s rpdh ehl;b jw;nghj,aq;f

30 jha;tpl brk;gu; December 2018 ez;l fhoj;jh tisap jq;fhj c yfpd; kpfg; gupa xw; iwj; jl;l thdiyj; jhiynehf;fp (world s largest sigle-dish radio telescope) Mrp ahtp cs;s rpdh ehl;b jw;nghj,aq;f Muk;gpj;jpUf;fpd;wJ. thdhyp vd;wjk; vq;fsf;f Qhgfk; tutj rpd;d tajp Nfl;l,yq;ifj; jkpo; thdhypjhd;. vq;fsf;f kl;lk y> md;w jkpo;ehl;l kf;fsk; kpftk; MHtj;NjhL Nfl;Lg; ghoj Nghf; fpajk; mijj;jhd;. Kj;jkpop khop mwpitak;> mwptpaiyak; tshj;j guik,yq;ifj; jkpo; thdh ypf;f cz;l.,g;ghojk; jkpo; ehl;l NeaHfNshL ciuahbdh,yq; ifj; jkpo; thdhypiag; gw;wpg; Gfo;e;J rh thhfs;. epfo;r;rpfis kl;lk y> mthfs; xu rpdpkh eb fiu mwpe;j itj;jpug;gj Nghy,yq;if thdhypap flikahw;wpa thfisg; gw;wpak; epidt $HthHfs;. tpn[ jhiyf;fhl;rpapd; xu epfo;r; rpap fye;j fhz;l mj;jid NgUk; jhq;fs;,yq;if thdhypiaf; Nfl; Lj;jhd; mndfkhd rpdpkhg; ghl f isg; ghlkhf;fpajhff; Fwpg;gpl;bUe; jhhfs;. NeaH tpug;gk;> epq;fs; Nfl; lit,e;j,uz;l epfo;r;rpfsk; mf; fhyj;jp gyiuak; fthe;j epfo;r; rpfshf,ue;jd. AM> FM Nghdw xyp miyfns thdhypfsf;f mjp fkhfg; ghtpj;jhhfs;.,d;iwa etpd cyfp jdpkdpjdpd; raw;ghl;lf; fhf jft jhlhg rhjdq;fshd ];khhl;nghd;> I.Ngl;>,d;lHel; vd gy topfsp jft jhlhgfs; mjpfupj;jpuf;fpd;wd. fhyg;nghf;fp jhiy jhlhg rhjdq;fspd; mjp- Ntf tshr;rp fhuzkhf mf;fhyj;jpy;,ue;j thdhypfspd; Gfo; k y k y kq;fpg; Ngha;tpl;lhYk;> me;j,lj;ijg; Gjpa etpd thdhypfs;,d;w,il epug;gpapuf;fpd;wd.,e;j thdhypiaf; fz;lgpbj;j cyff;f Kjyp je;jth NtWahUkp iy> 1874k; Mz;L,j;jhypap gpwe;j thdh ypapd; je;ij vd Nghw;wg;gLk; khhf; Nfhdp MthH. xu el;rj;jpuj;jp,ue;j,e;j jhiy Nehf;fp rpy jft fs; gw;ws;sjhf Tk;> mj gw;wp tpupthd Muha;r;rp elg;gjhftk; NkYk; jupa te;js;sj. mz;ltspap,ue;j khkkhd xyp fs; tutij Vw;fdNt,j;Jiwap Muha;r;rp ra;j tuk; eh]h epwt dj;jpdh gjpt ra;jpuf;fpwhhfs;.,jtiu fhykk; cyfpd; kpfg;gupa xw;iwj;jl;l thdiyj; jhiy Nehf;fp vd;w gaiu u\;ahtpd; (Zelechukskaya, Russia) uhl;ld; (RATAN) vd;w jhiynehf;fpna gw;wpue;jj. Uf;fpd;wJ. mz;l tspiaj; jq;fs; fl;lg;ghl;lf;fs; fhz;l tutjw;fg; ghushjhu trjp gilj;j ehlfs; gytifapyk;,g;gbahd Kaw;rpfis Nkw;fhz;L tufpd;wd. cah jhop El;gj;jp Kd;dzp tfpf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;w gutpug;gf; fhuzkhf rpd Njrj;jp RkhH Kg; gj fh ge;jhl;l ikjhdj;jpd; gug;g sitf;fhz;l,e;j xw;iwj; jl;l thdiyj; jhiynehf;fp RkhH 138 kp ypad; gtz;]; rytp ephkhzpf; fg;gl;lj.,ijr; Rw;wptu cs;s,lj; - FU mutpe;jd; - J}uj;jp cs;s NtW fpufq;fsf;fr; ra;jpfis mdg;gtk;,e;j thd iyj; jhiynehf;fpiag; gad;glj; jg; Nghtjhfj; jupfpd;wj.,q;fpue;j mdg;gg;glk; xyp miyfis NtW VjhtJ fpufj;jp capupdq;fs;,ue; jh mijg; gw;wf;fhz;l> mq;fp Ue;J gjp mdg;gyhk; vd;w vjph ghhg;gk;,j;jpl;lj;ijr; raw;glj;j,uf;fk; tpq;qhdpfspd; vjphghhg;ghf md;wp,ue;j,d;wtiu,e;j kpd; fhe;j miyfs; gw;wpa tpupthd Muha;r;rpfs; Gtpap jhlhe;j fhz;nl,ufpd;wd.,j;jifa Muha;r;rpapd; gydhf kdpjfyk; eilkiwg;glj; jpg; ghhf;f,uf;fk; jpl;lk;jhd; cy fpd; kpfg; gupa thdhyp jhiy Nehf;fpj; jpl;lg;gzpahfk;. vdnt jhd;,njnghd;w mjphtz;fisf; fhz;l kpd;fhe;j miyfspd; etpd gad; ghl;bd; cjtpah cyfpd; kpfg;gupa thdiyj; jhiynehf;fp xd;w mjp fhug+htkhfr; rpdhtp jhlf;fp itf; fg;gl;lj. me;j epfo;tpd; NghJ gy E}w;Wf;fzf;fhd thdpayhshfsk;> jhiyj; jhlhg rhjdq;fspd; gpujp epjpfsk; fye;j rpwg;gpj;jdh. jhop El;gj;jp kpfntfkhf Kd;NdwptUk; rpdh ehl gh];l; (FAST) vd;w RUf;f khfr;rh yg;glk; Five-hudred-meter Aperture Spherical Telescope s vd;w gaup > cyfpd; kpfg;gupa xw;iwj; jl;l thdiyj; jhiynehf;fp xd;iw rpdhtpd; jd;nkw;fg;gfjpahd gpq;f; lhq;f; (Pigtag- Kedu, Guizhou) gfjp ap kiyfsf;f,ilna epwtpas;sj.,jtiu mwpag;glhj mz;ltsp gw;wp tpq;qhdpfs; NkYk; Gupe;Jfhs; tjw;fk;> G+kpiaj; jtpu Ntw;Wyfj; jp caphfs;,ue;jh mj Fwpj;j GupjYf;Fk; kw;wk; NjLjYf;Fk;,e;j jhiynehf;fp cjtpahf,uf;fk; vd;w ek;gg;glfpd;wj. ehq;fs; trpf; Fk; G+kpapypUe;J Mapuk; xsp Mz; LfSf;F Nkyhd jhiytp cs;s 1974k; Mz;L ghtidf;f te;j,e;j jhiy czup RkhH 600 kpl;lh FWf; fsitf;fhz;lj. 2015k; Mz;L Nk khjk; mz;ltspap,ue;j uhl;ld; thdiyj; jhiynehf;fpf;f te;j jsptp yhj xu ra;jp,jp gjp thfp,ue;jj. N`f;FyP]; el;rj;jpuf; $l;lj;jp,ue;j (HD ),e;jr; ra;jp te;jpuf;fyhk; vd,jgw;wp tpz;tsp Ma;thsHfs; (Search for extraterrestrial itelligece (SETI) for example, moitorig electromagetic radiatio for sigs of trasmissios from civilizatios o other plaets) Cfpf;fp whhfs;. Nghl;Nlhwpf;Nfh vd;w,lj;jp cs;s muprpngh mtjhd epiyaj; jp 305 kpl;lh FWf;fsitf; fhz;l thdiyj; jhiynehf;fpak;,jnghd;w raw;ghl;bnyna,uf;fpd;wj. Mdh muprpngh jhiy czupia ve;jg; gf;fkk; jpug;gp thdiyfisg; gwf; $ba trjpiaf; fhz;buf;fpd;wj. ghupa msitf; fhz;ljh > gh];l; jhiy czupf;f me;j trjpfs; ghuj;jg;gltp iy.,jd; mbg;g ilap jhd; rpdh NjrKk; uhl;ld; jhiy czupiatplg;gupajhf xd;iw ephkhzpj;j,uf;fpd;wj. mkupf;fh> u\;ahtpw;f mlj;jjhf rpdh Njrk;,j;Jiwap Kidg;NghL <Lgl;b jp mikjp NgzNtz;Lk; vd;gjh mg;gfjpap cs;s gy FLk;gq;f isr; NrHe;j RkhH 8>000 NgHtiu ghjfhg;ghf tspnaw;wg;gl;l NtW,lq;fsp FbNaw;wg;gl;lhHfs;. 2011k; Mz;L,jw;fhd Kjw;fl;l Ntiyfs; rpdhtp Muk;gpf;fg;gl;ld.,e;j thd iyj; jhiynehf;fpia mjhtj xypthq;fpia mikj;j Kbg;gjw;F RkhH Ie;J Mz;Lfs; tiu vlj;jp Uf;fpd;wd. mz;ltsp vd;gj,jtiu ehk; mwpe;j tifap MjpAk;> me;jkk;, yhjjjhd;. vq;fs; G+kp,Uf;Fk; R+upaf;FLk;gk; Nghy g yhapuf; fzf; fhd R+upaf; FLk;gq;fs; mz;ltsp ap,uf;fpd;wd. mg;gbahd fpufq; fsf;fr; rd;wiltjw;f,g;nghj cs;s trjpfisf; fhz;l ghhj;jh > g yhapuf; fzf;fhd xspahz;lfs; vlf;fk; vd;gj ehk; mwpe;jnj. kdpj tho;f;ifapd; fhy msitf; fhz;l ghhj;jh mq;f r tijj; jw;nghj epidj;jk; ghhf;f KbahJ. mjdh jhd;> mj;jifa mz;ltspap,ue;j G+kpia Nehf;fp tuk;> m yj G+kp iaf;fle;j r Yk; xypfisg; gjpt ra;j mijg;gw;wp Muha;r;rp ra;a Tk;> mnjnghy G+kpap,Ue;J kpfj;,uf;fpd;wj. me;j capupdq;fs; vq; fistplg; gyk; tha;e;jdthf,ue; jh > Fspf;fg;Ngha;r; NrW G+rpf;fhs; tj Nghd;W mtw;wpd; fl;lg;ghl;lf;fs; ehk; mfg;gl;lf; fhs;s Ntz;bAk; tuyhk;. ez;l fhoj;jh tisap,uf; fhj vd;w ek; Kd;NdhHfs; Fwpg; gpl;lj Nghy> kdpj Kaw;rpah Ntw; Wf;fpufj;J capupdq;fsld; jhlhg fhs;s Kidtjh ed;ikak; fpilf; fyhk;> rpyrkak; mj jpikahak; Ngha;tplyhk;. NjLj vd;gj, yh tpl;lh > kdpj,dk; Kd;NdwNt Kb ahj.,j;jifa thdiyj; jhiy Nehf;fpapd; NjLjyh vkf;ff; fpilf; fg; NghtJ ed;ikah> m yj jpikah vd;gijf; fhyk;jhd; gjp rh y Ntz;Lk;. crhj;jiz: kuruaravida@thaiveedu.com

31 jha;tpl brk;gu; December

- 30 - jha;tpl brk;gu; December 2018 rt;tha;: xu rq;nfhs; c upa FLk;gj;jp cs;s rt;tha;f; fpufk; #upadpypue;j ehd;fhtjhf mike;js;sj. #upadpypue;j,f;fp ufk; 227.

kp MFk;. G+kpia tpl rupghjp msnt,jd; Njhw;wkhFk;. rt;thapd; Nkw;gug;gp rpfg;g epwkhd,uk;gxr;irl;(irooxide) gukst cs;sjh,jid rptg;gf;fpufk; (red-plaet) vd miof;fpwhhfs;.

32 jha;tpl brk;gu; December 2018 rt;tha;: xu rq;nfhs; c upa FLk;gj;jp cs;s rt;tha;f; fpufk; #upadpypue;j ehd;fhtjhf mike;js;sj. #upadpypue;j,f;fp ufk; kp ypad; fpnyh kpl;lh J}uj; jp mike;js;sj. GtpahdJ #upaidr; Rw;wp tu 365 ehl;fs; vlf;fk;nghj rt;tha;f;f 687 ehl;fs; vlf;fk;. fhu zk;,jd; Rw;Wtl;lg;ghij mfykh djhfk;. rt;thapd; Miu (radius) 3397 fp.kp MFk;. G+kpia tpl rupghjp msnt,jd; Njhw;wkhFk;. rt;thapd; Nkw;gug;gp rpfg;g epwkhd,uk;gxr;irl;(irooxide) gukst cs;sjh,jid rptg;gf;fpufk; (red-plaet) vd miof;fpwhhfs;. rpdhfs;,jid eug;g el;rj;jpuk; (firestar) vdg; gjpt ra;js;sdh. cnuhkh,f;fpufj;ij Aj;jf;flTs;(God of war) vd mioj; Js;sdH. rt;tha;f; fpufj;jpd; Nkw;gug;G re;jp udpd; Nkw;gug;G Nghd;W fpz;zf;fop fs;(craters)> Gtpap cs;sj Ngh vup kiyfs;> vupkiytha;fs;> ghiyepyq; fs;> gdp %ba JUtg;gFjpfisf;; fhz;ljhfk;. Gtpap cs;s,kak iyia tpl rt;tha;f;fpufj;jp cs;s Olympus Mos kiy caukhdj.,jd; cauk; 25 fp.kpl;luhfk;. rpak;> FNshiul;> kf;dprpak; vd;gdtk; cs;sd. mjd; epyk; Gtpia tplg; gy klq;f tul;rpahf cs;sjhftk; jupfpwj. kz NkLfs;> J}rpg;gbTfs;> gioa MWfs; rd;w ghijfs;> Jz;L Jz;lhd jiufs;> fpz;zf;fopfs;> rha;tfs; vd gy tbtq;fsp jiu csj. Gtpapd; <ug;g tpirap 38 tpjnk rt; thap cs;sj. Gtpap 150,Uj;j vil cs;s xuth rt;thap 57,Uj; jny,ug;ghh. mjd; tspkz;lykk; (atomsphere) Gtpia tpl NtWgl;L Gtpia tpl 100 klq;f k ypajhf vd;gj xu fw;gidahf,uf;fyhk;. vdntjhd; tpq;qhdpfs; gbg;gbahf rt;tha; gw;wpa Ma;tp gy rth fis vjphfhz;l te;js;sdh KjyhtJ rt;tha;f;;fpuf tpz; fyk; Nrhtpaj;jpdh ryj;jg;gl;lj. 6 jlitfs;,thfsj Kaw;rp Njh tpap Kbe;jJ NASA mdg;gpa tpz;fykk; tw;wp fhs;stp iy. mnj tulk; etk;gh 28 mdg;gg;gl;l Marier 4 kpf euf;fkhfr; rd;ws; sj.,njnghy Marier 6, Marier 7, tw;wpfukhfr; rd;ws;sd Kj NASA tpd; tpz;fyq;fs; gutw;wp - v];. gj;kehjd; - jpl;lk; %yk; kq;f ahz; 2 tpz;f yj;ij 2022 mdg;gj; jpl;lkpl;ls;sj kpz;lk; [g;ghd; Martia Moo Exploratio (MMX) fg;giy mdg;g jpl;lkpl;ls;sj. mj;jld; If;fpa mk upf;f SpaceX epwtdk; %yk; 2022,uz;L tpz;fg;g fs; Vtg;glTs;sd. rt;thapd; Jizf;Nfhs;fshd PHo BOs, Demos gw;wp mwpatk; jpl;lq;fs; cs. rt;tha;f; fpufj;jpdp ra;j Ma;T fsk; gad;gl;l cj;jpfsk; fzf;fw; wit. vj;jidnah jiu mikg;g glq; fs; gwg;gl;lss;d. rt;tha; Gtpf; Ff; fpl;l tuk;nghjjhd;,t;tha;t fis Nkw;fhs;s KbAk; 2018> 2020 Mz;Lfisj; jtw tpl;lh gpd;g 2035> 2050 Mz;Lfsp kl;lnk rt;tha; Gtpf;F mufp tuk;. me;j tulq;f spnyna Ma;tpidAk; Nkw;fhs;s Kb Ak;. vt;tsnth gazq;fs; Nkw;fhs; sg;gbdk; rt;thapd; fhyepiy> mq;fs;s fjphtpr;r> vjphtpistfs;> cstpa jhf;fk;> khwghlfs;> Ga fhw;wfs; vd;gtw;wh mile;j gad; fs; kpf rpynt MFk;. #upa FLk;gj;jp mjpf J}rpg;glyk; fhz;l fpufk; rt;tha;. khjf;fzf; fp,f;fhw;w Rod;W tprk;. rt;tha;f; fpufj;jpypue;j gy foptg; ghul;fs; Gtpap tpoe;js;sjhff; fujg;glfp wj. ghjthf,jd; NkNyl;bd; jbg;g (crust) ruhrup 125 fp.kpl;luhfk;. Gtp 40 fp.kpl;lh ruhrup jbg;gkhdjhfk;. rt;thapd; Nkw;gug;G jpz;k mikg; Gs;sJ(terrestrial plaet) vd;gjh Kf; fpak; gwfpwj. twikahd fz;fsh,jidf; fhzkbak; vd;gjh fpnuf; fh fhyj;jpypue;j,j mwpag;gl;ls; sj fypypnah fypyp Kjd; Kjyhf jdj jhiynehf;ff; futp ap,jid mtjhdpj;jg; gjptra; Js;sjhf jupatufpwj. mg;nghj mjd; Nkw;gug;G gw;wpj; jupa tuhj gy tplaq;fs; jw;nghj jupate;js; sd. Kjyp $wpagb 72>000 mb caukhd xypk;g]; khd;]; kl;lkd;wp Tharsis vdg;glk; gupa vupkiyj; jiu 4000 fp.kpl;luf;f gue;js;sj.,jd; cauk; 7 fp.kpl;luhfk;.,j jtpu Valles Marieris vdg;glk; kiyapilg; gs; sj;jhf;fg; gfjp 4000 fp.kpl;lh epskk; 2-7 fp.kpl;lh MoKk; fhz;lj. jw; fp cs;s Hellas Plaitia vd;dk; fpz; zf;fop 6.fp.kPl;lH MoKk; 2000 fp.kpl; lh tpl;lkk; cilajhf cs;sj. gy,lq;fsp epyk; mupg;gz;l cs;sj. rt;tha;f;fpufj;jpd; Nkw;gug;gp cs;s J}rpfs; talcum powder Nghd;W cs;s jhf Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sJ. rt;tha;f; fpufk; gy cnyhfq;fis fhz;ls; sj.,uk;g> epf;f > kf;dprpak;> my kpdpak;> rpypf;fd; vd;gd cs;sjhf mwpag;gl;ls;sj. Nrhbak;> ghl;lh,q;f fhzg;glyhk;. Gtpap ruhrup tg;gk; 57 o F MfTk; rt;thap -81 o F MfTk; cs;sj. tspkz;lyj;jp gpuh zthait tplg; gy klq;f iejurd;, fhgdpuhl;irl;> MHfd;, thaf;fns cs;sd. gpuhztha,q;f kpfkpff; FiwT vd;gjh,q;f r Yk; tpz; tsp Ma;thsHfs; ftr clg;gk;> gpuhzthatk; fhz;l r yhj tpl; lh 15 tpehbfsf;f Nk epw;f Kb ahj. Gtpap tho;tj Nghy,q;F tho KbahJ vd;gjh tpq;qhdpfspd; gy vjphghhg;gfs; Nfs;tpf;Fwpahfp tufpd;wd. J}rpfsh epuk;gpas;s rt;tha;f; fpu fj;jp eph cs;sjh? caphfs; cs;s dth?gaphra;akbakh? kf;fs; tho Kbahj jiu mikt (Martia ladscape) jhlhr;rpahd tho;tf;f cj Tkh? vd rt;tha;f;fpuf tpz;tsp ahshfsf;fk; rth fs; epiwant cz;l. twk; gdp kl;lk; %bas;s JUtg;gFjpfis kl;lk; fhz;l caph fs; thokbahj. tho;tf;f eph Ntz; Lk;. kpftk; FspH epiwe;j fpufk; vd; gjh eph ciwe;j tplyhk;. ruhrup - 68 o F cs;s jiuap eph Xl KbAk; fhz;ld brk;gh 4 Gwg;gl;l ehrhtpd; jiuf;fg;g Mars Pathfider tw;wpfukhf 1997 A+iy 4 jiu,wq; fpaj. ehrhtpd; Phoeix tpz;fyk; 2008 Nk 25 jiu,wq;fpaj. Curiosity vd;dk; elkhlk; Ma;T $lk; 2012 Xf];l; 6 jiu,wq;fpaj.,j jhlhe;j 5 tulq;fs; Ma;T ra;a Ts;sJ.,jw;fpilap,e;jpahtpd; ISRO mikg;g kq;f ahz; (Magal yaa) tpz;fyj;ij VtpaJ rg; uk;gup,jtk; rt;tha; Rw;Wtl;lj; jp Eioe;jJ. INuhg;ghtpd; ESA / ROS Cosmos jpl;lk; %yk; 2016 rg; uk;gh 22 Rw;Wtl;lj;jp tpz;fyk; Eioe;jJ. ehrhtpd; Isight & MarCO tpz;fyk; 2018> Nk 5 Vtg;gl;Ls;sJ. etk;gup,j jiu,wq;fj; jpl;l kplg;gl;ls;sj. vjphfhyj;jp (If;fpa mug FbauR) Uited Arab Emirates, Hope Mars Missio tpz;fyj;ij mdg; gj; jpl;lkpl;ls;sj. ehrhtk; Mars 2020 vd;w gaup tpz;fg;giy mdg;gj; jpl;lkpl;ls;sj. rpdh 2020 Chiese Mars Missio fg;giyak; [g;ghd; Mars Terahertz Microsatellite IAk; mdg;gj; jpl;lkpl;ls;sd.,e;jpahtk; MOM vj;jidnah khkq;fisak;> tpnehjq; fisak; fhz;ls;s rt;tha;f;; fpufk; gw;wp ehk; mwpe;jpug;gj kpftk; rhw; gnkahfk;. jhlhe;j NASA, INuhg;gpa ehlfs;> Nrhtpaj; u\;ah> rpdh> [g; ghd;> mugf; FbauR Nghd;w ehlfspd; Ma;Tfis tpq;qhdk; Ntz;b epw; fpd;wj.,jtiu ehk; jupe;j fhz;l gy tplaq;fs; jspt gwhknyna cs;sd. crhj;jiz: Olympus Mo Tharsis Valles Marieris Hellas Plaitia Mars Pathfider Phoeix Curiosity Mass orbiter Missio Isight MarCO Hope Mars Missio List of Missios to Mars Mars Missios to Mars pathmaatha.s@thaiveedu.com

jha;tpl brk;gu; December 2018-31 - rfy fhg;gwjp epwtdq;fspd; KONeu Nrit 11>000

fhg;gwjp> jw;fhypf fhg;gwjp jpl;lq;fsp capnuhl,uf;fk;nghnjh epue;ju

33 jha;tpl brk;gu; December rfy fhg;gwjp epwtdq;fspd; KONeu Nrit 11>000 f;fk; Nkyhd jpug;jpfukhd thbf;ifahshfs;,jtiu 400 fhg;gwjp,og;gplfs; MAs; fhg;gwjp> jw;fhypf fhg;gwjp jpl;lq;fsp capnuhl,uf;fk;nghnjh epue;ju CdKw;W,Uf;Fk;NghNjh kpsg;gwk; fhg;gwjp jpl;lk; kw;wk; rfy Gjpa jpl;lq;fs; gw;wpa mwptiu gw mioaq;fs;.

- 32 - jha;tpl brk;gu; December 2018 ghjfhg;ghd,lk; Re;juk;,e;j tulk; tprhf gsu;zkp fhz;lhl;lj;ij kpfe;jiyapy; fhz; lhl vz;zp Nkyjpfkhf xu ehs; yptk; Nghl;Ltpl;L te;jpue;jhd;.

34 jha;tpl brk;gu; December 2018 ghjfhg;ghd,lk; Re;juk;,e;j tulk; tprhf gsu;zkp fhz;lhl;lj;ij kpfe;jiyapy; fhz; lhl vz;zp Nkyjpfkhf xu ehs; yptk; Nghl;Ltpl;L te;jpue;jhd;. kpfpe;jiy apy;jhd; mnrhfr; rf;futhj;jpapd; Gjy;td; kfpe;j NjNuh,yq;if te;j me;ehl;bd; murd; Njtek;gpajPrid re;jpj;j gsj;j kjj;jpw;f khw;wtpj;jhd;. Mkhk; - kfpe; jdk;,sq;nfhitg; Nghy; mur Nghfj; ijj; Jwe;j xu guk; Qhdp. Gj;jhpd; fhuz;zpakhd Nghjidfis cyfpw;f vlj;jr; rhy;y - Fwpg;ghf,yq;iff; Ff; fhz;l ry;y tho;f;ifia mhg;- gzpj;jtd;. kpfpe;jiy xu rpw kiy. mjd; cr;rpapy; xu Fiff;Nfhapy; cz;l. mij mil tjw;f fuq;fy; gbfsk;> rpy,lq;fspy; rha;thd ghijakhf rpukkhd xu Vw;wk; jhd;. trhf; jpdkhd md;w jpus; jpu shf kf;fs; $l;lk; rhj rhj vd;w Nfh\kpl;lgb kiyapy; Vwpf;fhz;b- Ue;jdu;. kf;fs; $l;lj;jpy; xutdhf Re;juKk; kiyapy; Vwpdhd;. kiy cr;rp apy; Njtek;gpajPrDk; kfpe;jdk; re;jpj;j fhl;rpia mofhd rpiytbtpy; mikj; jpue;jhhfs;. me;j Fiff;Fs; tp];t& gkhf xu guk; Gj;jH fuiz ghope;j fz;fsld; fhl;rp je;jhh. mth fz;f spy; Nrhfkhd,uf;fk;,Ug;gJNghy; jhpe;jj. mth jdf;f VNjh rhy;y Kay;tjhf Re;juj;Jf;Fj; Njhd;wpaJ. uhypg;gijak;> kf;fs; mij cjhrpdg; glj;jtijak; vz;zp Ntjidg;gl;lhd; Re;juk;. Re;juk; gf;fthl;by; ghhj;jnghj gq;rpd; kw;wf; fiuapy; NghHj;J %bagb xu KjpatH,Ug;gJ jhpe;jj. KJikap Yk; xu fk;gpuk;,ug;gj jhpe;jj. me;j kdpjh jiyia %b xu NghH it Nghu;j;jpapUe;jhH. jd;idg;nghy; CUf;Fg; Gjpatuha;,Uf;fNtz;Lk; vd;w vz;zpdhd; Re;juk;. me;j kdpjh xu rp- Wjbahy; jiuapy; fpwpf;fhz;bue;jhh. Kjypy; Re;juk; jplf;fpl;l tpl;lhd;. me;j kdpjh te;jijnah,ue;jijnah jhd; Mdhy; twpatuf;f vjw;fhf jug;glfp wj vd;gjpyk; fpilf;fpwnj vd;w kd epiwt epiwe;j,uf;fk;. Mkhk; g- WgtHf;F xu gpur;rpidak;,y;iy> Mdhy; fhl;g;gth mij md;gpdhyk; fuizapdhyk; fhlf;f Ntz;Lkz;wp jkj Ra guikf;fhf,uf;ff;$lhj vd;whh. mtuila $w;wpd; Mo;e;j Qhdk; Re;j uj;jpw;fg; Ghpe;jJ. vdpdk; mtuila epkphe;j,uf;ifak; tpndhjkhd gputz; kq;rs; NghHitAk; mtiu rpe;ijas; Mo;j;jpaJ. mtuf;f VjhtJ cjtp ra;a Ntz;Lk; vd;w vz;zj;jld; - Fkhu; GdpjNty; - Mdhy; mjw;f me;j KjpatH flg;ghf cd;dilaj kl;lky;yhky; Mapuf;f zf;fpy; fjtfis jl;bndd;. vy;yhuk;,wf;fp g+l;bf; fhz;ls;shhfs;. ehd; ahh vd;w jhpe;jhy; vd;id ep cd; tpl;bw;f miof;f khl;lha; vd;w rhd;dhh. Re;juk; kjthf Nfl;lhd; epq;fs; ahh ghpatnu! vd;w! mth Ntjidahd FuYld; rd;dhh. kiy cr;rpapy; ahnuh xu gnuhgfhhp jz;zphg; ge;jy; mikj;j mq;f cztk; NjdPUk; toq;fpf; fhz;bue;jhu;. Re;j uj;jpd; gsj;j rpndfpjp gpnrhkdpf;fh xu Kiw rhd;dj Re;juj;jpw;F Qhgfk; te;jj. Mr. Re;juk; trhf; ehisfspy; jd;rytpy; (cztr; rhiyapy;) xu ehsk; rhg;gplf;$lhj.,g;gb fhlg;gj jhk; ra;j ghtj;ij kw;wthfsf;f gfphe;j fhlg;gjw;fhf vd;w xu ek;gpf;if. mq;f eph rhg;gpl;lhy; md;djhdk; fhlg; gth ghtj;jpy; xu gq;if eph gfpe;j vlg;gjhfk; vd;w rhd;dhs;. Re;juk; kdjf;fs; rphpj;jf; fhz;lhd;. mr;rk;g tj;ij vz;zp fltisak; gz;lkhw;w tpahghuj;jpy; <LgLj;jptpl;lhHfs;,e;jg; ghtp kdpjhfs; vd;w epidj;jf;fhz; lhd;. kiyapypue;j,wq;fp Gifapuj epiy aj;jpw;f g]; vlj;j mduhjguk; GJ efuj;ij mile;jhd;. Mk;! mduhjguk; vd;w,u efuq;fs; cz;l. xd;w jhz;z}w kd;dhfs; Mz;l Guhjd efuk;> kw;wj etefuk; vd;w miof; fg;glk; GJefuk;. mlj;j tz;b tut jw;f gy kzpj;jpahyq;fs;,ug;gjdhy; etefuj;jpy; cs;s g+q;fhitg; ghhf;f yhk; vd;w g+q;fhtpw;fs; gpuntrpj;jhd; Re;juk;. trhf; jpdj;jpw;fhf g+q;fh KOtJ ey;y kpd; Fkpo;fshy; xspkakhf fhl;rp je;jj. me;j g+q;fhtpy; cs;s xt;thu gq; rpyk; xt;thu Nrhb,Ue;jJ. vspjhf MW NgH,Uf;ff;$ba gq;rpy;,uth kl;lnk xuth,uf;fk;,lj;jpy; euf; fkha;,ue;jdu;. mjtk; xu gq;rpy; mtdila kbapy; mts;! Ntjidahd tplak; vd;dtd;why; xutuk;,y;yhj gq;r; xd;wk;,uf;ftpy;iy. murhq; fk;,g;gb epz;l gq;r;fis ra;ahky;,uth kl;lk;,uf;ff;$ba gd;r;fis g+q;fhf;fspy; fl;bapuf;fyhk; vd;w Re;juk; vz;zpdhd;. jpbh vd xu gq;r; kl;lk; twikahf,ue;jj. fisj;jg;nghd Re;juk; NtW ahuk; tukd; tpiue;j rd;w me;j gq;rpy; mkhe;jhd;.,dp ahuk; Nrhbaha; te;jhyk; ftiy,y;iy - jhd; jhlhe;j,uf;fyhk; vd;w mkhe;jpue;jhd;. trhf; gw;wpak; mjd; %yfhj;jhthd Gj;jiug; gw;wpak; mth fhuz;zpa cs; sj;ijg; gw;wpak; Re;juj;jpd; cs;sk; miy gha;e;jj.,uz;lhapuk; tulq;f Sf;Fg; gpd;dk; mth mus;thf;f vjp- ftdpf;ftpy;iy vd;w vz;zpg;ghhj;jf; fhz;lhd;. Re;juk; ftdpg;gijf; fz;l KjpatH tzf;fk; jk;gp vd;whh. mduhjguj;jpy;,g;gb xu jkpoiur; re;jpf;fyhk; vd;w fdtpyk; epidf;fhj Re;juk; jplf;fpl; lhh. vdpdk; jd;idr; Rjhfhpj;Jf;fhz;L tzf;fk; Iah! vd;w rhd;dhd; Re;juk;. gupath jbahy; NghLk; Nfhyj;jpy; kpftk; <Lghlhf tiue;j fhz;bue; jhh. mth fufug;ghd kd;ikahd Fuy; Re;juj;Jf;F ghpjk; jhf;fj;ij Vw;gLj;jpaJ. Re;juk; Nfl;lhH Iah epq;fs;,e;j CUf;F md;dpauh? vd;w. Mk; ehd;,e;j CUf;F kl;lky;y> vy;yh CUf;Fk; md;dpad;. mthpy; ghpjhgg;gl;l Re;juk;> Iah,e;j khjphp ed;ehspy; md;dpad; vd;gij kwe;j kfpo;r;rpahf,ug;gj jhd; Kf;fpak; vd;whd;. Mdhy; me;j KjpatNuh jk;gp>,jnghd;w trf; Nghd;w ehl;fspy; jhd; NkYk; md;dpadhf czhfpnwd; vd;whh. jhlhe;j epyt fha;e;j fhz; bue;j thd;gug;gpys;s el;rj;jpuq;fis Vf;fj;NjhL ghhj;jhh.,thpd; tpndhj khd gjpy; Re;juj;jpd; MHtj;ij NkYk; J}z;baJ. Iah,JNghd;w ehl;fspy; jhd; kf;fspd; ey;y Fzq;fs; tspg; glfpd;wj. gzf;fhuhfs; jz;zpu;g;ge;- jy;fsk;> md;drhiyfsk; mikj;j Vio kf;fsf;f fhuz;zpaj;njhl fhlf;fpwhhfs; vd;whd; Re;juk;. KjpatNuh clnd Mkhk;,e;j jw;fhypfkhd ry;te;jhfspd; fuiz NkYk; frg;ghf,uf;fpwj. vspath Nky; typath fhl;lk;,e;j,uf;fk; jkj Mw;wiy tspg;glj;jnt vd;whh. epq;fs; rhy;tjpy; cz;ik cs;sj. Iah cq;fsf;f VNjh Njit cs;sj Nghy;,Uf;fpwJ. ehd; cq;fsf;f fhq;rk; gz cjtp ra;ayhkh? vd;w Nfl;lhd; Re;juk;.,jw;F me;j tpndhj KjpatH jk;gp> vdf;f guk; Njit cz;l> Mdhy; mj gznkh> ghd;ndh my;y vd;w,oj;jhh KjpatH. cq;fsf;f vd;d Njit? vdf;f xu ghjfhg;ghd jq;fkplk; Ntz;Lk; vd;whh.,njh gazj;jf;ff; fhz;lte;j gzj;jpy;,u E}W &gha;,uf;fpwj. mduhjgu etefuj;jpy; gy N`hl;ly;fs; cz;l xd;wpy; jq;fq; fs; vd;w gzj;ij epl;bdhh Re;juk;. clnd me;j KjpatH Ntjid fye;j Fuypy; ehd; gy N`hl;ly;fspd; fjitj; jl;bndd; jpwf;ftpy;iy. gy cztr; rhiyfsf;fr; rd;nwd; Mdhy; xu tuk; cjt Kd;tutpy;iy. ehd; Ntj idg;glfpnwd;. Mdhy; cjtthu;,y;iy - ehd; Vkhw;wk; mile;njd;> Mdhy; fisg;gpy;iy. ehd; NjLtJ fl;by;ghj fhg;gy;y kdpjg; ghjfhg;g vd;w $wpdhh. Re;juk; me;j Kjpatiu tpndhjkhf ghhj;jhh. me;j tpndhj KjpatH xu Neuk; jj;jtqhdp Nghy; NgRfpwhH. mlj;j epkplk; tpruidg;nghy; gpjw;w fpwhh vd;w epidj;jhd;. mtd;,g;gb Nahrpj;Jf; fhz;l Kjpatiug; ghhf; ifapy; mth Re;juj;jpd; cs;kdij mwpe;jfhz;ltuhf> Mk; ehd; tprud; jhd;. Mdhy; tprudk; rpyntisfspy; ghjfhg;gj; Njlyhk;> cztpy;yhky; grpj;jpuf;fyhk;. Vd; vd;why; kdpjdpd;,jaj;jpy; twik vd;whh Ntjid Ald;. Re;juj;Jf;F tl;fkk;; Jf;fKk; tu ghpatnu kd;dpaq;fs; rup NtW vq;fk; jq;f Ntz;lhk;> vd;dld; jq;f yhk; tufpwphfsh? vd;w Nfl;lhd;. vj;jidnah Nfhb kf;fis vd; ga uhy; fhd;w Ftpj;Js;sHfs;. Nfhb gz;fs; tpjitfsha; Ngha; tpl;lhhfs;. vd; gauhy; vj;jidnah Foe;ijfs; mdhijfshfptpl;lhhfs;. md;igr; rhd;d vd; gauhy; ml;^opaq;fs;; gy ele;j tpl;ld.,d;w ehd; Nghf;fplk;,y;yh ky; tpjp tpjpahf jphpfpnwd; vd rhy;ypf; fhz;l voe;j epd;whh me;j KjpatH. mq;f jhd; kpfpe;jiy kiyapd; fz;l me;j Gj;jhpd; cutk; epd;wpue;jj. me;j fuiz Kfj;jpy; cyfj;jpd; mj;jid Jd;gq;fSk; xuq;nf jhpe;jj. thdj; jpypue;j te;j fq;if Nghy; fz;fspy; eph fhl;baj. mq;nf epd;wpue;jhh rhf; fpa Kdp vd;dk; fsjk Gj;jH. mth jhlhe;j rhd;dhh: ehd; Qhdk; gw;wijf; fhz;lhlfpwhhfs;. Mdhy; vd; Qhd mwpit rhf;filapy; vwpe;j tpl;lhhfs;. fy;iyf;fz;lhy; fhiyj;j}f;fk; eha; Nghy; mhj;jkw;w gof;fnjh\j;jhy; Gj;jk; ruzk; fr;rhkp vd;whhfs;. Fs;sehp xjq;f xu ghe;jp Uf;Fk;. FUtp gwe;j ry;y thdk;,uf;fk;. vdf;fj;jhd; ghjfhg;gpy;iy vd;w rhy;yp Kbj;jhH. clnd Re;juk; fz;izj; jpwe;j ghhj; jhh. jhd;,ue;j gq;rpy; NtW ahu kpy;iy. gf;fj;jpy; me;j KjpatUkpy;iy. rw;w Neuk; epiy jlkhwpa Re;juk; jhd; fdtpy; fz;l fhl;rpia vz;zpagb NgUe;J jhpg;g epiyaj;jf;f ele;jhd;> Giftz;b epiyaj;jf;fr; ry;y. kumar.puithavel@thaiveedu.com

jha;tpl brk;gu; December 2018 JaH gfpht - 33 - aho;. Ntyiz fpof;f 3k; tl;lhuj;ijg; gpwg;gplkhftk;> ttdpah G+e;Njhl;lk; =efiu trpg;gplkhftk; fhz;l fe;jd; fhq;nfr mthfs; etk;gh 23> 2018 md;w fhykhdhh.

35 jha;tpl brk;gu; December 2018 JaH gfpht aho;. Ntyiz fpof;f 3k; tl;lhuj;ijg; gpwg;gplkhftk;> ttdpah G+e;Njhl;lk; =efiu trpg;gplkhftk; fhz;l fe;jd; fhq;nfr mthfs; etk;gh 23> 2018 md;w fhykhdhh. md;dhh> fhyq;rd;w ja;thid mthfspd; fztuk; ehnfe;jpud; (Xa;Tgw;w epjpkd;w cj;jpnahfj;jh - ttdpah)> utpe;jpujh];(utp- MrpupaH)> tre;jhnjtp> [ae;jhnjtp MfpNahupd; je;ijak; re;jpunrfud;> muzfpup> jputul;rf;jp> gj;kw[dp MfpNahupd; khkdhuk; gpurd;dh> N\hgdh> rrpnuf;fh> gpurhe;> re;jpupf;fh> fpjh\dd;> bth\dd;> rhufh\dd;> ypgpfh MfpNahupd; NguDk; jhdpfh> gphj;jpfd;> thrpfd;> rh[pj;jpad; MfpNahupd; G+l;lDk; MthH. md;dhupd;,wjptzf;f epfo;t ttdpahtp eilgw;wj. utpe;jpujh];: ehnfe;jpud;: jpu. fe;jd; fhq;nfr NkhfdFkhup jpuf;nfrd; aho;. tz;zhhgz;iz IadhH Nfhtpybiag; G+HtpfkhfTk;> fhok;igg; gpwg;gplkhftk;> uhwd;nuhit tjptplkhftk; fhz;l NkhfdFkhup jpuf;nfrd; mthfs; etk;gh 15> 2018 md;w fhykhdhh. md;dhh> fhyq;rd;wthfshd Kj;Jf;FkhU - rptnahfk;,izaupd;,isa kfsk;> fhyq;rd;wthfshd knfrd; - gunk];tup,izaupd; md;g kukfsk; jpuf;nfrd;(jpu) mthfspd; md;g kidtpak; ikjpyp> mfpyh MfpNahupd; md;gj; jhahuk; RjHrd; mthfspd; md;g khkpahuk; re;jpufkhud;>,e;jpufkhud;> Dr. tre;jfkhup MfpNahupd; muikr; rnfhjupak; jkae;jp> jpyfhk;ghs;> [af;fkhh> re;jpuhzp> rnuh[pdp> [ae;jpdp MfpNahupd; md;g ikj;jdpak; rq;fpjh> ehkjh> Dr. fhaj;jpup> ftpjh> fpup\;fkhh> [up N[hHr;> rq;fh> jpt;ad;> eptpjd;> rhjdh MfpNahupd; ghrkpf khkpak; MthH. md;dhupd;,wjptzf;f epfo;t etk;gh 19 md;w uhwd;nuhtp eilgw;wj. jpu: re;jpufkhud;:

- 34 - jha;tpl brk;gu; December 2018 SELS Ic.

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jha;tpl brk;gu; December 2018-35 - fz;fsw;w fl;llf;fiy t YeHfs; x U rpwg;ghd fl;llf; fiyj; jhop El;gk; rhhe;j fl;baog;gg;glk; fl;l lj;jf;fk;> rhjhuz fl;llj;jpw;fk; cs;s NtWghL gyujk; ftdj;ij

mz;ikap epa+nahhf; khfhz g fiyf;fof Rw;Wr;R+o mwptpa kw;wk; tdtpa f Y}up Muha;r;rpahsHfs; KO mstpyhd fl; llf;fiyj; jpl;lq;fsf;f jq;fs; fhs; iffis eilkiwg;glj;jtjw;fhd Nehf;fj;jpd; mbg;gilap Nkw;fhs;

37 jha;tpl brk;gu; December fz;fsw;w fl;llf;fiy t YeHfs; x U rpwg;ghd fl;llf; fiyj; jhop El;gk; rhhe;j fl;baog;gg;glk; fl;l lj;jf;fk;> rhjhuz fl;llj;jpw;fk; cs;s NtWghL gyujk; ftdj;ij <Hf;fpd;w tplakhfk;. mz;ikap epa+nahhf; khfhz g fiyf;fof Rw;Wr;R+o mwptpa kw;wk; tdtpa f Y}up Muha;r;rpahsHfs; KO mstpyhd fl; llf;fiyj; jpl;lq;fsf;f jq;fs; fhs; iffis eilkiwg;glj;jtjw;fhd Nehf;fj;jpd; mbg;gilap Nkw;fhs; sg;gl;l Ma;Tfspd; xu gfjpahf fiwahd; Gw;Wf;fspd; tbtikg;ig Ma;T ra;j te;jdh.,thfsj epz;l fhy Ma;tpd; KbTfs; fhw;w Row;rpf;fhd Njitfis ephtfpf;f ra yw;w fhw;w m yj gad;glj;jg;gl;l fhw;iw kpsg;gad;glj;jtjw;fhd mjpf Mw;w jpwds;s fl;likg;gfsf;f toptff;fk; jhopel;g mwpit toq; Ffpd;wd. xu efuj;ij ephkhzpf;fk; jpl;l mikg;g fhz;l fiwahd; Gw;Wfs; ghjfhg;g cwjp> NeHj;jp Nghd;w gpu kpf;fitf;fk; fl;llf;fiy EZf;fq; fis jk;kfj;nj fhz;lit. fiwahd;fs; FOf;fshf thok; tho;f;if KiwapYk; Njhw;w mikg;gpyk; vwk; Gfisg; Nghy fhzg;gl;lhyk;> cap upd tifg;ghl;bd; gb Muha;fpd;w NghJ,it vwk;gfspypue;j Kw;wp Yk; NtWgLfpd;wd. vwk;gfs; rkkw;w,wf;ifs; vd;w capupd tupiriar; NrHe;j Hymeoptera vd;w tupiriar; NrHe;jJ. Mdh > fiwahd;fs; Isoptera (fpnuf;f rh yhfk;) vd;w tupiriar; NrHe;jJ. Iso vd;wh > rk m yj xj;j vd;w ghus;. Ptera vd;wh >,wf;if vd;w ghus;. mjhtj fiw ahd;fspd; kwtbtkhd <r fspd; Kd; kw;wk; gpd;,wf;iffs; xnu khjpup,ug;gjh,e;j tifg;ghl;ba gah mike;jj. fiwahd;fsp > cyfk; KOJk; RkhH 275 Ngupa,dq;fSk;> RkhH 2>750 rpwpa,dq;fsk; cs;sd. ghjtp kdpjuf;f Nrjk; tpistpf; Fk; G+r;rpapdq;fshf fiwahd;fs; fu jg;gl;lhyk; tpq;qhdpfs;,tw;iw NtW fz;nzhl;lj;jp ghhf;fpwhhfs;. jhtuq;fsf;fj; Njitahd iel; Nul;il kpz;lk; Royr;ra;fpd;wd.,we;j jhtu %yf;$wfisr; rpijj;j vspa $l;lr;nrhkq;fshf khw;wfpd; wd.,jdh kz;zpd; jd;ik> fl;l ikt> tsk; Mfpatw;iw fiwahd;fs; Nkk;gLj;Jfpd;wd.,it, yhtpl;lh,e;j cyfnk KOikahd Fg;ig Nklhf khwpapuf;fk;. fiwahd;fs; Vwj;jho 20 Nfhb Mz;LfSf;F Kd; dnu,g;g+kpap tho;e;j te;jd vd; gjw;fhd Mjhuq;fis> mjw;fupa jh YapH vr;rq;fs; cwjp ra;fpd; wd. kpifahd <ug;gjk; mjpf cyh jd;ik mw;w vspjhf eph tope;njhlf; $ba gpunjrq;fsp fiwahd;fs; jq; fs; Gw;iw mikf;fpd;wd.,g;gw;wf; fsf;fk; mit mike;jpuf;fk;,aw; ifr; R+oYf;Fk;,ilNa jhlhgg; gupkhw;wk; fhzg;glk;. mjhtj mg; Gw;Wfs; jhk; mike;jpuf;fkplj;jp cs;s kz;zpa > epupa Nghd;w tw;wp cuthfk; khw;wq;fis Rl;bf; fhl;lgitahf cs;sd. fiwahd; Gw;W cs;s,lj;jp ve;j khjpupad jhtuk; tsuk;> Rw;Wr;R+oyp vd;d khw;wk; cuthfk; vd;gtw;iw Gw;W fs; %ynk mwpakbfpwj vd;fpd;wdh tpq;qhdpfs;. 2010k; Mz;lstp mjpetpd futp fs; jhopel;g trjpfs; %yk; thdp,ue;j glklg;gj> fl;likg;g gfg; gha;tfisg; gad;glj;jp (sophistica ted airbore imagig ad structural aalysis) fhhdfp epwtdj;jpd; cyfshtpa Rw;Wr;R+o jpizf;fsj;jpd; tpq;qh dpfs; (Caregie Istitutio s Departmet of Global Ecology) Mg;gpupf;f rtd;dh tp 192 rju ik fsp 40>000f;Fk; mjpfkhd fiwahd; Gw;Wf;fis Ma;T ra;jdh.,t;tha;tfspd; Kbtp fiwahd; Gw;Wfspd; mst> mit Fwpg;gpl;l gfjpap guk;gyile;jpuf;fk; tpjk; (mjpfkhf m yj Fiwthf) Mfpatw;Wf;Fk; tulhe;jpu kioas Tld;,ize;j jhtutpa > epy mikg;g Mfpatw;Wf;Fk; jhlhg,uf;fpwj vd;w tpq;qhdpfs; fz;l gpbj;jdh. NjdPf;fisg; Nghd;W fiwahd;fsk; xu rkjha G+r;rp (Social isect) MFk;. $l;lkhf thok; mtw;wh jdpj;jpaq;f KbahJ.,tw;wpd; rkjha mikg;ig vlj;jf;fhz;lh xt;thu FOtp - cik gw;fzuq;rd; Yk;,uhzpf;fiwahd; (Quee)> kd; dh fiwahd; (Kig)>,uhZt tpuhfs; (Soldiers) kw;wk; gzpahshfs; (Worke rs) vd ehd;f tifahd mq;fj;jth fs; fhzg;glth. Njhw;w mikg;g jhopw;ghl;bd; mbg;gilap,uh Zt m yj Nghuhspf; fiwahd;fsp,u tif cz;l. Kj tif guj;j jiyald;> Kfj;jp xu gpuj;naf mupths; Nghd;w fhlf;fld;,uf; Fk;. mit Madibulate Soldiers vdg;g Lk;.,it gifthfspd; kpj jhf;fj elj;jp tpul;btplk;. mlj;j tif> Nasute Soldiers vdg;glk;.,it gifthf spd; kpj JHehw;wk; kpf;f Rug;gpidj; Jg;gp tpul;btplk;. gzpf; fiwahd;fs; Gw;wpidf; fl;l j > gojile;j Gw;wpidr; rupra;j >,sk; fiwahd;>,uhzt tpuhfs;> kd;dh kw;wk;,uhzp fiwahd;fsf;f czt fhlj;j fhshd; Njhl;lq; fis guhkupj;j Nghd;w gy Ntiy fisr; ra;ak;.,uhzt tpuhfs; kw; Wk; gzpf; fiwahd;fspd; tho;ehs; fhyk; 1-2 Mz;Lfs; tiuahfk;.,t; tpu tifahd fiwahd;fspyk; Mz;> gz; vd,ughyunk cz;l. ghh itaw;wd. mjhtj,tw;wpf;f fz; zp iy. jq;fs; tho;tplkhd Gw;Wf;fsp tpyq; Ffs; kdpjhfsh Nrjq;fs; Vw;gl;L tpl;lh cldbahf fiwahd;fs; vr; rupf;ifahfp tplfpd;wd. ghjfhg;g gzpap <Lgl;bUf;Fk;,uhZtf; fiwahd;fs; jq;fsj jiyfis Gw; Wf;fspd; RtHfsp Nkhjp Vida fiwahd;fis tpopg;gilar; ra;fpd; wd. vr;rupf;if ra;jp fpilj;jjk; gzpahsh fiwahd;fs; FQ;Rg; gu tj;jp,uf;fk;,sk; fiwahd;fis Ak; Kl;ilfisAk; ghjfhg;ghd kw; whu miwf;f vlj;jr; r fpd;wd. uh[h kw;wk; uhzp fiwahd;fs;,uf; Fk; miwapd; thapw;gfjp cldbahf fl;lg;glk; RtH %yk; %lg;glfpwj. ghjpf;fg;gl;l gfjp KOtijAk; ghj fhg;g gzpap <Lgl;bUf;Fk; fiw ahd;fs; R+oe;J fhs;fpd;wd. ghjpf; fg;gl;l gfjpf;f RtH fl;lj; Njit ahd ghul;fs; ahtk; Ntiyf;fhu fiwahd;fsh fhz;l tug;glfpd; wj. rpy kzp Neuq;fsp ghjpf;fg;gl;l gfjpapd; tspg;gfjp> kw;wk; cl;g Fjp KOtJk; rupra;ag;glfpd;wj. xt;thu rkjhaf; FOtpw;Fk; xu,uhzpf; fiwahd;,uf;fk;.,j vspjp tspap tutjp iy Gw;wp cs;s tpnrl miwap,ue;jgbna fl;lisfisg; gpwg;gpf;fk; tu lq;fs; tiu thok;. ehbf;f 15 Kl; ilfs; tpjk; xu ehisf;f 2>000 Kl; ilfs; tiu,lk;. Kl;ilaplj; jah uhf,uf;fk;,uhdpf; fiwahd; 7-8c.m epskhf,uf;fk;. kiof;fhyq;fsp Gw;Wfsp,Ue;J tspnawp tuk; <r fs; fiwahdpd; mlj;j re;jjpfis cuthf;fk; xu tifahfk;. khhr;> Vg;gpu khjq;fsp,uhzpf; fiwahdh,lg;glk; gpuj;jpnafkhd tpnrl Kl;ilfsp,Ue;J tsptu gitna <r fshfk; RkhH ehd;ife;j khjq;fsp tshe;j gwg;gjw;f,w FfisAk; fhz;buf;fk; kio ga; aj; jhlq;fpatld; Gw;wp,Ue;J gil gilahf tspnawp xu ehsf; Fs; Nrhb NrHe;J epyj;jpd; fpo; tis - jhlu;jy; 36k; gf;fk;

- 36 - jha;tpl brk;gu; December 2018 fz;fsw;w fl;llf;... 35k; gf;fj; jhlhr;rp... aikj;j Kl;ilapl;L jdpf; fiwahd; rkjhaf; FOit cuthf;ffpd;wd.

,tw; wp > VNjDk; xd;wpidj; NjHe;jLj;J> mjw;f jfe;jgb jkj,ug;gplj;ij mikj;jf; fhs;fpd;wd. mitfspd; epyf;fpohd trpg;gplnk fiwahd; Gw; whfk;.

38 jha;tpl brk;gu; December 2018 fz;fsw;w fl;llf;... 35k; gf;fj; jhlhr;rp... aikj;j Kl;ilapl;L jdpf; fiwahd; rkjhaf; FOit cuthf;ffpd;wd. fiwahd;fs; jhk; thok; R+oypa fhuzpfsf;fnfw;g jq;fs; thoplq; fisj; jphkhdpf;fpd;wd. epyj;jpw;f fpno kuf;fpisfs; cf;fpa kuf;fw;wpfs; vd NtWgl;l tho;tplq;fsp thok;,a igg; gw;wpuf;fpd;wd.,tw; wp > VNjDk; xd;wpidj; NjHe;jLj;J> mjw;f jfe;jgb jkj,ug;gplj;ij mikj;jf; fhs;fpd;wd. mitfspd; epyf;fpohd trpg;gplnk fiwahd; Gw; whfk;. Ma;T KbTfs; $Wfpd;wd mjhtj fiwahd;fsf;f tspg;gf;fkhf cs;s EiuaPu Nghy fiwahd; Gw;W ra glfpwj vd Nkw;gb Ma;tp fz;lwpag;gl;lj.,t; Ma;T cs;s tdg;gfjpap caphg; Gs;s Gw;Wf;fs;> rpjpykile;j Gw;Wf fiwahd; Gw;wp,uz;L gfjpfs;,uf; Fk; xd;w epyj;jf;f fpohd mlf;f (udergroud chambers)kw;iwaj epyj; jpw;f Nkyhd mlf;f (moud). epyj; Jf;F fpohd mlf;f gy tiyg; gpd; d tbtikg;ghf epsk; 3-5 kpl;lh Mok; fhz;l xu epytiwahfk;. epyj;jpw;f Nkyhd mlf;fpd; elnt jbkdhd RtH fhz;l RkhH 5 kpl;lh cauks;s rpkpdpak; mijr; Rw;wpYk; jbkd; Fiwe;j rw;nw cauk; jho;e;j Fo Nghd;w mikg;gf;fsk;,uf; Fk;. tg;g tiya ehlfshd Mgpupf;fg; ghiytdq;fsp gf Ntisfsp ruhrup tg;gk; 40 Gs;sp r ]pair tpl mjpfhkhf,uf;fk; MdhYk; mq;fs;s fiwahd; Gw;Wfspd; epyf; fpohd mbg;gfjp FspHikahfNt fhzg;glk;. $l;l tho;f;if elj;jk; fiwahd;fs; Ntshz; gzpapyk; Kf;fpa gq;if tfpf;fpd;wd. mjhtj fiwahd;fs; Gw;wp jhq;fs; thok; gfjpia tpl RkhH vl;l klq;f msts;s gfjpap xutifahd G+Q;iria (fhshd;fis) cztf;fhf gaph ra;fpd;wd.,e;j G+Q;irfs; tsu Gw;wp rpuhd jl;g tg;g epiyik,uf;fntz;lk;. gy kp ypad;fs; fiwahd;fs; thok; Gw; wpd; mbg;ghfj;jp mtw;wpd; tsh rpij khw;wq;fsh mq;fs;s Mf;rp [d; rwpt Fiwe;J fupakpy thatpd; mst> <ug;gjk; kw;wk; tg;gepiy vd;gd mjpfupf;fk;.,jdh cs;sp Uf;Fk; fhw;w khrila mq;f thok; fiwahd;fs; kl;lk y mtw;wpd; cz thd fhshd; gaphfsk; ghjpf;fg;glk;.,jd; fhuzkhf fiwahd;fs; jkj Gw;wp fhw;nwhl;lj;ij cwjpra;jhf Ntz;Lk;. Gw;wp cs;s fhw;nwhl;lj;ij cwjpra;tj vg;gb vd;gij `hhthl; g fiyf;fofj;ijr; NrHe;j ra Kiw fzpjtpa >,aw;gpa kw;wk; gupzhk capupa Nguhrpupauhf,Uf; Fk; v.kfhnjtd; Ma;T ra;js;shh. fiwahd; Gw;W ehs; xd;wf;f xu Kiw fhw;iw cs;ns,oj;jk; xu Kiw tspna tpl;lk; epytiwap fhw;nwhl;lj;ij cwjpra;fpwj vd;w jha;tpl gj;jpupif gw;wpa tpkhrdq;fis vjphghhf;fpd;nwhk;. tpkhrdq;fs; vk;ik XH MNuhf;fpakhd ghijap,l;lr;r Yk;. sp Nkw;fhs;sg;gl;L Ma;T KbT fs; xg;gplra;ag;gl;lj. fhiy> khiy>,ut Neuq;fsp Gw;wpd; tspg;gwr; rpkpdpap epfok; fhw;wr; rydk; (airflow)> epyj;jf;f fpo; cs;s tg;g epiy khw;wk;> fupakpy thar; rwpt cs;spl;l gy jutfs; Nrfupf;fg;gl;L xg;gpl ra;ag;gl;ld. fhiyap Gw; wpd; tspg;gwr;rthfs; rw;w tg;gk ila tspf;fhw;w rpk;dp topna Gw; wpds; r Yk;.,utp Gw;wpd; tspg; Gwr;r RtHfSk; Rw;wpAs;s jbkd; Fiwe;j Fo Nghd;w mikg;gf;fsk; tpiutp FspHtilAk;. mg;nghj epy tiwap cs;s tg;gf; fhw;w rpk;dp A+lhf tspnawk;. mjhtj gfw; ghojp tspap,ue;j Gw;wpd; mbg;gfjptiu cs;spof;fg;glk; fhw;w>,utp kpz;lk; tspafw;wg; gltjd; %yk; fiwahd; jd; Gw;wp fhw;nwhl;lj;ij cwjp ra;tj fz; lwpag;gl;lj.,e;j Ma;T fiwahd; Gw;W vg;gbf; fhw;nwhl;lkhf,uf;fpwj vd;gij kl; Lk; tpsf;ftp iy ghupa fl;lkhd eltbf;iffsp gad;glj;jg;glk; fl; llf; fiyj;jhop El;gj;jp Fiwe;j Mw;wYld; $ba tpidj;jpwid toq; ff;$ba fhw;nwhl;l trjpfis mspg; gjw;fhd fl;ll tbikg;ig fiwahd; Gw;wpypUe;J fw;wf;fhs;s itf;fk; topfhl;bahftk; mike;jpuf;fpd;wj vd;fpd;wdh mwptpa MHtyHfs;. fzpjk;> mwptpa > fiy> jhop El; gk;> r%f mwptpa Nghd;wtw;wpd; fiyf;fsq;rpakhd fl;llf;fiyia gpukpf;f itf;fk; gpukpl;lfsk; guq; RtHfSk; NfhGuq;fSk; gw;wp Ma;T ra;ak; ghwpapa t YdHfspd; mwptpayf;f rthyhf mikak; ghh itaw;w,r; rpd;dr;rpw G+r;rpfspd; cyfkk; mtw;wpd; jpwikak; jpl;lkp lyk; Ngrg;gl Kbahj mjpraq;fspd; mjpraq;fns!! crhj;jiz: htm ifo@thaiveedu.com Fax: Tel: umai.p@thaiveedu.com

39 jha;tpl brk;gu; December

- 38 - jha;tpl brk;gu; December 2018 r gp vlf;fg; NghfpwPHfsh?

mz;ltspap,ue;j raw; iff; Nfhs;fsp cs;s fkuhf;fs; G+kpap Fwpg;gpl;l xu ghuis kpf Tk; J ypakhfg; glk; vlf;fj;jhlq;fp tpl;ld.

Kd;G Gifg;glq;fs; vlg;gjw;f fkuhf;fs; Njitg;gl;ld> Mdh,d;W ifalf;fj; jhiyngrpap Gifg;glq;fs; vlf;ff;$ba trjpfs; gutyhf te;jtpl;ld.

40 jha;tpl brk;gu; December 2018 r gp vlf;fg; NghfpwPHfsh? G - FU mutpe;jd; - ifg;glf; fiy kpftk; Ntfkhf tshe;j,d;w jdpg;glthfns Nuhd; (Droe) vd;w rh yg;glfpd;w NkNy gwf;ff;$ba futpapd; JizAld; glk; vlf;fk; mstpw;f Kd;Ndwptpl; lj. mz;ltspap,ue;j raw; iff; Nfhs;fsp cs;s fkuhf;fs; G+kpap Fwpg;gpl;l xu ghuis kpf Tk; J ypakhfg; glk; vlf;fj;jhlq;fp tpl;ld. fwg;g ts;isg; Gifg;glq; fshf tspte;j glq;fs;,d;w tz; zg; glq;fshftk; tuj; jhlq;fptpl; ld. Kd;G Gifg;glq;fs; vlg;gjw;f fkuhf;fs; Njitg;gl;ld> Mdh,d;W ifalf;fj; jhiyngrpap Gifg;glq;fs; vlf;ff;$ba trjpfs; gutyhf te;jtpl;ld. gpypk; Nuh fis vz;zp vz;zp kpff; ftdkhf vlf; fg;gl;l glq;fs; v yhk;,d;w vz; zpf;if jupahk vlf;ff; $bajhf epiyik khwptpl;lj.,e;j jhop El;g tshr;rpah ifalf;fj; jhiy Ngrp cs;s v NyhUk; Gifg;glf; fiyqhfshf khwptpl;lhhfs;.,jdh ed;ikfsk; mnj rkak; jpikfsk; cz;l. jdpkdpj cupik> jdpkdpj Rje;jpuk; Nghd;wit,jdh mjpf,lq;fsp ghjpf;fg;gl;buf;fpd;wd. cq;fs; glf;if miw ad;dyf;f tspna epd;w Droe tpbnah glk; vlj;jhyk; Mr;rupag;glj;Njitap iy. me;j mstpw;fj; jhop El;gk; tshe;j tpl;lj. rpy,lq;fsp jt whd glq;fs; vlf;fg;gl;ljh ghjpf; fg;gl;lthfs; jw;fhiy ra;jfhz; ljk; cz;l. Nghjhf;Fiwf;Ff; fzpdp jhop El;gj;jp $l cz;ikahd glq;fs;nghy xutupd; jiyia khw; wtk;> cliy khw;wtk;> cut mikg;ig khw;wtk; $bajhf trjp fs; te;j tpl;ld. mg;gb khw;wg;gl;l jkpo; gz;fs; rpyupd; glq;fs; rpy INuhg;gpa ehlfsp taj te;jthf Sf;fhd tpbnah fpsg;gfsp,dq; fhzg;gl;buf;fpd;wd. e ythfspd; ifap,e;jf; fiy,ue;jh mj r%f tshr;rpf;f xu Cd;W Nfhyhf,Uf;Fk;> Mdh jtwhdthfspd; ifap rd;wh r% fj;ijr; rpuopj;j tplk;. Mz;fSk; gz;fskhf,e;jf; fiyapdh ed;ik mile;jthfsk; gyh,uf; fpwhhfs;.,thfsp xurpyh ghjpf; fg;gl;lhyk;> ghjthfg; gz;fns mjpfkhfg; ghjpf;fg;gl;buf;fpwhh fs;. Gifg;glj;jp fhl;rpjuntz;lk; vd;w MHtk; fhuzkhfg; gyh Ntz; lhj ghwpf;fs; rpf;fpf; fhs;fpwhh fs;. jq;fs; Miria epiwntw;w ahnuhl epd;w vlf;fpnwhk; vd;gj $lj; jupahk Gifg;glk; vlj;jf; fhs;fpwhhfs;. xt;thutuf;fk; xt; thutpjkhd Mirfs;,Uf;fyhk;> xutuf;f czt kpj> xutuf;f cilfs; kpj> xutuf;f,ir kpj> rpdpkh kpj> tpisahl;l kpj vd;w yhk;,ug;gj NghyNt,e;jg; Gifg; gl MirfSk; jtphf;f Kbahjjhf,Uf;fpd;wJ. KfE}yp NghLtjw;fhfNt Gifg;g lnkh m yj tpbnahnth vlg;gth fs; cz;l. rpdpkhg;glj;jp mjphr;rp juk; m yj jpfpy}l;lk; fhl;rpfs; Nghyj; jhq;fsk; mg;gbahd mgh afukhd fhl;rpg; glq;fisr; r gp %yk; vlf;f KidAk; NghJ gyh tpgj;jpyk; rpf;fpf; fhs;fpwhhfs;. r gp Mir,Wjpap mthfisna gyp vlj;j tplfpd;wj. mg;gbahd rpy rk;gtq;fisg; gw;wp,q;nf Fwpg; gplyhk; vd epidf;fpd;nwd;. 2014k; Mz;L mjpntfkhf r gp vlf; Fk; Kiw mwpkfkhdjh > r gp vlf;fk;nghj gy tpgj;jf;fsf;f r gpna fhuzkhf,ue;jj. mk upf;fhtpd; Nghf;Ftuj;J rigapd; mwpf; ifapd;gb RkhH 33>000 gazpfs; r gp vlf;fk;nghnjh m yj ifa lf;fj; jhiyngrpg; ghtidahnyh ghjpf;fg;gl;buf;fpwhhfs;. vwp,d;r ud;]; FW}g; mwpf;ifapd;gb 4 tpj khd thfdnthl;bfs; r gp vlf; Fk;NghJjhd; tpgj;ijr; re;jpj;j,uf; fpwhhfs;. th\pq;ld; Ngh];l; 2016k; Mz;L [dtup khj gj;jpupifapd; cj;jpnahfg+htkhd mwpf;ifapd;gb 2015k; Mz;L 27 r gp kuzq;fs;,e;jpahtp ele;jjhf jupfpd;wj Mz;L tiuapyhd cj;jp Nahfg;gw;ww;w mwpf;if Fiwe;jJ 54 NguhtJ r gpah kuzpj;jpuf;fyhk; vdj; jupfpd;wj. 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KfE} gf;fq;fns mjw;fr; rhl;rpahf,uf;fpd;wd. $l;lkhf epd;w r gp vlf;fk;nghj> vlg;gtupd; Kfk; kpf munf,ug;g jh tpfhukhfj; jupthftk; mjdh jhq;fns r gp vlg;gijr; rkpg fhy khfg; gyuk; jtphg;gjhftk; jupfpd; wj. rp.vd;.vd;,izaj;jsj;jp,ijg; gw;wpf; Fwpg;gpLk; NghJ: The youth ad tourists are frequetly affected because of the desire of beig cool, postig photos o social (media) ad gettig rewards i forms of likes ad commets, the study says. Selfies are themselves ot harmful, but the huma behavior that accompaies selfies is dagerous. Idividuals eed to be educated regardig certai risky behaviors ad risky places where selfies should ot be take. crhj;jiz: kuruaravida@thaiveedu.com

41 jha;tpl brk;gu; December

42 jha;tpl brk;gu; December 2018

$jha;tpl brk;gu; December 2018-41 - _ÈVı ÔVÈD Bakruptcy, Cosumer proposal º Vu ºƒÁkÔπ_ kxá BkÏÔ^ Ô [ fleá BV_ WD\]Bu kvµ ÁÔBV? ÂV VÕ> kvµáô ÁÔÂøs º V >V? T, ÔV x>èv s D [ Ô\V?$ $ºƒÁk ÔV Ô appled (Cosultig fee) ÂV Ô^ s k]_áè \Á kv Ô apple Ô^ (Hidde charges) md Á BVm Cosumer Proposal ÿƒfk>[ JÈD c Ô^ Ô [ÿ>váôl_ ŒÚ z]áb \ º\ k Ωl_ÈVm ÿƒk > ÂV Ô^ Œø z ÿƒfm ÿôv º VD.$

43 jha;tpl brk;gu; December _ÈVı ÔVÈD Bakruptcy, Cosumer proposal º Vu ºƒÁkÔπ_ kxá BkÏÔ^ Ô [ fleá BV_ WD\]Bu kvµ ÁÔBV? ÂV VÕ> kvµáô ÁÔÂøs º V >V? T, ÔV x>èv s D [ Ô\V? Collectio Agecyl[ ÿ>váèº E t ÈV? c Ô^ ƒd D Ô [ >Õº>V V_ x>èvzd [ ÔkÁÈBV? ºƒÁk ÔV Ô appled (Cosultig fee) ÂV Ô^ s k]_áè \Á kv Ô apple Ô^ (Hidde charges) md Á BVm Cosumer Proposal ÿƒfk>[ JÈD c Ô^ Ô [ÿ>váôl_ ŒÚ z]áb \ º\ k Ωl_ÈVm ÿƒk > ÂV Ô^ Œø z ÿƒfm ÿôv º VD. Cosumer Proposal uæ ÿôv^ >uz c º ºB Ô Á Œ[Á ÿ uæ ÿôv^ Œø z ÿƒfm ÿôv Ô D Trustee i bakruptcy ÁappleÕm Œº ÌÁ l[ ˇµ B zd ŒÚ >tw WÆk D Á m Ô [ fleá Ô ÔV Èkƒ gºèvƒá Ô z Sri Vallipuraathar Certified Isolvecy & Bakruptcy Cousellor Corporate Drive Scarborough, ON M1H 3G5 Tel: Cell: Fax: cotact@creditsolutiocaada.com

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Toy Hall of Famed; fuj;jg;gb> ve;j fhyj; jpyk; gpurpj;jpahd tpisahl;lg; ghul; fs; vit vd epidf;fpwphfs;? jb> mjw;f mlj;jjhf gl;b> fapw> card board Foha;fs;> kw;wj mof;f! mstf;f mjpfkhd tpisahl;l ghul; fs;> gps;isfs; Ra-kjpg;ig Fiwj;J tplf;$lk;. Vdd;wh jhk; ahh vd; gij tpltk;> jk;kplk; vd;d,uf;fpwj vd;gij itj;j jk;ik kjpf;f Muk; gpj;jtplthhfs;. trjpfs; mjpfkhf, yhjpug;gpdk;> gw;nwhh> ez;ghfs; vd e y cwtfis NgZk; gps;is fs;> Ra-kjpg;gp cahthftk;> eil Kiwap rpuhftk;> tho;f;ifap tuk; jilfis MNuhf;fpakhd Kiwap vjphfhs;sf;$bathfshftk;,uf; fpwhhfs;. khj;jj;jp > e y ra;jp jhd;. mjp fk; gzkk; NeuKk; tpuak; ra;ahkny> cq;fs; gps;isfspd; kfpo;tf;f cj; juthjk;,uf;fpwj! kfpo;r;rp> gwt jh kl;lk y fhlg;gjhyk; tufpwj vd;gij gps;isfsf;f Gupa itf;f yhk;. gz;bif fhyq;fsp > cq;fs; gps;isfs; %ykhfnt> f\;lkhd epiy ap,uf;fk; NtW Foe;ijfSf;Fk;> FLk;gq;fSf;Fk; cjttj vg;gb vd epq;fs; fw;wj;ju KbAk;. mthfisna guprg;ghul;fis jahhra;a itj; Jf; fhlf;fr; ra;ayhk;. Shelters, foodbaks vd;w jhdk; ra;a fw;wf; fhlf;fyhk;. cq;fs; FLk;gj;jpw;fd xu gz;bif fhy kuig epq;fs; Vw;gLj;j KbAk;. jk; ez;ghfsf;f mjpfk; gupr ghul; fs; fpilf;fpwj> Vd; jkf;f kl;lk;, iy vd gps;isfs; Nfl;lh mth fsf;f cq;fs; FLk;gk; vjidr; rup adf; fujfpwj> cq;fs; tyg;gw khdq;fs; vd;d vd;gjid cq;fs; gps;isfsf;f tpsf;fq;fs;. cq;fs; md;gf;fk;> epq;fs; Ntz;bf; fhlf;fk; ghul;fsf;fk; xu jhlhgk;, iy vd;gij tpsf;fq;fs;. gps;isfs; Gj; jprhypfs;. Gupe;Jfhs;thHfs;. pushpa.k@thaiveedu.com

- 44 - jha;tpl brk;gu; December 2018 rpjk;gu jpur;re;jpehjd;: <ok; Nghw;wpa voj;jhsh V uhsk; rpwfijfisak;> rpy eht fisak; vojpg; Gfo;gw;w voj;jhsh rpjk;gu jpur;re;jpehjd;.

Mdh 1985d; gpd;dhd,tuj gilg; Gf;fs; <otpljiyg; Nghuhl;lj;ij tyr;nrhf;fk; ghq;fkpf;fitahf tpsq; fpd.

46 jha;tpl brk;gu; December 2018 rpjk;gu jpur;re;jpehjd;: <ok; Nghw;wpa voj;jhsh V uhsk; rpwfijfisak;> rpy eht fisak; vojpg; Gfo;gw;w voj;jhsh rpjk;gu jpur;re;jpehjd;. <otpljiy MAjg; Nghuhl;lk; Muk;gpj;j vz;gjf- Sf;F Kd;gpUe;Nj,tH,yf;fpag; gilg;gfis Mf;fp te;jpuf;fpwhh.,t uj mf;fhyg; gfjpg; gilg;gf;fs; Kf;fpakhfr; r%fg; gpur;rpidfisf; fuf;fshff; fhz;like;jpue;jd. Mdh 1985d; gpd;dhd,tuj gilg; Gf;fs; <otpljiyg; Nghuhl;lj;ij tyr;nrhf;fk; ghq;fkpf;fitahf tpsq; fpd.,t;thw voj;jg; gzpnahl <otplj iyg; Nghuhl;l mzpapd; fiy gz; ghl;lg;gzpfspyk; fzpg;gf;fupa gq; fhspaha;f; flikahf cioj;j te; jhh. 1990fspd; Kw;gFjpap Gypfs;,af;fk; elj;jpa Kj;jkpo; tpohitahl;b tspaplg;gl;l fdjpkpf;f Mf; fq;fisj; jhq;fp tspte;j gye}w gf;fq;fisf; fhz;l Kj;jkpo; tpoh kyupd; MrpupaH FOtpd; Kf;fpa cwg; gpduhf,th tpsq;fpajhf Qhgfk;. NkYk; fiygz;ghl;lf;fof tspap Lfs;> <oehjk; ehspjo; Mfpatw;wpd; Muk;gfhyr; raw;ghlfspd;,aq;f rf;jpahftk;,th tpsq;fpdhh. <otp Ljiyg;Nghuhl;l tpul;rj;jpd;> tspj; jupahk kiwghul;fshf> tho Ntz;bapUe;j NtHfSs;,tUk; xu th. jkpopo tpljiyg; Gypfspd; tspapl; lfq;fshd me;jpthdk; gjpg;gfk;> re;jpud; gjpg;gfk; vd;gtw;wpd; tupir ap 90fspd; gpw;gfjpap Mjtd; tsp apl;l epiyakk; epwtg;gl;l mkuh rpjk;gu jpur;re;jpehjdpd; ghwg;gp,aq;fpte;jj. fiygz;ghl;lf;fofk; Nghd;w XH,yf;fpa fiyg;gzp mikg; Gk; vofiykd;wk; vd;w gaup,t uj jiyikap,aq;fp te;jj. rpjk; gu jpur;re;jpehjid jdf;f ce;j rf;jpahf tpsq;fpath vd;w cahj;jk; tpljiyg;ghlyhrpupah ftpqh Nty iza+h RNu\; kw;wk; ftpqh K iyf; fk Nghd;w gy,isqhfis,e;j vo fiykd;wk; %yk; jpur;re;jpeh jd; fiy,yf;fpag; gzpfsp Cf;fp te;jhh. mkuh jpur;re;jpehjdpd; je;ij rpjk; guehjd; rpwe;j rq;fpj fjhg;gpurq;fp ahftk; ehlf ebfuhftk; ed;fwpag; gl;bue;j XH murhq;f CopaH. jpur; re;jpehjdpd; jk;gp xuth rpjk;gu fnzrypq;fk; vd;gtuk; rpwe;j rpwf ijfis vojpas;shh. rpjk;gu jpur; re;jpehjdpdj rpwfijfs; rpy rpq; fs khopapyk; khopgahf;fg;gl;l - r.nt. gq;rhl;ruk; - tspte;js;sd. 2004k; Mz;L,Z tpyp epfo;e;j mwpthyak; E} epiya jpwg;g tpohtpd; Kjd;ik tpue;jpd uhd ftpqh GJit,uj;jpdJiu jkj ciuap,zit rpjk;gu jpur;re; jpehjdk;> ftpqh r.nt. gq;rhl;rukk;,ztpypd;,ufz;fs; vd;w Fwpg;gpl; lhh. Vwf;Fiwa 5 Mz;Lfspd; Kd;,Z tp kujdhhklk;,uhkehjd; f Y}up kz;lgj;jp mkuh,zita+h rpjk; gu jpur;re;jpehjdpd; r%f,yf;fpag; gzpfis ghuhl;lk; Nehf;fpyhd kzp tpoh> md;dhupd; fiy,yf;fpa ez; ghfspd; Vw;ghl;b fhz;lhlg;gl;l> kzptpoh kyuk; tspaplg;gl;lj.,g; ghoj mtuj kiwt <onjrpa,yf; fpathjpfsf;f,baha; mike;j tpl;lj. pachacharam@thaiveedu.com rpjk;gu jpur;re;jpehjd;: voj;jh r%fj;ij Nerpj;jtH X H,yf;fpafhudpd; rpe;jidj; jlj;jp kdpjhfspd; elj;ijf; Nfhyq;fSk; mjd}lhf mthfspd; r%f Clhl; lq;fsk; gjpt gwfpd;wd. mg;gjptfs; fhy Xl;lj;jp mopahr; RtLfshf khwpf; fhye;njhwk; kdpj,ug;gpd; mtyj;ij> Ritia>,d;gj;ij mlj;j re;jjpapduf;f vlj;jr; r Yk; jifik cs;sit Mfpd;wd. me;jtifap jkpopyf;fpaj;jp rq;fg; ghl fs; %yk; rpyg;gjpfhunkh Njthu> jputhrf> Mo;thH ghl fnsh> fk;g uhkhaznkh m yj rkfhyj;j etpd jkpopyf;fpag; gilg;gf;fshd eht > rpwfij ftpijfnsh kdpjupd; mt; tf;fhyj;j ghlfis vlj;jpak;gfpd; witna. mjdh me;jf; fhyq;fsk; me;jg; gilg;ghspfsk; vd;wd;wk; kf;fs; kdq;fsp tho;e;j fhz;b Ug;gH. me;jtifap rkfhyj;j <oj;j jkpoh tho;tpd; ghlfis NghUf;F Ke;jpa> NghHf;fhyj;J> NghUf;Fg; gpe;jpa fhyj;j kf;fs; JaHfisj; jkj voj; jpd}lhf fhz;l te;jth,zita+h rpjk;gu jpur;re;jpehjd; mthfs; vd; wh kpifahfhj ghlrhiy khztdhf,ue;j fhyj;jp je;ijahh rpjk;guehjgps; isapd; fiy cyfpdh cw;rhfk; gw;wk;> mf;fhyj;j Kd;dzp voj; jhshfspd; gilg;gf;fspdh ce;jg; gw;wk; rpwfij cyfp gpuntrpj;j kpj;jpud;> tpunfrup vdj;jhlq;fp gpd; dhsp <oehl> <okur> Kurhyp> <o ehjk;> cjad;> jpdf;fu vdg; g NtW gj;jpupiffspyk; k ypif> mkphj fq;if> ra;jpf;fjph> tspr;rk;> Mjhuk;> cs;sk;> vdg;gy <oj;j rq;rpiffsp Yk; vojp Kd;dzp voj;jhsuhfg; gup zkpj;jhh vd;whtj xu ehs;? vd;dk; FWehtypiy,Ztp fiy,yf;fpa tl;lj;jpd; epfo;thd;wp tspapl;ljd; %yk; gpuru cyfpyk; jk;ik tspf; fhl;bf;fhz;l jpur;re;jpehjd; jhlhe;j 1988 Kbt y Muk;gk; vdk; ehtiy kpuh tspaplhf tspapl;ljd; %yk; eht cyfpyk; jk;ikg; gjpt ra;j fhz;lhh. rpjdk;> rhjp> Nghuhl;lr; R+o vd aho;g;ghz epiyikfis glk; gpbf;fk;,e;eht Nghuhl;l fhyj; ijg; gifg;gykhff; fhz;ls;sj. 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Njtahdp > Rf;fpuhr;rhupahH > muq; Nfw;wk; Nghd;w ehlfq;fslhf CH kf;fs; kj;jpap gpug ak; gw;wpue;j jpur;re;jpehjd; jkj rpwfijfs; Clhf Fwpg;ghf tpunfrup thu kyup tspte;j fijfs; Clhf ehlshtpa upjpap Gfo; <l;bapue;jhh. 150 f;fk; Nkw;gl;l rpwfijfis vojp tsp apl;l jpur;re;jpehjd; mthfs; 4 rpw fijj; jhfjpfisak;,yf;fpa cy fpw;f mspj;js;shh. tl;lkfk; (1973)> vd;dilajk; mk;khtpdjk; (1998)> kz tsp muq;f (2002) vd;gd Njrpa fiy,yf;fpa Nguit tspaplfs; MfTk; kuj;jthfspd; kuzk; (2016)> vo fiy,yf;fpag; Nguitapd; tspaplhftk; tspte;js;sd. aho;g;ghz kj;jpaju thf;fj;j tho; epiyfs;> NghH>,lg;gaHT> euf; fbfs; vd;gtw;nwhl NghHf;fhyj;J,isQHfspd; mtyq;fs; vd;gd rpw fij fug;ghul;fshf milahsk; fz;lfhz;ls;shh. NghUf;Fg; gpe;jpa fhyr; R+oyp kf;fspd; mtyq;fis kuj;jthfspd; kuzk; vd;dk; rpwfijj; jhfg;gpd; Clhf tspf; - fe;ijah =fnzrd; - fhzhe;js;sh. ehlfk;> eht > rpwfij vdk; tb tq;f@lhf,yf;fpaj; jlk; gjpj;j jpur;re;jpehjd; mthfs; xu gj;jpup ifahsdhf> gj;jpupif Mrpupauhf gzpahw;wpa Ntisap,isa gilg; ghspfis mutizj;jk;> topfhl;b Ak; epd;w gf;ftk; gy,isa jiy Kiw voj;jhshfsh,d;wk; Nghw; wg;glfpd;wj. GJf;FbapUg;gp vofiy,yf;fpag; Nguitia cuthf;f jpur;re;jpehjdld; NjhSf;F Njhshf epd;wth Nghupd; cf;fpuj;jp kiwe;j gj;jpupifahsh mkuh rj;jpa%hj;jp. mkuh jpur;re;jpehjd; gj;jpupif voj;jf;fs; Clhf g NtW tpkhrfh> Ma;thsH fuj;jf;fis Gjpa thr fhfsf;f mwpkfk; ra;j itj;jth. rpjk;gueluh[d;> ep.,uh[ehafp> el uh[d; ike;jd;>,ztpyhd; vdg; gy GidgaHfSld; jdj gjptfis Nkw;fhz;bUe;jhH. rkfhy,yf;fpa r ewpfs; gw;wpak;> jukhd,yf;fpa tpkhrdq;fis mwpkfg;glj;jpak;,yf;fpag; gzpgupe;jth. jsthr rq;rpif mtuj,yf;fpa,johf gupzkpj;j te;j Ntisap Nehapd; fle;jhf;fj;jpdh jk;kapiu epj;j GfOl va;jpdhh.,u tulq;fsf;f Kd;dH jdj tho;f;ifj; Jiztpia,oe;jjpypUe;J cw;rhfk; Fd;wpapUe;j ez;gh jpur;re;jpehjd; jdj,u Mz;gps;isfisAk;,U gz; gps; isfisak; tpl;l kiwe;j tpl;lik <oj;j,yf;fpa cyfpw;f xu guk;,og;g MFk;. j ypg;gis gpunjr rayfj;jpd; ephthf cj;jpnahfj;juhf flikahw;wp Xa;T epiyiaf; fle;j 4 tulq;fsf;f Kd; gw;wpue;jhh. md;dhupd; Mj;k rhe;jpf;fhf ehkk; gpuhhj;jpg;nghk;. shrigaesha.k@thaiveedu.com

47 jha;tpl brk;gu; December

- 46 - jha;tpl brk;gu; December 2018 -digi Media Creatios-

48 jha;tpl brk;gu; December digi Media Creatios- Brokerage Lic# Sure Natha AMP Mortgage Broker Licese# M Dir Office Fax: sure@boafidemortgage.ca, 7 Eastvale Drive,Uit 203, Markham, ON, L3S 4N8

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,jd; vjphfhyg; ghjpg;gf;is czhe;j aho; MaH mthfs; raw;gl;l> aho; Gdpj rk; gj;juprpahh f Y}up jhlq;ftjw;f,ue;j jilfisak;> murld; Ngr;R thhj;ij elj;jp ghupa rpukj;jpd; kj; jpap mjw;fhd mdkjpapidg; gw;w

49 jha;tpl brk;gu; December jpu,ujaf; f Y}up tjpup> futl;b Sacred Heart College, Vathiry, Karaveddy mwpkfk;:,g;ghlrhiyahdj tlkuhl;rpg; gf jpap Kjyp Njhd;wpa Nwhkd; fj; Njhypf;f Mq;fpyg; ghlrhiyahfk; jhlq;fg;gl;l Mq;fpNyaupd; f tpj; jhgdq;fis Muk;gpf;Fk; gzp Kjyp Gul;l];jhe;J kjkhd t]; ypad; kprdupf;fk;> mkupf;fd; kprd upf;fnk gpupj;jhdpa murh VfNghfkhf toq;fg;gl;bue;jj. Vida rkaq;f Sf;F me;j cupik toq;fg;gltp iy. gpupj;jhdpa mur Gul;];jhe;J kjk; rhhe;j,ue;jjdh,yq;ifap fpwp]; uhd fj;njhypf;f rkaj;jpduf;f Mq; fpy ghlrhiyfis mikf;fk; md kjp toq;fg;gltp iy.,jd; vjphfhyg; ghjpg;gf;is czhe;j aho; MaH mthfs; raw;gl;l> aho; Gdpj rk; gj;juprpahh f Y}up jhlq;ftjw;f,ue;j jilfisak;> murld; Ngr;R thhj;ij elj;jp ghupa rpukj;jpd; kj; jpap mjw;fhd mdkjpapidg; gw;w jidak; mf;f Y}upapd; fl;liuap ghhj;jpug;gphfs;. mjd; gpd;ng 1850k; Mz;b mf;f Y}up Muk;gpf;fg;gl; lj.,e;j xoq;nf gsj;j>,e;jg; ghlrhiyfisak; jhlq;f mdkjp toq;f topnaw;glj;jpf; fhlj;jj. rk;gj;juprpahh f Y}up jhlq;fg;gw;w 63 Mz;Lfspd; gpd;dh 1913 Mz;L rg;uk;gh khjk; 21k; ehs; tjpup Nfhapw;gw;wp jpu,ujaf; f Y}up Mk;gpf;fg;gl;lJ. tjpup Nfhapw;gw;W vd;gj futl;bap mike;jpue;jj. epwtdh: aho; khtl;lk yhk; ghlrhiyfis fpwp];jt kj epwtdq;fsk;> irthf Sk; epwtp elj;jp tuifap kjb];j epwtdkk; tlkuhl;rpap gy rpwpa ghlrhiyfisak; `hl;yp> kjb];j kp\d; gz;fs; f Y}up Nghd;w gupa ghlrhiyfisak;> mkupf;f kp\d upahdj> mkupf;fd; kp\d; clg;gpl;b mkupf;fd; kp\d; f Y}up iaak;> mkupf;fd; kp\d; gz;fs; f Y}up Nghd;w gupa ghlrhiyfisak; rpy fpuhkq;fsp rpwpa ghlrhiyfisak; elj;jpte;jdh. gpupj;jhdpa murpd; f tpf; fhs;ifapd;gb Gul;l];jhe;J kjg; ghlrhiyfsp kl;lk; Mq;fpyf; f tpiaak; Vida ghlrhiyfsp Raghi\f; f tpiaak; toq;f md kjpj;jpue;jdh.,jdh Vida rka kf;fs; Mq;fpyf;f tp gapy Gul;l]; jhe;j kjg; ghlrhiyf;fr; r y> mthfs; jkj rkaj;jpw;f khwp thu thhfs; vd;w vz;zj;jld; raw;gl; lhhfs;.,jidf; fz;zw;w rpy fj; Njhypf;f kjfuf;fsf;f jkj gfjp fsp jkj kjk; rhhe;j Mq;fpyg; ghl rhiyfs; Njhd;whJtpbd; jkjkjg; gps;isfs; kjk; khwp Mq;fpyk; gbg; gjw;fd Gul;l];jhe;J kjg;ghlrh iyf;fr; rd;w f tp gap thhfs; vd;w vz;zk; Vw;gl;lJ.,t;thwhf futl;bg; gfjpapyk; tlkuhl;rpapd; Vida gfjpfspyk; tho;e;j Nwhkd; fj;njhypf;f kf;fsf;fd xu jdpahd ghlrhiy, iy vd;gjid czhe;j gpuhd;r ehl;ilr; NrHe;j fj;njhypf;f kjfu mul;jpu v];.vr;. gur (m.k.jp) mthfspd; rpe;jidapnyna futl;b> tjpupf; Nfhapw;gw;wp xu ghlrhiy mikf;fk; vz;zk; fuf; fhz;lj. mg;nghj mth guj;jpj;jiw gq;fj; je;ijahff; flikahw;wpdhh. mjnt tjpup jpu,ujaf; f Y}up vd;dk; Mq;fpyf; f Y}upahf 1913k; Mz;L kyhe;jj.,tuj,r; rpe;j idf;f Cf;fKk; Mf;fKk; fhlj;j thfs; futl;b tho; fj;njhypf;fhfns. mf;fhyj;jp tjpup> futl;bg; gq;fk; guj;jpj;jiwg; gq;fpd;fpnona,aq;fp te;jd.,t;t+hg;gfjp kf;fs; mg;g Fjpfsp kjb];l; kw;wk; mkupf;fd; kp\d; ghlrhiyfs; Mq;fpyg; ghlrh iyfshf,aq;fp te;jjdh jkj gfjpap fj;njhypf;f khzth gapy xu Mq;fpyf; fj;njypf;f ghlrhiy Ntz;Lkd;gjid tpuk;gpdh NguUs;jpU `d;wp A+yd; MaH tjpupg; gq;fpw;f cwjpg;g+rj epiw Ntw;w r%fkspj;jnghj mtiu md; Gld; tuntw;w jkj flikfs; epiw Ntw;wg;gl;lTld; mtuplk; jkj gf jpf;f xu fj;njhypf;f Mq;fpyg; ghl rhiyapd; Njit gw;wp xu fbjk; fhlj;jdh. mtnuh ghlrhiyf;f xu fhzpia ed;fhilahfj; je;jh cq;fsf;f xu fj;njhypf;f Mq;fpyg; ghlrhiyia gw xoq;f ra;ntd; vd;w thf;fwjp fhlj;jhh. me;jf; Nfhupf;if epiwntw;wg;gltjw;f mg; NghJ me;njhdpahh Nfhtp %g;guh fpa me;njhdpg;gps;isak; rq;fpypj; jhk; rtupkj;jtk; gupjk; cjtpdh. Kj mjpgh mul;jpu v];.,khdnt mbfs; kdnt mj;njhtk; mtupd; kidtp Ak; fhzpia md;gspg;gr; ra;a xj; Jf;fhz;ldH. mf;fhzpapnyna %g; gh me;njhdpg;gps;is mthfspd; Nkw; ghhitap fl;ll Ntiy eilgw;w te;jj. ghlrhiy Muk;gk;: gpuhd;r ehl;ilr; NrHe;j fj;njhypf;f kjfu mul;jpu v];.vr;. gur (m.k.jp) mthfspd; rpe;jidapnyna futl;b> tjpupf; Nfhapw;gw;wp xu ghlrhiy mikf;fk; vz;zk; fuf; fhz;lj. mg;nghj mth guj;jpj;jiw gq;fj; je;ijahff; flikahw;wpdhh. mjnt tjpup jpu,ujaf; f Y}up vd;dk; Mq;fpyf; f Y}upahf 1913k; Mz;L kyhe;jj. 1913k; Mz;L rg;uk;gh khjk; 21k; jpfjp tjpup> futl;b fj;njhypf;f kf; fisg; ghwj;j tiuap kpftk; re; Njh\khd ehshfk;. Vddp,d;Nw ghlrhiy Muk;gkhfpaJ. Vida kjg; gps;isfsk; NrHe;J gbj;jhhfs;. Muk; gj;jp 29 khzthfsldk; 4 Mrpup ahfsldk; ghlrhiy Muk;gkhfpaJ. NguUs;jpU Maupd; gpujpepjpahf aho; rk;gj;juprpahh f Y}up mjpgh mul; jpu rp.v];. kj;jpa+]; mbfs; tz. gpjh gur mthfis epidt $He;jhH. Kj mjpguhf mul;jpu v];.,kh DNt mbfshh epakpf;fg;gl;lhh. ghl rhiy Muk;gk; kj epfo;r;rpfsld; epiwntwpaj. Muk;gpf;fg;gl;l Mq;fpyg; ghlrhiy apd; gah Roma Catholic Aglo Veracular School, Vathiry.,k;khDt mbfshh mjpguhftk;> MrpupauhfTk;> Njthyaf; FUj; jhz;ilak; ra;j te;jhh. mbfshspd; Gdpj Nrit fhuzkhf futl;biar; R+oTs;s t tl;bj;jiw> guj;jpj;jiw> GNyhyp> fl;ilntyp Mfpa gpunjrq;fspyp Ue;J fj;njhypf;f khzthfs; kl;lkd;wp - KUNfR ghf;fpaehjd; - Vida,lq;fspypUe;J irt khz thfsk; te;j gbj;jdh. irt khz thfis kjkhw;wk; ra;thh vd;w ga Kk; epq;fpaj. fj;njhypf;f khzthfs; Mq;fpyf; f tpiaf; fw;w gpupj;jhdpa murpd; fpo; cj;jpnahfkk; gw;wdh. mg;gpunjrj;jp Kjyp Muk;gpf;fg; gl;l Mq;fpyg; ghlrhiyahd `hl;ypf; f Y}upf;F khzthfs; mjpfk; rd; wdh. mlj;jjhf Muk;gpf;fg;gl;l Mq; fpyg; ghlrhiyahd fj;njhypf;f Mq; fpy ghlrhiyf;f Mq;fpyk; fw;gjw;fhf khzthfs; te;j NrHe;jhHfs;. 1915k; Mz;L ghlrhiy jukahj;jg;gl;l mjd; gah Sacred Heart Elemetary School, Vathiry vd;w gah fhz;l iof;fg;gl;lj. Muk;gj;jp 29 khzth 4 MrpupaHfSld;,Ue;j ghlrhiy ahdj> mjpgh,k;khdt mbfshuj fw;gpj;j > ghlrhiy xoq;f Mfpadtw;wh ftug;gl;l khzthfs; 5 tulq;fsp 118 khzthfshfpaj. ghw;fhyk;: 1921k; Mz;b mjpgh,khdnt mbfsh aho; rk;gj;juprpahh f Y} upf;f (Bursar) epjpg; ghwg;ghsuhf khw;wyhfpr;rd;whh. mtiuj; jhlhe;j mul;;jpu v];.v. gq;rkpd; mbfshh mjpguhf epakpf;fg;gl;lhh. mtuj fhyk; xu ghw;fhyk; vdg;gl;lj. mul;;jpu v];.v. gq;rkpd; mbfshh mth kpftk; cw;rhfkhff; flikahw; wpdhh.,th ghlrhiyapd; xu,sk; rpw;gp vd miof;fg;gl;lhh. Gdpj R+irag;gH rigj; Jwtpfspd; jhz;l:,g;ghlrhiyapd; tshr;rpap G.R+.r. Jwtpfspd; gq;f msg;gupaj tiu,g;ghlrhiyia mkykupj; jpahfpfshnyna ephtfpf;fg;gl;lj Gdpj R+irag;gH rigj; Jwtp fs; ephthfg; ghwg;ig Vw;whHfs;.,tHfSf;F cwjizahftpue;j cjtpath mf;fhyj;nj mjpguhftp Ue;j mul; rnfh gp. ghf;fpaehjh. jhlu;jy; 48k; gf;fk;

- 48 - jha;tpl brk;gu; December 2018 jpu,ujaf;... 47k; gf;fj; jhlhr;rp... Gupe;jJ. tpoh kyuk; tspaplg;gl;lj.

$mjp\;ltrkhf aho;g;gh zg; ghlrhiyfs; vjtk; ghjpf;fg;gl tp iy.,tuj fhyj;jp khzth jq;fkpl tpljp mikf;fg;gl;lj. czt> cil Nghd;wd khzthfsf;f toq;fp Cf;fg;gLj;jg;gl;lJ.$ jpnahfg; gps;is mbfshh mthfs; aho; kiw khtl;lj;jpd; Mz;lifahff; flik ahw;wpdhh vd;gj ghlrhiyf;fg; gu ikahfk;. jhlhe;j te;j mbahhfs; m yhj gyh mjpghfshf,d;w tiu flikahw;wp tufpwhhfs;.

jpnahfg; gps;is mbfshh mthfs; aho; kiw khtl;lj;jpd; Mz;lifahff; flik ahw;wpdhh vd;gj ghlrhiyf;fg; gu ikahfk;. jhlhe;j te;j mbahhfs; m yhj gyh mjpghfshf,d;w tiu flikahw;wp tufpwhhfs;.

$Muk;gg; gpupt fdp\;l mjpguplk; xg;gilf;fg;gl;lj. mtuf;f cjtpahf cjtpahsh xu tuk; fhlf;fg;gl;lhh. ghj Nkw; ghhit> ghj xd;w$l jtphe;j Vida ghwg;gf;fis mtnu ra; jhh.$

50 jha;tpl brk;gu; December 2018 jpu,ujaf;... 47k; gf;fj; jhlhr;rp... Gupe;jJ. tpoh kyuk; tspaplg;gl;lj. E}w;whz;L tpoh fhz;lhl;lq;fs; 2013:,tuJ,uz;lhtJ gjtpf; fhykhfpa tiuahd fhyg;gfjpap,uz;lhtj cyf kfh Aj;jk; eilgw;wj.,f;fhyj;nj Flhehl;b f tpj; JiwAk; Vida gy JiwfSk; ghjpg;gw;wd. mjp\;ltrkhf aho;g;gh zg; ghlrhiyfs; vjtk; ghjpf;fg;gl tp iy.,tuj fhyj;jp khzth jq;fkpl tpljp mikf;fg;gl;lj. czt> cil Nghd;wd khzthfsf;f toq;fp Cf;fg;gLj;jg;gl;lJ. 1946k; Mz;L f tpj;jpizf;fsj;jpdh jpu,uj af; f Y}up vd;w f Y}up j; juj;jpw; Fj; jukahj;jg;gl;lj. gpd;dhsp mul;jpu gp. jpnahfg; gps;is mbfshh mthfs; aho; kiw khtl;lj;jpd; Mz;lifahff; flik ahw;wpdhh vd;gj ghlrhiyf;fg; gu ikahfk;. jhlhe;j te;j mbahhfs; m yhj gyh mjpghfshf,d;w tiu flikahw;wp tufpwhhfs;. fj;njhypf;fu yhj mjpgh: 1913k; Mz;L ghwg;ngw;w mjpguhfpa jpu,.,uhftd; mthfspd; J}u Nehf;fpdh MrpupaH r%fj;ijak;> ephthfk;: jpu. rp. tpd;rd;w; ephthfk; gutyhf;fg;gl;l Ntiyg;gO gfphe;jspf;fg;gl;lj. Muk;gg; gpupt fdp\;l mjpguplk; xg;gilf;fg;gl;lj. mtuf;f cjtpahf cjtpahsh xu tuk; fhlf;fg;gl;lhh. ghj Nkw; ghhit> ghj xd;w$l jtphe;j Vida ghwg;gf;fis mtnu ra; jhh. jpl;lkpl > MNyhrid toq;f khj;jpuk; ephthff; FOitg; ghwj;j jhfk;. Jiz mjpgupd; Nkw;ghHitah dj ghlrhiyf;f r%fk; fhlf;fhj Mrpupaupd; tfg;gf;fsf;f NtW Mrp upaiu xoq;fglj;jpg; ghlq;fis eilgwr;ra;j. khzthfsp gpe;jp tunthh> Kj ehs; tuhnjhh Mfp- NahH,tHfsh fz;fhzpf;fg;gl;ldu;. jpdkk; mikjp NgZk; Neuk; Kj ghlrhiy KbtilAk; tiu mikjp fhf;fk; NtiyiaAk;> f Y}upiar; Rj;jk; ra;ak; NtiyiaAk; MrpupaH FOthd;W fz;fhzpj;j te;jj.,thfsf;f cjtpahf khzth jiy th raw;glthh. xof;fhw;w eltbf; iffisf; ifahs xu jdpfo epa kpf;fg;gl;l,aq;fpaj.,jdh khz thfspilna xof;ff; fl;lg;ghl epy tpaj. mjpghfs;:,t;tshr;rpf;f> tshr;rpapd; mr;rhzp ahfj; jpfo;e;j mjpghfns fhuzk; vd;gj f tp cyfk; Vw;Wf;fhz;l cz;ikahfk;. fj;njhypf;f ghlrhiy ahf,ue;jhyk;,e;j khzthfsk; gbj;jhhfs;. mg;nghj mthfs; ru]; tjp G+ir>,e;Jg; GJtUlg;gpwg;G> jpghtsp Nghd;wd fhz;l mdkjpf; fg;gl;ldh. Gdpj jpdq;fsp tpn\l tplkiw toq;fg;gl;lj.,j;jifa Gupe;JzHNt ghlrhiyapd; tw;wpf;ff; fhuzkhapd. mthfisg; gl;baypl j mtrpakhdjhfk; mul;jpu v];.,khdnt mul;jpu v];.v. gq;rkpd; mul;rnfhjuh gp. ghf;fpaehjh mul;rnfhjuu; kdnt gps;is mul;rnfhjuh gp. ghf;fpaehjh mul;jpu <.V. gq;rkpd; mul;;jpu V.N;[.gp. md;uapd]; mul;;jpu gp. jpnahfg;gps;is mul;;jpu V.N[. kupahk;gps;is mul;;jpu vk;.v];. e iyah mul;;jpu <.V. gq;rkpd; mul;;jpu V.N[. fuzhfuh jpu. V.tp. eluh[h jpu. Njhk]; <g;gd; jpu. rp. tpd;rd;w; jpu. K.,uh[rpq;fk; jpu. up.vg;. kndhfud; jpu. t. fzgjpg;gps;is 2013,Ue;J jpu.,.,uhftd; miu E}w;whz;Lfshf,j;jifaf mbfshhfspd; NritNa,d;W,g; ghlrhiy rpwg;gld; tsu cwjiz jpu. V.tp. eluh[h 1960 jdpahh ghlrhiyfshf,aq; fpa epwtdq;fs; ahtk; NjrpaTlik ahf;fg;gl;ld. me;j tifap jpu,ujaf; f Y}upAk; mur ephthfj;jpd; fpo; te;jj.,jd; fhuzkhf 1961 tw;wplkhfpa mjpgh gjtp f tpj; jpizf;fsj;jpdh epug;gg;gl;lj. mg; NghJ tspap,ue;j fj;njhypf;f u yhj xu,e;jthd jpu tp. eluh[h mthfs; fhyg;gfjpap mjpguhff; flikahw;wpdhh.,tuj epakdj;jpd; fhuzkhfg; gy fj;njh ypf;fhfs; xu re;njfj;jlndna mt iug; ghhj;jdh. mth xu gioa khz tuhftk; Kd;dhs; mjpgh rnfh ghf;fpaehjh mthfspd; md;gf;fupa khztuhftk;,ue;jth. jpu,ujaf; f Y}up jahupj;j xu,yq;ifg; gl; ljhupak;$l. vdpdk;> ghlrhiyr; r% fj;jpw;f mj;jifa gak;,ue;jj.,j;jifa A+fq;fs; jtwhdit vd;g jid eluh[h mthfspd; eltbf;if fs; epugpj;jd.,tiuj; jhlhe;j ghlrhiyapd; epz;l fhy Mrpupauhd jpu. Njhk]; <g;gd; mthfs; tiu mjpguhf epakdk; gw;whh.,th frf;fk; fzp jj;ijf; fw;fz;lhf;fp khzth Ritj; jplr; ra;jth. gy fzpj E} fis mth MrpupauhftpUe;j fhyj;jpnyna tspapl;l jkpo; khzthfs; ahtuk; gadilar; ra;jth. aho; khtl;lnk mwpe;j mjpguhth.,th,e;jpah> Nfusj;jpypUe;J tuif je;j xu Mrpupauhf Nkw;gb ghlrhiyap fl ikahw;wpdhh.,tuj epakdj;ijapl;l ghlrhiyr; r%fnk kfpo;r;rpaile;jj. jpu. <g;gd; mthfs; jpbud jdj gjtpia,uh[pdhkh ra;jtpl;l,e; jpah rd;w tpl;ljdh mjpgh gjtp tw;wplkhdj. mjw;f xu ghuj;j khd mjpgiuf; f tpj; jpizf;fsk; NjbaNghNj me;j CupNyNa jpu tpd;rd;w; ghuj;jkhdth vdf; fz;l mtiu epakdk; ra;jdh.,tuj epa kdj;jh ghlrhiyr;r%fnk kfpo;tw; wj. fhuzk; mth xu mw;gzpg;gs;s MrpupauhfTk; xu fj;njhypf;f tpr thrpahftk;,ue;jtuhth.,th Mrp upahfsplk; md;ghfnt Ngrp Ntiy thq;fthh.,th f Y}upapd; E} epiyaj;ijg; Gduikg;Gr; ra;jhh. trjpfs; Nritfs; fl;lz epjpapyp Ue;J Ntjdk; toq;fp rq;fpj> eld Mrpupaiu epakpj;jhh. ghj mwptg; Nghl;bfs; elj;jpdhh.,th rku rd; khhf;f Nehf;fk; kpfe;j Md;kPfthjp ahfk;.,th,yq;ifj; jkpoh MrpupaH rq;f aho;. khtl;l jiytuhftk;> aho; kiw khtl;l fj;njhypf;f MrpupaH rq;f ghjr; rayhsuhftk; flik ahw;wpdhh.,tuj fhyj;jp f Y}upapd; 75MtJ tul gts tpoh fhz;lh lg;gl;lj. tpisahl;lg; Nghl;bfSf;fhd, yq;fs;:,k;khdnt, yk; gq;rkpd;, yk; ghf;fpaehjh, yk;. Mfpa, yq;fs;,aq;fpf;fhz;bue; jd.,jd; %yk; ka;t YdH Nghl; bfs; ghlrhiy kl;lj;jpyk;> mjp jupthd t YdHfs; khtl;l kl;lg; Nghl;bfspYk; gq;f gw;wpdh. Njrpa cl t YdH Nghl;bfsp khtl;l kl;lj;jp gq;fgw;wp Mz;fSk;> gz; fsk; tw;wpgw;whhfs;. Ngr;Rg; Nghl;b: jkpo; Mq;fpyk; Mfpa Ngr;Rg; Nghl; bfs; f Y}up kl;lj;jpyk;> tya kl; lj;jpyk;> khtl;l kl;lj;jpyk; gq;f gw;wp rfy gpuptfspyk; guprp fis td;w te;jhhfs;. f Y}upap,aq;fpa Vida khzth kd;wq;fs;: fj;njhypf;f khzth kd;wk;. irt khzth kd;wk; kidg; ghuspap kd;wk; tpq;qhd kd;wk; f Y}up mgptpuj;jpr; rig gioa khzth rq;fk;. ghlrhiy jhlq;fg;gl;l Kjd; Kj yp 1919k; Mz;L gfpuq;fg; gupl;ir ahfpa <.v];.v.rp gupl;irf;f khz thfs; Njhw;wpdhHfs;. mjp rpj;jpa ile;jthfs;,yq;ifapyk;> kyhah tpyk; mf;fhyj;jp cj;jpnahfk; gw;w tskhf tho;e;jhhfs;. ghlrhiyapd; gts tpoh 1988: k; Mz;L gtstpoh fhz; lhlg;gl;lnghj jpu rp. tpd;rd;w; mjpguhff; flikahw;wpdhh. mth Mrp upahfisak; jpu,uijaf; f Y}upr; r%fj;ijak; khzthfisak; xd;w NrHj;J 1988k; Mz;L ghlrhiyapd; 75tJ tul epiwitf; gts tpohth ff; fhz;lhbdhh. mg;nghj xu gts jw;nghija mjpgh jpu.,.,uhftd; jpu,ujaf; f Y}upr; r%fj;ijak; khzthfisak; xd;w NrHj;J fhz; lhl xoq;f ra;jhh.,jidapl;l 163 gf;fj;jp xu ghupa kyuk; tsp apl;lf; fhz;lhbdhh. mjp ghlrh iyapd; rhjidfs;> ghlrhiyf;f Ntz;ba Njitfs; ahtw;iwak; tpg upj;js;shh.,e;jf; fhz;lhl;lj;jp,e;e}w;whz;l kyh> aho; kiwkhtl;l fj;njhypf;f kf;fspd; cah jiytuk; Mz;lifAkhfpa mjp tz. Njhk]; rte;jpuehafk; mthfs; gpujk tpue; jpduhf te;j tspapl;l itj;jik guikf;fupaj. kfl thrfk;: md;g vijak; t Yk; Motto: Love Coquest All J}uNehf;F: jukhd f tpia toq;ftjd}lhf MS ikaila r%fj;ij cuthf;fj Nehf;ff;$w;W g tifj; NjHr;rpfis milar; ra; tjpd}nl f tpap ek;gpf;ifapid cuthf;fp Njrpaf; f tpf; Fwpf;Nfhs; fis vl;lk; tifap tsq;fis xoq;fglj;jp vjphfhy rth fsf;f Kfk; fhlf;fk; ew;gpuirahfj; jpirg; glj;j. crhj;jiz: 1980 ghlrhiyg; gts tpoh kyh 2013 ghlrhiy E}w;whz;L kyh. packiyaatha.m@thaiveedu.com

jha;tpl brk;gu; December 2018-49 -,d;dk;,uf;fpwj,dpa tho;t, e;epfo;t <];l; utz; kz; lgj;jp 04/11/2018 QhapW khiy 2:30 kzpf;f Muk; gkhfpaj.

ftpqhfs;> voj;jhsh fs; vdg; gy Kf;fpa];jHfs; Fj;J tpsf;nfw;wpdhhfs;. mfzpapd; FLk;g,isa jiykiwapdh KiwNa jkpo; tzf;fk;> tuntw;giu> jhfg;giu vd; gtw;iw toq;fpdhhfs;.

,isQHfSf;F ehq;fsk; rh ypf; fhlf;fntz;lk;. mfzp RNu]; mthfs; mw;gjkhf tho Ntz;Lk;.,t;thW ftpqh NgrpdhH. Ngr;rhsHfs; mid tuf;fk; cj;jupak; mzptpf;fg; gw;w tuntw;fg;gl;ldh.

mfzpapd; kfs; radpfh RNu]; gw;wp NguhrpupaH Fwpg;gpLk;NghJ> radpfh xu voj;jh sh> mth xu Nwh khl > cah ghlrhiyap,thfisg; Nghd;wtH fs; cuthf Ntz;Lk;.

51 jha;tpl brk;gu; December ,d;dk;,uf;fpwj,dpa tho;t, e;epfo;t <];l; utz; kz; lgj;jp 04/11/2018 QhapW khiy 2:30 kzpf;f Muk; gkhfpaj. mfzp RNu]; vojpa,e;ehtypd; rpwg;gg; gpujpfs; toq;f epfo;t> kz;lgk; epiwe;j rignahl rpwg;ghf eilgw;wj. mfzp RNu]pd; ftpij Mrhd; k.r. myf;rhe;jh muq; fhf Nkil mikf; fg;gl;bue;jj. ftpqhfs;> voj;jhsh fs; vdg; gy Kf;fpa];jHfs; Fj;J tpsf;nfw;wpdhhfs;. mfzpapd; FLk;g,isa jiykiwapdh KiwNa jkpo; tzf;fk;> tuntw;giu> jhfg;giu vd; gtw;iw toq;fpdhhfs;. jhlf;ftiuahf ftpqh fof ];jhg fhfsp xutuhd ftpqh fe;jtdk; mthfs;>,isqhfs; gupnahhfspd; rh Nfl;gjp iy. mwk; vd;wh vd;d td;w Nfl;fpwhHfs;> gupnahhfs;,ijr; rh ypf; fhlf;f Ntz;Lk;.,isQHfSf;F ehq;fsk; rh ypf; fhlf;fntz;lk;. mfzp RNu]; mthfs; mw;gjkhf tho Ntz;Lk;.,t;thW ftpqh NgrpdhH. Ngr;rhsHfs; mid tuf;fk; cj;jupak; mzptpf;fg; gw;w tuntw;fg;gl;ldh. mlj;jg;ngrpa NguhrpupaH ghyre;juk; mthfs;,j xu tpj;jpahrkhd E} tspapl vd;w rhd;dhh. mfzpapd; kfs; radpfh RNu]; gw;wp NguhrpupaH Fwpg;gpLk;NghJ> radpfh xu voj;jh sh> mth xu Nwh khl > cah ghlrhiyap,thfisg; Nghd;wtH fs; cuthf Ntz;Lk;. rpyh gzpepkpj;jk; Kjyp NghfNtz;b,Ue;jjh mthfsf;f Nkilap itj;j rpwg;gg;gpujpfs; toq;fg;gl;ld. mkphjypq;fk;> =uq;rdp> Nkup fpa+up Ngh MfpNahH gpujpfisg; gw;wf; fhz;ldh. kpfr;rpwe;j fijrh ypfs; Foe;ijfs;. mthfsplkpue;nj ehq;fs; gbf;f Ntz; Lk;. tpkhrdq;fs; tuntw;fg;gl Ntz; Lk;. rq;f,yf;fpaj;jpny gy Kw;Nghf; fhd fuj;jf;fs; cz;l. GJikg;gpj; jid,isajiykiwapdh Vw;Wf; fhs;s Ntz;Lk;. MjhuG+Htkhd voj; Jf;fis Kd;itg;gjh,isajiy KiwapdH Vw;Wf;fhs;s Ntz;Lk;. ehq;fs; xu Gj;jfk; gbg;gij Foe; ijfs; vg;nghjhtj ghhj;jjz;lh? vd;w Nfs;tpAk; vog;gpdhh Nkup fpa+up Ngh mthfs;. mtrukhdthfsf;f,ilapilna gpujpfs; toq;fg;gl;ld. Gj;jfk; thq; fpajk; tspnawfpw gof;fk; v yh tspaplfspyk; cz;l. Foe;ijfs; jpuf;fwis kddk; ra;j> e y Kiwap xg;gtpj;jhhfs;. kpf%j;j voj;jhsh ftpqh r.nt. gq;rhl;ruk; mthfs; NgRifap ld; khhf;> NehHNt> N[Hkdp Nghd;w ehl fsp,ug;gthfs; jkpo; NgRfpwhHfs;. Mq;fpyk; NgRk; ehlfsp,uf;fpd;w gps;isfsf;f jkpo; jupahj. jha;> je;ijah> gps;isfs; jkpop vojt jw;f Cf;fk; mspf;f Ntz;Lk;. e y vz;zq;fis gps;isfs; kj;jpap gug;gntz;lk; vd;w r.nt. gq;rhl;ruk; mthfs; Fwpg;gpl;lhH. voj;jhsh FU mutpe;jd; mthfs; mq;f NgRifap thrpg;gg; gof;fj;ij,isqhfsplk; Vw;gLj;j Ntz;Lk;. thrfiuf; ftuntz;lkd;wh khop mwpit Vw;gLj;jNtz;Lk;. mur je;j trjpfis gpunahrdg;glj;jhikapdh ehq;fs;,oe;jfhz;l tufpnwhk;. khop mope;jh,dk; mopak;. thrpg; gjd; %yk; gwfpd;w mdgtj;jpdh tho;f;ifap caukbak; vd;whh. rh it mzptpj;j> tho;j;j kl toq;fp khhf;fk; %j;njhh Nkk;ghl;Lf; fofk; mfzp RNu]; mthfisf; fsutpj;jj. tpohtpw;f tuif je;j midtuk; gq;nfw;fk; tpjkhf mfzp RNu]; tpohit ewpg;glj;jp,ue;jhh. rigap %j;njhh r%fk; $Ljyhf,lk;gw;wpUe;jikAk; Fwpg;gplf;$b aj. - Nrhf;fy;Nyh rz;kfehjd;- jupe;jpug;gj Ntiytha;g;ig mjpf upf;fk;. vq;fs; tpl;bypue;nj jkpiog; gbg;nghk;. NrhW NghLk; vd;gjw;fhf fw;fpd;w khop jkpop iy. jkpo; vkj milahsk;. mj vd;khop. Md;Nwh Uk;> rhd;nwhuk; Nghw;wpg;Gfo;e;j jkpio ehk; iftplyhkh? vd;w mth NgrpdhH. r tp gpupj;jp Rjhfud; NgRifap Gul;rpg;ghtyd; ghujpjhrd;> jkpof;f mkjd;w gah vd;w ghbdhh. jkpo;khop Ngh,dpjhtjq;Fk; fhnzhk;; vd;whh ghujp. jkpo;khop iag; Ngrp jiyepkphej epw;fr; ra; ag;nghfpd;nwd;. cjad; gj;jpupif MrpupaH jpu. NyhNfe;jpuypq;fk; NgRifap voj; jhsdf;f,uz;l Kfk;,Uf;ff;$ lhj. gilg;ghspfsf;f xu Nehf;F,Uf;fNtz;Lk;. Foe;ij voj;jhsh fs; cuthf Ntz;Lkhd;gJ cahe;j rpe;jid. kpfe;j eifr;rit czh NthL jpu. NyhNfe;jpuypq;fk; Ngrp Kbj;jhH. jpukjp.nfhij mkjd; rh Ytij tpl ra;j fhl;ltj rpwe;jj vd;w rhd;dhh. ghujp Ntlk; Nghltij tpl ghujpahf ele;j fhl;ltj Nk. gps;isfsf;f jiyikg; gz;ig cuthf;fntz;lk;. kdpjnuhl khl;il Xltplyhkh? MikNahL Kaiy Xltplyhkh? vd;wk; Nfl;lhH Nfhij mkjd;. ahopdp myf;rhe;jh> itj; jpa fyhepjp Ngh N[hrg; MfpNahUk; tpohtp NgrpdhHfs;. mfzp RNu]; Vw;Giu toq;fpdhh. rpwg;ghf mike;j xu eht tsp apl. khjik eluh[h mfzp RNu]pd; Gj;jf tspapl;b NgRifap > jkpo; samugaatha@thaiveedu.com fw;f fzpjk; frlw khzthfspd; tpl;lf;f tuifje;j jdpj;jdp tfg;gfs; vlf;fg;glk;.

52 jha;tpl brk;gu; December 2018

jha;tpl brk;gu; December 2018-51 - uhwd;nuh jkpo;r;rq;fj;jp fhof;fl;ilfs; tp ypir Mw;WifAk; Ma;Tk;: fhhj;jpif 24> 2018. kg;gk;> ke;jhukk;> kioj;j}wykhf,ue;j xu ehs;.

53 jha;tpl brk;gu; December uhwd;nuh jkpo;r;rq;fj;jp fhof;fl;ilfs; tp ypir Mw;WifAk; Ma;Tk;: fhhj;jpif 24> kg;gk;> ke;jhukk;> kioj;j}wykhf,ue;j xu ehs;. mj jhafj;jpd; fhhfhyj;ij xj;jpue;jj. uhwd;nuhtp khje;njhwk;,wjpr; rdpf;foikfsp gpw;gf 3 kzpapyp Ue;J,uT 7kzp tiu khjhe;j,yf; fpaf; fye;jiuahl fs; eilgwtj toik. me;jtifap md;iwa jpdk;,lk;gw;wj> jkpoupd; tp ypir kug Ma;Tk; - Mw;WifAk; vd;gjhfk;. gpujk Ngr;rhsuhf fyhepjp fsr ah Rg;gpukzpad; mthfsk;> rpwg;gg;ngr; rhshfshf <oj;jpd; tp ypir kug gw;wp jpu.ghd; mue;jtehjdk; mth fsk; fdba kz;zpd; tp ypir gw;wp jpu.fdp tpkyehjd; mthfsk; ciu ahw;wpdhhfs;. fdba kz;zpd; tp ypir gw;wp ciuahw;wpa jpu. fdp tpkyehjd; mthfs; fdlhtp tp ypapirap g; gq;fhw;wpnahiu gpd;tukhw epiug;g Lj;jpdhH. <o eapid cikkhwd; FOtpdH> tapukj;j jpt;tpauh[d; (ftpd; fyhyah)> ghd; mue;jtehjd; FOtpdH> Nrhf;f Nyh rz;kfk; FOtpdH> kjpgh];fud; FOtpdH> Nrhkh];fe;jrHkhtpd; rpwpnjtp tp ypirf; FOtpdH. Mjpcl %g;ga;jp %g;gkj %isf;fj;jhd; thhj;j jkpo; tytwptph! Kj tpuj;jk; Nrhf;f Nyh rz;kfk; mthfspd; Fuyp jdpj;j voe;jj. fdlhtp jhd; tp ypir epfo;r;rpia jhlq;ftk;> jhlutk; cw;rhfk; mspj;j tp ypid ra;tpj;j toq;fpa fiyqh Nf.v];. ghyr;re;jpud; mthfsf;f Kj tzf;fj;ij mth juptpj;jhh. r%feyd;> tuq;fhyr; re;jjpapd; eyd; fujpa fuj;jf;fns,lk;gwtjhf Tk; jdpg;gl;l vtiuak; Fwp;g;gpltp iy - tapukj;j jpt;auh[d; fj;jpyk; Gyk;gaHe;j gpd;dh fd ba kz;zpyk; vd;dh vojp epfo;j; jg; gw;w midj;j tp ypirfsk; r%ff;fijfshfnt,ue;jd vd;gij Ak;> voj;jhsh lhdpa mthfspd; Mw;w kpf fuj;jp vd;dk; xlf;f KiwfSf;F vjpuhd fij vkj FO th tp ypirahf,irf;fg;gl;lj> vd;gijak;,q;f Fwpg;gplyhk;.,e;j tifap Nrhf;f Nyh FotpdH - fyhepjp fsr ah Rg;gpukzpadpd; ciu> tp ypir gw;wpa g NtW,yf; fpar;rhd;wfisf; fhz;ljhftk;> tu yhw;w mbg;gilap me;jg; gioa fiytbtk; vj;jifa khw;wq;fsld; tshe;j te;jj vd;gij tspg;glj; JtjhfTk;,Ue;jJ. <oj;jpd; tp ypir kug gw;wp ciu ahw;wpa jpu. ghd; mue;jtehjd; mthfs; <oj;jp tp ypirg; gq;fhw; wpa fiyqhfis gpd;tukhw epiug; glj;jpdhh. jpug;g+q;fb MWKfk;> fyh tpnehjd; eh.fzgjpg;gps;is (rpd;dkzp-fiy thzh tp ypirf;fo)> FU[p Nrhk]; fe;jrhkh (rpwpnjtp tp ypirf;fo)> ehr;rpkhh Nfhtpyb,uh[d; FOtpdH>,Ughiy rjhrptk;> jhtb tbnt > jk;gpg;gps;is (fiykfs; thdk;ghbfs; tp ypirf;fo)> Nahfuh[h kh];uh (thdk;ghbfs; tp ypir)> QhdNrfud; (mstl;b)> yb]; tpukzp fhok;g kiyafk;> clg;g Nrhk];fe;jH> ghd; mue;jtehjd;> tp ypirapd; gpjhkfd; vd;w miof;ff;$ba fpof;fpyq;if kh];uh rptypq;fk;> Nrhf;f Nyh rz; Kfk; FO,d;Dk; rpyh,e;jg; gl;b ayp tplgl;bue;jhhfs;. ehl;lhh ghl,ir tiffs;> Fk;kp fufg; ghl tiffs;> rpe;j eilg; ghl fs;,tw;nwhl fhehlf,ir tiffsk; tpuj;jq;fsk; tp ypirap gad;glj;jg;gl;l tutijf; Fwpg;gpl;l ghd; mue;jtehjd; jngyh> Nlh fp> clf;f> flk;> flrq;rhup> jhsk;> ryq;if Nghd;w jhsthj;jpaf; futp fsld; `hhnkhdpak; vd;dk;,irf; futpf;f,ue;j Kf;fpaj;Jtk; gw;wpak; Fwpg;gpl;lhH. `hhnkhdpaj;jpd; MSik tp ypir Nghd;w epfo;r;rpap kpftk; rpwg;gspg;gjhfk;. me;j tifap jha fj;jpyk; gpd;dh fdba kz;zpyk; rpwe;j Mw;wiy tspg;glj;jpa mk uh KUifah kh];uiu epidtglj; jpa ghd; mue;jtehjd; `HNkhdp aj;jf;nf gah Nghd fiyqhfsh fpa,ztp rutzkj;j> `hhnkh dpak; NrhK> N[hd; fth]; Nghd;w fiyqhfisak; epidtglj;jpdhh.,e;j Neuj;jp tp.tp. itukj;j> gpypg;> Rjp kupahk;gps;is Nghd;NwhUk;,d; Dk; g NtW fiyqhfsk; `hhnkh dpak; thrpg;gjp ghz;bj;jpak; kpf; Nfhuhf jhafj;jp tpsq;fpdhhfs;. jhafj;jpd; Gfo;gw;w g NtW fiy QHfSlDk; $j;j> tp ypir,uz;b Yk; jhk; gq;nfw;wij ghd; mue;j tehjd; guikald; epidt $He;jhH.,e;jg;gl;ba KOikahdjhfj; jupa tp iy. khd;wpa fiyqhfsk; tplgl;ls;sdh. tp yirf; fiyqhf spd; Neuj;Jf;Fk;> ciog;gf;fk; epjpg; gq;fspg;gpid epfo;r;rp xoq;fikg;gh shfs; ra;ahikapdhnyna fdba kz;zp Nghjpa mstf;f tp ypir epfo;r;rpfis fhzkbahk cs;s jhftk;> fdp tpkyehjd; jkj ciu ap rh ypanjhl> Nrhf;f Nyh rz; Kfk; FOtpdH kpfe;j mhg;gzpg;nghl tp ypir epfo;r;rpfis xu jhlhr;rp ahf,q;f ra;j tutjhff; Fwpg; gpl;lhh. md;iwa epfo;r;rpapd; rpwg;gk;rkhff; fiyqh> voj;jhsh kypq;rp Kj;jdpd; gpujpahf;fj;jpyk;> ewpahs;ifapyk; Nrhf;f Nyh FOtpdupd; fhof;fl; ilfs; vd;dk; tp ypir Mw;Wif,lk;gw;wJ. Nkilap elehafkhf Nrhf;f Nyh rz;kfk; mthfs; tpw;wpuf;f mufpyk;> gpd;gwkk; fiyqhfs; Nte;jd;> whdh l;> fpshuh rhe;jp> yf;rp Fz rpq;fk;> fdp tpkyehjd; #o;e;jpuf;f gf;fthj;jpaf; fiyqhfshf `hh Nkhdpaj;jp rpd;dj;jk;gp MrpupaUk;> jngyh thj;jpaj;jp,uh[;fkhuk;> tpw;flj;jp ahopdp fk ghujp,ir toq;f fhof;fl;ilfs; tp ypir Muk;gpj;jJ. CH cwq;fk;> Cd; cwq;fk;> cs;sk; cwq;fhnj fhh ftpe;nj tho;t jpd;dk; fiyah ca;nthnk rpo;glnkh re;jkpopd; vdtk; Kd;dr;rupf;ifahfr; rh ypf; fhz;lgpd; je;jdj;njhk;,ir voe;jj. fiykfs; tzf;fk;,lk; gw;wj. fijfsh epiwe;j fplf;fpwj fhyk;> fijfisf; fhz;l fhyj;ij msf;f KbAk;> fijfisf; fhz;l tho;f; ifia msf;f KbAk;. vd;w fiyqh rh tj NghyNt,e;jf;fijAk; fd ba kz;zpd; jkpoh tho;tpd;,d; iwa fhyj;ij msg;gjhftk;> tho;f; ifia msg;gjhftk;,ue;jj. ghj thfnt tp Yg;ghl;b miuj;jkhit miug;gjngh Guhz -,jpfhrf; fijfns jpuk;gj;jpuk;g rh yg;gl;l te;jd. ts;sp jpukzk;> rj;jpathd; rhtpj;jpup> gf;j ee;jdhh>,uhkhazk;> mupr;re;jpuh> fz;zfp fij> fhj;jt uhad; fij Nghd;W gythf,e;jf; fijfs;,ue;j te;jd. MapDk;,tw;Wld; mt;tg;nghj rpy,lq;f sp rpy r%ff;fijfsk; rh yg;gl;l te;jd vd;gij kwg;gjw;fp iy. kfhftp cuj;jpu%hj;jpapd; fz;kzp ahs; fhij vd;w rhjp xlf;f Kiwf;F vjpuhd fij yb]; tpukzp FOtp duhyk;,irf;fg;gl;l NgH gw;wj. vkf;fj; jupahkny,it Nghd;W,d;Dk; gy,ue;jpuf;fyhk;. kd;dhiur; NrHe;j,uh[k; G];gtdk; (fhaj;jpup) mthfshyk;> Nrhf;f Nyh rz;kfk; FOtpduhYk;> ghd; mue;jtehjd; Nghd;w fiyqhfs; jhafj;jpd; Nghuhl;l fhyj;jp ehkhhf;fk; Fba Nyhk;> kz;zpd; ike;jhfs;> md;id G+gjp Nghd;w tpljiy rhhe;j tp ypirf isr; ra;j itj;jpuf;fpwhhfs;. jha NjHe;jLj;j kypq;rpkj;jd; mthf sh vojg;gw;w fhof;fl;ilfs; vdk; fijak; xu r%ff; fijna.,j md;whlk; vkj fdba tho;f;if ap fhzk; fij. jhafj;jp fhof; fl;il ra;j jur;rh yp kidtp ehfk;khtf;f mbnghl;l ghd;dh> fdlhtpw;f tufpwhh. Nf.Nf. ghd;]; vd;w gah khw;wpa mth> jd;id xu gupa kdpjuhf tspg;glj;j g NtW Nghypj;jdq;fSf;Fk; jd;id cl;glj;jfpwhh. kidtp ehfk;khtk; fdlh te;j NrUfpwhH. Cup kid tpf;f mbj;jj Nghy>,q;Fk; Mj;jp uj;jp mtiu mbj;j tplfpwhh. fd ba rl;ljpl;lk; tpl;litf;fkh? ghyp]; ifj ra;fpwj. tof;f (cousellig) MNyhridfs; vd;gtw;wpw;f Ml;gL fpd;whh. gpukfuhfp> murpa thjpahfp ghuhskd;wk; tiu r y Mirg; gl;ltupd; gpuaj;jdq;fs; KOikahfg; gadspf;ftp iy. tajnghf jdj Mirfs; epiwntwtp iyna vd;w mth ftiyg;glfpwhh. Mdh mt uj JiztpahH ehfk;kh KJik vd; gj,ayhik, iy vd;w mtiuj; Njw;wp ek;gpf;ifa+l;ltjhf fij Kb fpwj. fhof;fl;ilfs; tp yirap,lk; gwk; ghl fspd;,d;iwa fdbaj; jkpo;r;r%fj;jpd; tshr;rpfs;> guik fs;> rpwikfs;> Nghf;Ffs;> Nghypj; jdq;fs; gytk; tspg;glj;jg;glfpd; wd. g fiyf;fofj;jpny jkpof;f jhlu;jy; 54k; gf;fk;

- 52 - jha;tpl brk;gu; December 2018 jkpoupd; tp ypir kug - mwpkfk; Njhw;Wtha;: jkpoupd; ehl;lhupa kugpny tof;fp ypue;jte;j fiytbtq;fs; gy fhy ts;sj;jh mope;j Nghapd.

54 jha;tpl brk;gu; December 2018 jkpoupd; tp ypir kug - mwpkfk; Njhw;Wtha;: jkpoupd; ehl;lhupa kugpny tof;fp ypue;jte;j fiytbtq;fs; gy fhy ts;sj;jh mope;j Nghapd. mt;thw mopahk,d;wtiu gapd;w tuk; fiyfsp tp ypirakhd;whfk;. tho;tpaiyak; gz;ghl;ilak;,ir- NahL kl;lk yhj NgRk;khopapYk; kf;fs; kdjp gjpa itf;fk; jd;ik ah,j jkpohfspd; fyhrhu mil ahskhftk; jpfo;e;j tufpwj.,t;th whd rpwg;gpidf;fhz;l jkpohfspd;,k;kj;jkpo;f;fiy Nghjpa Mjutpd;wp,d;W mufp MtzkhFk; epiyf;fj; js;sg;gl;lf;fhz;l,ug;gj tue;jj; jf;fnjahfk;. mt;thw mjid mu fpg;nghftplhj,f;fhyj; NjitfSf;F Vw;wthW tshj;jlj;jg; gad;gw Ntz;baJ ekj fhyfl;lf; fiyqh fsila flikahfpwj. f fpathfs; vojpa kfhj;kh fhe;jpapd; Rarupijia ftpqh Rg;G MWKfk; mthfs; fiythzupd; Ntz;LNfh Sf;fpzq;f tp Yg;ghl;L tbtp tb tikj;jhh.,jid eifr;rit ebfh fiythzh vd;.v];.fpu\;zd; mth fs; jdj muq;nfw;wkhfg; gy gup- NahHfspd; Kd; ra;j jdf;fk; Rg;G MWKfk; mthfsf;fk; Gfo; <l;ba Jld;,f;fiyf;Fk; cahntw;glj;jp dhh. NkYk; Rg;G MWKfk; mthfs; jpahfuh[rtkpfs; tho;f;if tuyhw;iw jpuitahw jpahfuh[h Muhjidap (150tJ Muhjid) Kj Kiwahf tzp> rpe;j> $j;j> fphj;jid Mfpa ghl fspd; tbtq;fspyk; mike;js; sd.,t;tifahd fijg;ghl fspd; jiyg;gg;gahfs; gpd;tuk; %tif ap mike;jpuf;fk;. xd;w> fijj;j iytdj gaup (ck;: kjiu tpud; fij)>,uz;lhtj> fijapd; ikag; ghuis tpsf;ftjhf (ck;: Gye;jpud; J}J)>%d;whtJ fijghlypd; jd;ikia tpsf;ftjhf mike;jpuf;fk;.,tw; wp tp Yg;ghl fijg;ghlypd; jd; ikia tpsf;fk; %d;whtj tif rhhe;jjhfk;. xu fijap tuk; g NtW ghj;jpug; - fsry;ah Rg;gpukzpad; - jhd;ikjhnd> ciuahl GzHe;j gioik Nkw;Nw vd;w E}w;ghTf;Fg; NguhrpupaH> jhd;ik vd;gj ciutputpg; gioikahfpa fijg;ghush fr; ra;ag;gltj. vd tpsf;fk; $W tjld;> Gyd; vd;gjh fpuhkpa khop fye;j epiyiaak; tdg;g vdk; cwg;gp itj;j jh fhg;gpak; (g:128),yf;fz tpsf;fk; jutj tpupthf Nehf;Fjw;FupajhFk;.,itkl;Lk yhj jh fhg;gpak;> gz;zj;jp vd;,t;tp ypirapd; Mw;Wifr;raw;ghl; b g NtW Jiz,irf;fUtpfs; gapd;whyk; tp Ny gpujhd futp vd; gjh,f;fiy tp ypir > tp ypirg; ghl > tp ybr;rhd; ghl;l > tp ghl;l > tp Yg;ghl;L > tp ybg;ghl;l vdg; gy gahfs; fhz;l miof;fg;gl tijf; fhz;fpd;nwhk;. jkpofj;jp jd;gfjpahfpa Fkup kw;wk; e iy(fd;dpahfkup> jpuey; Ntyp)>,uhkehjGuk; khtl;lq;fspyk; 16-18k; E}w;whz;Lfsp r thf;fld; jpfo;e;j,f;fiy ehfhnfhtp > J}j;Jf; Fb> tpujef&lhf Nkw;Nf Nfusk; (kiyahsk;) tiu gutpapue;jj.,nj fhyfl;lj;jp,yq;ifapyk; jkpohfs; thok; gpunjrq;fsp,t;tp ypirf; fiy r thf;fld; jpfo;e;j te;js; sj. fle;j rpy tulq;fshf guk; ghd;ikak; <oj;jf;fiyqhfsh,f; fiy midj;jyf ehlfsf;fk; gu tpas;sj. Muk;g fhyq;fsp jkpofj;jpny rpw; W}H ja;tq;fsf;f topghl epfok; fhiltpoh f; fhyq;fsp kl;lnk tp ypir epfo;tfs; eilgw;wte;js; sd vd mwpfpnwhk;.,t;thwhd epfo; TfSf;F,uz;L Kf;fpa Nehf;fq;fs;,Ue;jd vd;gij mwpakbfpwj. xd;w ja;ttopghl rhhe;jjhfk;.,d;dhd;w Myar;R+o fsp gue;jhifap $Lk; kf;fis fhiltpoh jhlq;fk; es;sput Neuk; tiu kfpo;tpg;gjhfk;.,t;thw;wiff; fiyahdj gpw;fhyj; jp fij$wk; Kiwikfsp tshr; rpak; khw;wkk; gw;wjld; g NtW fiy tpohf;fsp epfo;j;jg;gl;l r%f Vw;w Kk;(me;j];J) gw;wj.,j mf; fiy r%fepiyap gw;w Kf;fpaj;Jtj; jpid vkf;ff; fhl;lfpd;wj vdyhk;.,jw;f fhuzfhj;jhthf,ue;jthfs; jkpo;ehl;b fiythzh vd;.v];. fpu\;zd; kw;wk; ftpqh Rg;G MW Kfk; mthfsk;,yq;ifap jpug; G+q;Fb MWKfk; kw;wk; tp ypir Nte; jh rpd;dkzp mthfsk; MthHfs;. jpu Rg;G MWKfk;> jpu. rpd;dkzp Mfpa,UtUNk tp ypirf;fiy Mw; Wiff;Fupa muq;nfw;wk; epfo;j;jp mjw; Fupa r%f mq;fpfhuj;ij Kiwg;gb gw;wthfs; MthHfs;. mj;jld; jkj khzthfisak; Kiwg;gb muq;nfw; wpathfs;. epfo;j;jpdhhfs;. NkYk;> Rg;G MWK fk; mthfsf;f 1975 jkpo;ehl,a ypirehlfkd;wk; fiykhkzp tpuj k;> 2005 kj;jpa mur rq;fpj ehlf mf lkp tpuj k;> 2004 uh[hrh mz;zhkiyr;rl;bahh epidt mwf;fl;lis tpuj vdg; gy tpujfis gw;wp Ue;jhH. fijg;ghlyk; tp ypirak;:,t;tp ypir vd;w Mw;Wif,yf;fpa tifik epiyap fijg;ghl Kiwik vd tifg;glj;jth. ghl Kiwap fij rh ypr;r tnj,k; KiwikahFk;. ghlyf;fpilap ciug; ghq;fp fijtpsf;fq;fsk; Njitf; Nfw;g,lk;gWk;. jkpopny,f; fijg;ghl Kiwikf;F xu epz;l tuyhw csj. kf;fspilna rtptopahfg; gapd;w tuk; fiyfsp fijg;ghl Kiwik Kf;fpa khdjhd;whfk;. xu ehl;b toq;fp tuk; fijg;ghl;lfs; me;j ehl;bd; rl;lq;fis tpl Kf;fpakhdit. vd;gh Nkw;fj;jpa mwpqh mz;l;&]; gpsr; rh. (md;dfhk: V.v.f:g.202) jkpo;ehl;b juf;$j;j> gha;f;fh f; Fjpiuahl;lk;> ghk;kyhl;lk;> ehl; baehlfk;> miuahnrit> Guhzgl dk;> ehkrq;fphj;jdk;> fjhfhy\;nrgk;> `upfij Kjypa gahfsp gapd;w fijg;ghl fspd; tupirap tp Yg; ghl;lk; xd;whfj;jpfo;e;j tufpwj.,f;fijg;ghl fs; tp Yg;ghl;L tb tp kl;lk yhj (gf;jp)g+rhupg;ghl fs;> fz;zp> mk;khid> Fk;kp>,yh gilg;gfspd;,a Gfis kpfr;rpwe;j KfghtidfSld; Fwpg;gpl;l FOtpdH ebj;jf;fhl;bf; fij$wpr;r Yk; KiwikahdJ ehlf muq;fpa Nehf; fpny fijf;$w;wuq;f (Narrative Theatre) vd miof;fg;glk;. mt;tifapy; tp Yg;ghl;Lk; xu fijf;$w;wuq;f Mw;WifahfNt fhs;sg;gl Ntz; baj. ghhitahshfis <Hf;Fk; rf;jp fhz;l,f;fiy gf;jpazhita+l;l tjw;f kl;lk yhj ehl;bd; Rje;jpu czhit Cl;Ltjw;Fk;> ehl;lg;gw;iw A+l;Ltjw;Fk; gad;gl;l te;jj. fijg;ghlypd; jhd;ikak; jhlhr;rpak;:,t;thwhd tp ypir kug Njhd;Wt jw;f mbg;gilahaike;j fijg;ghl vd;w,yf;fpa tifik gw;wp NkNy Nehf;fpapUe;Njhk;.,jw;fike;j jhd; ikahd rhd;whfj; jpfo;tj jkpopd; Kj fhg;gpakk; Kj;jkpo;f;fhg;gpaK khd rpyg;gjpfhukhfk;. mt;thf;fnk jd;id ciuapilapl;l ghl;lilr;ra; As; vdf;fwpg;gpl;lf;fhs;fpwj. Nkw; $wpa jhd;ikahd ciuapilapl;l ghl;lilr;ra;as; kw;wk; fijg; ghl Kiwikfs; gw;wp jkpop jhd;ik ahd,yf;fze}yhd jh fhg;gpak; kw;wk; mjw;fike;j ciufs; vd;gd gpd;tukhw tpsf;fk; je;js;sd. jhd;ik vd;w tdg;g tiff;f jh fhg;gpak; fhlj;j tpsf;fk; tukhw> (jh fhg;gpah tdg;g vd;gjp 8,yf;fpa tiffisr;rl;lfpwhh. mjp jhd;ikak; xd;w.): gjw;f $Wk; E}w;ghTk;,k;kugpid tpsf;ftjhaikfpwj. ghl;bilf;fye;j ghusthfpg; ghl; bdpny gz;zj;jpapa Ng vd;w E}w; ghtpw;fg; NguhrpupaH> gok; ghl;bd}l fye;j ghuns jdf;fg; ghushfg; ghl;lk; ciuak; Nghyr; ra;ag;gltd gz;zj;jp vd ciu tpsf;fk; jufp whh. jz;bayq;fhu MrpupaUk;> mit jhk;> xujpwg;ghl;bdk; gy jpwg;ghl;bdk; ciuak; ghilak; tputpak; tunk vd,yf;fz tpsf;fk; jufpwhh. Nkw;$wpa,t;tpuz;L,yf;fz tpsf; fq;fisak; (jhd;ik vd;w tdg;g tif kw;wj gz;zj;jp) Nehf;Fifap tp ypir Mw;Wifap Gyg;gLk; ghl; Lk;,irAk; fye;jjhd ciuapil apl;lghlilr;ra;as; tbt mikg;g fhyg; gioik fhz;ljhd;wdf; fujkbtjld; mjw;fj; jh fhg; gpauh,yf;fzk; tff;fg;gl;ls;sik,t;tbtj;jpd; r%f Kf;fpaj;Jtj;ij Ak; fhl;lfpwj vdyhk;. mf;fhyj;jp ciuapilapl;l vlj;j iug;g KiwikahdJ g NtWtif ahd r%fr; raw;ghlfsp tspg; gl;ls;sijf; fhz;fpnwhk;. cjhuzj; jpw;f: Guhz-,jpfhr fw;gidf; fij fisf; $Wtjw;F gz;fs; Nkw;$wpa Kiwikiag; gad;glj;jpas;shhfs;. ghjthf tplfspyk; ghj,lq;f spyk; xuth fij $w Rw;wpapUe;J kw;wthfs; Nfl;gjhf mikak;.,tw; jhlu;jy; 53k; gf;fk;

jha;tpl brk;gu; December 2018 jkpoupd; tp... 52k; gf;fj; jhlhr;rp... wp mk;khid> khiy> krf;if> Fk;kp> Fwk; Nghd;wtifg; ghl fs; mike; jpue;jd. Mdh tp ypir,t;thw yhj jdpj;jtkhf mike;jpue;jj.

55 jha;tpl brk;gu; December 2018 jkpoupd; tp... 52k; gf;fj; jhlhr;rp... wp mk;khid> khiy> krf;if> Fk;kp> Fwk; Nghd;wtifg; ghl fs; mike; jpue;jd. Mdh tp ypir,t;thw yhj jdpj;jtkhf mike;jpue;jj.,jd; Mw;Wifr; raw;ghlfs; fpuh kpaj; ja;tq;fspd; topghl;lr; raw; ghlfnshl jhlhgfhz;litahf mike;jpue;jd. gpw;fhyj;jp xu rg; gkhd tiu Kiwik tp ypir Mw; Wifr; raw;ghl;b gpd;gw;wg;gl;l ikia,jd; tuyhw;wp fhz;fpnwhk;. mjidg; gpd;dh Nehf;FNthk;. jkpoh,ir: V.vd;. gukhs;> jkpopyf;fpaf; fhs;if -lhf;lh r.nt.rg;gpukzpad;: gf;: tp ypir gw;wpa,yf;fpa Mjhuq;fs;: tp ypir gw;wp vkf;ff; fpilf;fk; fhyj;jh Kw;gl;l,yf;fpa Mjhuq; fs; 16k; 17k; E}w;whz;Lfsp voe;j J}J kw;wk; gs;s Mfpa rpw;wpyf;fp aq;fspyhfk;.,tw;wp tp Yg;ghl;L gw;wpa Neubahd Fwpg;Gfs; fhzg;g Lfpd;wd. r thf;f mjpfupj;jpue;jikak;,f; fiy tsu cjtpw;wdyhk;. ghtikg;gk; Mw;Wif KiwikAk;: 17k; E}w;whz;bd; gpd;dh,f;fiyap Vw;gl;l khw;wq;fs; XusT mwpaf;$b ajhfts;sj. ghtikg;gpid Nehf;F ifap Muk;gj;jp ehl;lg;ghl tb tikg;gp,urpubfs;,uz;buz;lhf,ize;j rpe;jg;ghlypd; mikg;gp fhzg;gl;lij mwpfpnwhk;. mtw;nwhl,ilapilna fijg;gfjpak; fhzg; glk;. fijg;gfjp rpytw;wp voj;j Utp fhzg;glhj ghlgtuh Mw; Wifapd; NghNj R+o;epiyf;Nfw;gf; fhlf;fg;gltjkz;l. czhtg+ht khd,lq;fsp re;jg;ghl fs; kpf jpahfg;gad;gltj tpwtpwg;ig mjp fupf;fthfk;.,tw;iw JLf;F ghl vd;gh. gpw;fhyj;jp,tw;wld; Fk;kp> tpuj;jtif> fphj;jid Nghd;w cug; gb tiffsk; NtW khepy (kiy tk; vd epz;l r Yk;. fhyq;rd;w fiythzh fhyj;jpw;fg;gpd; mth top gpd;gw;wp je;jdj;njhk; vd;w rh ypna...vd fzgjp tzf;fk ld; jhlq;ftijf; fhzyhk;.,jp Yk; fzgjpf;fg;gjp NtW ja; tq;fsk; tuk;.(fiykfs;>jkpo; kfs;) tughus; ciuj;j > - fijia Kd;djhfNt ciuj;jyhfk;. fhg; gpidj; jhlhe;njh md;wp jdpah fnth gy ghl;lfsp tpuj;jkhf,g; gfjp ghlg;glk;. FUtb ghlj - ghlk; rh ypf; fhlj;jth> xuth m yj gyh gahfs; tuk;. mt;t+h GytHfSk; tuth. jputbgzpe;j jhlq;fg;g Lk;. mitalf;fk;> - Kd;dpUe;J Nfl;Fk; mitnahh guik $wp jk; rpw ik$wp mlf;fj;jld; Muk;gpg;gJ thfk;. rpyrkak; ciueilahftk; tuk;. ehl;l tsk; m yj fapiyf; fhl;rp - ja;tq;fs; fijap fapiyf; fhl;rpak; gpwfijfsp ehl;ltskk; $wg;gltj tof;fk;. rptdhupd; jpik mopak;) ,jpfhrf;fijfs;: rpjhf ahzk;> uhkh mrtnkjk;> tpuhl gutk; (fprfd;rz;il)> fhzkfhu[d; fij> cj;jufkhud; rz;il vd;gd tp Yg;ghl;b fijfshf kf;fs; tpuk; Gtd). 3 mr;r%l;le;ja;tf;fijfs;:rliy khld; (kahd ja;tk;-gyp gw )>,rf;fpak;kd;(nga;tbtk;)-,aw;if fle;j epfo;r;rpfsh kf;fs; <Lghl; Lld; fij Nfl;l gyp thq;fplk; ja;tk;). 4 tuyhw;w tpuh gw;wpa fijfs;: ItH uhrhf;fs;>,utpf;fl;bg;gps;is NghH> fhd;rhfpg rz;il> fl;lghk;kd; fij> (tuyhw;w tpuhfs; fijfs; (ehl;lnghup khz;lthfs;). 5 rkjhag;ghq;fhd fijfs;: Kj;Jg; gl;ld; fij> jbtpud;fij> rpd;dj; jk;gpfij> khupak;kd; fij> Njhl; Lf;fhupak;kd; fij> ghd;dpwj; jk;kd; fij-(rhjp> fhj > %lek; gpf;if> Nguhir> rkjha fpo;epiy kf;fs; Kd;Ndw;wKk; mjdh Vw; glk; vjphg;gk;. 4-5,it,uz;Lk; rkjha epjpf;fhf NghHGupe;J caph epj;njhiu ja;t epiyap itj;jg;nghw;wtj. 16k; E}w;whz;bd;,ilg;gFjpiar; NrHe;jjhfpa ja;tr;rpiyahh tpwyp tpl J}J vd;w J}J,yf;fpak; e iy khtl;lj;ijr; NrHe;j rq;fu eapdhh Nfhtp vdk; Cup cs;s Rliy khld; Nfhtp fhil tpoh itg; gw;wpf; $WfpwJ. mf;fijap tuk; jiytd; tpwypaplk; ja;tj;jpw; Fj; jdpf;fhil fhlf;fk; gbahd epiy jdf;f NeHe;jij tpgupf;fpwhd;. mt;tpgupg;gp > tp Yg;ghl;L> Nksk;> fzpahd; ghl;l Mfpa epfo;r;rpfsld; mf;fhil tpohit elj;jj; jdf;f 70ghd; rythapw;w vdf;$wp tue; Jfpwhd;. 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57 jha;tpl brk;gu; December

58 jha;tpl brk;gu; December 2018

jha;tpl brk;gu; December 2018-57 - tl;lf;nfhl;ilapypue;j K iyj;jpt tiu f l;liuj;jhlhfshf tspte;j NjhoH rp.nf. re;jpnt mth fsj Mf;fq;fs;> tl;lf;- Nfhl;ilapypUe;J K iyj;jpt tiu vd;w E} tbt gw;ws;sj.

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MrpupauJ,e;jf; fuj;ij Vw;Wf; fhs;sj; jiyg;gl;lhyk; jug;glj;j > ghj E}yf vupg;g> jhlh td;k iwfs;> Gjpa murpayikg;g> 1983,d td;kiw> mjw;f Kd;duhd,df; fytuq;fs; FbNaw;wq;fs; vd midj; Jk; jkpopof;nfhupf;ifia ephg;ge;jpj; jj vd;nw czuyhk;. jhlhe;j,e;jpa,uhztk; <oj;jp Nfhu jhz;ltk; Mba ehl;fsp Fwpg; ghf me;jj; jpghtsp ehsd;w aho; kuj;jtkidap,e;jpa,uhztk; elj;jpa glfhiyfsf;ff;fhuzk; Gypfs; kuj;jtkidapypue;j jhf; Fj Nkw;fhz;lNj vd;w Fw;wk; rhl;lfpwhh MrpupaH. md;iwa R+o yp Gypfs; twk; fup yhj; jhf; Fj fisna Nkw;fhz;ldNu jtpu kuj;jtkid tl;lhuj;jpypue;j Gyp fs; ve;jj; jhf;fjiyak; Nkw;fhs;s tp iy. mfg;glk; R+oyp vjphj;jhf; Fj > XLj vd;gjhfnt Gypfspd; mg;nghija jhf;fj fs;,ue;jd. Mf kuj;jtkid tshfj;jpypue;j Gypfs;,e;jpa,uhZtj;jpdiuf; Fwp itj;jj;jhf;fpdh vd;gj yhk; kpifg; glj;j jft fns.,f;fw;wr;rhl;bid,e;jpa uhztj;jpd; fh^uf; fhiy fis epahag;glj;jk; rayhfnt ghhf;f KbfpwJ. mlj;j> rpq;fsg; ghjkf;fs; kpjk; K];ypk;fs; kpjk; Vtg;gl;l td;kiw Fwpj;J epahakhd tpkhrdk; itf;fk; MrpupaH Kw;wpYkha; mopf;fg;gl;l jkpo;f; fpuhkq;fs;> rpq;fs,uhztj; jhyk; K];yPk; fhilapduhyk; fhd;w Ftpf;fg;gl;l jkpohfs;> twikahf; fg;gl;l jkpo;f;fpuhkq;fs;> rpq;fsf;fb Naw;wq;fs; vd;gd Fwpj;J mkf;fkhd Nghf;ifNa ifahz;ls;shh vd;gjh fnt czhe;njd;. 2005k; Mz;L fhyfl;lj;jp Rdhkp epjpg;gq;fpl Fwpj;J gsj;j Ngupd thjpfs; NghHf;fhb J}f;fpaijAk;> N[tpgpAk; [hjpf `y cukatk; cr;repjpkd;wj;jp tof;fj;jhlj;j mijr; raw;glhk Mf;fpaJ Fwpj; Jk;> gpd;dh Ngr;RthHj;ijf; fhyj;jp tpljiyg;gypfsh gupe;jiuf;fg;gl;l,ilf;fhy ephthf rig tiugpid apl;l gsj;j NgupdthjpfSk;> rpq;fs,dthjf; fl;rpfsk; ra;j murpa td;kiw Fwpj;Jk; gjpt ra;js;shh MrpupaH. mf;fhyg;gfjpap xnu khfhz myfhf,ue;j tlf;f - fpof;if cahepjpkd;w tof;fpd; %yk; N[tpgp gpupj;j Ngupdthjg;gzp Fwpj;Jk; mjw;f jhlu;jy; 58k; gf;fk;

- 58 - jha;tpl brk;gu; December 2018 tl;lf;nfhl;il... 57k; gf;fj; jhlhr;rp... murpa fl;rpfs; kl;lk y epjpj;j iwak; topfhl;l fisak; Kd;dhNyh ridfisak; toq;fpa tuyhw;iwak; Fwpg;gpLfpwhH MrpupaH.

60 jha;tpl brk;gu; December 2018 tl;lf;nfhl;il... 57k; gf;fj; jhlhr;rp... murpa fl;rpfs; kl;lk y epjpj;j iwak; topfhl;l fisak; Kd;dhNyh ridfisak; toq;fpa tuyhw;iwak; Fwpg;gpLfpwhH MrpupaH. Gypfs; gpuptp idf;fhfg; NghuhbdH vd;gj cz;ik. Mdh mt;thw mthfisg; Nghuhl itj;jj,d xlf;fkiw vd;gjid Ak;,jd;NghJ xj;jf;fhs;fpwhh MrpupaH. NtWgLk; Gs;sp vd;dtd;w ghhj;jh gsj;j Nkl;Lf;Fb cah thf;f rf;jpfspd; murpaiyak; xlf;f KiwiaAk; jkpo;j;njrpa Nkl;Lf;Fb thf;f rf;jpfs; vjphfhs;tjw;f cz; lhdnj jkpo;j;njrpathjk;.,j FWe; Njrpathjk; vd;gnj Mrpupaupd; fuj; jhf cs;sj. Ngupdthjj;jpd; Kfk; gsj;j gplq;f sp tpfhug;gl;l epw;fk; cz;ikia Ak; mjdhnyna,dg;gpur;rpid ve; jj;jphitak; vl;lhk Nkd;NkYk; Ku Zf;Fs;shfpwJ vd;w ajhhj;jj;ijak; ciuf;fk; MrpupaH thf;f NtWghL fisf; fise;j,u,d kf;fsk;,izak;nghj,e;jg; gsj;j Ngup dthj - kjgplq;fs; jhf;fj;ij Vw;g Lj;jhJ vd;w ek;gfpwhuh? mjd; mbg; gil vd;d? 50 Mz;Lfhy tuyhw;wpd; mbg;gilap ghhj;jh me;j ek;gpf; ifna Kuzhfg;gLk; R+oNy vkf;f ajhhj;jj;jp jupfpwj. E} KOJk; tpljiyg;gypfis tpkh rpf;fk; MrpupaH> tuyhw vd;w tuk; NghJ jdf;nfw;w murpaypd;gb tpl gl fis ra;tj epahakw;wj. xj; Jf;fhz;lhYk; xj;jf;fhs;shtpl;lh Yk;> tpljiyg;gypfspd; fl;lg;ghl;b jkpo; kf;fs;,ue;jntis murpa > gz;fs;> rhjpak;> r%fk; rhhe;j rph jpuj;j NtiyfisAk; Gypfs; ra; jpue;jdhjhd;. rhjpa twp$l fl;lf; Fs;,Ue;jJ. mjd; fhuzk; MAjk;> gak; vd;w vd;d fhuzpfisr; rhd; dhyk;> rhjpa xlf;fkiw mw;w epy khf mj,ue;jj vd;gij md;w mq;f tho;e;j jho;j;jg;gl;l kf;fspd; tha;topna,d;wk; Nfl;ff;$ba xd; whfnt cs;sj. gz;fs; ve;jg; ga Kkw;W es;sputfsp $l jdpna cyt Kbe;jJ. gz;fs; jkj cupikfsf; fhfg; Nghuhlf;$ba R+o,Ue;jJ. thf;fntwghlw;w epjp ephthfk;,ue; jj. xu tl;lj;js;,uf;fk;nghj kw;w tl;lj;js; elg;gj jupahj vd;gj cz;ikjhd;. Mdh jupe;jk; kwj; j vd;gj tuyhw;wpd; tplglyf;fs; mlq;fk;. mij xu,ljrhup khf;rpa ydpdpag; Nghuhsp ra;tj Kuzh fnt cs;sj. rhjpa xlf;f Kiwf; fjpuhfj; jkpofj;jpyk; Vwf;Fiwa 50 Mz;Lfshfj; jpuhtplh fofq;fs;> jpuhtplf;fl;rpfs;> jkpo;j;njrpa mikg; Gfs; NghuhLfpd;wd.,Ue;Jk; rl;l upjpahf cupikfsf;fhfg; NghuhLk; tsp Njhd;wpaNj jtpu Kw;whf rhjpia mopf;f Kbatp iy. mg;gbahd xd; iwna GypfshYk; rhjpf;f Kbe;jJ. rhjp kwg;gj; jpukzq;fs;> rhjpa twpf;f jz;lid> rhjpa vjphg;gr;rl; lk;...,g;gbahd gyijg; GypfSk; rhjpj;jhhfs;jhd;.,it MAjKid ap ele;jit vd;gj,e;e}yhrpupah Nghd;wtHfsJ fuj;jhf,uf;fyhk;. Mdh MAjKidap ele;jhyk; thf;f NtWghLfs; fise;j xlf;fg; gl;l r%fq;fsj eyd; rhhe;j elt bf;ifahfnt mjid ehd; fujfnwd;. jdj murpa rhhe;j tpkhrdk; itg; gj vd;gj NtW. jdj murpa rhh gpidg; gpujhdg;glj;jtjw;fha; tpl gl fisr; ra;j vd;gj NtW. mt; tifap,jfwpj;j Mrpupaupd; ghh itap Nfhz cs;sj vd;w $W tjp vdf;fhd;wk; jaf;fk;, iy. jkpoh vd;wh Gypfs; vd;w ghhit AlNdNa rpwpyq;fh,uhztk; jkpo; kf;fis Nehf;fpaJ vd;w $Wk; Mrp upah mjw;f Gypfs; jw;fp ghj kf;fisg; ghjpf;fk;,yf;ffs; kpj jhf;fj elj;jpanj fhuzk; vdf; Fw;wk; rhl;lfpwhh. jkpoh vd;wh Gyp fs;> Gypfs; vd;wh gaq;futhjpfs;> Mifapdh jkpohfs; vd;wh gaq; futhjpfs; vd;w ghhitiana rpq;fs kf;fspilna fle;j Kg;gjhz;L fhy khf tshj;jlj;j mjidna jkj,dthj murpayf;fj; J}gkpLk; fhu zpahfg; gad;glj;jpa rpq;fsg; Ngup dthj murfspd; jhf;fnk mjd;,uh Ztj;jpd; ghhitap,ue;jj vd;w cz;ikia Vw;f kwg;gjd; murpa vd;d? mkupf;fhtk; Nkw;FyFk;,e;jpahTk; Kuz;gLk; jkj rhe;j eyd;fl;fk; mg;gh Gypfs;,af;fj;ij muq;fp,ue;j mfw;wj vd;w,yf;fp xj;j epiyg;ghl;ilf; fhz;bue;jd>,j dh jhd; NghH jptpukhfkd;ng tpl jiyg; Gypfs;,af;fj;ijj; jj;jkj ehlfsp jilra;jdh vdf; Fwpg;gp LfpwhH MrpupaH.,J,e;jpahtpd; NghH vd Nfhj;jgha,uhrgf;r $wpaij Ak; epidt$hfpwhh mkupf;fh>,e; jpah> rpdh> ghfp];jhd;> gpupj;jhdpa cl;gl Vwj;jho v yh t yurfsk; =yq;fh murhq;fj;ij Mjupj;jd vd;w cz;ikia Vw;fpwhH. Mf,Wjpg; Nghup GypfSf;F vjpuhd,e;ehlfspd; $l;bizt Vfhjpgj;jpa vjphg;g kw;wk;,e;jpa vjphg;g vd;gd Gypfsplk;,Uf;ftp iy vd;w mtuh rh yg;glk; epiyapyk; epfo;e;js;sj.,jpypue;j Gupe;J fhs;sf;$baj vd;dtd;wh Gypfspd;,Ug;G VNjh xu tifap Vfhjpgj;jpaq;fSf;F rthyhfnt,ue;j te;js;sj.,jw; Ff; fhuzkhf twk; jw;fhiyj; jhf;fj fisak; rg;11 gpd;dzpia Ak; kl;lk; rh yptplkbahj. jhuh ska fhs;iff;fhd vjphg;g> Vfhjp gj;jpaq;fis vjpupahf vjphfhs;sk; jd;ik> Kjyhspj;Jtj; Njh tpf;fhd R+o vd;gdtw;iw eilkiwap Gyp xu,dk; jdj murpa > ghuspa > gz;ghl;il jphkhdpj;j vd;gj mjd; [dehaf cupik. me;j jd;jpht cupik xlf;fk; Njrpa,dj;jpdh kwf;fg;glk;nghj> xlf;fg;glk;,dk; ra;ak; jw;fhg;g vd;gj Njrpa,dg; Nghuhl;lk; vd;w tbtk; gwfpwj. MdhYk;> Njrpag;Nghuhl;l rf;jpfs; Kd;itf;Fk; Nfhupf;iffs; midj;j thf;fq;fsf;fk; ghjthd jhlf;f epiyahf,uf;fntz;lk; vd;gjp Kuz;, iy. fsk; cuthf;fpj;jhd; itj;jpue;jhh fs;. mjw;fhd mthfsj Njit Ntwhf,Ue;jpUf;fyhk;. Mdh me;j R+o mthfs; fl;lg;ghl;b,ue;j gfjpfsp cuthfpapue;jj vd;wk; mj,t;t yurfspd; gpd;dh,uf; Fk; fhhg;gnul; rf;jpfsf;f twg;g zhit cuthf;fpaj vd;wk; fhs; syhk;. 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Mdh mjid Nehf;fpa efhjiyf; fhz;bue;jj vd;w $wyhk;. xu,dk; jdj murpa > ghuspa > gz;ghl;il jphkhdpj;j vd;gj mjd; [dehaf cupik. me;j jd;jpht cupik xlf;fk; Njrpa,dj;jpdh kwf;fg;glk;nghj> xlf;fg;glk;,dk; ra;ak; jw;fhg;g vd;gj Njrpa,dg; Nghuhl;lk; vd;w tbtk; gwfpwj. 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MdhYk;> cupik fsf;fhd Nghuhl;lj;jpd; NjitAk; epahakk; mg;gbnajhd;,uf;fpwj. mjw;fhd NjitiaAk; epahaq;fis Ak; jhlhr;rpahfg; gjtpf;f tuk; gsj;j Ngupdthj murfspd; elt bf;iffs; jkpo; kf;fs; kpj jpzpj;j gbnajhd; cs;sd. Mifah rhjp Mjpf;f vjphg;g> gd;dhl;l Mjpf;f vjphg;g> kjtwp vjphg;g> thf;f Nkk; ghl fisj Mfpatw;iw Kd;itj;J cupikfsf;fhd vkj Nghuhl;lk; jhlhe;jk; Kd;dLf;fg;gLk; epiy rhj;jpak; vd;nw ehd;,d;dk; ek;gfp- Nwd;.

61 jha;tpl brk;gu; December

62 jha;tpl brk;gu; December 2018

63 jha;tpl brk;gu; December

64 jha;tpl brk;gu; December 2018 î ñ Parkig / 30 Bramwi Court, Brampto, ON L6T 5G

jha;tpl brk;gu; December 2018,d;dhU GjpaNfhzk;: - 63 - jzpahdpd; rpwfijj; jhfg;g Fwpj;j ghhit j - muz;khoptu;kd; - zpahd; <oj;jpd; Kf; fpakhd gilg;ghspfsp xutuhthh.,tuj,aw;gah fe;ijah enlr vd;gjhfk;.

65 jha;tpl brk;gu; December 2018,d;dhU GjpaNfhzk;: jzpahdpd; rpwfijj; jhfg;g Fwpj;j ghhit j - muz;khoptu;kd; - zpahd; <oj;jpd; Kf; fpakhd gilg;ghspfsp xutuhthh.,tuj,aw;gah fe;ijah enlr vd;gjhfk;. <oj;jp t tl;bj; Jiwap,Uf;fpd;w ghypfz;b vd;w fpuhkj;jp jzp vd;w,lj;jp gpwe;jth. mtuj tpl; bd; gauk; jzpafk; vd;gjhfk;.,d;w <oj;jp fpuhkq;fsf;fg; gah fs;,ug;gjnghy Kd;dH xt;thu fhzpfsf;fk; tplfsf;fk; gahfs;,ue;jd vd;gij mwpe;jpug;gphfs;. me;jg; gaupidna jdj GidgauhfTk; jzpahd; tupj;jfhz; lhh. jzpahd; Kw;Nghf;F,af;fj; Jld; NrHj;J milahsk; fhzg;gl gth. r%f khw;wj;jf;fhd xu futp ahftk; J}z;bahfTk;,yf;fpaj;jp idg; gad;glj;jntz;lk; vd;w Gupj Yld; mth,yf;fpaj;jpidak; jd; voj;jr;raw;ghlfisak; Nkw;fhs; gth.,e;jf;fl;liuap ciuahl,uf;fpd;w,d;dhu Gjpa Nfhzk; vd;w rpwfijj; jhfg;gpd; Kd;Diuap jzpahd;... vdj,sikf;fhyk; Kj r%f tptfhuq;fsp kpfe;j mf;fiwas;s xutdhf ehd;,ue;jtufpd;nwd;. r%f mepjpf;f vjpuhd Nghuhl;lq;f sp ehd; <Lg;ghl;Lld; gq;ffhz; buf;fpd;nwd;. ve;j tifapyk; Vw; wj;jho;tw;w xu rkjhak; cuthf Ntz;Lk; vd;gnj vd;wk; vdf;fupa,yf;f. me;j,yf;fpidr; rd;w iltjw;fhd cwjizahd,yf;fp aq;fisg; gilg;gj vdj voj;jpd; gpujhd Nehf;fk;. jhz;b vojp tufpd;w jzpahd; Nghd;wtHfspd; voj;jfisg; gw;wp Ma;Tra;Ak;NghJ xg;gnehf;fp mz FtJk;> r%f tuyhw;wg; gpd;dzpiaf; fuj;jpw;fhz;l Ma;T ra;tjk; mt rpak;. mthfs; rhhe;jepd;w fuj;j epiy> mthfis topelj;jpa fuj;j epiy vd;gtw;iwak; mthfsj fiy,yf;fpak; gw;wpa fhs;iffs;> rhh iffs; vd;gtw;iwak; mwpe;jfhs;t jd; %ykhf mthfs; Fwpj;j KO ikahd xu rpj;jpuj;jpid ehk; gw; ra;jpuf;fpd;whhfs;. Mdh jdj tha;khop tuyhw;wg; gjptp jdj gah enlr> enlrd; m y vd;wk; gaup d; vd;gij,izj;j kup ahijf;fiwthf miof;fpd;w toik md;iwa ehl;fsp,ue;jnghj> mjw;fhf vjphtpidahfj; jdf;f enlr vd;wk; jd; %j;j>,isa rnfhjuhf Sf;F KiwNa rptghf;fpak;> etuj;jp dk; vd;wk; gaupl;lhh vd;wk; mwjp ahfj; jzpahd; Fwpg;gpLfpd;whH. md;iwa jiykiwiar; NrHe;j NghuhLfpd;w xt;thutuf;fk; Cf; Frf;jpahFk;.,e;jj; jhfg;gp,uf;ff;$ba g NtW fijfs; vojg;gl;l fhyq;fsp r%f tpljiyia ewpg;glj;jpa fuj; jpa fsk; eilkiwfsk;,d;w g NtW jsq;fsp khw;wkile;jk;> tpuptile;jk; rd;wpuf;fpd;wd. Gup j fs; khwgl;buf;fpd;wd. MapDk;> mbg;gilfs; khwtp iy. me;j Mjhu Kbr;Rfisj; jd;fijfsp jhl;lr; rd;wpuf;fpd;whh jzpahd;. thoj; Jbf;fpd;whs; vd;w xu fij,e;jj; jhfg;gp,lk;gw;wpuf;fpd;wj. tw ikapd; fhuzkhf jdf;f vt;tpjj; jpyk; ghuj;jk;, yhj xutdf;f mtd; gzf;fhud; vd;w xnu fhu zj;jf;fhf jpukzk; ra;jitf;fg; glfpd;whs; rptfhkp. jhlhe;j fz tdld; NrHe;J tho,ayhk gw; Nwhuplk; jpuk;gpr; r fpd;whs; rptfhkp. xu ghk;gpisf;fr; NrhWk; rpiyak; kl;lk; xu Gupad; FLj;jh NghJNk vd;w rptfhkpiaf; $l;br;r y te;j ikj;jdpaplk; rptfhkpapd; jha; Nfl; fpwhs;> rptfhkpapd; fztdpd; Mz; ikf;fiwt,jd; %ykhff; fhl;lg; glfpd;wj. MapDk; FLk;g epiyia fuj;jpw;fhz;l kpz;lk; fztdld; thor; r fpd;whs; rptfhkp.,e;jf; fijapd;,wjpg;gfjpiag; gpd;tu khw vojfpd;whh jzpahd;> jhgf;fd rpwfr;rpwf tshe;j fth ypj;j> fhoe;jtpl Muk;gpj;jJk; rpt fhkp mjp MFjpahf tpoe;jhs;. vg;gbnah mts; Vf;fk; jzpe;j rpt fhkp tho Muk;gpj;j gpd;dh...,yf;fpaq;fisg; gilg;gjw;fhd fug; ghuis,e;j rkjhaj;jplkpue;j ehd; gw;wf;fhs;sfpnwd;.,e;j rkjhak; vdj fskhf tpsq;ffpd; wj.,e;j rkjhaj;jf;nf ehd; vo- Jfpd;Nwd;. vlj;j rkjhaj;jp rpy khw;wq;fis cuthf;fk;> kd vor; rpiar; Njhw;Wtpf;Fk; vd;gjid ehd; cwjpahf ehd; ek;gfpd;nwd;. mj dh vdj,yf;fpidf; fuj;jpw; fhz;l jhlhe;j vojpf;fhz;l tufpd;nwd; vd;w Fwpg;gpLfpd;whH. jzpahdpd; voj;jfisg; gw;wpajk; mtuj voj;jr; raw;ghlfs; gw;wpa Jkhd kpfr; rj;jpakhd thhj;ijfshf mtuj,e;jg; gpufldj;jpidg; ghhf;fpd;nwd;. mjw;f epahak; ra; Ak; midj;jj; jd;ikfisak; fhz; ljhf,d;dhu GjpaNfhzk; jhfjp mikfpd;wj etk;gup G+kfs; tspaplhf tspte;jpuf;fpd;w,e;j jhfg;gpny 15 fijfs;,lk;gw;wp Uf;fpd;wd.,e;jf;fijfs; 1971 Kj 2007 tiuahd kpf epz;lfhyg;gfjp ap vojg;gl;buf;fpd;wd. ghjthf tpkhrdq;fs; ra;ak; NghJ gpujpia Nehf;Ftjw;Fk; (,e;jf; fl; Liuia ehd; thrpj;jj Nghd;w) Fwpf; fg;gl;l xu voj;jhsupd; voj;jf;fis Ma;TNehf;Fld; mzffpd;w fuj;j uq;ffsf;fk; NtWghL,Uf;fpd;wJ. kpfepz;lfhykhf Ik;gJ Mz;Lfisj; Wf;fhs;sKbAk;. me;j tifap jzpahdpd;,yf;fp ak;>,yf;fpar; raw;ghl gw;wpa fhs;iffisak; mtuj Kw;Nghf;F,yf;fpaj;jpd; rhhgpidak; mwpe;j fhs;tj mtuj voj;jfisg; Gupe;J fhs;s cjtk;. E}yf epwtdk;> tha;khop tuyhwfisg; gjptra; fpd;w Nehf;fj;Jld; jzpahdpd; kpf tpupthd tha;khop tuyhw;wpidg; gjptra;jpuf;fpd;wj. ehd;f kzpj;jp ahyq;fsf;f Nkyhf epz;lr fpd;w me;j tha;khoptuyhw;wpd; xyptbtk; E}yf epwtdj;jpd; raw;jpl;lq;fsp xd;whd Mtzfj;jp gjpntw;wg;gl; buf;fpd;wj. rhjpa mlf;fkiwfs; mth kpj gpunahfpf;fg;gl;l tpjk;> mjidf; fk;gpukhf jhk; vjphfhz;l tpjk; vd;gtw;iw me;jg; gjptp tspg;gilahfg; gjptra;fpd;whh jzpahd;. jzpahidg; gw;wpa tpf; fpg;gpbah gf;fj;jp mtuj,aw;g aupid fe;ijah enlr vd;w gjpt- jzpahdpd; je;ijahuf;f,ue;j gpuf;iqiag; Gupe;Jfhs;fpd;w ghwg; GzHtp,d;iwa tpf;fpg;gpbah jiy Kiw rw;nw,luptpl;lj vd;nw rh y Ntz;Lk;. jpdfud; gj;jpupifia tpepnahfpg;gth xuth jzpahdpd; je;ijapd; thbf; ifahsuhf,ue;jpuf;fpd;whh. mtup lk; jpdfud; gj;jpupif xd;wf;fg; gjptra;j itj;jpuf;fpd;whh jzp ahdpd; je;ijahh. xt;thuehsk; me;j tpepnahf];jh gj;jpupifia jzpahdpd; je;ijaplk; fhlg;ghh.,t;tpjk; kpfr;rpwtajpnyna jdj gps;isfsf;f thrpg;gg; gof;fkk; f tpak; Kf;fpak; vd;w czhntw;g Lj;jpatuhf jzpahdpd; je;ij,ue;jpuf;fpd;whh. rhfpj;a uj;dh jzp ahd; jd;dila rpwtajp fs;s tpw;wtd; vd;w jzpahd;,e;jg; gjp tp ra;fpd;w fk;gpukhd miw$t iyf; Nfl;Lg;ghUq;fs;> mj r%f tpljiyf;fk; rkj;jtj;jf;fkhfg; xu ehs;,ut> rpweph fopg;gjw;fhfr; rptfhkpapd; ikj;jdp tpl;lf; Nfhbg; Gwj;Jf;F te;jhs;. ahnuh,utuila Ngr;Rf; Fu Nfl;Lj; jplf;fpl;lhs;. ifap vlj;j te;j Nuh[; xspiag; gha;r;rpg; gpbj;j tz;zk; ahuj vd;w mjl;bdhs;. mts; mjl;liyak; tspr;rj;ijak; fz;l ahnuh xu Mz; mq;fpue;j voe;j Js;spf; Fjpj;J XLfpwhd;. rptfhkp fiye;jpue;j Nriyiar; rupra;jfhz;l rhthq;fkk; mr;rj; jh fplfplj;j elq;f> tl;fpj; jiy Fdpe;J epw;fpd;whs;. rptfhkpapd; fz;fspypue;j jhiu jhiuahff; fz;zph tbe;j fhz;b Uf;fpwJ. rptfhkpapd; ikj;jdp k y mtis euq;fp te;j mtf;fd mtis,oj;j jd; khhnghl mizj;jf; fhs;sfpd;whs;.,e;jf; fij k ypif Mz;L kyup 1973 tspte;jpuf;fpd;wj. 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Mdh > fiyj;jtk; Fiwe;J tpl;lj vd;gjw;fhf mtw;wpd; Njitia ehk; kwj;jtplkbahj. jpuhtpiy vd;fpw fijap kuj;jtuhf,uf; fpd;w uhjhtpd; fhjyd; Kusp xu ghwpapayhsd;. fhj cwt vd;wh Yk; jpukzk; Nehf;fpr; r fpd;w NghJ rk;gpujhakhd jpukzg; Ngr;RfSk; vjphghhg;gfsk; tufpd;wd> jhd; mg; gb vjphghhf;ftp iy Mdh mg;gh> mk;khtf;fhfj;jhd; vd;w Njhuizap Kusp rpjdk; gw;wpa jdj FLk;gj; jpd; vjphghhg;gfis uhjhtplk; jup tpf;fpd;whd;. xu,q;rpdpauf;f 75/80,yl;rk; rpjdk; Nfl;fpdk;> Mdh vq;fl mg;gh mk;kh mt;tst Nfl;f tp iy> 40,yl;rk; jhd; Nfl;fpdk; vd;fpwhd; Kusp. mtdplk; Kusp>,g;g lhf;uuf;f vt;tst rpjdk; Nfl;fp dk; vd;w Nfl;f> 90/100 vd;w rh fpd;whd; Kusp> Mff;Fiwe;jJ vd;w uhjh Nfl;f 50,yl;rk; vd;fpwhd;. mg;g> ehd; lhf;uh> epq;fs; vq;rpdpah vdf;fg; gj;jyl;rk; epq;fs; jhd; juntz;lk; vd;fpwhs; uhjh. f ahzk;> rpjdk; vd;gj vg;gb Mokhf> xu tzpfkhf,d;w khwptpl;buf;fpd;wj vd;gjld; mjd; mgj;jj;ijak; Neu bahff; Nfs;tpf;Fs;shf;Ffpd;wJ,e; jf; fij. mnjneuk; mg;gh Vd; mojhh vd;w fijap FLk;gj;jp ehd;f gps;is fsk; gz;fshfnt gpwe;jtpl rpjdk; Nghd;w fhuzpfsh jpukz taj jhz;bak; Kj %d;w gz;fsf;fk; jpukzk; elf;fhk,uf;fpd;wj. gioa rk;gpujhaq;fsp %o;fpg; Nghd mthfspd; je;ij> tpl;bd; filrp kfs; g fiyf;fofj;jp jd;dld; gbf;fpd;w jd; fhjyid tpl;bw;fs; jupahk gjptj; jpukzk; ra;a Maj;jq;fisr; ra;jtplfpd;whs;. mij jd; jkf;ifaplk; $Wk;NghJk; mg;gh,ij Vw;Wf;fhs;Sthuh vd;w Nfl;f> f ahzk; ra;jfhs;sg; NghwJ ehd;> mg;ghtf;fh f ahzk; vd;w Nfl;fpwhs;. gpd;dh> vd;u tho;f; ifiaj; jphkhzpf;fntz;baj ehd; jhd;. vd;id ahuk; jlf;f KbahJ vd;wk; rh ypf;fhs;sfpd;whs;. 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MapDk; 2004 k ypifap,lk;gw;wpuf;fpd;wj jzp ahdpd;,e;jf; fij vd;gij xu Fwpg;ghfNtDk; gjptra;antz;b,uf;fpd;wj.,e;jj; jhfg;gp,uf;fntz;ba fijfsp kpf tpupthf ciuahl xu ghk;gpisf;fr; Ntz;ba fij jpz;lj;jfhjtd; vd; fpw fij.,e;jf; fijap tufpd;w gpujhd ghj;jpuk; rpwtajp Nfhap knd[uh mtkhdg;glj;jg;glfpd; whd;. me;j mtkhdg;glj;j vd;gj fijap g NtW,lq;fsp jpz;lhik rhhe;jjhfnt fhl;lg;glfpd;wj. jd; Dld; xnu tfg;gp gbf;fpd;w knd [upd; kfidg; ghhj;j mtd; rpupj; jjw;nf knd[uf;ff; Nfhgk; tufpd; wj> Vd;uh epw;fpwha;> ep te;jh xz; biyak; jhlf;$lhj> jhl;lh KJFj; Njh cupr;rg; NghLtd; vd;w rh tjld; jdj kfdplkk; mtd ld; NgrTk; $lhj> mtd;u Nkypy jhltk; $lhj vd;wk; $Wfpd;whH. mtd; Rtup jhl;lhyk;> fapwp jhl;lhyk;> J}zp jhl;lhyk; Nfhap kzpap jhl;lhyk; clnd knd[h mtdf;f mbf;fpd;whh. xuehs; NrhWk; rpiyak; kl;lk; xu Gupad; FLj;jh NghJNk? 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Mdh fijapd; Muk;gj;jp knd[iuak; mtuld; te;jthfisak; jd; rhe; jf;fhuhfs; vd;nw fjhghj;jpuk; Fwpg; gplfpd;wj. mj khj;jpuk y> mnj fjhghj;jpuk; ehq;fs; rhj;jp yhjth fs;> gzkp yhjthfs;> ve;jf;fhlik,iof;fg;gw;whyk; ksdkhf,uf;f Ntz;batHfs;> jl;bf;nfl;fk; t yik, yhjthfs;> Viofs;> jpz;lj; jfhjthfs; vd;wk; rh ypf;fhs; fpd;wj. gpw;fhyj;jp mnj rpwtd; tspehl Ngha; gzk; cioj;j tplkiwap CH jpuk;gfpd;whd;> mtd; FLk;gk; epjp trjp gw;wjhfp,uf; fpd;wj. NfhapYf;Fj; NjH ra;a knd[uk;,d;dk; rpyuk; mtdplk; epjpg; gq;fspg;g ra;akhw Nfl;f> mtd; NjUf;fhd KOg; gzj;ijak; jhnd jutjhff; $Wfpd;whd;.,Wjp ap NfhapYf;Fr; r Yk; mtd; NfhapYf;F tspap epw;fpd;wnghj> mtid Nehf;fp knd[h tufpd;whh. G+i[fs; Muk;gpg;gjw;Fupa mwpfwpfs; jd;glfpd;wd. jk;gp vd;d tspapny epz;bl;bas;... Nfl;Lf;fhz;Nl knd [H vdf;f Kd;Nd te;j epw;fpd;whh. gpd;dh,z;ilf;f epq;fs; jhnd jhnd rh. jhg;ig jupj;j> rq;fw;gk; ra;j> FUf;fs; Iahtpl;l fhshq;rp gw;w Nfhapiyr; Rw;wp te;j cgafhudhf epd;w ra;antz;lk;... thuq;nfh! vd mth vd;id miof;fpd;whh. epjhdkhf epkphe;j mth Kfk; ghhj;j> Ntz;lhk;> mij epq;fs; MUk; ra; Aq;Nfh! vd;w rh Yk;NghJk;> me; jf; Fjpia kpj Vwp ehd; xu jlit MlNtz;Lk; vd cs;kdk; cs;ns rh ypf; fhz;buf;fpwj. vd;w,e;jf; fij epiwtilfpd;wj. jdf;f epfo;e;j mtkhdj;ij tw;wpfhz;l jd;ikapid fijapd;,w jpap mtd; czhtjhf fhl;lg;gl; lhyk;> jpz;lhik vd;gij thf;fg; gpur;rpidahfnt jzpahd; milah sg;glj;jtj,e;jf; fijap kpfg; gupa gytpdk;. tuyhw;wpd; tt;ntw fhyfl;lq;fsp <oj;jthfsf;f thf; fg; Nghuhl;lj;jpd; Clhf rhjpa tpl jiyia mile;jtplyhk; vd;wk;> Njrpag; Nghuhl;lj;jpd; Clhf rhjp xopg;gpidr; ra;jtplyhk; vd;w ek; gpf;iffs; gykhf,ue;jd> gykhf Cl;lg;gl;ld. Mdh rhjpak; XH mbg;gilahd gpur;rpid> r%f epjpf; Fk; rkj;jtj;jf;fkhd mbg;gilfsp rhjpa xopg;gk; Kjd;ikahdJ vd;gj tythf,d;w epwtg;gl;b Uf;fpd;wJ. me;jf; fuj;jepiyap ghhf;fpd;wnghj jpz;lhik> jpz;lj; jfhjthfs; vd;fpw murpa rh yh l fis mtw;wf;fhd rupahd cs; slf;fj;jld; ghtpf;fntz;baj mt rpakhfk;. jzpahd;,e;jf; fijia vojpapug;gj 2005 vd;gjk;,f;fij tspte;jpug;gj k ypifap vd;g Jk;,jid tythfr; rh y itf; fpd;wj.,e;jj; jhfg;gp cs;slf;fg;gl;b Uf;fpd;w fijfspd}lhf tspehlf Sf;Fg; Gyk;gaHe;j kf;fs; mdg;gpa gzk; fpuhkq;fsp r%f gz;ghl;l mirtfsp Vw;gLfpd;w khw;wq;fis Ak; ehk; mwpe;jfhs;sf;$bajhf,uf;fpd;wj. khia>,e;jpud;fs; Mfpa fijfis,e;j mbg;gilap ehk; Nehf;fyhk;. Mdh mt;tpjk; Vw;gL fpd;w khw;wq;fis vojpr; r Yfpd;w jhdpahdj tspehlfsp,ue;j fpilf;fpd;w gzj;jpdh Mjhak; milgthfisak; mthfsj elt bf;iffisak; kypdkhd Kiwap Nfyp ra;tjhf> ghjg;gj;jpiag;gpu jpgypg;gjhf mikfpd;wj. Fwpg;ghf,d;dhU Gjpa Nfhzk;> khia Mfpa fijfsp tufpd;w ghj;jpuq;fisf; fupridald; Gupe;Jfhs;sTk; tspg; glj;jtk; KayNtap iy vd;nw rh y Ntz;Lk; Kj 2007 tiuahd kpf epz;l fhyg;gfjpap vojg;gl;l g NtWf ijfsp,ue;j NjHe;jLf;fg;gl;l fijfis cs;slf;fpajhf,e;jj; jhfg;g tspte;jpuf;fpd;wj. Map Dk; ve;j mbg;gilap,e;jf; fij fs; jhff;fg;gl;lit vd;w jhfg; gp juptpf;fg;gltk;, iy> thrpg; gpd}lhftk; mwpe;jfhs;s Kba tp iy.,e;jj; jhfg;gpid fhw; whtj;ijap,uf;fpd;w G+kfs; rdr %f epiyak; tspapl;buf;fpd;wj.,j kpfkf;fpakhd xu mk;rkhfk;. rdr%f epiyaq;fs; Nghd;w caphg; ghd mikg;gfs;,jnghd;w gz;ghl; Lr; raw;ghlfsp <LgLtJ kpf MNuhf;fpakhd Kd;DjhuzkhFk;. jzpahdpd; gilg;gyfk;> mtuj fij khe;jhfs;> fuj;jepiy> r%fg; ghhit> khopahsik Mfpad gw; wpa Fwpg;GfshfNt,d;dhU Gjpa Nfhzk; gw;wpa,e;jf;fl;liu mik Ak;> mtuj Vida gilg;gfisak; thrpj;j tpupthd Ma;thd;wpidr; ra;antz;baj mtrpak; vd;gij,jtiu thrpj;j mtuj E} fspd} lhd czukbfpd;wj. arumozhivarma@thaiveedu.com

67 jha;tpl brk;gu; December

- 66 - jha;tpl brk;gu; December 2018,J ftpij NgRk; Neuk; tpk;gk; elj;jpa rkfhyf;ftpijfs; tpkhrd muq;fk; rpy Fwpg;GfSk;.

ftpijj;jhfjpfis mwp Kfk; kw;wk; tpkhrdk; ra;ak; Kfkhf xu KO ehs; epfo;thd;wpid elj;j,ug;gjhf mwptpj;jj.,e;j mwp tpg;ng vkf;fhu,d;g mjphr;rpahf,ue;jj vd;wh mj kpifa y.

jkpofj;jp,ue;j xu ftpqh,j vdj xu epz;l ehs; guq;fdt.,g;nghj edthfptpl;lj. tpk;gj;jpw;f ed;wp vd;w ctif ghq;f jdj vz;zj;ij gjpt ra;jpue;jhh. mj;jld; mq;f muq;fp mue;jjp ul;zuh[;> T.

$rse;jh mthfsj Xtpaq;fSld; Nf. fpu\;zuh[htpd; Xtpaq;fSk; ehw;gwkk; jhq;ftplg;gl;bue;j me;j mw;gjkhd R+o vk;ik,d;dkhu cyfpw;f mioj;jr; rd;wpue;jj.$ epfo;tpd; Muk;gj;jp,e;epfo;T Fwpj;j K.epj;jpahde;jdpd; mwpkff; Fwpg;Gld; $ba epfo;r;rp epu Fwpj;j ifnal xd;w tpepnahfpf;fg;gl;lj. mjp K. epj;jpahde;jd;,j ftpij NgRk; Neuk;.

epfo;tpd; Muk;gj;jp,e;epfo;T Fwpj;j K.epj;jpahde;jdpd; mwpkff; Fwpg;Gld; $ba epfo;r;rp epu Fwpj;j ifnal xd;w tpepnahfpf;fg;gl;lj. mjp K. epj;jpahde;jd;,j ftpij NgRk; Neuk;.

vd;w Fwpg; gpl;l E} fisj; jupt ra;tjp cs;s rpukj;jpidak; tpsf;fpapue;jhh. sg;gl;lj.,e;e} fspw;fhd tpkhrd ciufis NjhoH NtY> vk;.

jtphf;fkbahj R+o;epiy ah gh. enlrdk;> khjtp rptrpydk; jupt ra;ag;gl;l ftpijj;jhfg; Gf;fs; Fwpj;Jk; mthfsj juptfs; Fwpj;Jk; vkf;fs; tpag;gk; Mr;rupa Kk; NkNyhq;fpapUe;jJ.

$,Jtiu fhykk; fiy fiyf;fhfnt vd;w Nfh\kpl;L fd rkfhy muq;fpa > rkfhyr; rpdpkh vdg; Nghf;FfisAk; MSikfisAk; Kd;itj;J> tpthjq;fis Kd;dLf; ftk; tpkhrpf;ftk; jkpo;ehl;b tha;g; Gfs; FiwT.$ 17 ftp MSik %d;w mkhtfshf eilgw;w,e;epfo; tpd; mkhtfis kpdhs; epj;jpahde; jd;> K. epj;jpahde;jd;> eh. rngrd; %tuk; top elj;jpdhhfs;.

17 ftp MSik %d;w mkhtfshf eilgw;w,e;epfo; tpd; mkhtfis kpdhs; epj;jpahde; jd;> K. epj;jpahde;jd;> eh. rngrd; %tuk; top elj;jpdhhfs;.

mfpydpd; mk;ik > fuzhfudpd;,uj;jkhfpa gfykila ehs; > upah]; Fuhdhtpd; eht xd;wpd; %d;whk; gjpg;g Mfpa ftpijj;jhfjpfs; vlj;jf; fhs;sg;gl;ld.

Neupahdpd; rhf;fg;gid > Fl;bNut jpapd; mfkfk; Mfpa jhfjpfs; vlj;jf;fhs;sg;gl;ld.

,tw;wld; gthdp jk;gpuh[tpdh ejhyhe;j khopap khop gahf; fg;gl;l Nrudpd; ftpijfs; mlq;fpa Het verhaal va de zee - flypd; fij jhfg;gk; epfo;tpw;f vlj;jf; fhs; tuif jutp iy vd;w

gue;njtpapd; ftp ijahd;wpw;f rhk; gpujpgd;> u[pjh gpujpgdk; Nrudpd; ftpij xd;wpl;f kh. rj;jpa%hj;jpak; mspf;iffis epfo;j;jp ghhitahshfis gutrj;jp Mo;j;jpdhHfs;.

$TfspYk; fw;gidfspyk; tho;e;j Nfh\;b apduplk;,ue;j tho;f;if kl;lnk xu guq;fiy.$ me;j cd; djkhd fiyap,ue;jjhd; midj; Jf; fiyfsk; cuthf Ntz;Lk; vd;w fujk; xu FOtpduplk; etpd jkpo; ftpij kughdj ifkhwpapug; gij vk;kh czhe;j fhs;s Kbe; jj.

me;j cd; djkhd fiyap,ue;jjhd; midj; Jf; fiyfsk; cuthf Ntz;Lk; vd;w fujk; xu FOtpduplk; etpd jkpo; ftpij kughdj ifkhwpapug; gij vk;kh czhe;j fhs;s Kbe; jj.

68 jha;tpl brk;gu; December 2018,J ftpij NgRk; Neuk; tpk;gk; elj;jpa rkfhyf;ftpijfs; tpkhrd muq;fk; rpy Fwpg;GfSk;. tp k;gk; fiy,yf;fpa jpiug; gl fyhr;rhu mikg;gh dj rkfhy ftpij muq;f vdk; gjhifapd; fpo; <ok;> jkpofk;> Gfyplk; vd;w gutpf;fplf;fk; midj;jyfg; gug;gp,ue;j 17 ftp QHfspd; ftpijj;jhfjpfis mwp Kfk; kw;wk; tpkhrdk; ra;ak; Kfkhf xu KO ehs; epfo;thd;wpid elj;j,ug;gjhf mwptpj;jj.,e;j mwp tpg;ng vkf;fhu,d;g mjphr;rpahf,ue;jj vd;wh mj kpifa y. epfo;t eilgw Kd;dNu r%f tiyj; jsq;fspyk; kw;wa Clfq;fspYk;,t; mwptpg;g Fwpj;Jk;,e;epfo;Tfs; Fwpj;Jk; g NtW fuj;jf;fs; Kd;itf; fg;gl;ld. jkpofj;jp,ue;j xu ftpqh,j vdj xu epz;l ehs; guq;fdt.,g;nghj edthfptpl;lj. tpk;gj;jpw;f ed;wp vd;w ctif ghq;f jdj vz;zj;ij gjpt ra;jpue;jhh. mj;jld; mq;f muq;fp mue;jjp ul;zuh[;> T. rse;jh MfpNahuJ Xtpaf;fz;fhl;rpAk;,lk;gWk; vd;w Fwpg;gplg;gl;bUe;jJ vkf;fs;,ul;bg;g kfpo;r;rpapid Vw;gLj;jp,Ue;jJ. mwptpj;jgbna etk;gh khj Kj thuj;jp xu rdpf;fpioik ( ) md;w epfo;thdj,yz;ld; fpof; Fg;gFjpap mike;js;s <];l;`hk; Triity Cetre fhiy kzpas tp Muk;gkhfpaJ. Neuj;JlNdNa rd; wpue;njhk;. mue;jjp ul;zuh[;> T. rse;jh mthfsj Xtpaq;fSld; Nf. fpu\;zuh[htpd; Xtpaq;fSk; ehw;gwkk; jhq;ftplg;gl;bue;j me;j mw;gjkhd R+o vk;ik,d;dkhu cyfpw;f mioj;jr; rd;wpue;jj. epfo;tpd; Muk;gj;jp,e;epfo;T Fwpj;j K.epj;jpahde;jdpd; mwpkff; Fwpg;Gld; $ba epfo;r;rp epu Fwpj;j ifnal xd;w tpepnahfpf;fg;gl;lj. mjp K. epj;jpahde;jd;,j ftpij NgRk; Neuk;.,yq;if>,e;jpah> Gfypl ehlfs; vd;w gutpf;fplf;fk; jkpo;f; ftpqhfspd; gilg;gfis yz;ld; muq;fp fhz;l NrHf;Fk; guq; fdt ep[khfk; Neuk;. vd;w Fwpg; gpl;l E} fisj; jupt ra;tjp cs;s rpukj;jpidak; tpsf;fpapue;jhh. sg;gl;lj.,e;e} fspw;fhd tpkhrd ciufis NjhoH NtY> vk;. gsrh> cikahs;> f[d; fhk;g;sh> Fy rgh ehjd;> fyh =uq;rd;> NfhFy&gd;> etn[hjp>,isa mg;j yh`;> `up,uhryl;rkp> thrd;> akdh uhn[e;jpud;> NjhoH Kj;J (=) MfpNahH toq;fp apue;jdh. jtphf;fkbahj R+o;epiy ah gh. enlrdk;> khjtp rptrpydk; jupt ra;ag;gl;l ftpijj;jhfg; Gf;fs; Fwpj;Jk; mthfsj juptfs; Fwpj;Jk; vkf;fs; tpag;gk; Mr;rupa Kk; NkNyhq;fpapUe;jJ. khj;jj;jp etpd jkpo; ftpij kughdj tpr;rk; rwptk; kpf;f,d;dkhu jsj;jpw;f efhe;jtpl;lij vk;kh Gupe;J fhs;s Kbe;jJ.,Jtiu fhykk; fiy fiyf;fhfnt vd;w Nfh\kpl;L fd rkfhy muq;fpa > rkfhyr; rpdpkh vdg; Nghf;FfisAk; MSikfisAk; Kd;itj;J> tpthjq;fis Kd;dLf; ftk; tpkhrpf;ftk; jkpo;ehl;b tha;g; Gfs; FiwT.,q;Nf xt;thu epfo; Tk; VjhtjhU FOtpd; / gjpg;gfj;jpd; rhhghdjhfnt elf;fpd;wd. mijj; jhz;b Kd;dLf;Fk;NghJ cyfj;jkpo;,yf;fpak; cuthfk;. 17 ftp MSik %d;w mkhtfshf eilgw;w,e;epfo; tpd; mkhtfis kpdhs; epj;jpahde; jd;> K. epj;jpahde;jd;> eh. rngrd; %tuk; top elj;jpdhhfs;. epfo;tpw;f <oj;jpypue;j mdhupd; [pd;dpd;,u Njhiffs; > Nrhiyf;fpspapd; kz; Nfhop > g`pkh [fhdpd; Mjpj;JaH > gh. mfpydpd; mk;ik > fuzhfudpd;,uj;jkhfpa gfykila ehs; > upah]; Fuhdhtpd; eht xd;wpd; %d;whk; gjpg;g Mfpa ftpijj;jhfjpfs; vlj;jf; fhs;sg;gl;ld. jkpofj;jpyp Ue;J RfpHjuhzpapd;,g;gbf;F Vths; > eudpd; yhfpup > Njd;khop jhrpd; fhah > gue;njtpapd; ghd; fhd;iw G+f;f te;j Nga; kio > atdpfh =uh kpd; myf;rhz;lupd; fhyzp > flq;f Neupahdpd; rhf;fg;gid > Fl;bNut jpapd; mfkfk; Mfpa jhfjpfs; vlj;jf;fhs;sg;gl;ld. Gyk; gah Njrq;fsp,Ue;J jhkpdpapd;,us; kpjf;fk; gha;if > ew;fho jhrdpd; tspr;rk; vd; kuzfhyk; > ahopdpapd; kuzkwk; fdtfs; Mfpa ftpijj; jhfjpfs; vlj;jf;fhs;sg;gl;ld.,tw;wld; gthdp jk;gpuh[tpdh ejhyhe;j khopap khop gahf; fg;gl;l Nrudpd; ftpijfs; mlq;fpa Het verhaal va de zee - flypd; fij jhfg;gk; epfo;tpw;f vlj;jf; fhs; tuif jutp iy vd;w fhuzj;jpdh Fl;b Nutjpapd; mfkfk; kw;wk; ahop dpapd; kuzkwk; fdtfs; jhfjp fs; tpkhrdj;jpw;f vlj;jf; fhs;sg; gltp iy. g`pkh [`hdpd; Mjpj;J ah jhfjp Fwpj;j vk;.v. Ekhdpd; tpkhrd ciuahdj tpbnah gjpthf xspgug;gg;gl;lj vd;gjtk;,q;f Fwpg;gplj;jf;fJ. gue;njtpapd; ftp ijahd;wpw;f rhk; gpujpgd;> u[pjh gpujpgdk; Nrudpd; ftpij xd;wpl;f kh. rj;jpa%hj;jpak; mspf;iffis epfo;j;jp ghhitahshfis gutrj;jp Mo;j;jpdhHfs;. NkYk;,e;epfo;thdJ KfE} thapyhf Neuiyahf xspg ug;gg;gl;lj vd;gjpidak;,f;ftpijj; jhfjpfspw;fhd ftpqhfs; gyuk; Neuiyap ghhj;j kfpo;e;j ed;wpf isj; juptpj;jijak; $l,q;f Fwpg;gpLtJ mtrpakhfpd;wj. xu ehs; KOtJk; mkhe;jpue;j ftpij gw;wpg; NgrpaJ Fwpj;j gutrk; mid tuj Kfq;fspYk; Fbfhz;bUe;jJ. TfspYk; fw;gidfspyk; tho;e;j Nfh\;b apduplk;,ue;j tho;f;if kl;lnk xu guq;fiy. me;j cd; djkhd fiyap,ue;jjhd; midj; Jf; fiyfsk; cuthf Ntz;Lk; vd;w fujk; xu FOtpduplk; etpd jkpo; ftpij kughdj ifkhwpapug; gij vk;kh czhe;j fhs;s Kbe; jj. NghH tho;tpd; fhlikfisak; Jauq;fisAk; ghlk; <oj;jf; ftpqh fisak;> Gfypl tho;tpd; jdpikf isak; Vf;fq;fisAk; tspg;glj;jk; Gyk;gaH Njrj;Jf; ftpqhfisak;> etpd tho;tpd; euf;fbfisak; mt yq;fisak; czhj;jk; jkpoff; ftp QHfisAk; mthfsj Fu fisak; vk;kh Gupe;Jzu Kbe;jpUe;jJ.,e;epfo;T Fwpj;J jkpofj;jpypue;j NguhrpupaH m. uhkrhkp mthfs; jdj fuj;jpid gpd;tukhw gjpt ra;jp Ue;jhH. rkfhyj;jkpo;,yf;fpak; vd; Dk; ghjj;jsj;jp rkfhyf; ftpij> rkfhyg; Gidfij> rkfhy ehlfk;> fis Kd;itj;J tpthjf;fsk; mikj; Js;s tpk;gk; mikg;gf;fk; mjd; gpd;ds;s yz;ld; efuj; jkpo;,yf; fpaf;fhuhfsf;fk; tho;j;jfs;. cz;ikjhd;. mrhj;jpakhd xu tpl aj;ij rhj;jpakhf;fpa tpk;gj;jpd; gzp ahdj ghuhl;lf;fsf;fk; mg;ghw;gl; lj.,jd; %yk; cyfq;fk; gutpf; fplf;fk; rkfhy jkpo; ftpijfspd; Nghf;FfisAk; FWf;F tl;lj;njhw; wj;jpidak; tspf;fhzhe;j mjd; gzp Nghw;Wjw;FupaJ. ftpij vd;gj ftpij rhhe;j NjlYilajhf,Uf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;w $WgtHfs; tpyfp epw;f Ntz;ba juzk; te;j tpl;lj. tho;t vdk; guq;fiyia Nehf;fp midj;jf;fiyfsk; gazpf;f Muk; gpj;js;s,j;juzj;jp etpd jkpo; ftpij kugk; mij Nehf;fpa xu khguk; gha;r;riy epfo;j;jpapug;gjp vkf;fk; guk jpug;jpna. - mga FyNrfud;

69 jha;tpl brk;gu; December vd;dila murpa gpuntrk; eh d; Rd;dhfj;jp gah Fwpg;gpl;L NgRfpd;w ms tpw;f gpugykhfpapue; Njd;. Nkilg; Ngr;Rk;> ehlfq;fsk; vd;idak;,d;dk; rpy ez;ghfisak; gpug akhf;fpapue;jd. mjpny rpd;idah rptqhdk;(rrpjh) vd;gth Kf;fpakhd th. jp.k.f ghjpg;g,tupny,ue;jj. cil> Ngr;R v yhnk mthfsila ghzpjhd;.,tnuhl NrHe;J ehdk;,aq;fpndd;. e y fiyqh>,th,g; NghJ, iy.,tiu xukiw I.FkhuRthkp vd;w xu gupahh re;jpj;j jd;dila kfd; cltp jhfjpap RNal;irahf> ehlhskd;wj; NjHjyp epw;gjhftk;> mtiu Mjupf;Fk;gbAk; Nfl;Ls;shH. mtuf;f,th rk;kjk; juptpj;j gpwf vd;dplkk; mtiuf;$l;b te;j mwpkfk; ra;j itj;jhh. murpa fl;rpfsp twg;gw;w xjq;fpapue;j ehk;> jdpg;gl;l Kiwap Nfl;Fk; xu tiu Mjupf;fyhk; vd;w KbtLj;J> cq;fspd; fhs;iffs; vd;dtd;w Nfl;Nlhk;. mjw;f I.FkhuRthkp vd;w me;jg; gupahh> cq;fspd; fhs;if vd;dnth> mjjhd; mtupd; fhs;if Ak; vd;w je;jpukhfg; gjp rhd;dhh. mtuila rhjupakhd Ngr;R> mtupd; Njhw;wk; mtiu vkf;f xu f tpkh dhff;fhl;baj. rz;kfehjdhfpa ehdk; rpd;idah rptqhdkhfpa vdj ez; guk; mtuila kfid Mjupg;Nghk;; vd;w I. FkhuRthkp mthfsf;f thf;fspj;njhk;.,g;ghoj khdpg;gha; jhfjpahf,uf;fk;> mg;nghija cltp jhfjpap RNal;ir Ntl; ghsuhf> gr;irak;> ts;isak; fye;j fhbald;> gjpdl;l taj epuk;gpa fhok;g Nwha f Y}up khztd; FkhuRthkp tpnehjd; vd;gtnu me;j,sk; Ntl;ghsH.,tiu If;fpa Njrpaf;fl;rp MjuthsH vd;wk;> cltp jhfjpap Nghl;b apl;l khdpg;ghiar; NrHe;j xu Ntl; ghsupd; thf;ffisg; gpupg;gjw;fhf> xu fiyqdpd; fij,th epwj;jg;gl;lth vd;wk;> gyth whfg; Ngrg;gl;lJ. vdf;nfh ez;gh RrpjUf;Nfh,J gw;wpa ftiyap iy.,tuila v yh NjHj Nkilfsp Yk; ehq;fs; vq;fsila fhs;if fis> mtuila fhs;ifahff; fhl;b tpshr tpshr vd;w tpshrpf; fhz;b Ue;Njhk;. tpnehjd;,g;nghj, iy. mth xu fhiy Kaw;rpap jg;gp>,d;dkhu fhiy Kaw;rpap gypahd> vd;idg; Ngh g yhapuf;fzf;fhdthfspd; md; Gf;Fk; fsutj;jpw;fk; cupath. jd; Dila gjpdl;l tajpnyna> jd;d ila Ngr;rpd; %ykk;> raypd; %y Kk;> v NyhupdJk; ed;kjpg;igg; gw; wth. mg;gof;fp yhj xu murpa thjp vd;wh ehd; mtuila gaiu Kd; khopntd; fspypue;j 1977tiu,tuJ ghw;fhyk; vd;w rh Ntd;. mnjfhyfl;lj;jp jhd; ehdk; murp ayp,ue;njd;. mjw;f Kd;Dk;, iy gpd;dk;, iy.,e;j mg;gof;fp yhj,isqdj murpa Nkilap ehdk; NgrpNdd;. ehd; mtuf;fhf thf;ff; Nfl;Nld; vd;gj vdf;fk; guik. fpuhkk; fpuhkkhf thf;ff; Nfl;Lk;> gy fpuhk Kd;Ndw;w epiyaq; fsf;f md;gspg;gr; ra;jk;> vk;kh gukstp thf;ffisr; Nrfupf;f Kb atp iy. ehq;fs;,ut> gfyhf cioj;jg; gw;w thf;ffs; 1800 kl; LNk.,J,g;gbapUf;f> jw;fpny jpukjp. =khnth gz;lhuehaf;fh jiyikap,ljrhup $l;l murhq;fk;> gjtpnaw; wj. lhf;lh vd;.vk;. gnuuh> fh tpd; MH.b.rp th> gpl;lh fdkd; Nghd;w thfs; murld;,ize;jpue;jdh. me;j murp jgh mikr;ruhfr; r iyah Fkhu#upaH vd;gth gjtpnaw;wpue;jhh. r iyah Fkhu#upaH mthfs; tl gfjp eyd;fis ftdpg;gjw;fhd mikr; ruhftk; raw;gl;lhh. tlgfjpap mu rpa Kf;fpa];jHfisj; jd;ndhl NrHj;Jf; fhs;tjw;f Kad;W fhz; bue;jhh. mtuj fz;zp > NjHjyp Njh tpaw;w RWRWg;ghd,e;j,is QDk; gl;lhh.,e;j,isqidak;,d;dk; gy gpukfhfisak; cs; <Hj; Jf;fhz;L> mgptpuj;jp Ntiyfsp Yk;> jhop tha;g;gf;fisf; fhlg; gjpyk; <Lgl;ldH fhyg;gfjp tlgfjp tptrhap fspd; tho;f;ifap kwf;fkbahj fhyk;. tq;fhakk;> kpsfhak;,wf;fkjp ra;a jil tpjpf;fg;gl;lj. khtf;fhd jilia Kjyhspj;Jt ehlfs; Vw;g Lj;jpd. mthfspd; Njapiyj; Njhl; lq;fis> vz;za;f; fhk;gdpfis Njrpa kakhf;fpaj mthfsf;f Nfhgk;. khtf;fk;> muprpf;fk; jl;lg;ghl Vw; gl> Fuf;fd;> rhik> kuts;sp vd;w,e;j czt tiffsf;f r thf;f Vw;gl;lJ. tptrhapfisak; mthfsj FLk;gq;fisAk; Gwf;fzpj;jtHfs;> mthfs; tplnjbr; rd;w Fuf;fd;> rhik> kuts;sp vd;w Nfl;L thq;fp dhhfs;. tptrhapfis kl;lk y> Fuf; fd;> rhikiaak; vk;kthfs; Gwf;f zpj;jthfs;. tq;fhak;> kpsfha;,wf;fkjpj;jil ap > tlgfjp tptrhapfs; kl;lk y>,yq;if KOtJk; tq;fhaj;ijak;> kpsfhiaak; tpistpj;jthfs; guk;,yhgk; mile;jhhfs;. tptrhapfs; kj;jpap gzg;gof;fk; Vw;gl;lJ. f tplfs; voe;jd. fkf;fhuhfspd; tho; tp kwkyhr;rp Vw;gl;lJ.,e;jpa rq;rpiffs;> E} fsf;f jil tpjpf;fg;gl;lj.,jdh,yq;ifap gy gpuruq;fs; Njhd;wpd. Gjpa Mf; fq;fs; tspahfpd. jpiug;glq;fs;,yq;ifap tspte;jd.,d;iwf;fk;,ij ghw;fhyk; vd;w> fdlhtp Gfo;fpd;w,yq;if,yf;fpathjpfs;,Uf;fpd;whHfs;. gjf;fp itj;jpue;j gznehl;lf;fs; tspna fhz;l tug;gl;ld.,e;jpaf; fiyqh tuif kl;lg;glj;jg;gl;lj> mjdh vkj cs; CH ehj];tu> jtp tpj;jthd;fs; cl;gl midj;jf; fiyqhfsk; eyd; gw;wdh.,j vk;nghd;w fiynahl jhlhg gl;lthfsf;f Gjpa cw;rhfj;ijj; je;jj. voj;j %ykk;> Ngr;R %y Kk;,e;jr; raw;ghlfsf;fhf ehk; raw;gl;nlhk;> rk;ge;jg;gl;l midt iuak; ghuhl;bndhk;.,e;jf;fhyfl;lj;jp j;jhd; aho; g f iyf;fofkh?,e;jg; g fiyf;fofkh? aho;g;ghzj;jpyh? jpunfhzkiyapyh? vd;w Nghl;bfs; KbTf;F te;j aho;g; ghzj;jp g fiyf;fofk; jpwf;fg; gl;lj.,jw;fk; aho;g;ghzj;jpnyna gfp];fupg;gf;fs; v yhk; eilgw;wd.,ita yhk; vk;kila tho;tp eilgw;w> kwf;fkbahj rk;gtq;fs;. vkf;fg; Gjpa gbg;gpidfisj; je;jj.,e;jf;fhyfl;lj;jp F.tpNehjd; mth; fs; jiytuhftpue;j Rd;dhfk; gy Nehf;fpf;$l;LwTr;rq;fj;jp ehd; ghj rdj;jhlhg cj;jpnahfj;juhfr; raw; gl;nld;. Rd;dhfk; gynehf;ff; $l;l wtr;rq;fkk; gy e y gzpfis mf; fhyj;jp ra;jj. FkhuRthkpg; GytUf;F Rd;dhfk; re;jpf;f mz;kpj;j gfjpap rpiy itj;j> jgh mikr;rh Fkhu#upaH %ykk; jpwe;j itj;jj. fhok;gpyp ehd; Ka Ntl;ilf;Fg; Nghdtd;, iy> Ue;J jhrprpa]; ehlff;foit mioj;j tpopg;g ehlfj;ij,uhkehjd; f Y}up jpwe;jtsp muq;fp NkilNaw; wpaj. khdpg;gha; gynehf;f $l;lwtr; rq;fk; %yk; khdpg;ghap $l;lwthsh tpurpq;fk; mthfsf;f rpiy itj; jj...,g;gbr; rh ypf;fhz;nl Nghf yhk;.,it Nghd;wtw;wpy yhk; vd; Nghd;wtHfs; gq;fspg;gk; epiwant,ue;jd. rpq;f Ntl;ilf;Fg; Ngha; Njhw;wtd;. jpu.fkhurthkp tpnehjd; mthfsf;f tyf;fukhfr; raw;gl;lth. jw;nghj fdlhtp thok; f tpahsh Rg;gpuk zpak;,uhruj;jpdk; vd;gtuhthh.,th fs;,utuk; e y ez;ghfs;. tpneh jd; %yk; Kbf;fKbahj rpy gzpfis ehd;,uhruj;jpdk; %yk; Kbj;jpUf; fpd;nwd;.,uhruj;jpdk;> jhop epkpj; jk; ieipupah rd;w gpd;g tpnehjd; tho;tpyk;> gy Nrhjidfs;,lk;gw; wd. tpnehjd; mthfspd; je;ijahh I. FkhuRthkp mthfs; e y,yf;fpa MHtyH> eifr;ritahfg; NgRthH. f tis rz;bypg;gha; tpehafh kpj khwhj gf;jp fhz;lth. f tisae; jhjp ghba rpd;dj;jk;gpg; GytH kpjk; gu tpug;gf; fhz;lth. vd;dila,yf;fpa MHtj;ijAk;> Nkilg; Ngr;Rf;fisAk; mtjhdpj;j mikr;rh r iyah Fkhu#upaH vd;id thdhyp epiyaj;jpduf;f gupe;jiu ra;jhh. vd;id fhok;gpny xu,yf;fpa epfo;tp re;jpj;j xyp gug;ghsh,isajk;gp jahde;jhtk; ehd; thdhyp epiyaj;jp,uf;f Ntz;batH vd;w rhd;dhh. ehd; Nghd fhyj;jp tp.vd; kjpmofd; mq;nf,ue;jjk;> gpd;g jkpo;r;nritg; gzpg;ghsuhf te;jjk; vdj fhlg; gdt. Gjpaghij Gjpa cyfk; > fpuhk tsk; vd;w kflkpl;l jpde;njhwk; rd;w tptrhapfisak;> fiyqhfsak; fz;l NeHfhz ra;j gpd;g fhok;g fhz;lte;j xypgug;gr; ra;tj vdj gzp. vd;ndhl xu epiyaj; jahupg; ghsh tuthh. Nf.vk;. thrfh> fhty}h,uhrjiu> =];fe;juh[h> gj;kehjd;>,isajk;gp jahde;jh> cuj;jpuhgjp> Nahfuh[d;> enlrrhkh> eluh[d; Mfp NahH xypg;gjptfsf;fk;> NeubtHzid - Nrhf;fy;Nyh rz;kfehjd; epfo;tfsf;fk; cjtp ra;thhfs;.,e;j,lj;jpny Ntwhd;iwAk; rh y Ntz;Lk;.,yq;if thdhyp jahupj;j fhiu Re;juk;gps;isapd; gpwe;j kz; ehlfj;jpw;f,uhkfpu\;z kz;lg Nkilehlfj;jpw;F mjp cr;r rk;gskhf &gh Nahfuh[d; ltl;lf; fnz]; je;jhh. ghd;kzp glj;jp ebj;jjw;f fhty}h,uhrjiu &gh je;jhh. r iyah Fkhu#upaH mthfs; gpd;dhsp tplikg;g mikr; ruhftk;,ue;jth. ehd; aho;g;ghzj; jpnyna vdj fpuhkj;jp thlif tpl;b tho;e;jtd;. ehd; tpz;zg;gpj;j> fhok;gpny xu tpl;ilg; gw;wpuf;f yhk;. fhr rk;ghjpg;gjw;f murpayp gytopfs;,ue;jj. tpnehjd; Ngh ehq;fsk; J}atHfshf,Uf;fNtz; bapue;jj. mjdh ehq;fsk; murp ayp GdpjkhdtHfshfg; Nghw;wg;gl; Nlhk;. ehd; fpuhkrigj; NjHjyp epd;wtd;. mj tpnehjidr; re;jpg;gjw;f gyt Ulq;fs; Kd;djhf ele;jj. vd;dila Vohiyf; fpuhkrigj; jiytuhf rpt FU vd;gth,ue;jhh. mtuila Mj uthsdhfnt ehd; Nfl;Nld;. vd;id vjphj;jf; Nfl;ltH jkpourf;fl;rp Mj uthsdhff; Nfl;lhH. vdf;f 42 thf; FfNs fpilj;jj. vd;id vjphj;jf;nfl; luf;f 92 thf;ffs; fpilj;jd. vdf; Ff; fl;lg;gzk; fpilj;jj. vd;id twg;gthfs;> fpuhkrigapny $l t y Kbahj gpugyk; vd;w fpz;l ra;jhhfs;. mg;nghj jkpourf;fl;rp vt;tst rf;jp tha;e;jj vd;gj vdf; Fj; jupak;. ehd; Ka Ntl;ilf;Fg; Nghdtd;, iy> rpq;f Ntl;ilf;Fg; Ngha; Njhw;wtd;. ghdhl;nrh gl;bd rigj; NjHjyp Njhw;wtH vd;gij vz;zp ehd; MWj mile;njd;. NjH j KbT jupe;jjk; gfny Ntiyf; Fg; NghNdd;. vd;id Nerpf;fpwtHfs; mijf;$lg; ghuhl;bdhhfs;> Nfl;lhd;> Njhw;whd;> Nghdhd; vd;w. NjHj elg;gjw;fr; rpy jpdq;fs; Kd;djhf vd;id gythwhf euf;fpdhhfs;> thg]; thq;fk;gb. vd;ndhl Nfl;ltiu Nghl;bapd;wp juptra;j mtiuf; fpuhkrigj; jiyth Mf;Ftjw;F. vd;dila Kd;dhs; ghlrhiy mjp gh %ykk; Kad;whHfs;. ehd; vd;id ek;gp Nghl;bapl itj;jtiu> el;lhw; wp tpl tpuk;gtp iy. kpfr;rpwe;j f tpkhd;fs;> fpuhkj;jp gupjk; kjpf; fg;glfpd;wthfs; vdf;f thf;fspj; jhhfs; vd;w jpug;jpnahl ehd; kw; iwa gzpfis Nkw;fhz;Nld;.,e;jf;fhyj;jp jhd;> vdf;ff; fpilf; fhjnghd f tpia kpz;lk; jhlq;f tpuk;gpndd;. jdpg;gl;l gupl;rhhj;jpahf v];.v];.rp. Nrhjidia vojpndd;. kwe;jnghd ghlq;fis kpz;lk; el; bug;gr; ra;njd;. jdpg;gl;lthfsplk; Nfl;Lg;gbj;Njd;. jkpioj;jtpu midj; Jg; ghlq;fspyk; Njh tpaile;njd;. jkpop fpwpbl;,j NghJk;. fdlhtp vk;.v gh]; gz;ztjw;f. mg; ghoj FjpiuNahLk; trjpfs;,ue;jj. ehdk; Fjpiu XbapUf;fyhk;. mij ehd; ra;atp iy. vd;dila Nehf;fk; mwp tpw;fhfj; jhlhe;j gbg;gj> jhlhe;j gbg;ngd;> jhlhe;j vojntd;. jhluk;... samugaatha@thaiveedu.com -

70 jha;tpl brk;gu; December 2018 Õ> \V>D ÿ V [º Vs_ ÂÁ ÿ c^ WÔµ Ôπ_ EÈ... December 01, 2018 fha;ahj;njhl;lk; - gz;bad;jho;t - <r;rnkhl;il kf;fspd; fpwp];k]; xd;w$ly; Kw;wj;J ky;ypif - uhwd;nuh gy;iyf;fof jkpo;,uf;iff;fhd epjpnru; epfo;t V.up.I. mwf;fl;lis toq;fk; fyhr;rhu epfo;r;rp fdlh jkpo;f; ftpqu; fofk; toq;fk; ftpauq;fk; cau;fy;tpf;fhd topfhl;ly; gl;liw 2018 =,uhkfpu\;z Nrthr;rpukj;jpd; gd;dpuz;lhtj khjhe;j rw;rq;fk; December 15, 2018 rgupfpuprd; ts;sptpoh ts;sp kyu; tspapl [hu;tp]; tpisahl;l fofj;jpd;,uhg;nghrd tpue;j 2018 fq;rh ghtid gw;wpa xu tpopg;gdu;t gl;liw futl;b xd;wpaj;jpd; ej;jhu; tpohtk; xd;w$lyk;,yl;rhu;r;rid - fdlh = Iag;gd;,e;J Myak; December 16, 2018 ghy;fl mgpn\fk;> =ehfuh[h cw;rtk; - fdlh = Iag;gd;,e;J Myak; December 02, 2018 t /,wk;igf;fsk; kfspu; kfh tpj;jpahya gioa khztu; rq;fk; toq;fk; fyhr;rhu epfo;tk;,uhg;nghrd tpue;jk; ehlfle;j jkpopo murhq;fk; elhj;jk; ghjthf;flg;gf;nfhuk; kf;fs; muq;fk; gpuk;ld; jkpo; xd;wpak; tule;j ghjf;$l;lk; 2018 kfprp rk;fhuk; - fdlh = Iag;gd;,e;J Myak; December 05, 2018 fdba jkpou; tu;j;jf rk;nksdk; elhj;jk; 2018k; Mz;bd; fpwp];jk]; fyf;fy; December 07, 2018 md;g ewp tulhe;j epjp Nru;,uhg;Nghrd tpue;j December 08, tJ tulhe;j ghjf;$l;lkk; `hl;yp fiy,utk; 2018 fpwp];jk]; jhj;jhtld; xu fhiy czt December 09, 2018 aho;,e;jf; fy;y}up rq;fk; fdlh tulhe;jg; ghjf;$l;lk; gpuk;ld; jkpo; xd;wpaj;jpd; ej;jhu;,uhg;nghrd tpue;j Njrghujp jptfk; Nt.,uhrypq;fk; mtu;fspd; E}y; tspapl;l tpoh fhyk; rq;rpif 52 tspapl;l epfo;t xd;uhwpnah KJ jkpou; kd;wk; elhj;jk; Nfhyhfy ej;jhu; tpoh 2018 khfhzrig cwg;gpdu; Nyhfd; fzgjp mtu;fspd; ej;jhu; tplkiwfhy tuntw;g epfo;t December 22, 2018 Njlfj;jpd; tulhe;j tplkiw xd;w$ly; 2018 Lwk; jkpo; fyhr;rhu mwptpay; rq;fj;jpd; fpwp];jk]; fnuhf;fp,ut Lwk; jkpo; fyhr;rhu mwptpay; rq;fj;jpd; rpwtu;fsf;fhd ej;jhu; fz;lhl;lk; ele;jpt xd;wpak; fdlh elhj;jk; xsptpoh December 23, 2018 fdlh jhy;fhg;gpa kd;wj;jpd; Mz;Lg; ghjf;$l;lk; 2018 MQ;rNea ahfk; - fdlh = Iag;gd;,e;J Myak; December 24, 2018 V.Mu;.u`;khd; - xu Md;kPf,ir mdgtk; December 25, 2018 fpwp];j;jk]; jpdk; ea; epug;gjy;>,ukb fl;ljy; - fdlh = Iag;gd;,e;J Myak; December 26, 2018 ea; epug;gjy;>,ukb fl;ljy; - fdlh = Iag;gd;,e;J Myak; Ngl;il Js;Sjy; - fdlh = Iag;gd;,e;J Myak; December 27, 2018 gh\h 2018k; Mz;bd; xu Fspu;fhy epfo;t ea; mgpn\fk; - fdlh = Iag;gd;,e;J Myak; fdlh jkpo; Clf kd;w Fspu;fhy xd;w$ly; aho; gy;fiyf;fof Kd;dhs; khztu;fspd; Fspu;fhy re;jpg;g 1008 fyr rq;fhgpn\fk; - fdlh = Iag;gd;,e;J Myak; December 28, 2018 Black & White Affair 2018 ea; mgpn\fk; - fdlh = Iag;gd;,e;J Myak; December 12, 2018,ilf;fhy $l;l gzpahsu;fsf;fhd r%f fuj;jf;fsk; December 14, 2018,yl;rhu;r;rid - fdlh = Iag;gd;,e;J Myak; December 29, 2018 mw;gj FLk;g ghjfhg;g epwtdj;jpd; epjpnru;,ut uhwd;nuh jkpo;r;rq;fk; elj;jk; khjhe;j,yf;fpaf; fye;jiuahly; December 31, tJ tulhe;j Nwhay;,uT Á>s D ]Ô WÔµ Ô^ ÿ V [º Vs_ ÂÁ ÿ Æ [. º\ºÈ c^ Ák iayam.et _ ]B WÔµ Ôπ_ EÈ. c Ô^ WÔµ ÔÁ D iayam.et _ ] ÿƒfk>[ JÈD [ÿ VÚ WÔµ º> ÂVπ_ Dÿ ÆkÁ> >sú Ô^

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71 jha;tpl brk;gu; December Iuhtjk; kfhnjtd;! vdj epidtp... - buhl;];fp kuj glk;: K. fpu\;zuh[h 80 fspd; filrpap,d;d Kk; ehd; kj;jpa murpd; erthsh gzpikaj;jpyp Ue;J tsptutp iy. Vw;fdNt mq;f birduhfg; gzpgupe;j fhz;bue;j kiwe;j %j;j XtpaH Mjp%yj;Jld; tp[athlhtpypue;j te;j,ize;j Ntiy ghhj;j rkak; gz;ila ekj ert El;gj;ijAk;> mjp cs;s ghuk; gupa bird;fisg; NgZtjw;Fk; mlj;j jiykiwf;ff; flj;jtjk; Mtzg; glj;jtjk;,e;j ikaj;jpd; Ntiy.,tw;wp,Ue;Jfhz;Nl XtpaH Mjp %yj;jld; ehdk; NrHe;J ghjt spap tf[d Clfq;fspd; Nghf;if khw;wk; Kidg;gp,aq;fp te;j fhyk;. mg;nghj tpfld;> Fq;Fkk; jhlhe;j gy tpahghug; gj;jpupiffspyk; vq; fs; Xtpak;,yf;fpag; gj;jpupiff isj; jhz;b epiwa tu Muk;gpj;J. erthsh gzpikaj;jpypue;nj ghj NtiyfisAk; tpuk;gpr; ra;njhk;. me;jf;fhyfl;lj;jp mytyfj; jhiy Ngrpap jpdkzp MrpupaH f];j}up uq;fd; vd;id mioj;j> xu xukzp Neuk; jpdkzp mytyfj;jpw;f te;j Nghf KbAkh vd;w mioj;jhh. mg; NghJ ehq;fs; fizahopf;fk; jhlhe;j gq;fspj;j tufpnwhk;. mz;zhrhiy apnyna vq;fs; mytyfkk;,ue;j jh mq;f rd;wtpl;nld;. rkpgj;jp MrpupaH ghwg;g vlj;jpue;j Iuhtjk; kfhnjtd; cq;fisg; ghhf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;w $wpajh epq;fs; miof;fg;gl; buf;fpwphfs; vd;whh f];j}upuq;fd;. jpu. Mjp%yk; mtiug; gw;wp vdf;f tpupthfr; rh ypapue;jhh. vdj gy ez;ghfs; %y%k; mwpe;jpue;njd;. Iuhtjk; kfhnjtd; jpdkzpf;f te; jtld; jkpo; kzp vd;w,izg;ig Muk;gpj;jpUe;jhH. vd;id MrpupaH miwf;ff; $l;br;rd;w f];j}upuq;fd; mwpkfg;glj;jpdhh. mwpkfg;glj;jpa clndna vdj Xtpaq;fisg; gw;wp cskhug; ghuhl;bdhh. ehd; mtiu tzq;fp epd;nwd;. me;j thu Kj gf;ff;fl;liuap ehd; tiue; jpue;j jh$h glj;ij rpyhfpj;j cld;,dpnk jkpo; kzpapd; Kj gf;ff; fl;liuak; cq;fs; rpj;jpukk; jhd; mjd; milahsk;. jhlhe;j,iltp lhj gq;fspaq;fs; vd;wk; rh yp tpl;l> vdj erthsh gzpikak; gw; wpf; Nfl;L kfpo;e;j clndna> mj l ypf;f mlj;j,e;jpah KOtJk; fhz;l tug;gl;lnghj jhd; jhd; Kj mjpfhup vd;wk;> mij rd;idap ephkhzk; ra;jjk; jhd; jhd; vd;wk; $wpanghj ehd; FWf;fpl;L jpu. Mjp%yk; rh yp,uf;fpwhh vd;wt ld;,q;f jhd;,d;dk;,uf;fpwhh! ehd;,ue;j NghJ te;j,ize;j fhz;lth vd;w epidt $He;jhH. jhlhe;j mtiu mf;fhyfl;lq;fsp re;jpf;fk; tha;g;gg; gw;nwd;. jkpo; kzp ap jhd; ehd; tiue;j gy jkpo; mwpqhfs; xtpaq;fs; tspte; jd. jhlhe;j vbl;nuhwpa Xtpaq;fs; gy ehd; gupl;rhhj;jkhfr; ra;jit gupjk; ghuhl;lg;gl;ld. mth jdj ghuhl;ilak; jhiyngrpap rh thh. jkpo; kzpap jhd; jkpiof; Fwpf;f m yj jkpo;rhhe;j m yj jkpof;f NeHtJ vd;gd Fwpj;J fl; LiufSf;F Xtpak; jpl;lk; NghJ jkp iof; Fwpf;f Xtpaj;jp m itak; o itak; xu FwpaPlhfg; gad;glj;jp Kjyp gof;fg;glj;jpndd;.,d;w mj KOtJkhf Vw;Wf; fhs; sg;gl;l> mj topap gad;glj;jg; gl;lk; Rygkhf mwpatk; glg;glfpwj. mij,g;nghj epidf;fk; NghJ vdj Kaw;rpia mt;tg;nghj ghuhl;b kfpo;e;j [uhtjk; kfhnjtidak; epid tp fhs;fpnwd;.,d;dk; rh yg; gy tplaq;fs;,uf;fpwd jhd;. gpd;ehsp mtiuj; jhlhe;j re;jpf;fk; tha;g;ig,oe;njd;. vd;whyk; 2000 thf;fp jpuk;g vdj ez;ghfs; %ykk; Fwpg;ghf rhuq;fd; (F. mofpuprhkpapd; kfd;) mtuld; NrHe;J gazpj;jij Ak; kw;wk; ez;gh fhe;jpuh[d; rh yf; Nfl;Lk; mtuj mhg;gzpg;igak; NeHikiaAk; MHtj;ijAk; fz;l tpag;ngd;. jkpo;j;jhd;ikia jd; flk; ciog; gh jhd; epwtpdhh. jkpo; khop> gz; ghl;bd; rpwg;ig cyfpw;f vlj;j itj;j KiwahYk; jkpo; cs;stiu mth Gfo; epiyj;jpuf;fk;. fpl;lj;jl;l Ik;gJ Mz;LfSf;F NkNyhf jkpo; Ma;tp mth ghhitak; gq;f spg;gk; jkpo; r%fj;jpw;f mth mspj; jpuf;fk; fhil MFk;. jkpo; gpuhkpf; f tl;lfs; %yk; jkpo; voj;jpd; jhd;ikia epwtpaj kl; Lk; m yhj md;iwa r%fj;jp,e;j kjj;jpd; jlak; vjtk; fpilahj vd; gijak; Mjhuq;fSld; epwtpath. rpe;jtspg;gz;ghl jpuhtplg; gz;ghl jhd; vd;wk; jkpo; gpuhkp voj;jfs; jkpo; voj;jfspd; Ke;ij tbtq;fs; jhd; vd;wk; ek;gfj;jd;ik kpf;f Kiwap cwjp ra;jth. vdj ez; guk; vdj kjiuj; NjhoUkhd R. ghyfpu\;dd; (I.A.S) mthfs; Iuht jk; kfhnjtdpd; topfhl;ljyp,aq;fp tutjk; vdf;f jdpg;gl;l Kiwap kfpo;r;rp. Iuhtjk; kfhnjtd; Kd;dLj;j Ma;T top jkpo;khopapd;> gz;ghl;bd; jdpj; Jtj;ij cyfpw;f vlj;jr; rh Yk; jhlh ciog;gk;,isa r%fj;ij cuthf;ftjnk ehk; mtuf;fr; ra; Ak; mq;ryp MFk;. trotskymarudu@thaiveedu.com

- 70 - jha;tpl brk;gu; December 2018 jhiye;jj jh ypa JUg;G..! jp dkzp ehspjopd; Kd;dhs; MrpupaH... jh ypa mwpqh.

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Iuhtjk; kfhnjtdpd; kiwt Fwpj;J epidtiyfshfg; gfpug;gl;l fuj;jf spw; rpy... voj;jhsh utpf;fkhupd; mq;rypf; Fwpg;gp... jkpo;f;f tl;ba Jiw Ma;TfSf; Fg; GJ uj;jk; gha;r;rpatuk; rk;khop vd;w rpwg;g jkpof;ff; fpilg;gjw;ff; fhuzkhd mjd; jhd;ikia epwt mbg;gilahf mike;j jkpo; gpuhkp f tl;lfisf; fz;lgpbj;jj;jhfj;j tukhd mwpqh Iuhtjk; kfhnjtd; fhykhdhh vd;w ra;jp NgujpHr;rp mspf;fpwj. - mk;%h [af;fkhh - Njtd; gzpahw;wpdhh. mjjhd; cz; ikap jkpo; etpd,yf;fpaj;jpd; jpug;gkid. jkpo; etpd voj;j vd;gj KOf;f KOf;f rpw;wpjo;r; R+oyp >,UE}W thrfhfsf;fs; xlq;fpapue; jj. jkpo; kzpap Vuhskhd rpw;wpjo;rhh voj;jhshfs; vojpdh. mj xu gupa jhlf;fk;. md;w Re;juuhkrhkp rhd; dhh> GJikg;gpj;jd;q;fpw Ngiu jpdkzp mbf;fkh> mbr;rh mr;rhfkhd;nd re;njfk;,ue;jpr;r.,g;g mj jpe;jp Ur;R. Iuhtjk; kfhnjtdf;f etpdj; jkpo; voj;jhshfs;> thrfhfs; mid tunk fld;gl;ls;sdh. khopgahg;ghsuk; jkpowpqu khd vk;.v. RrPyhtpd; mq;rypf; Fwpg;gp... rpe;j rktsp ehfupfj;njhl jpuhtpl jkpo;ehl;bys;s jpur;rp khtl;lk; kz; zr;re Y}up 1930k; Mz;L mf;nlhgh 02k; ehs; gpwe;jhh Iuhtjk; kfhnjtd;. cs;@up gs;spg;gbg;igj; jhlhe;j jpur;rp J}a tsdhh f Y}upapYk; gpd; dh rd;idg; g fiyf;fofj;jpyk; gl;lg;gbg;ig Kbj;jhH. gzp... jkpo; khop Ma;T Kj 1981 tiu,e;jpa Ml;rpg; gzpap gzpiaj; jhlhe;jhh. gpd;dh 1987 Kj 1991 tiu jpdkzp,jopd; Mrpupauhfg; gzpahw;wpdhh.,e;jpa Ml;rpg;gzpap,Uf;Fk; NghNj jdj jdpg;gl;l khop MHtj;jh jkpo; khop Fwpj;j Ma;tp <Lgl;L te;jhh. Fwpg;ghf> f tl;lj; Jiwap jd;id <LgLj;jpf;fhz;L mj;jiwapd; Kjd;ik Ma;thsHfsp xutuhfj; jpfo;e;jhh. tuyhw;w Ma;thsuhd Nf.V. epyfz;l rh];jpup mthfs;jhk;,tiu,j;j iwf;f Mw;Wg;gLj;jpdhH Iuhtjk; kfhnjtdplk; Nf.V. epyfz;l rh];jpup> jkpofj;jpd; rkzf; Fiffsp gy f tl;lfs; cs;s jhftk;> mit jhd;ikahd gpuhkp voj;jfsp jkpop vojg;gl;ls;sjh ftk; mit Kiwahf thrpf;fg;gl tp iy vd;wk; $wpdhh. Vw;fdNt gpuhkp ypgpap Iuhtjk; kfhnjtdf;f MHtKk; mwpkfkk;,ue;jj. Gf@H Fifap,Ue;j f tl;il mth thrpj;j tspapl;lnjhl>,e;j voj;j tbit jkpo;gpuhkp vd mth jkpoy Ff;F milahsg;glj;jpdhh. jhlhe;j Iuhtjk; kfhnjtd; rq;f fhyj;ijr; NrHe;j Kf;fpakhd f tl; Lfs; rpytw;iwf; fz;lile;jhh. mjw; NfhH cjhuzk;jhd; Nfusj;jp vlf;f Fifap cs;s jkpo; gpuhkpf;f tl;l MFk;. mj fpl;lj;jl;l kiyahskh fnt,ue;jj. fp.gp.ehd;fhk; E}w;whz; ilr;nrhe;j f tl;l mjthfk;. kiy ahsj;jpd; jhd;ikiaf; Fwpf;Fk; f tl;lhf,d;w mj fujg;glfpwj. gpioahfnth NghjhikfSlNdh thrpf;fg;gl;l f tl;lfs; gytw;iw tpupthd kwthrpg;gf;f cl;glj;jpdhh. rq;ffhy kd;dhfspd; gahfis mtw; wp fz;lile;jhh. jh ypa rhd;w fsld; rq;ffhyj;ij,e;jpa Ma;Tg; Gyj;jp epwtpdhh. mnjngh > jpdkzpap Iuhtjk; kfh gl;bue;j murhfspd; gahfs; Fwpj; jhd ra;jpia tspf;fhzhe;jijahl;b khehl;lf;f kfhnjtd; miof; fg;gl;bue;jhh. khehl;b fye;jfhz;l jkpopd; jhd;ik Fwpj;J jhd; Ma;e; jijr; rpwg;giuahf Mw;wpdhH. jkpo; gpuhkp voj;jfsf;fhd jpul;l xd;iw Ak; tspapl;lhh vd;gj Fwpg; gplj;jf;fjhfk;. Ma;T mwptpg;gk;... gw;w tpujfsk;... f tl;bayp jkpo; voj;jfs; Fwpj;j Ma;Tfis Nkw;fhz;l,tH> 1970 jhlq;fp> gy Mz;Lfshf Kad;W rpe;j rktsp voj;jfisg; gw;wpa Ma;T Nkw;fhz;L> rpe;j rktsp ehfupf voj;jfs; jpuhtpl voj;j tif iar; NrHe;jitNa vd;w Kbtpid mwptpj;jhh. khop Fwpj;j jh yha;tpidj; jha; tpd;wpj; jhlhe;j khfhnjtd; gpd;dh sp jkpowpqhfspd; ghuhl;lfisak; jkpo;khop tuyhw;wpd; jhd;ikia Ma;e;J mwptpj;j guikfisak; gw;wnjhl Kf;fpa tpujfisak; gw;w Gfoj;jf;ftuhdhH.,e;jpa mur toq; Fk; 2009k; Mz;Lf;fhd gj;k= tpujk; Nf.tp.Rg;ukzpa ma;ah> jp.eh. Rg;uk zpak; Mfpa,U mwpqhfspd; kfj;jhd gq;fspg;gfsf;fg; gpd;duk; jha;t ile;j fple;j jkpo;ehl;l f tl;ba Jiw Ma;itj;jdJ flk; ciog;gh > Ma;Tj; jpwj;jh cyf muq; Ff;F vlj;jr;rd;wth Iuhtjk; kfhnjtd;. Kg;gj;jl;L Mz;Lfhyk; cioj;j mth cuthf;fpa goe;jkpo;f;f tl; Lfs; Fwpj;j Ma;T E} (Early Tamil Epigraphy, Harward Uiversity Press ad CreA ),e;jpa tuyhw vd;whny mj tl,e;jpa tuyhwjhd; vd;wpue;j epiyia khw;wtjw;f cjtpaj. jkpo; gpuhkp vd mtuh miof;fg;g Lk; goe;jkpo; voj;jfisak; Muk;g fhy tl;loj;jfisak; Gupe;Jfhs;s KOikahdjhU topfhl;bahf mj tpsq;ffpwj. ghj rfhg;jj;jf;f Kd; (fp.k.),uz;lhk; E}w;whz;lstpy; jkpofj;jp,ue;j f tp epiyia Ak; mj vlj;jf;fhl;lfpwj. mtuf;f vdj mq;ryp. vd;w $wpas;shh. voj;jhsh [ankhfdpd; mq;rypf; Fwpg;gp fhyfl;lj;jp jpdkzp ehspjopd; Mrpupauhf Iuhtjk; kfh- khopfs; fhz;buf;fk; cwitf; Nfhl;ghl;L upjpahf epwtp> Ntj fhyj; Jf;Fk; %j;j jpuhtplkhopfspd; jhd; ikia epwtpa kpfr; rpwe;j Ma;ths Uk; gpuhkp voj;jfis thrpj;jg;ghus; fhs;s topaikj;jj; je;jtuk;> f tl;l> jh ypa Jiwap Kd;Ndh bakhd KJgUk; mwpqh jpu. Iuh tjk; kfhnjtd; fhykhd ra;jp tuj; jkspf;fpwj. elepiy jtwhj khop rhhe;j Ma;Tfis,isa jiykiw apdh mlj;j fl;lj;jf;f NkYk; Kd; dlj;jr;r tnj mtuf;fr; ra;ak; ghuj;jkhd mq;rypahf mikak;. mwptj; Jiwap guk; gha;r;riy epfo;j;jpa md;dhupd; kiwtf;f Mo;e;j,uq;f vdf; Fwpg;gpl;Ls;shH. etk;gh khjj;jpd;,wjp thuk; Iuh tjk; kfhnjtdpd; kiwt Fwpj;j ehshf,ue;jhyk; jkpo;j;jhz;l... jh yp a Ma;T... f tl;ba Muha;r;rp vd mtuj epidtiyfs; jkpo; cs; stiu epf;fkw epiwe;jpuf;fk;. jkpo;,yf;fpa tuyhw;wp mopahj Rtl;NlhL gjpe;jpuf;fk;. jha;tpl jdj,ja mq;rypiag; gjpt ra;fpwj..!

jha;tpl brk;gu; December 2018-71 - gioa rhw;fs; Gjpa kuf Iuhtjk; kfhnjtdpd; voj;jg; gazk; r HtNjr mstp jh ypa epgzhfs; kj;jpap gpugy khd gah Iuhtjk; kfh- Njtd;.

73 jha;tpl brk;gu; December gioa rhw;fs; Gjpa kuf Iuhtjk; kfhnjtdpd; voj;jg; gazk; r HtNjr mstp jh ypa epgzhfs; kj;jpap gpugy khd gah Iuhtjk; kfh- Njtd;.,e;jpa tpljiyg; Nghuhl;l fhyj;jpypue;j b.v];. rhf;fypq;fk;> V.vd;. rptuhkd; Nghd;w jiyrpwe;j gj;jpupifahshfs; MrpupaHfshf,Ue;j jpdkzp ehspjof;fk; mth Mrpupauhf,Ue;J mthfs; tpl;lr; rd;w e y kugfisak; gz;ghlf isak; fl;bf; fhj;j guik NrHj;j th. f tl;l voj;jk; mr;r voj;jk; mtiu Ml;fhz;lJ. I.V.v];. mjp fhupahf,ue;j mth> jh ypap JiwapYk; gj;jpupif JiwapYk; jdj jdp Kj;jpiuiag; gjpj;j ekj gu ikf;f cupatuhf,uf;fpwhh. jpur;rp khtl;lk; kzr;re Y}up 1930 gpwe;j mth> jpur;rp Nrapd;l; N[hrg; f Y}upap,d;lHkPbaH gbj;jhh. mtu; lhf;luhf Ntz;Lk; vd;gj mtuj je;ijapd; tpug;gk;. mjp,lk; fpilf; fhjij mlj;j rd;id tpntfhde;jh f Y}upap gp.v];.rp Ntjpap gbj;j tpl;l kpz;lk; lhf;luhf Ntz;Lk; vd;w epidj;jhh. me;j ehsp gp.v];.rp. gbj;j tpl;lk; vk;.gp.gp.v];. gbf;f tha;g;g,ue;jj. MdhYk; $l vjph ghhj;j mst gl;lg;gbg;gp kjpg;gz; fpilf;ftp iy vd;gjh rd;id rl; lf;f Y}upap NrHe;J gbj;jhh. tof; fwpquhfr; rpwpj fhyk; gzpahw;wpdhh. tof;fwpqh gzp ra;j ghushjhu upjpahf jdpj;j,aq;f ehshfk; vd;w vz;zj;jp 1953k; Mz;b rptp rh tp]; NjHTfis mth vojpdhh. 23 tajhd mth> jkpo; ehl;bypue;j NjHr;rp gw;wthfspnyna Kj khz tuhfj; jpfo;e;jhh. I.V.v];. Kj epiyap,ue;j rpyiu NeU mioj;j mthfis I.v/g;.v];. gzpap NrUk; gb $wpdhh.,ijalj;j I.v/g;.v]; gapw;rpap NrHe;j %d;w khjq;fsf; Fs;shf I.V.v];. gzpap NrHe;J ehl; bd; tshr;rpg; gzpfsp <Lgl tpuk; gpdhh.,ijalj;j> [t`hyh NeU Tf;F fbjk; vojp I.V.v]; gzpf;f khw;wpf;fhz;lhh. I.V.v];. gzpf;fj; jpuk;ghk I.vg;.v];. gzpapnyna,ue;jpue;jh tspehlfsp gzp ahw;wp Xa;T gw;wpug;ghh. mth I.V.v];. gzpiaj; NjHe;jLj; jjh >,e;jpahtpnyna gzp ra;ak; tha;g;gf; fpilj;jj jh ypap Jiwf; Ff;fpilj;j NgW vd;wh kpifap iy. gs;spf; fhyj;jpnyna rpe;jtsp ehf upfk; gw;wp mtuf;f MHtk; jiya Lf;fj; jhlq;fptpl;lj tzpftpa mikr;rfj;jp gzpap,ue;j NghJ mtuj mytyfj;jpw;f munf Njrpa muq;fhl;rpafj;jpypue;j rp. rptuhk %Hj;jpiar; re;jpj;jg; NgRk; tha;g;gk; fpilj;jh f tl;l voj;jfs; Ma; tp NkYk; jptpu MHtk; fhz;lhh. jh ypap Jiwap <LghL fhuz khf jkpofj;jp kiyg;gfjpfs; cs; spl;l g NtW,lq;fSf;F Neup rd;w jft fisg; gjpt ra;tjp MHtk; fhl;bdhh. jkpofj;jp f tl;l voj;jf;fs; Muha;r;rpap mtuj gq;f Kf;fpaj;Jtk; tha;e;jj vd;gij mth vojp tspapl;l E} fspypue;nj jupe;j fhs;s KbAk;. I.V.v];. gzpapypue;j tpug;g Xa;T gw;wpue;j epiyap >,e;jpad; vf;]; gpu]; mjpgh Nfhaq;fhtpd; Ntz;L Nfhis Vw;W jpdkzpap Mrpupag; gzpapyk; NrHe;jhH. mtuf;f jkpop MHtk; cz;nl jtpu> gj;jpupifj; Jiwap mdgtk;,ue;jjp iy. Mdh > V.vd;.rptuhkd; gzp Xa;Tf; Fg; gpwf jpdkzp MrpupaH ghwg;ig Vw;w Iuhtjk; kfhnjtd;> me;jg; gzpiaak; ed;f mwpe;j fhz;l rpwg;ghfnt ra;jpuf;fpwhh. 1987k; Mz;b jpdkzpf;f Mrpupauhf te; jjk; mth ra;j rpy gzpfs; Kf;fp akhdit. gj;jpupifap gupahupd; voj;jr; rphjpuj;jj;ij mwpkfg;glj; jpajk; gj;jpupifapd; mikg;gkiw ap fhyj;jf;nfw;w tbtikg;g khw; wq;fisf; fhz;l te;jjk; mtuj rhjidfs;. mj;jld; ra;jpfis e y jkpop fhz;l tutjw;fhd Kaw;rpfisAk; ra;jhh. jpdkzpapd; thu,izg;gfshf jkpo;kzp> jpdkzp RlH Mfpatw;iwf; fhz;l te;jhh. 1987k; Mz;bypUe;J 1991k; Mz;Lf; Fs; Mrpupauhf,Ue;j FWfpa fhyj; jpw;fs;,e;jg; gzpfisr; ra;jpuf; fpwhh.,ija yhk; tpl Fwpg;gplj; jf;fj MrpupaH vd;w ghwg;gf;f cupa fsutj;ijak; fk;gpuj;ij tplhk fhg;ghw;wpapuf;fpwhh. jpdkzpap Mrpupauhfg; ghwg;ngw;w Jk; gupahupd; rphjpuj;j voj;jf;fis jpdkzpap mwpkfg;glj;jpaj gyiuak; Mr;rupag;gLj;jpaJ. mjtiu tpljiy ehspjok; mijalj;j jpd kyh ehspjok; jhd; gupahh mwpk fg;glj;jpa rphjpuj;j voj;jf;fisg; gad;glj;jp te;jd. jpdkzpap mth voj;jr; rphjpuj;jj;ijf; fhz;l te; jij mlj;j kw;w gj;jpupiffsk; gupahh voj;jr; rphjpuj;jj;jpw;f khwpd.,j mtuj Kaw;rpf;Ff; fpilj;j tw; wpahff; fujyhk;. jkpo; voj;jr; rphjpuj;jj;ij thrfhfs; Vw;Wf;fhz; lij xu tw;wpahff; fujfpd;nwd;. Kj ehshd;w te;j xu fbjk; tpl jiy,jof;fg; Ngha;r; Nru Ntz; ba MrpupaH jpdkzpf;ff; fpilj;j tpl;lhh vd;w xu fbjk; te;jj. mij tspapl;nld;. mijj; jhlhe;j gy khzthfs;,g;ghoj cs;s jpdkzp voj;jf;fisj;jhd; vq;fsh gbf;f KbfpwJ vd;w vojpdhhfs;. Mf mj,d;wstk; epiyj;j tpl; lj vd;w mth Neup NgRk; NghJ Fwpg;gpl;lhH. jpdkzp,jop gupahh voj;jr; rphjpuj;jk; Vd; gad;glj;jg; glfpwj vd;gij tpsf;fp xu fl;l iuna vojpdhh. Vwf;Fiwa Ik;gJ Mz;LfSf;F Kd;dH gupahh mthfs; jkpop rpy voj;jf;fisj; jpuj;jpaikj;j mtw; iwj; jkpo; kf;fs; Vw;f Ntz;Lkd;W tpljiy Kjypa tspaplfs; %yk;,iltplhj gpurhuk; ra;jhh. zh> - ghd;. jdnrfud; - wh> dh> iz> iy> is> id vd;w voj;jf;fis khw;wpaikj;jj mth jhd;. jkpowpqhfspd; goik gw;wpdh Yk; murpa tpug;g twg;gfshyk; gupahh voj;jfs; ghjthf Vw; Wf; fhs;sg;glhk,ue;jd rpy Mz;LfSf;F Kd;dH jkpo;ehl mur gupahh voj;jf;fis mq;fpfupj;j Miz gpwg;gpj;j gpwf,t;toj;jf; fs; ghlg; Gj;jfq;fspYk; kw;w E} fspyk; gutyhf cgnahfj;jp te;j tpl;ld.,d;w gs;spfsp gbf;fk; rpw thfsh zh> iy Nghd;w gioa voj;jfis milahsk; fz;lfhs;s KbahJ vd;nw rh yhk;.,e;epiy ap ehkk;,g;gjpa voj;jf;fisf; ifahz;lh jhd;,isa jiykiw apdh ehk; vojtijg; Gupe;Jfhs;s KbAk;. ehk;,g;gjpa voj;jf;fis Vw;fhtpb ehk; vojtij KjpNah Uk; f tl;l Muha;r;rpahsUNk gbj; jwpak; epiy te;jtplk; (jpdkzp )vd;W mg;nghj mth Fwpg; gpl;lhh. voj;jf;fs; xu khopiag; gjpt ra;a cjtk; futpfns. xu khopia tt;ntw voj;jfspyk; gy khopfis xnu tpjkhd voj;j KiwapYk; voj,ayk; vd;w Fwpg;gpLk; Iuh tjk; kfhnjtd;> cyfpys;s v yh voj;j tbtq;fsk; fhyg;nghf;fp gbg;gbahf khwp te;js;sd vd;gij Ak; mth Rl;bf;fhl;bAs;shH. f;upahtpd; jw;fhyj; jkpo; mfuhjpapd; Kj gjpg;g tspahdnghj mth jkpo;kzpap ( ) vojpa Gj; jf kjpg;giuap $wpas;s tp\aq;fs;,d;iwf;fk; epidj;jg; ghhf;f itf; fpwj. mjpypue;j xu gfjp:,e;jg; gj;jpupif ehd; thq;fpaj.,e;j thf;fpaj;jpd; ghus; cq;fsf;f tpsq;ffpwj m yth? Mdh,jd; ghus; jh fhg;gpauf;nfh> jputs; StUf;Nfh Gupe;jpUf;fhJ vd;w tpag; ghd cz;ikiar; Rl;bf;fhl;bdhH ( jkpopd; kwkyhr;rp vd;w jhfjpap rh tuyhw;w epajp vd;w fl;liu iag; ghhf;ftk;).,e;j vd;w rh jh fhg;gpaj;jpnyh> jpuf;fwspnyh> gj;jg;ghl;l> vl;lj; jhif Mfpa rq;f,yf;fpaq;fspnyh fhzg;gltp iy. gj;jpupif vd;w tl khopr;rh Yf;F Kw;fhyj;jp,iy m yj Xiy vd;w ghus;fns,ue;jd. ehnshl vd;w ghusp,e;jr;rh 19k; E}w;whz;bd;,ilf; fhyj;jpypue;j jhd; toq;fj; jhlq; fpas;sj. (,d;dk; rpy Mz;Lfsp itahgupg; gps;isapd; fhyj;jp gu tof;fpypue;j gj;jpupif vd;w rh Yk; tuq;fhyj; jkpop,lk; gwhk Nghfyhk; vd;gijak;,q;f Fwpg;gplNtz;Lk;.) ehd; vd;w rh Yk; Nkw;$wpa rq;f,yf;fpaq;fsp fhzg;gltp iy. ahd; vd;gnj me;jf; fhyj;jpa tof;fhfk;. thq;fpaj vd; gj goe;jkpoh rh yhapdk;> tpiy fhlj;jg; gw;wf; fhz;lj vd;w ghusp rq;f fhyj;jpw;fg; gpwf jhd; toq;fj; jhlq;fpaj. Mifah jhlu;jy; 72k; gf;fk;

74 jha;tpl brk;gu; December 2018 gioa rhw;fs;... 71k; gf;fj; jhlhr;rp... epq;fs; jh fhg;gpauplnkh> jputs; StuplNkh>,e;jg; gj;jpupif ehd; thq;fpaj vd;w,d;iwa jpdkzp ia epl;bdh mg;guk; GytHfs; epq;fs; NgRk; khop vd;dtd;nw Gupahk tpopg;ghhfs;! (,d;iwa jpdkzp ap cs;s voj;jfisak; mthfsh gbf;f KbahJ.) fd;dpj; jkpo; vd;gj XH mofhd fw; gidna. cz;ikap jkpok; kw;w capnuhl;lks;s cyf khopfs; midj;ijak; NghyNt fhye;njhwk; khwp khwp te;js;sj.,d;dk; rh yg; Nghdh fhye;njhwk; khw;wq;fisg; gw;w gufp tutnj XH capus;s khopf;fg; guikahfk;...,g;gb mtuj tpkhrd fl;liu jhlhfpwj. jpdkzp gj;jpupifap Mq;fpyr;rhw; fisf; Fiwj;J tlkhopr; rhw;f isf; Fiwj;Jk; e y jkpop voj Ntz;Lk; vd;w mf;fiwald; ra gl;l mij ra glj;jpajp mt Uf;F Kf;fpag; gq;f,uf;fpwj. jkpo; thhj;ijfisg; gad;glj;jtjp vg; gbg; gad;glj;jtj vd;gjp mtuj mzfkiw vj;jifaj vd;gijj; jupe;j fhs;s Ntz;Lk;. fhiyap voe;j ehnsl;ilg; gpupj; Jg; ghhj;jtld;,d;dhu cahkl;lf; FO mikf;fg;gl;buf;fk; ra;jp ek; fz;iz cwj;jfpwj. jkpo;,yf;fpaj;jp fhzg;glhj cah kl;lk; vd;w mofw;w rh jhlh vg; gb,d;iwa tof;fp te;jj?,j High Level vd;w Mq;fpyr;rh jhl upd; NeH khopgahg;ghfk;. jkpop kl;lk; vd;w rh rkepiy (Level)vd;w ghuisj; je;jhyk;,r; rh jho;t. fpo;ik> rpwik vd;w ghu sp jhd; guthupahf toq;ffpwj. mtd; kl;lkhdtd;: kl;lkhd elj;ij> Ngr;R kl;lk; jl;lj Nghd;w tof;f fisf; ftdpf;ftk;. kl;l> kl;lk; vd;w rhw;fsf;ff; FiwT vd;gj jhd; mbg;gilg; ghushfk;.,e;j Nehf; fp cah vd;gjk; kl;lk; vd;gjk; vjph kiwg; ghus;fisna jufpd;wd. e yntisahf cahkl;lk; vd;w rh cuthfkd;dnu ekj gs;spfsf;f Nk epiy (Nkdpiy) m yj cah epiy vd;w gaupl;l tpl;lhhfs;., iyad;wh,d;w cah f tpak; cah kl;lf; f tp Mfptpl;bUf;Fk;. jpdkzpap cah kl;lk; vd;w,g; ghoj vojtjp iy. cahepiy m yj Nkdpiy vd;w rhw;fisna gad;glj;jfpnwhk;. cahepiy>,il epiy> filepiy vd;w mofpa ghus; epiwe;j rhw;fs;,uf;fk;nghj cah kl;lj;ijak; mbkl;lj;ijak; ehl Ntz;lhNk vd;w jpdkzp jkpo; kzp ap ( ) gioa rhw;fs; Gjpa guf vd;w jiyg;gp vojpa gf jpap mth vojpas;shh. jpdkzpap ehs;njhwk; tuk; ra;jpfisg; ghwj;j ve;j tpjkhd thhj; ijfisg; gad;glj;j Ntz;Lk; vd; gijf; Fwpg;gpl;L MrpupaH FOtpd Uf;F Fwpg;Gfshf vojp mdg;gthh. ra;jp vojk;nghj> jpdkzp Mrpup ah FOtpdUk; epughfsk; mjidg; gpd;gw;wntz;lk;. gj;jpupifahshfisr; Rje;jpukhf vojtjw;f mdkjpf;fk; mnj Neuj;jp gj;jpupifap jtw Vw;gl;L tplf;$lhj vd;gjpyk; fwhuhf mth,ug;ghh. gj;jpupifap gzpgup gthfsp tp\aq;fis mwpe;jthf splk; mjfwpj;j fuj;jf;fisf; Nfl; lwpatk; jaq;fpajp iy. rupahd fuj; Jfis Vw;fTk; jtwpajp iy. mtuj jkpo; MHtk; fhuzkhf jpdkzpap > uh\;bugjp vd;gj FbauRj; jiyth vd;w MdJ. Nyhf;rgh kf; fsit MfpaJ. uh[;a rgh khepyq;f sit MfpaJ. Nfrl; vd;gjw;f xypg; Ngio> xspg;ngio vd;w rhw;fisf; fhz;l tuf; fhuzkhf,ue;jth mthjhd;. r];gd;\d; (Suspesio) vd;gjw;f r];gz;l ra;jhhfs; vd;w vojp te;j epiy khwp gzp,il epf;fk; vd;w rh iy fhz;ltuf; fhuzkhf,ue;jth mth. mth Mrpupauhf,Ue;jNghJ epugh fsk; Jiz MrpupaHfSk; gpd;gw;w Ntz;bait vd;w Fwpg;gpl;L vojp mdg;gpa Fwpg;Gfs;,d;iwf;Ff; fhzhk NghdJ gj;jpupifahshf Sf;F Vw;gl;l,og;G vd;w jhd; rh y Ntz;Lk;. jpdkzp gj;jpupifahshfs; gpd;gw;w Ntz;Lk; vd;w Iuhtjk; kfhnjtd; vojp mdg;gpa Fwpg;GfspypUe;J rpy vdj epidtfspypue;j... gq;rnyhfr;rpiy vd;w rh yf;$lhj. rg;gr;rpiyfs; vd;w voj Ntz;Lk;. rg;gr; rpiyfsp gq;rnyhfq;fs;, iy. NkYk;,t;thW $Wtjhdh rpiy vd;nw voj Ntz;Lk; kidtp vd;w rh Yf;Fg; gjpyhfj; Jiztp vd;w voj Ntz;lhk;. kidtp (Wife), Jiztp (Compaia) vd;w,u rhw; fsk; tt;ntw ghus; juk;. epq;fs; jh fhg;gpauplnkh> jputs; StuplNkh>,e;jg; gj;jpupif ehd; thq;fpaj vd;w,d;iwa jpdkzp ia epl;bdh mg;guk; GytHfs; epq;fs; NgRk; khop vd;dtd;nw Gupahk tpopg;ghhfs;! rhw;fisak; gad;glj;jyhk;. tulk; vd;w vojtj fhjf;f,dpikahf, iy.,jnghy tp\k;> tpnr\k; vd;w rhw;fis eq;r> rpwg;g vd;w jkpo;glj;jyhk;. mdh > tplk;> tpnr lk; vd;w vojtj ed;whapuhj. RKf khf vd;gj rup R%fkhf vd;gj jtw. \> [> ]p> ` vd;w ehd;f fpue;j voj;jfis cupa,lj;jp gad;g Lj;j jaf;fk; fhl;lf;$lhj. (ck;) `pe;j> `up[d;> i`juhghj;> `pkhr ygpunjrk;. Mdh rhw;fspd; eltp ` vd;w voj;ij f vd;w vojtj jkpo; kughfk; (c/k;) kfhuh[h> my fhghj;. g;uzt KfH[p vd;gj rupahdnj vd; whyk; mg;gb voj Ntz;lhk;. gpu zhg; KfH[p vd;w tq;fhsp khop kugpnyna vojtk;. rhf;fhupah vd;w vojtj rup Nkfhya> Nkfhyaj;jp vd;wk; jpupguh> jpupguhtp vd;wk; voj Ntz;Lk;. fofk; vd;w rh iyj; jkpo;ehl mur epwtdq;fsf;f kl;lnk gad;glj;j Ntz;Lk;. (c/k;) g ytd; Nghf;Ft uj;jf; fofk; kw;wgb fk;gdp> fhhg; ghnu\d;>,d;];bl;a+l; Nghd;w Mq; fpy rhw;fsf;f epwtdk; vd;w rh iyg; gad;glj;jyhk;. (c/k;) Life Isurace Corporatio vd;gij MAs; fhg;gpl;l epwtdk; vd;w khopg ahf;fyhk;. NkYk; epiyak;> ];jhgdk;> ikak; Nghd;w rhw;fis,lkwpe;j gad;glj;jyhk;. Compay, Corporatio vd;w Mq;fpyr; rhw;fis mg;gbna xypgahj;j vojpdhyk; jtwp iy. capuoj;jf;fsp jhlq;fk; rhw; fs; Kd;dh XH vd;wk; ka;aoj;,ijnghynt khopap kl;lk yhk > tbtikg;g %ykk; jpdkzpf;f etpd Kfk; fhlf;f Kad;whH kfhnjtd;. jpdkzpapd; jiyg;g voj;j tbtj;ijf; fhyj;jf;nfw;w Kiwap khw;wp mikj;jjld; Kj gf;fj;ijak; Mq;fpyg;gj;jpupif Nghd;w Njhw;wj;ij Vw;gLj;j Kad;whH. Jfsp jhlq;fk; rhw;fsf;f Kd; dh xu vd;wk; voj Ntz;Lk; (XH CH> xu fpuhkk;) jiyg;gfs;,u tupfsp tukhdh Kj tupapd; Kbtp xw;w Njitap iy. fhlk; ghtp vupg;g vd;w tuf;$lhj. cut ghk;ik vupg;g vd;w voj Ntz;Lk;. Ig;ghid rg;ghd; vd;nwh [Hkdpia rukdp vd;nwh vojtjpyk; mt Uf;F <LghL fpilahj. me;j jptpu vz;zj;ijf; fhz;lh ghj kf;f splk; ehk; Ngha;r;Nru KbahJ. mnj Nghy fpuhkg;gwj;jpny kpfr; rhjhu zkhfg; gad;glj;jk; tlkhopr;rhw; fis epf;ftk; Kaytp iy vd;gjp Iuhtjk; jspthf,ue;jhh. mj;jld;> rh ypnyak; xu ehfupfk;,uf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;gij typawj;j thh. jutp xu tpgj;j ele;jh gupjhgkhfj; JbJbj;Jr; rj;jhh. kz;il cile;j uj;j ts;sj;jp kpje;jhh vd;w vojf;$lhj vd;ghh. epq;fs; rhd;dhyk; rh yhtpl;lhyk; v yh tpgj;jr; rhtfsk; gupjhgj; Jf;FupaJjhd;. vdnt,g;gbg;gl;l thhj;ijfisg; gad;glj;jf; $lhj vd;w $WthH.,g;gb mtuj jkpo; MHtk;> jpdkzpap vjpuhypj;jj.,ijnghynt khopap kl;lk yh k > tbtikg;g %ykk; jpdkzpf;f etpd Kfk; fhlf;f Kad;whH kfh- Njtd;. jpdkzpapd; jiyg;g voj;j tbtj;ijf; fhyj;jf;nfw;w Kiwap khw;wp mikj;jjld; Kj gf;fj;ij Ak; Mq;fpyg;gj;jpupif Nghd;w Njhw; wj;ij Vw;gLj;j Kad;whH. elg;gf; fj;ij fl;liuak; jiyaq;fkk; thr fh fbjkk; cs;s,lkhf khw;wpdhh. jiyaq;fk; vd;w rh iy MrpupaH ciu vd;w khw;wpdhh. elg;gf;fj;jp,lj Xukhf MrpupaH ciuf;f,lk spj;j mth> eltp NkYk; fpohf,uz;l fl;liufsf;fk;> mjw;ff; fpohf thrfh fuj;jfsf;fk;,lk; mspj;jhh. mijalj;j mjw;f thr fhfsplk; tuntw;g,ue;jj. jiyg; gp Njitap yhj fhl;il voj;jfs; NghLtijAk; jtphf;fr; rh thh. ghhitf;f mofhf,jo;,uf;fntz; Lk; vd;gjpny mth MHtk; fhl;b dhh. cut mikg;gp jhd; khwjny jtpu> r Yk; yl;rpa ghijap ve;j khw;wkk;, iy vd;gijj; jsptglj;jtk; mth jtwtp iy.,ita yhk; tspj;njhw;wj;jp Vw;gLk; khwj fnsahfk;. jpdkzp Njhd;wpa ehs; Kj,d;W tiu filg;gpbj;j te;jpuf;fk; mbg;gilf; fhs;iffsp ahjhu khwjyk; Vw;gl;ljp iy.,dpnkyk; Vw;glhJ vd;nw $wyhk;. mt;tg;nghj,f;fhs; iffis epidtglj;jpf; fhs;s ekf;fd tfj;jf; fhz;l yl;rpag; ghijapypue;j ehk; tpyfhkypuf;fj; JizGupAk;. ehl;lg; gw;w> rkjhaj; jp xuikg;ghl> [dehaf kugfs;> jkpo;j; jhz;l> mwptpa tshr;rp,t;ite;jk; jpdkzpapd; gq;rrpyf; fhs;iffshfk;.. (jpdkzp Mrpup ah ciu ). jkpo; ehspjo; xd;wp jkpo; khopf;fk;,yf;fpaj;jf;fk; Kf;fpaj;Jtk; fhlj;j jdp,izg;g,jio tspapl;lj gj;jpupif tuyhw;wp Kf;fpaj;Jtk; tha;e;jjhfj; fujg;glfpwj. jpdkzp apd;,izg;ghf Iuhtjk; kfhnjtdpd; MHtj;jpYk; <Lghl;bYk; tsp te;j jkpo;kzpia jkpowpqhfsk;,yf;fpa MHtk; fhz;lthfsk;,d; iwf;fk; epidt $HfpwhHfs; Kjyp jpdkzp Rlupd; cs; gf;fq;fspyk; gpd;dh jdpahftk; mj tspte;jj.,yf;fpaf; fl;liufsld; cq;fs; jkpioj; jupe;jfhs;sq;fs;> rq;fg; gyif>,yf;fpa Nkil> kjpg;giufs;...,g;gb jkpo; khop tshr;rp,yf; fpak; jhlhghd g NtW mk;rq;fs; mjp,lk;gw;wd. jkpop xu kugg; gpur;rpid vd;w mtuj fl;liu ( ) jkpo;kzp ap tspahdj. jpdkzp ehspjop jkpop gahfis vojtjp ve;j eilkiw filg;gpbf;fg;glfpwj vd; gij mjp tpsf;fpas;shh. tlkhopg;gahfis jkpop vojk; ghoj> md; m yj mh tpfjpfisr; NrHj;J vojtj jkpo; kugh Fk;. uhkf;u\;z Nghd;w tlkhopg; gahfs;,uhkd;> fpu\;zd; vd;nw jkpop toq;ffpd;wd. mnjnghd;w tlehl;lg; gupahhfspd; gahfisj; jkpohf;fk; ra;ak;ghoj kupahijg; gd;ikiaf;fwpf;fk; mh tpfjpiar; NrHj;J vojtj ek; kug (v/l) mutpe;jh> jpyfh> tpntfhde;jh. tuyhw;wg; Gfo;gw;w gahfisak;,t;thnw vojp te;jpuf;fpnwhk; (v/l) Gj;jH> mnrhfh> `H\H> fle;j rpy Mz;Lfsp jhd;,e;j kug Mq;fp yj;jpd; jhf;fj;jh rphfiwe;j tufp wj. Mq;fpy khopahf;fj;jp gah fspd; gpd;dh md;> mh> mk; tpfjpfs; NrHf;fg;gLtjp iy vd;gjhyk; gah fspd; <w;wp cs;s mfuk; Mq;fpyj; jp Mfhukhf epl;b cr;rupf;fg;glfpwj vd;w jtwhd vz;zj;jpdhyk; jkpopyk;,g;nghj,uhkd;> fpu\;zd; Nghd;w kugg; gahfis uhkh > fpu\;zh vd khw;wp vojp tufpd;wdh.,nj fhuzq;fspdh jkpo;g; gahr; rhw;fspd; <w;wp,uf;f Ntz;ba mk; mj;j r; rhupiafsk; k y k y kiwe;j tufpd;wd. Nfusk; > fhehlfj;jp Nghd;w tof;ffs; eype;j Nfush > fhehlfhtp Kjypa jkpo; jhlu;jy; 73k; gf;fk;

75 jha;tpl brk;gu; December 2018 gioa rhw;fs;... 72k; gf;fj; jhlhr;rp...,yf;fzj;jpw;fg; Gwk;ghd rhw;fs; Gof;fj;jp te;j fhz;buf;fpd;wd.,e;jpud; vd;gj Mz; gh :,e;jpuh vd;wh gz; gh. cnge;jpuh vd;gj ve;jg;ghiyr;nrhe;j gah? jyq;f khopap cnge;jpu vd;nw vojfpwhhfs;. uhkjh]; vd;w tlkhopg;gaiu,uh kjhrh vd;w jhnd,jtiu jkpop vojp te;jpuf;fpnwhk; g;nukjh] kl;lk; gpnukjhrhth MtNjd;? `H\tHj; jdh> gpughfthjdh vd;w ek; tuyhw; Wg; gahfis vojp te;jpuf;fk;nghj>,yq;if Kd;dhs; mjpgupd; gaiu kl;lk; IatHj;jdh vd;w Vd; epl;b voj Ntz;Lk;? gahfsld; Ntw;Wik cugfisr; NrHf;Fk;NghJ$l> md;> mh tpfjpf isnah mj;jr; rhupianah $l;lhj. rpd;kahde;jhtpd; NgUiu > IatHj; jdhtpd; mwpf;if > cnge;jpuhtpd; tuif > Nfushtp kio > vd;nw yhk; gj;jpupiffs; vojp te;jpuf;fpd;wd.,tw;wpw;fj; jkpop,yf;fzk; vg;g br; $WtJ? jpdkzpap jkpo;kuigg; Ngz Ntz; Lk; vd;w MHtj;jp Kj fl;lkhf gpnukjhrh > cnge;jpuh Nghd;W jt whf epl;b vojg; gwk; gahfis gpnukjhr > cnge;jpu vd;w khw;wp vojj; jhlq;fpapuf;fpnwhk;. NkYk; Ntw;Wik cugfisr; NrHj;J vojk; NghJ gpnukjhrtpd; cnge;jputpd; vd;w jpdkzpap tutj jkpo; ku Gf;F cfe;jjhf, iyna vd;w rpy thrfhfs; Rl;bf; fhl;ba gpwf> tl khopg;gahfisj; jkpohf;fk; ra;j vojk;nghj,lj;jpw;fj; jf;fgb md;> mh> mk; tpfjpia m yj mj;jr; rhupia NrHj;J el ehisa jkpo; kugpd;gb vojntz;lk; vd;wk; KbT ra;j XusT Kad;W tufpnwhk;. (v/l),yq;if mjpgh gpnukjhruld; tpl jiyg; Gypfs; Ngr;R KwpT. kj;jpa mikr;rh cnge;jpuupd; mwpf;if Me; jpuj;jp Ga Nfusj;jp kio. MapDk;>,e;j kug kpl;rpiar; rpwpj rpwpjhfj;jhd; eilkiwf;ff; fhz;l tu,ayk; vd;w Njhd;WfpwJ..,g; gb vojp,ug;gjpypue;nj Iuhtjk; kfhntjdpd; khop gw;w vj;jifaj vd;gj jupa tuk;.,ugjhk; E}w;whz;b jkpop Vw;gl;L tuk; kwkyhr;rpap mwptpaypd; jhf; fk; kpftk; Kf;fpakhdJ. jkpo; ghl khopahf jpwdld; ra gl Ntz;L kdp g NtW mwptpa Jiwfsp Yk; cs;s fiy EZf;fr; rhw;fisj; jkpohf;fk; ra;j Ntz;Lk;.,aw;gp a > Ntjpapa > fzpjk;> thdtpa > capupa > kuj;jtk;> tptrhak; Nghd;w gw;gy mwptpa JiwfspYk; epfkk; Gjpa fz;lgpbg;gfisak; Kd;Ndw; wq;fisak; tpsf;fp vspa jkpop Vuh skhd fl;liufisak; khop gahg; GfisAk; tspapl;l tuk; jpdkzp jkpop mwptpa tshr;rpf;f mue; jhz;lhw;wp te;jpug;gij thrfhfs; ed;fwpthhfs;. 21k; E}w;whz;b mbalj;j itf;fk; epiyap mwptpa ypd; Kf;fpaj;Jtj;ij KOtJk; czhe;j,j;jiwap ra;jpfisak; fl;liuf isak; NkYk; tpupthf;fpj;jutk; jkp op mwptpa rh yhfj;jpw;f Cf; fk; mspf;ftk; jpl;lkpl;l tufpnwhk; vd;w jkj MrpupaH ciuap Fwpg; gpl;l Iuhtjk; kfhnjtd;. mwptpa fuj;jfis kf;fsplk; fhz;l r tjw;fhf 1988k; Mz;b jpdkzp RlH mwptpa thu,izg;ig tspapl; lhh.,jw;fhf mwptpa Jiw fl;l iufis vspikahf kw;wthfsf;f GupAk; tifap vojk; jpdkzpapd; %j;j gj;jpupifahsuhd vk;.uhkjiu apd; ghwg;gp me;j,jo; jpdkzp,izg;ghf rdpf;fpoik NjhWk; tsp te;jd. vspa jkpop gy mwptpa fl;liufs; mjp tspahapd. mjd; Kj,jopNyNa mjd; Nehf; fj;ijj; jsptglj;jp tplfpwhh Mrp upah Iuhtjk; kfhnjtd;....guk;ghd; ikahd fl;liufs; khopgahg;gf shf,ug;gj gyuf;fk; xu guq; FiwahfNt jd;glfpwj.,d;ws;s epiyap mwptpa Jiwfsp khop gahg;gfisj; jtphf;f Kbatp iy. GJf;fz;Lgpbg;Gfis cldf;fld; jkpoyfj;jpw;f mwptpf;f khop gahg; Gfisj;jhd; guk;ghyk; ek;gpapuf;f Ntz;bAs;sJ.,e;epiy gbg;gbahf khw Ntz;Lkdp > jkpioj; jha; khopahfg; gw;w mwpqhfs; jj;jk; mwptpa Jiwfsp jhk; mwpe;j cz;ikfisg; gw;wpj; jkpopnyna rpe;jpj;j> jkpopnyna vojp jkpo; kf; fsf;f vlj;jiuf;f Kd;tu Ntz;Lk;.,ij xu rkjhag;gzpahf jkpowpe;j mwptpa t YeH fuj Ntz;Lk; vd;w jpdkzp RlH ( ),jop Fwpg;gpl;l mth> kpf El;gkhd rpf;f epiwe;j Muha;r;rpj; jhs;fis ehns Lfsp tspapltj ghuj;jkhf,uf;fhj vd;gijak; jsptglj;jp As;shH. mwptpa rh yhf;fk; vg;gb,uf;f Ntz;Lk;? vd;gijak; jpdkzp Rl up Iuhtjk; tpsf;fpapuf;fpwhh. Mq; fpyf; fiyr;rhw;fisj; jkpop khop gahf;fhj mg;gbna xyp gahg;gr; ra;j fhs;tj jhd; rup vd;wk;. Mq;fpyj;ijAk; tlkhopiaak; mwnt mfw;wptpl;l jdpj; jkpo;r; rhw;fs; kl;lnk gad;glj;j Ntz;Lk; vd;wk; $wptuk;,u tifahd jptputhjq;f spilna fuj;j Nkhj fs; epfo;e;j tz;zk; cs;sd. eilkiwap gbg; gbahf Mq;fpyr; rhw;fs; epq;fp tl khopr; rhw;fsk;> gpd;dh tlkhopr; rhw;fsk;> gpd;dh tlkhopr; rhw; fs; mfd;w J}a jkpo;r; rhw;fsk; jkpop vojg;glk; mwptpa E} fsp,lk; gw;w tutijf; fhz;fpnwhk;.,t;tpaf;fk; tuq;fhyj;jp NkYk; tytilak; vd;nw Njhd;WfpwJ. MapDk; mjpntfkhfg; gufp tuk; mwptpa Jiwfsp Mz;LNjhWk; gilf;fg;gl;l tuk; Mapuf;fzf;fhd fiyr; rhw;fsf;f Neuhd jkpo;r; rhw;fis cldf;fld; fz;l gpbg;gj kpftk; fbdk;. Njitf;Nfw;g Mq;fpyr; rhw;fis mg;gbnaahtj rpwpj xyp khw;wq;fsldhtj jkpop Vw;Wf; fhs;tj jtphf;f KbahjJ. mnj Nghy XypgaHg;G ra;ak; NghJ Vw; fdnt jkpop mwpkfkhd [> \> ]> ` vd;w voj;jf;fis epf;fpao JtJk; $lhj.,t;toj;jf;fs; tl khopap cs;s xypfis kl;lk; Fwpf;ftp iy. mwptpayp kpftk; gad; glj;jg;glk; yj;jpd;> fpnuf;f khopfspyk; ekf;f mwptpa Eiothapyhf tpsq;fk; Mq;fpyk; Kjyhd v yh INuhg;gpa khopfspyk;,t;thypfs; cs;sd vd;gij kwe;jtplf;$lhj. Mifah,t;tOj;Jf;fisak; Njitf;Nfw;g gad;glj;j Ntz;Lk;. mtrpak; Vw;gl;lh Gjpa FwpaPLfis Ak; fld; thq;fpf; fhs;snth Gjpjh fg; gilf;fnth jaq;ff;$lhj. 1> 2> 3 Kjypa vz;fsk;> fh Gs;sp> miug; Gs;sp> Kf;fh Gs;sp> Kw;Wg; Gs;sp> tpdhf;fwp> Mr;rupaf;Fwp Nghd;w Fwp aplfsk;> fzpjj;jp gad;glj;jg;g Lk; (+, -, =, % Nghd;wit) mz;ikf; fhyj;jp jkpop Eioe;J,d;W jkpo; voj;jf;fsld;,uz;lwf; fye;j tpl;ld vd;gijr; Rl;bf;fhl;lyhk;. vd;fpwhh. jkpo;kzpapyk; jpdkzp RlupYk; kw; wthfs; voj fsk; mikj;jf; fhlj;j mth> jdj fl;liufns mjp mjp fk; tuntz;lk; vd;w epidj;j jhlhe;j vojgth, iy. vdpdk;> ra;jpapd; jh ypa Jiw rk;ge;jkhd ra;jpfnsh fl;liufnsh gj;jpupiffsf;f te;jh mtuplk; gbj;jf;fhl;b mj rupjhdh vd;gij epughfsk; Jiz MrpupaHfSk; Nfl;L rupghhj;j tspapltj tof;fk;.,njnghy ve;j thhj;ijiag; gad;glj;jtj vd;gj Fwpj;J MrpupaH FOitr; NrHe;jtHfs; vg;nghj re;njfk; Nfl;lhYk; $l mjw;f tpsf;fk; mspf;f mth jaq;ftjp iy. Kf;fpaj;Jtk; fujp mjfwpj;j vo jj; jtwtjp iy. rd;idap vok; G+H rpwthfs; muq;fhl;rpafj;jpw;f Kd;ghf cs;s jpwe;jtspap iluh Ndhru]; uf;]; vd;w kpfg;gupa ilndhrhh,dj;ijr; NrHe;j tpyq; fpd; cutk; fz;zhb,ioah ra; ag;gl;l epwj;jp itf;fg;gl;ls;sj. 1991k; Mz;b,Jgw;wp tspahd ra;jpap vok;g+h muq;fhl;rpaj;jpd;,af;feh [p.nfrtuhk;.,e;j cyfj; jp thok; tpyq;fpdq;fsk; jhtu,dq; fsk; fle;j 10 Mapuk; Mz;LfSf;F Kd;jhd; Njhd;wpapUf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;w Fwpg;gpl;lhH. ghj mikg;gp,uf;ff;$ba xu th $wpas;s,e;jf; fuj;j jtwhdj vd;gij mwpe;j Iuhtjk; kfhnjtd;> jpdkzp Rlup > ilndhrhhfspd; fhyk; vj? vd;w fl;liu ( ) vojp dhh. jh YapH,a (Palaetology) E} fs; ilndhrhhfs; 200 kp ypad; Mz;LfSf;F Kd;dH [{uhrpf; (Jura ssic) Afj;jp Njhd;wp 65 kp ypad; Mz;LfSf;F Kd;dH f;upnlrpa]; (Cretaceous) Afj;jpd;,Wjp tiu tho;e;j te;jjhtk; mjw;fg; gpd;dh mit Gtpapayp Vw;gl;l khwj f isj; jhq;fkbahk mope;j Nghd jhftk; Fwpg;gpLfpd;wd. mtw;wpd; vyk; Gfs; fhyg;nghf;fp fw;gbtq;fshf (Fossils) khwp,d;w muq;fhl;rpafq; fis myq;fupj;j tufpd;wd vd;gij mtuj fl;liuap tpupthf tpsf;fpf; $wpas;shh.,jnghy> jtwhd tp\ aq;fs; gj;jpupiffsp tsptutij mth xu NghJk; tpuk;gpajp iy. jh ypa Jiw rk;ge;jkhd ra;jp fnsh fl;liufnsh gj;jpupiffsf;f te;jh mtuplk; gbj;jf;fhl;b mj rupjhdh vd;gij epughfsk; Jiz MrpupaHfSk; Nfl;L rupghhj;j tsp apltj tof;fk;.,njnghy ve;j thhj;ijiag; gad;glj;jtj vd;gj Fwpj;J MrpupaH FOitr; NrHe;j thfs; vg;nghj re;njfk; Nfl;lhYk; $l mjw;f tpsf;fk; mspf;f mth jaq;ftjp iy. gs;sp khzthfsf; Fr; rh tjnghy vspikahf tpsf; fpf; $WthH. jpiug;glr; ra;jpfsf;f Kf;fpaj;Jtk; fhlg;gj mtuf;fg; gpbf;fhj. jpiug;gl tpsk;guq;fs; Kj gf;fj;jp tuf;$lhj vd;w rh thh. 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Mrpupaj;Jtj;jpd; Nkd;ikia vjw;fhftk; tpl;lf; fhlg;gth, iy mth.,ita yhk; mtiu jdpj;j tk; kpf;ftuhff; fhl;lfpd;wd. khopeilap kl;lk; mf;fiw fhz; lth vd;w mtiuf; $wp tplkbahj. vj;jifa ra;jpfs; Kf;fpaj;Jtkhf tu Ntz;Lk;. ve;j ra;jpfs; Kj gf;fj;jp tuyhk;. tuf;$lhj vd;gjp Yk; MrpupaHfSld; fye;jngrp tsp apltjp ftdk; ryj;jthh.,e;jp ad; vf;];gpu]; gj;jpupifapypue;j fl; Liufis mjpfkhf khopgahj;j tspapltjp IuhtJk; kfhnjtd; MHtk; fhl;ltp iy xnu epwtdj;jp,ue;j,e;j,uz;l gj;jpupiffsk; te;jhyk;> jpdkzpf;f vd jdpg;gz;g fs;,uf;fpwj vd;gij cwjpglj;jpdhh mth. kz;l fkp\d; mwpf;if tsp aplg;gl;l mjd; jhlhghf rhjfkhf Tk; ghjfkhftk; tpkhrdq;fs; gj;jpup iffsp tsp te;jd. mg;nghj kz; l fkp\d; mwpf; ifia,e;jpad; vf;];gpu]; vjphj;jj. jpdkzp mij Mjupj;jJ.,jw;F KOikahd fhu zk; Iuhtjk; kfhnj td; jhd;. jkpo; kf;fspd; czhitg; Gupe;Jfhz;L kz;l fkp\id jpd kzp Mjupj; jj vd;fpwhh mth. mtuj gy jiyaq;fq;fs; mjhtj mtuj MrpupaH ciufs; Kf;fpaj;J tk; tha;e;jitahff; $wkbak;. mz kpd; epiyaq;fspd; Vw;glf;$ba Mgj; Jfs; Fwpj;J jhlhe;j MrpupaH ciu ap vojpas;shh. mzkpd; epiyaq; fs; Njitjhd? ( )> f ghf;fk;,dpak; Njitjhdh?( ) mz ciy: ka;ak; gha;ak; ( )> $lq;fsk; $lnt $lhj! ( )> mz ciy: ka;ak; ( )> gj; rtpld; fhjp Cjparq;F ( ) $lq;fsk;: rpy Nfs;tpfs; ( ),g;gb r%f mf;fiwald; mth jhlhe;j,j Fwpj;J vojp te;js; shh. mzciyfsf;f vjpuhd,af; fk; rd;idap ele;j Nghuhl;lj;jp Yk; mth gq;nfw;w NgrpapUf;fpwhH. rpjk;guk; = eluh[h Myaj;jp 16 N[hbf; Foe;ijfSf;F xnu rkaj;jp jpukzk; elj;jp itf;fg;gl;l jpuk zq;fis fz;bf;fk; tifap ghk;ik f ahzq;fs; vd;w MrpupaH ciuap ( )vOjpdhH. jdpg;gl;l FLk; jhlu;jy; 74k; gf;fk;

- 74 - jha;tpl brk;gu; December 2018 gioa rhw;fs;... 73k; gf;fj; jhlhr;rp... miwap FbNawpdhH. gq;fspd; fyhrhuq;fis tpkhrpg;gj vkj Nehf;fkd;W.

76 jha;tpl brk;gu; December 2018 gioa rhw;fs;... 73k; gf;fj; jhlhr;rp... miwap FbNawpdhH. gq;fspd; fyhrhuq;fis tpkhrpg;gj vkj Nehf;fkd;W. Mdh > jp iy ap ele;js;s Foe;ijj; jpukzq;fs; rl;l tpnuhjkhdit mit ghj,lj;jp ele;js;sd. Nfhap ephth fpfs; mtw;iwj; jlj;j epwj;jpapuf;f Ntz;lhkh? m yj mur mjpfhupfsplk; mq;f elf;ftpuf;fk; rl;ltp- Nuhjr; ra fisg; gw;wp Kd;$l;bNa mwptpj;jpuf;f Ntz;lhkh? vd;w yhk; r%f MNtrj;Jld; mjp Fu vog;gpapuf;fpwhh. jpz;lhik tho;f! `up[dq;fs; Nfhap Yf;Fs; Eiotij `pe;j rh];jpuq; fs; mdkjpf;ftp iy. tpjit kwk zk; xopf! tpjthtpthfk; rh];jpu rk; kjkhdj md;w. ghk;ikf; f ahzk; tho;f! gz;fs; UJthd gpwf tpthfk; ra;tj rh];jpu tpnuhjkhdj. cld; fl;il V(w;)Wj tho;f!,g;gba yhk; G+up = rq;fuklj;jg; gplhjpgjp [fj;fu = epuq;rd Njt jphj;j Rth kpfs; $wpaijf; fz;bj;j mwj;jpd; gauh kwk; ( ) vd;w vojpa MrpupaH ciuap > Mjp rq;fuupd; gjp%d;whtj E}w;whz;L tpohf; fhzk;,e;j Mz;b me;j kfhdpd; guk;g uiff;f,of;f Vw;gLj;Jk; ra fis vjphg;gnj mtuf;f ehk; ryj;jf; $ba cz;ikahd mq;rypahfk; vd;w $wpas;shh.,e;jpa ehl;bw;f ehy vjpupfs;. mtu; fs; ahh?rpdhth?, iy. ghfp];jhdh?, iy. jd; Mg;upf;fhth?, iy. gpughfudh?, yntap iy? NjHj gpurhuj;jpd; xyp guf;fpfspd; $r;r Nfl;fhjtz;zk; fhijg; ghj;jpf; fhz;l Mw mkur; rpe;jpj;jg; ghhg; Nghkhdh > ek; ehl;il mr;rwj;jp tuk; ehy vjpupfs; kjk;> khop>,dk; ([hjp) gw;wpa twpfsk; CoYNk vd;w fz;l fhs;tjp mjpfr; rpuk kpuf;fhj.. vd;w,e;jpahtpd; ehy vjpupfis MrpupaH ciu ( ) tptupf;fpwj. NjHj rkaq;fspyk; ghgh k#jp,bg;g Neuj;jpYk; mth vojpa MrpupaH ciu fs; Fwpg;gplj;jf;fit. tujl;rizf; fhlikah,sk; gz;fs; jpf;fp iuahtj Fwpj;J Gjpa Kiw ]jp )>,d;dhU fhe;jp Ntz;Lk; ( )> Vl;lstp xope;j jpz;lhik ( ).,g;gb g NtW re;jhg;gq; fsp mth vojpas;s Kf;fpaj;Jtk; tha;e;j MrpupaH ciufis Fwpg;gpl; Lf; fhz;nl Nghfyhk;. jputs;st upd; jpunkdp jhq;fpa jq;ff; fhr gw;wp jpdkzp fjpup fl;liu vojpas;s fl;liuak;$l jtphf;fkbahj mid tuk; gbf;f Ntz;ba fl;liujhd;. Iuhtjk; vojpa MrpupaH ciufsp,d;iwf;fk; epidtf; $uj;jf;fj vojpa mjprak; Mdh cz;ik,e;j MrpupaH ciuapd; khop eilak; fuj;jr;rwpak; mtuj MS ikf;f XH vlj;jf;fhl;l.,e;jpahtp xu khepyk;. mjw;f xu Kj mikr;rh. mth gj;jhz;l fs; Ml;rp ra;jhh. mth Kj tuhf,uf;fk; ghonj jk; cilfisj; jhnk Njha;j;J clj;jpf; fhz;lhh. jk; ifah rikj;jr; rhg;gpl;lhh. jk; rytfs; Nghf kpq;rpa rk;gsj;ijj; jk; fl;rpf;f khjhkhjk; fhlj;j tpl; lhh. gjtpf;fhyk; Kbe;j md;nw mur fhlj;j, yj;ijf; fhyp ra;jhh. jk;kld;,uz;l gl;bfsp jdj Jzp kzpfisak; Gj;jfq;fisAk; kl;lk; vlj;jr; rd;whh. rhe;j tpl, yhjjh fl;rp mytyfj;jp XH,J,e;jpa tpljiyf;fg; gpwf xu Kj th vg;gb,uf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;w fw;gid ra;j fhz;l XH,yl;rpa thjp vojpa ehtypd; RUf;fk;, iy. New;iwa ehnshlfsp Njbg; ghhj; jphfshdh rpd;dr; rpd;d voj;jf sp tspte;jpuf;fk; xu gupa ra;jp,j.,e;j mjprak; / Mdh / cz;ikr; rk;gtk; ele;j khepyk; jpupguh. me;j Kj tupd; gah epunge;(jpu) rf;fu thj;jp. mth,lj fk;a+dp];l;l fl;rp iar; NrHe;jtH. mijtpl Kf;fpakhd ra;jp mth guk Nahf;fpaH vd;gnj. mwpahikapyk;> CoypYk;> murpa thjpfspd; mlf;f khopfspyk;> rpdpkh ebf> ebiffspd; khah [hyq;fspyk;> rpf;fz;l> jho;tw;w> twik kpq;rp> gho;gl;l epw;fk; ghuj Njrk;,dp thont KbahJ vd;w fyq;fp epw;fk; kf;fsf;f,j xu ew;ra;jp. thrfhfsf;f epidtpuf;fpwnjh vd; dnth> jkpo;ehl;b $l xu fhyj;jp,j;jifa mjprag; gpwtpfs; cz; ikahfnt cah tho;e;jdh. fhkuh[; vd;w xu Kj th. ff;fd; vd;w xu mikr;rh. khw;wj;jzpfisj; jtpu NtW cilikfs;, yhjthfs;,th fs; kf;fspd; md;g vd;gijj; jtpu NtW r tj;ijg; gwhjthfs;,th fs;. ahh fz;lj. mq;fhd;wk;,q;fhd; Wk; Mf,d;W fhzg;glk; jpg;ghwp fs; gw;wpf; fhz;l cz;ikf; fdyhf tshe;j,d;iwa murpaypd; gha; ikfis vupj;j tplk; ew;fhykk; ek; ehl;lf;f tuyhk; m yth. mij epidj;j epunge; rf;futhj;jpfis tho;j;jp tzq;fnthk;. I.V.v];. mjpfhupahf,ue;j kf;fs; tshr;rpg; gzpfsp jd;id <LgLj; jpf; fhz;l Xa;T gw;wpue;jh,e;j mstf;f mtuf;fg; gauk; GfOk; gauk; fpilj;jpuf;fkh vd;gijr; rh ykbahj.,e;jpa Ml;rpg; gzp mjpfhupahf,ue;j mtuf;f f tl;l voj;j Ma;tp jptpu MHtk;. mj;jld; etpd jkpo; khopapyk; jptpu mf;fiw.,e;j,u MHtq;fSk; mf;fiwak; jhd; kwf;fkbahj MS ikahf ek;kpilna mtiu,dk; fhl;lfpwj. gj;jpupifj; Jiwap FW fpa fhynk,ue;jhyk;$l mth Vw; glj;jpr; rd;ws;s jhf;fq;fisak; rhjidfisak; kwf;fkbahj. mj; Jld;> 80 tajpyk; cl eypitak; ghul;glj;jhk jh ypap Jiw Ma;Tfsp mth,d;dkk; fhl;b tuk; MHtk; midtiuak; tpaf;f itf;fpwj.,ijtpl kpf Kf;fpakhf eq;ir efpo itf;fk; tp\ak;> mth rpwe;j kdpjhgpkhdp vd;gjjhd;. kiwe;j %j;j kfd; tpj;ahrhfh ga up jdj tho;tpd; Nrkpg;gpypUe;J &.50 yl;r &ghiaf; fhz;l f tp mwf;fl;lisia Vw;gLj;jp rg;jkp yhk cjtpfisr; ra;j tufpwhh. rd;id rq;fu Nej;uhyhatp tpj; ahrhfh,d;];bl;a+l; M/g; gnah kbf;f lf;dhy[p mz;l; rapd;]; f tp epiyaj;ij cuthf;f mwf; fl;lisapypue;j &.40 yl;rj;ij ed; fhilahf toq;fpas;shh. mj;jld; Vio khzt> khztpfs; gbf;f Mz;L NjhWk; me;j mwf;fl;lis %yk; gz cjtpak; ra;j tufpwhh Iuhtjk; kfhnjtd;. cjtk; fuq;fs; [gpf;fk; cjlfistpl Nkd;ikahdit.

77 jha;tpl brk;gu; December

78 jha;tpl brk;gu; December 2018 rk;kz;,ut fiytpoh 2018 Fg;gpshd; tpf;fpnd];tuh kfh tpj;jpahyaj;jp f tp gapyk; khzthfspd; kjpa Nghrd epjpf;fhf khd;wpa tpf;nd];tuh fiythzp ehlfkd;wk; elj;jpa rk;kz;,ut fiytpoh 2018.

jha;tpl brk;gu; December 2018 <oj; jkpo;g; gsj;jhfs; - 77 - q;fs,dnk,yq;ifj; jptp Kjd; Kjyp Fb Nawp tho;e;j kdpj,dk;.

,jw;fhd vz;zf;fu,w;iwf;f Mapuj;J mw E}W Mz;LfSf;F Kd;dNuNa kfh tk;rj;ij vojpa gpf;fth Mokhf Tk; gf;ftkhftk; tpijf;fg;gl;ltpl; lj.

79 jha;tpl brk;gu; December 2018 <oj; jkpo;g; gsj;jhfs; q;fs,dnk,yq;ifj; jptp Kjd; Kjyp Fb Nawp tho;e;j kdpj,dk;. 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- 78 - jha;tpl brk;gu; December 2018 <oj; jkpo;g;... 77k; gf;fj; jhlhr;rp... upah gj;kehjd;.

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81 jha;tpl brk;gu; December

82 jha;tpl brk;gu; December 2018

83 jha;tpl brk;gu; December

84 jha;tpl brk;gu; December 2018

85 jha;tpl brk;gu; December 2018 eh d; vdj epue;jug; gzpah kf;fs; Nfl;ghHfs;.,ij NkYk; tpsq; fpa epfo;r;rpj; jahupg;g fpf;fhs;s Ntz;Lkhapd; tbnty cjtpahsdhf epfo;r;rp ra;jp thrpj;jh ra;jpf;fupa ek;g fis xypg;gjpt ra;jfhz;lk;> fhiy fj;jd;ik Kw;whfNt mw;wg;ngha;tp ap m yj khiyap Nritahd;wp Lk;.,jd; mbg;gilap jhd; ra;jp gfjpneu mwptpg;ghsdhf Ntiy ra;j thrpg;gtupd; Fu jdpj;jtkhdjhftk; fhz;lk;> gfjpneu mwptpg;ghsh mbf;fb ghtpj;j kypdg;glj;jg;glh Ntiyap yhj ehl;fsp re;jhg;gk; jjhftk;,uf;fntz;lkd;w fl;lg; fpilf;fk;nghj khiyap ciur;rpj; ghl mq;f filg;gpbf;fg;gl;lj. NkYk; jpu epfo;r;rpap gq;fgw;wpf;fhz;lk;> ra;jp thrpg;gth ve;jtpjkhd czhr; Nkyjpfkhf xypr;rpj;jpuk; epfo;r;rpiaj; rpfisak; tspg;glj;jhj jhdpap jahupj;jf;fhz;lk;,ue;njd;. ehd; (uflappable) thrpf;fntz;lkd;gj gzpf;fr; NrHe;j vogjhk; Mz;b mg;nghj fz;bg;ghf,ue;j tpjp. kpf kjthfr; rd;w vdj jhop ebj;jg; gofptpl;lh thrpg;gp,a tho;f;if ehd; vogjhk; Mz;bd; ghfnt ebg;g tspg;gl;ltplk;.,jp gpw;gfjpap gfjpneu mwptpg;gsuhf cz;ik,uf;fpwj. me;j ehl;fsp Tk; ciur;rpj;jpu> ehlff;fiyqdhftk; ra;jp thrpg;gthfshf,ue;j tp.v. jupthdjpypue;j NtfkLf;f Muk; f/g+h> v];.gz;zpa%hj;jp> tp.gp.jpah gpj;jj. ehd; ehlf ebfuhfj; juptra;ag;gl;bue;jhyk; fuh[h> vd;.rptuh[h> ghhspkd;l; Re;jh> ehlfk; ebg;g jhb Re;jh(,tH vdf;f kpftk; gpbj; jp MHtk; fhl;ltp iy. Vddp vdj,yf;f ra;jp thrpg;gtuhf tu Ntz;L kd;gnj. vkf;f mspf;fg;gl;l gapw;rpfsp ra;jp thrpg;gth vg;nghjk; jdj Fuypd; jdpj;jtj;ijg; (exclusiveess) Ngz Ntz;Lkd;W typawj;jg;gl;lj. Nrit xd;wp mwptpg;gr; ra;ak;nghj ve;j tpj czhr;rpfisak; tspg;glj;jh k FioT> espdk; Nghd;w ghrhq;ffs; mw;w cj;jpnahfg+ht jhdpap mwp tpg;gfs; ra;antz;lk;. ciur;rpj;jp uj;jpyk; mndfkhf cz;ikiar; rh Yfpd;w fz;bg;ghd jhdpald;$ba thrpg;ng Njitg;gLfpwJ. ciur;rpj; jpuj;jp ehlfg;glj;jg;gl;l (dramatize) gfjpfs; te;jh mtw;iw ebfhfs; ra;thhfs;. ciur;rpj;jpuj;jp mg; ghoj ra;jp thrpj;jf;fhz;bue;j vd;. Re;juypq;fk; (,th ghuhskd;wj; jp khopgahg;ghsuhf mg;nghj gzpahw;wpf;fhz;bue;jjh ghhsp kd;w; Re;jh vd;w mwpag;gl;lhh. mj; NjhL mg;gnyh-11 tpz;tspf;fyj;jpw; rd;w ep MHk;];uhq; re;jpudp fh itj;j epfo;r;rpia cldf;fld; jkhd ra;jp thrpg;ghsh) kw;wk; v];. eluh[d; (eluh[ IaH)> rw;rh&gtjp ehjd; MfpNahuJ Fu fis ehlfj; brk;gh khjj;jp gfjpneu mwptpg;gh sdhfg; gzpahw;wj;jhlq;fpa vdf;f vogj;ije;jhk; Mz;L /gg;utup khj kstp ra;jp thrpg;gthfsf;fhd juptp gq;fgw;wr; re;jhg;gk; fpilj; jj. ra;jp thrpg;gjgw;wpak; ra;jp fs; gw;wpak; tpupthf kw;whu re;jhg; gj;jp NgRNthk;. vogjhk; Mz;L Ml;rpf;Fte;j mu rhq;fk;,yq;ifapd; Ml;rpKiwap khw;wj;ijr; ra;jntis,yq;if xypgug;gf; $l;lj;jhgdj;jpd; ephthff; fl;likg;gpyk; khw;wq;fs; Vw;gLj;jg; gl;ld vd;gj gw;wpak; Kk;khopr; NritfSk; mlq;fpa Njrpa> thj;jf Nritfs; khopthupahd gpuptfshf khw;wg;gl;ld vd;wk; ehd; Kd;dH Fwpg;gpl;bUe;Njd;.,j;jifa khw;wk; jkpo;khopr; Nrit Rje;jpukhf,aq;f C.V.,uh[Re;juk; mthfis uhud;nuhtp re;jpj;jnghj. toptfj;jj vd;whyk; murpa upjp ahd jiyaplfs; Vw;glTk; fhuzkhf mike;jj.,t;tst fhykk; Kk; thhfs;.,ijr; rhl;lhf itj;jg; gzpg;ghshrig mq;fj;jth jkpo;r; Nritapd; ephthf tplaq;fsp Neub ahfj; jiyapltjw;f Kaw;rpg;ghH.,e;j epiyikia mndfkhff; $l; Lj;jhgdj;jpd; jiyth> kh mjpfhup Nghd;w cahepiy ephthfpfs; tpuk; Gtjp iy. Nf.v];.eluh[h mthfsk; kpftk; fz;bg;ghdtuhftk; ephthf xoq;fkiwfisr; ruptuf; filg;gp bg;gtuhftk;,ue;jikah kh mjp fhupahf tugthfspd; ed;kjpg;igg; gw;wtuhf,ue;jhh. cyf tof;fg;gb fz;bg;ghd mjp fhupfsf;f,uf;fk; vjphg;g Nf.v];. eluh[h mthfsf;fk; $l;lj;jhgdj; Jf;F cs;nsak; tspnaak;,ue;jj. $l;lj;jhgdj;jp gzpap jtwra; Ak;NghJ mtuh jz;bf;fg;gl;lth fsk;; NtspNa fiy,yf;fpa cyfpy; Kw;Nghf;fhsHfs; vd;w jk;ik mil ahsg;glj;jpf;fhz;l,ljrhupg;nghf; FilatHfSk; Nf.v];.eluh[h mth fs;kpj mjpug;jp fhz;bue;jhhfs;. cs;ns,ue;jthfsf;f eluh[h mth fis gopthq;fk; epidg;g. tspna,ue;j vjphg;ghshfsp cz;ikahfnt jkpo;r;nrit epfo;r;rpfisg; GjpaNfh zj;jp ra;antz;lk; vd;w Nehf;f Ks;stHfSk;,Ue;jhHfs;. mnjneuk; kpftk; rf;jptha;e;jjhf,ue;j thdhyp Clfj;jpDs; vg;gbahtj Eioe;Jtpl Ntz;Lkd;w cs;nehf;fk; fhz;l xypgug;gg; gapw;rpahsh C. V.,uh[Re;juk; thzid ra;jjdh,th mg;gnyh Re;jh vd;wk; miof;fg;gl;lhh.) kw;w khu Re;juypq;fk;>,tH v];. Re;ju ypq;fk;. (,th gupa jhb itj;jpue; jjh jhb Re;jh vd;w miof;fg; gl;lhh.) N[hH[; re;jpunrfud;> tpf;lh> jhrd; ghdhz;nlh> eluh[rptk;> enlr rhkh> kw;wk; ehd; vdf; Fwpg;gpl;ltH fns ciur;rpj;jpu epfo;r;rpfsp gq;f gw;wpndhk;. eluh[rptk; thj;jfnrit ap mwptpg;ghsuhfg; gzpahw;wpath. Rj;jkhd jhdpap thrpf;ff;$bath. mj;jld; NjitNaw;gLk; NghJ ghttspg;ghl;lldk; thrpf;ff;$bath. mtiug; NguhrpupaH ifyhrgjp> xypg ug;gg; gapw;rpahsuhftk; gpd;dh jkpo;r; Nritapd; Nkyjpf gzpg;ghsuhftk;,ue;j,uh[re;juk;> fyhepjp.,e;jpu ghyh MfpNahH jkj ciur;rpj;jpuq; fsp fl;lhakhfr; NrHj;Jf;fhs;thHfs;. ehlfq;fsp ebg;gthfs; gytpj ghtq;fsld; ebj;j mthfsj Fu kf;fspd; kdjp xu ebfupd; Fuyhfg; gjpe;jtplfpwj.,j;jifa ebfhfs; ra;jp thrpj;jh ra;jpfspd; ek;gfj; jd;ik ghjpf;fg;glkd;w fujg;gl; lj. cjhuzkhf> u[dpfhe;j; ra;jp thrpj;jh mij xu ebg;ghfj;jhd; jd;iknahl rw;wk;,izj;jg; ghhf;f KbahJ. Mdh > thj;jf Nritap gzpgup Ak; mwptpg;ghshfs; gytpjkhd Fu gq;fspg;gfisr; ra;antz;bapuf; Fk;. rhjhuz mwptpg;igr; ra;gthf shf> khwgl;l jhdpfsp tpsk;guq; fisr; ra;gthfshf>,irak; fij Ak; epfo;r;rpap ebj;jf; fhl;lgthfshf vd;w gytpjq;fsp jkj Fuiyg; ghtpg;gjh mthfs; NeaHfspilNa gpugykhfpapue;jhyk; mthfsj Fu yp ra;jp thrpg;gjw;nfw;w ek;gfj; jd;ik mw;wg;ngha;tplfpwj. ehd; gzpf;fr; NrHe;j fhyj;jp thj;jfrit mwptpg;ghshfs; ra;jp thrpg;gpypue;j jtphf;fg;gl;lhhfs;. ra;jp thrpg;gj cr;rf;fl;l fsutkhff; fujg;gl;lj. vtuk;,yftp ra;jpthrpg;gtuhf te;jtpl KbahJ. Njrpa Nritap gfjpneu mwptpg;ghsuhf Ie;J tu lq;fs; gzpahw;wpa gpd;dhjhd; ra;jp thrpg;gjw;f tpz;zg;gpf;f KbAk; vd;w tpjp mg;nghj,ue;jj. vg;gbahtj ehd; ra;jp thrpg;ghsdhf te;jtpl Ntz;Lkd;w Nehf;fj;Jld; Ie;Jt Ulq;fs; fhj;jpue;njd;. vogjhk; Mz;L khopfisak;fhz;l Njrpa Nrit ahftk; thj;jf NritahfTk;,aq; fpanghj,e;j,uz;l gpuptfspdj jiyikj;jtkk; rpq;fs mjpfhupfs; trnk,ue;jd. Njrpa Nritap Nf. v];. eluh[h mthfs; Nkyjpf gzpg;ghsuhf,ue;j mtuf;ff;fpo; jkpo;r;nrit,aq;fpdhyk; gzpg;ghsuhf Njkp]; FUNf mthfs;,ue; jjh tspapypue;j jkpo; murpa th jpfspd; FWf;fPLfNsh moj;jq;fnsh gupjhf,uf;ftp iy. jkpo; xyp gug;gp VNjDk; jtwfs; NeHe;jh jft xypgug;g mikr;rf;fhd epjp xjf;fpl;l tpthjk; ghuhskd;wj;jp epfok;nghj CHfhtw;Wiwg; ghuhs kd;w cwg;gpdh Nf.gP.,uj;jpdk; mthfs; mtw;iwr; Rl;bf;fhl;LthH. mt;tsnt. Mdh MSk; fl;rp> $l; Lj;jhgdj;jpd; gzpg;ghsh rigap mq;fj;jtuhf epakpf;fk; jkpohfs; jkpo;r;nritiaj; jkj fl;lg;ghl;lf; Fs; fhz;ltu Ka thhfs;. jkpo;r; Nritap Ntiyra;Ak; CopaH rpyh FWf;F topap Kd;NdWtjw;fhfj; jkpo;r;nrit,af;fduf;f vjpuhfg; gzpg;ghshrig mq;fj;jtuplk;,uf rpakhfr; rd;w Kiwaplj; jhlq;f thfsk;,ue;jhhfs;. me;j epiyapny,ljrhupg; Nghf;fpidf;fhz;l mu rhq;fk; mike;jj mj;jifathfsf;f tha;g;ghfg;ngha;tpl;lj. xypgug;gf; $l;lj;jhgdj; jkpo;r;nrit eltbf; iffsp FWf;fPL ra;ak; re;jhg; gj;ij mthfsf;f toq;fpaj. Ml;rpf;F te;j,ljrhupf; fl;rpfspd; rhhgp jkpohfs; vtuk; NjHjyp tw;wpgw;wg; ghuhskd;wj;jpw;fr; r yhj epiyap mikr;ruitap xu jkpoh,uf;fntz;lkd;w mu rhq;fk; fujpajh mg;nghj rdw; wuhf,ue;j r iyah Fkhu#upaH mthfs; jgh > jhiyj;jhlhg mikr;ruhf epakpf;fg;gl;lhh.,th jhop upjpahf xu fl;ll tbtikg; Gg; ghwpapayhsh. mjtiufhykk; jhdz;l jd; NtiyAz;L vd;w,ue;j mth jpbud murpayp gpugykhfnt gyh mtiu kha;f;fj; jhlq;fpdhhfs;. mg;gb mtiu kha;j;jthfsp xypgug;gf; $l;lj; jhgdj; jkpo;r; Nritap fz;itj;j Kw;Nghf;fhsHfSk;,Ue;jdH. mth jhlu;jy; 84k; gf;fk;

- 84 - jha;tpl brk;gu; December 2018 xypgug;gg; gapw;rp... 83k; gf;fj; jhlhr;rp... fspd; J}z;Ljyh Fkhu#upaH mth fs; vg;gbnah jkpo;r;nritiaf; fz; fhzpf;fk; ghwg;ig vlj;jf;fhz; lhh.

86 jha;tpl brk;gu; December 2018 xypgug;gg; gapw;rp... 83k; gf;fj; jhlhr;rp... fspd; J}z;Ljyh Fkhu#upaH mth fs; vg;gbnah jkpo;r;nritiaf; fz; fhzpf;fk; ghwg;ig vlj;jf;fhz; lhh. mtuf;f me;jg; ghwg;g mu rhq;fj;jh cj;jpnahf G+Htkhf toq; fg;gl;ljh vd;gj jupatp iy. Vd dp xypgug;gf; $l;lj;jhgdk; jft xypgug;g mikr;rpd; fpo;,aq;ftj. ke;jpup rigap jft xypgug;g mikr;ruhf MH.v];. gnuuh mthfs;,ue;jhhfs;. rpq;fs Nritia NtW xu mikr;rh Nkw;ghHit ra;tij mth mdkjpj;jpuf;fkhl;lhh. Mdh jkpo;r;nritjhnd jdf;f xu jiy apb Fiwe;jJ vd;w,ij mdkjpj; jpuf;fyhk;. mndfkhfj; jkpo; tpl aq;fsp rpq;fs murpa thjpfnsh mjpfhupfnsh mf;fiw vlg;gjp iy. VNjh ele;jh NghJk; vd;w epiy jhd; mthfsf;f.,e;j epiyiar; rpy jkpo;g; gzpg;ghshrig cwg;gpdh fs; jkf;fr; rhjfkhfg; gad;glj;jpf; fhs;thhfs;. Mdh ephthfj;jp mthfspd; jiyapl mjpfkhf,ug; gij xypgug;gf; $l;lj;jhgd cah mjpfhupfs; tpuk;gtjp iy.,k;kiw xu jkpo; mikr;rnu Neubahfj; jiy apltjh v NyhUk; mikjp fhj; jhhfs;.,g;gbahd murpa j; jiy apl vg;gbahd xu Fog;gepiyf;F,l;Lr;r Yk; vd;w ftiy Rje;jpu khd #oyp Clfg; gzpahw;wntz; Lkd;W epidf;fk; $l;lj;jhgdj; jkpo; xypgug;ghshfs; midtuf;fk; mg;nghj,ue;jj. Fkhu#upaH mthfs; fhok;gp trpf;fk; Nkw;jl;Lj; jkpoh thf;fj;ijr; NrHe;jtH. tw;wpfukhd jhopyhd;iw elj;jpf;fhz;bue;jth. mtuf;f mu rpaw; #JthJfs;> Fj;Jtl;Lfsp gupr;rakpuf;f tha;g;gpue;jpuf;fhj. vg;nghjnk murpa thjpfisf;fhz;l fhupak; rhjpf;f epidg;gthfs; gpio ahd Nehf;fk; fhz;lthfshfnt,ug;ghhfs; vd;gj ghjthdj vd; gjh Fkhu#upaiug; Nghd;w xuth mikr;ruhfg; Gjpjhfg; gjtpnaw;wf; fhz;lj mj;jifathfsf;f tha;g; ghfg;ngha;tpl;lj.,tw;iwa yhk; mq;f gzpgupe;j jkpo; xypgug;ghsh fs; ftiyald; ftdpj;jf; fhz; buf;f> Fkhu#upaH mthfisr; #o;e;j $l;lk; tytile;jj. Ml;rpg; gyk; typik kpf;fj. Fkhu#upaH mthfsj tpl;b fpukkhff; $l;lq;fs; eil gw;wd. xypgug;gf; $l;lj;jhgdj; jkpo;r;nrit gw;wpa tplaq;fns mq;f Kjd;ikgw;W epd;wjhfg; Ngr;R mb gl;lj. Fkhu#upaH jhd; ghwg;ngw; wpuf;fk; gzpahfpa jgh > jhiyj; jhlhg mikr;r Ntiyfis tpl xypgug;gf; $l;lj;jhgdj; jkpo;r;nrit tplaq;fspnyna mjpf Neuj;ijr; rytplfpwhud;w Ntbf;ifahfg; Ngrpf;fhs;thHfs;. jkpo;f;f tpr; r% fj;ijr; NrHe;j Kw;Nghf;Fthjpfs; vd;w mwpag;gl;l rpyh Kidg;ghf,Ue;jjh mthfsh Fkhu#upaH mthfisj; jk;ik ek;gitf;f Kbe; jj. vdnt mthfis cs;slf;fpa xu MNyhridr; rig mikf;fg;gl; lj. Nf.v];.eluh[h mthfis,af; Fduhf itj;jf;fhz;l jq;fsh xd;wnk ra;a Kbahjd;gjh. NtW xutiu me;jg; gjtpap,uj;jp dh jhd; jhk; epidj;jtw;iw ra;a KbAk; vd;w fujpdhhfs;. mjw;f Vw;wtuhf mg;nghj xypgug;gf; $l; Lj;jhgdj;jp gapw;rpg; gpuptp Jiz,af;Fduhfg; gzpahw;wpa rp.tp.,uh [Re;juk; mthfisj; juptra;j> Nkyjpf,af;Fduhf epakpj;jj; jkpo;r; Nrit xd;wpd; ephthfg;ghwg;g KO tijak; mtuplk; ifaspj;jhhfs;. Nf.v];.eluh[h mthfs; Nrit,uz; bw;f kl;lnk ghwg;ghf,ue;jhh. rp.tp.,uh[re;juk; mthfs; XH Mq;fp yf; fiyg; gl;ljhup. 1955k; Mz;l stp,yq;if thdhypapd; f tpr; Nritap XH,sepiy cj;jpnahfj; juhf,ize;j fhz;lth. gpd;dh Njrpa Nritap rka epfo;r;rpj; jah upg;ghsuhftk; mijj; jhlhe;j ciur;rpj;jpu epfo;r;rpfspd; jahupg;ghsuhftk; flikahw;wp> 1960-fspd; gpw; gfjpap gp.gp.rp.-iar; NrHe;j ];Utl; Ntt mthfs;,yq;if thdhyp apd; gapw;rpg; gpupit Muk;gpj;jNghJ mjp cjtp,af;fduhf,ize;j fhz;lth. Neubahf epfo;r;rpj; jah upg;g> mwptpg;g> xypgug;g vd;gtw;iwg; gapw;wtpg;gjw;fk; mg;gh xypgug;gr; rpj;jhe;jq;fs;> Nfhl;ghLfs; gw;wpak; fw;gpg;gjp jpwikkpf;ftuhf tpsq;fp ath rp.tp.,uh[re;juk; mthfs;. mt uj gapw;rp tfg;gfsf;fr; rd;w vdf;f xypgug;gf; fiyad;gj epfo;r;rp jahupg;gjk; mwptpg;gjk; kl; Lk y> mijtpl kpftk; Nkyhd r% fk; rhhe;j XH Mo;e;j fiy vd;gjk; Clfk; vd;gj gy gupkhzq;fisf; fhz;l xu Jiw vd;gjk; Gupaj; jhlq;fpaj. mtuj Mq;fpyg; Gy ikak; gapw;rp tfg;ig XH mhg;g zpg;gld; elj;jfpd;w ghq;fk; vd;id kpftk; fthe;jj. mtiug;nghynt ehdk; xypgug;gf;fiyapd; Mo> mf yq;fisg; Gupe;jtdhf tuntz;lk;> Mq;fpy mwpit tpuj;jpra;a Ntz; Lk; vd;w ehd; fujpf;fhz;bue;j fhyk;.,uh[re;juk; mthfisr; #o;e;j vg;nghjnk jkpo;f; f tpr; r%fj;ijr; NrHe;j fyhepjpfs;,ug;ghhfs;. mth fs; midtuk;,ize;j,uh[re; juk; mthfisj; jkpo;r;nrit xd;wpw; Fg; ghwg;ghf Fkhu#upaH %yk; epakpj;jhhfs;. xu rpw MWjyhd tplak; vd;dtd; wh >,g;nghija murpaw; #o vd; wh Nf.v];. eluh[h mthfisj; J}f;fpawpe;Jtpl;L murhq;ff; fl;rpj; jhz;ldhf,uf;fk; m yj re; jhg;gj;jpw;nfw;wthw jhz;ldhf ebf; Fk; xu filepiy Copaiuf;$l,af;FdH gjtpap mkhj;jpapug;ghh fs;. Mdh me;jf; fhyj;jp jhop mwk;> ephthf jhkk; vd;gd XusT filg;gpbf;fg;gl;ljh rp.tp.,uh[re; juk; Nghd;w xuth jkpo;r;nritapd; Nkyjpf gzpg;ghsuhf epakpf;fg;gl; lhh. mj$l,uh[re;juk; mthfis tpl Nritap %j;jthfs; (seiority) rpyh,uf;f mtiu,af;fduhf epa kpg;gj ephthf xoq;fpdkhfg; Ngha; tplkd;w fhuzj;jh,uh[re;juk; mthfsf;f xypgug;gf; $l;lj;jhgd ephthfj;jh jw;fhypf(actig) gjtpah fnt mj toq;fg;gl;lj. $l;lj;jhg dj;jpd; ephthf eilkiwfisg; gpwh khw;wk; mstf;f tpl;lf;fhlf;fkhl; lhhfs;.,uh[re;juk; mthfspd; epakdk; mq;f gzpahw;wpf;fhz;bue;j mtuj rk fhy xypgug;ghsh rpyuf;f mjpug; jpia Vw;gLj;jpdhYk; vk;nghd;w,is QHfSf;F epk;kjpiaj; je;jj.,uh [Re;juk; mthfisr; Rw;wpapUe;j f tpr; r%fj;ijr;nrhe;j Kw;Nghf;fhsH fs; mtiu Kd;dpWj;jpj; jkj Nehf; fq;fis epiwntw;wtjw;ff; fpilj;j re;jhg;gkhff; fujp xu fhz;lhl;l kdepiyap,ue;jhhfs;. Nfhl;ilahd;iwg; gpbj;j kfpo;r;rp. epfo;r;rpfisj; jpl;lkpltj jhlf;fk; epfo;r; rpg; gpujpfisg; ghhitapl;l mdk jpj;j > mwptpg;ghshfsf;fhd Fu g; gupnrhjid ra;j > epfo;r;rpj; jhfg; ghshfis epakpj;j > jahupg;ghshf isj; juptra;j vd;w rfy gzp fspyk; mthfsj jiyaplk; Mjpf; fkk; epytpaj. gy GjpatHfs; xyp gug;gf; $l;lj;jhgdj;jp elkhlj; jhlq;fpdhhfs;.,uh[re;juk; mthfs; XH mwpthhe;j jkpo; xypgug;gr; r%fj;ij cuthf;f Ntz;Lkd;w Kidg;gp kpf cw;rh fkhfg; gy xypgug;gg; gapw;rp mkht fisj; jdj mytyfj;jpnyna elj; jpdhh. mj;jifa xu gapw;rp ewpap cw;rhfj;jld; gq;fgw;wp rhd;wpjo; gw;wthfsp ehdk; xutd;.,uh[ Re;juk; mthfs; rpyh Nf.v];. eluh[h mthfsf;f vjpuhfj; jd;idg; gad; glj;jfpwhhfs; vd;nwh me;jg; gjtp jdf;f epue;jukhdj y> Ml;rp khwp dh iftplg;gl;ltplntdd;nwh fu jhk m yj mijg; ghul;glj; jhk jdj Neubf; fz;fhzpg;gpyk; topg;glj;jjypyk; mwptkpf;f gilg; ghw;w kpf;f xypgug;ghshfis cu thf;ff; fpilj;j re;jhg;gkhf mijf; fujpf; flikahf cioj;jhh. mbf; fb jahupg;ghshfisf;$l;bg; GJg;GJ epfo;r;rpfisj; jahupf;fj; jpl;lkpl;lhh. cz;ikap jkpo; xypgug;gj;jiwap mj xu Kf;fpakhd fhyfl;lk;.,uh [Re;juk; mthfspd; guk; ghoj epiyaj;jpnyna fope;jj. gy ciur; rpj;jpuq;fs; jahupf;fg;gl;ld. mtw; wpd; xypg;gjptpd;nghj fiyafj;jpd; epfo;r;rp xypg;gjpt ra;ak; miwap mkhe;jpug;ghh. xypg;gjptp Fwpg;ghf,ir xypg;gjptp FiwghLfs; jd; gl;lh rpdk;fhs;thh. ehk NyhUk; xutpj,wf;fj;jld; (tetio) Ntiy ra;nthk;. thdiyap mwptpg;gfisr; ra;ak;nghjk; vq;nf,uh[re;juk; mthfs; Nfl;Lf;fhz;bUg;ghNuh vd;w gjw;wk; epytk;. xuehs; Nrit xd;wpd; fhiy xyp gug;gp xu gz; mwptpg;ghsh gzp ap,ue;jhh. ehd; epfo;r;rpj; jahupg;g cjtpahsdhfg; gzpahw;wpndd;. jpbud,uh[re;juk; mthfs; fiya fj;jpw;fs; te;j mwptpg;ghshfs; itj; jpuf;fk; epfo;r;rp tpguj; jhis (cue sheet) thq;fpg;ghhj;jhh. clnd Nfhg khf mij tprpwp vwpe;jtpl;lg; Ngha; tpl;lhh. vkf;f vjtk; Gupatp iy. gpd;dh epfo;r;rp tpguj; jhsp rupah ff; Fwpg;gplg;gl;bUe;Jk; xu,uhfj; jpd; gaiuj; jtwhf cr;rupj;jikf; fhf me;j mwptpg;ghsuf;f vr;rupf;iff; fbjkhd;w mtuh mdg;gpitf;fg; gl;lnghjjhd; mth fhiyap Nfhgg; gl;ljd; fhuzk; Gupe;jJ.,g;gbf; fz;bg;ghd epiy,ue;jjh mq;f gzpahw;wpa midtiuak; xypgug;g gw;wpa rpe;jidna vg;nghjk; Ml; fhz;bue;jj. me;j epiy vdf;fg; gpbj;jpue;jj. xypgug;ig xu tpis ahl;lhfnth rk;gsj;jpw;fhfr; ra;ak; xu NtiyahfNth fujhk mjd; Kf;fpaj;Jtj;ijAk; Nkd;ikiaAk; vdf;f czhj;jpa ehl;fs; mit. jhop upjpahf,uh[re;juk; mthfs; e ygpg;gpuhak; itj;jpue;j xurpyup ehdk; xutd; vd;gj xypgug;gj; Jiw ap NkYk; rpwg;ghfg; gzpahw;w Ntz; Lk; vd;w ce;jjiy vdf;fj; je;jj.,uh[re;juk; mthfsh fz;bf;fg; gl;l rk;gtk; vdf;fk;,uf;fpwj. mij Vw;fdNt,e;jf; fl;liuj; jhlup Fwpg;gpl;bUf;fpNwd;.,Wjpahf ehk; vjphghhj;jjnghynt 1977k; Mz;Lj; NjHjyp rpwpyq;fh Rje;jpuf;fl;rp Njh tpaile;j kpz; Lk; If;fpa Njrpaf;fl;rp N[.MH. 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Clfj; Jiw rk;ge;jkhf Mq;fpyj;jp rpy E} fisak; vojpa mth 2011k; Mz;b fhykhdhh. ehd; fdlhtpw;f te;j mtuld; kpf euq;fpg; gofp mtuj,wjpf;fhyk;tiu jhlhgp,ue;njd;.,d;wtiu mtuj gps; isfnshlk; jhlhigg; NgZfpNwd;. vdj jhop tho;f;ifiar; rg;g dpltjp rp.tp.,uh[re;juk; mthfspd; gq;f kpfg; gupaj. xypgug;g vd;wtld; mwptpg;ghshf isak; thj;jfnritiaak; kl;lnk mwpe;jpuf;fk; jkpo;r;r%fj;jp,yq; ifapd; xypgug;gj;jiwf;f rhtnjr kl;lj;jp guik NrHj;j rp.tp.,uh [Re;juktHfis mwpe;jpug;gthfs; xg;gpl;lstp kpff;fiwthdthfshfnt,ug;ghhfs;. jhluk;. wikeswara.p@thaiveedu.com

87 jha;tpl brk;gu; December fdlh jkpo; voj;jhsh,izak; elj;jk; rpwfijg; Nghl;b fdlhtpy; fle;j 25 tulq;fshfg; gy;ntw topfspy; fiy>,yf;fpa Nritahw;wptUk; fdlh jkpo; voj;jhsu;,izak;> jdj 25tJ Mz;L epiwit Kd;dpl;L elj;jk; cyfshtpa rpwfijg; Nghl;b. KjyhtJ gupr:,yq;if &gha;fs; - 50>000,uz;lhtJ gupr:,yq;if &gha;fs; - 30>000 %d;whtj gupr (,uz;l voj;jhsu;fsf;f): jyh,yq;if &gha;fs; - 20>000 VO ghuhl;lg; guprfs:; xt;thutuf;fk;,yq;if &gha;fs; Ie;J Cf;fg; guprfs;: xt;thutuf;fk;,yq;if &gha;fs; Nghl;bf;fhd tpjp Kiwfs;: Nghl;bf;F mdg;gg;glk; rpwfijfs; mr;rg; gjptpy; 1200 thu;j;ijfsf;f Nkw;glhky;,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;. xu voj;jhsu;> xu rpwfij kl;lnk mdg;g KbAk;. Nghl;bf;F mdg;gpitf;fg;glk; rpwfijfs;>,jw;f Kd; ve;jg; gj;jpupifapnyh> my;yj,izaj;jsj;jpnyh gpurukhftpy;iy vd;wk;>,e;jg; Nghl;b KbTfs; tspahfk;tiu gpuruj;jpw;fhf mdg;gtjpy;iy vd;wk; cwjp khop juntz;lk;. tpjpkiwfsf;f kpwpa fijfs; Vw;Wf; fhs;sg;glkhl;lhj. Nghl;bapy; gq;fgw;wk; voj;jhsu;fs; mdg;gpitf;fk; rpwfijfs; jq;fs; rhe;jf; fw;gid vd;gijak;,e;jg; Nghl;bf;fhf mtu;fshy; vojg;gl;lj vd;gijak; kpd;dq;ry; %yk; cwjpg; glj;j Ntz;Lk;. cwjpg;glj;jhj fijfs; Vw;Wf; fhs;sg;glkhl;lhj. Nghl;bf;fhd rpwfijfs; jkpou;fspd; tho;tpanyhl jhlu;gilajhf mtu;fsj murpay;> ghushjhu> r%fk; rhu;e;j tplaq;fsf;fs; miktj tuntw;fj;jf;fj. rpwfijfs;> kpd;dq;rypy; ghkpdp Oj;JUtpy; my;yj A+dpf;Nfhl; voj;jutpy; kl;lk; mdg;g Ntz;Lk;. Nghl;bf;F mdg;gk; gpujpfs; jpug;gp mdg;gg;glkhl;lhj. rpwfijfs; vkf;ff; fpilj;jjk; mj gw;wp voj;jhsuf;f mwptpf;fg;glk;. voj;jhsu;fs; jq;fsj rupahd gau;> mtu;fsj,ug;gpl Kftup Mfpatw;iw rpwfijfs; mdg;gk; NghJ jdpahff; Fwpg;gpl Ntz;Lk;. KbTfs; tsptuk;tiu Nghl;bf;F mdg;gg;gl;l rpwfijfis> NtW,jOf;Nfh>,izaj;jpw;Nfh> tiyg;gjptfsf;nfh my;yj NtW Nghl;bfSf;Nfh mdg;gf;$lhj. guprf;fupa fijfis eltu; FO guprpypj;j Nju;e;jLf;Fk;. eltu;fspd; jpu;g;ng,wjpahfk;.,e;jg; Nghl;b jhlu;ghd vt;tpj fbjg; Nghf;Ftuj;Njh> jhiyngrp> kpd;dq;ry; tprhupg;gfnsh Vw;Wf; fhs;sg;gl khl;lhj. Nghl;bf;fhd KbT jpfjp gg;utup 28 Mk; jpfjp (fdlh Neug;gb,uT 12 kzp) KbTfs;,izaj; jsj;jpyk; gj;jpupiffspyk; Vg;uy; khjk; 2019,y; tspaplg;glk;. gupr gw;wtu;fsf;f kpd;dq;ry; %yk; mwpaj;jug;gl;l> gzg;guprk; ghuhl;lg; gj;jpukk; mdg;gp itf;fg;glk;. guprf;f jupthfk; rpwfijfis E}y; tbtkhfnth> my;yj jhlu;g rhjdq;fspnyh tspaplk; cupik> fdlh jkpo; voj;jhsu;,izaj;jpw;f cupaj. Nghl;bf;fhd rpwfijfis mdg;gp itf;f Ntz;ba kpd;dq;ry; Kftup: caadatamilwriters2019@gmail.com.,iza Kftup : FU mutpe;jd; jiytu; Mu;.vd;. NyhNfe;jpuypq;fk; rayhsu; fdlh jkpo; voj;jhsu;,izak;

- 86 - jha;tpl brk;gu; December 2018 ehd; Njk;gp moj fhz;bue;njd;. mij epwj;j vd; mk;khtk; mg;ghtk; vt;tsnth Kad;whHfs;.,Ue;Jk; epwj;j,aytp iy.,j vd; Muk;g fhy epidtfsp xd;w.

88 jha;tpl brk;gu; December 2018 ehd; Njk;gp moj fhz;bue;njd;. mij epwj;j vd; mk;khtk; mg;ghtk; vt;tsnth Kad;whHfs;.,Ue;Jk; epwj;j,aytp iy.,j vd; Muk;g fhy epidtfsp xd;w. mjd; gpd; mg;gh glf;if miwap ypue;j tspna rd;whh. mk;kh vd;id rikayiwf;f vlj;jr; rd;w fhiyazt Nkirap,Uf;f itj; jhh. fhd;> fhd;> (,q;nf ghh>,q;nf ghh) vd;whh> FspHrhjdg; gl;bf;f NkNy,Ue;j guprfisr; Rw;wp itf;fk; fhfpjj; jhs; xd;iw,oj;jhh. gy Mz;Lfshf mk;kh fpwp];k]; gupr fs; tuk; fhfpjq;fis kpff; ftdkhf fow;wp vlj;j FspHrhjdg; gl;bf;f NkNy khj;jkhff; fl;br; Nrfupj;J itj;jpue;jhh. mjp xu fhfpjj;ij vlj;j voj;njh glnkh, yhj gfjp NkNy jupa tpupj;j mij kbf;f Muk;gpj;jhH. ehd; motij epwj;jp tpl;l mtiu MHtj;Jld; ghhj;jf; fhz;bue;njd;. 1973k; Mz;L tre;j fhyj;jp jpukz mwpkf Nritap jd;idg; gjpt ra;jpue;jhh. me;j tpsk;gug; Gj;jfg; glg; gf;fq;fisg; Gul;bf; fhz;b Ue;jhH. xt;thu gf;fj;jpyk; xu rpytpehbfsf;f Nk mth jd; ft dj;ijr; ryj;jtp iy. mg;nghj jhd; xu gf;fj;jp vd; mk;khtpd; glj;ijg; ghhj;jhh. mk;khtpd; me;jg; glj;ij ehd; xu NghJNk ghhf;ftp iy. mg;ghjhd; me;jg; glj;ijg; gw;wp tpgupj;jhh.,e;jf; fij Kjd; Kjyhf The Magazie of Fatasy & Sciece Fictio March/April 2011, gpurukhfpaj.,jw;f `panfh> egyh> Nt l; /g;d;u]p tpujfs; fpilj;jd. fd; ypa+ (1976) rpdhtp gpwe;j mkupf; fhtpw;fj; jd; gjpdhu tajp gz;fs; mzpak; ghthil Nghl;Lf; fhz;l mk;kh xu ehw;fhypap,ue;jfhz;bue;jhh. mtupd; jiy fkuhg;gf;fk; jpuk;gp,ue;jj. mt upd; epz;l fwj;j jiykb eq;rp Yk; NjhspYk; mofhfj; jhq;fpf; fhz;bue;jj. mikjpahd Foe;ij apd; fz;fsh mtiug; ghhj;jhh. me;j tpsg;gug; Gj;jfj;jp mth ghhj;j filrpg; gf;fk; mjjhd;> vd; whh> mg;gh. tpsk;gug; Gj;jfk;> mtsf;f taj FbNawpatH. mwptpa GidTk; kpkpiff; fw;gidf; fijak; vojfpwhh. rpd khopapypue;j Mq;fpyj;Jf;F khopahf;fk; ra;fpwhh. The Three -Body Problem vd;w khopgahg;g ehtyf;f `panfh tpuj fpilj;js;sj. khopgahg;g ehtyf;ff; fpilj;j Kj tpuj mj. Mq;fpy,yf;fpaj;jp gl;lkk; gpd; `hhtl; rl;lf; f - Y}upap rl;lkk; gbj;jth. jj.,e;jj; jft fs; gpio vd;w gpd;dh jhd; mg;ghtf;fj; jupa te; jj. mg;gh mtuf;ff; fbjk; vojpdhh. epwtdk; jft fis mtuf;fk; mg; ghtf;fk; khwp khwp gupkhwpf; fhz; bue;jj.,wjpap > mk;khitg; ghhg; gjw;fhf mg;gh `hq;fhf;f gwe; jhh. epwtdj;jp Ntiy ra;jthfs; jhd; mtuila gjp fis vojpf; fhz; bue;jhhfs;. mtuf;f fhq;rk; $l fhfpjj;ijj; jpug;gpg; Nghl;L jpuk;g Tk; kbj;jhh. mjd; gpd; mijf; iffsf;;fs; Ftpj;J mjw;fs; fhfpjk; kiwak;tiu kbg;gf;fshf kbj;jhh. jpuk;gtk; cs;ns kbj;jhh. Rw;wpdhH. KWf;fpdhH. gpwf kbj;j me;jf; fhfp jf; fl;ilj; jd; tha;f;ff; fhz;l te;j xu gyhid CJtijg; Nghy CjpdhH. fhd;>,q;nf ghh. yh$ - Gyp vd;whh. gpd; iffis Nkirap itj;j> Gypia Nkirap tpl;lhh. rpwpajhu Gyp xd;w Nkirap epd; wj. mjd; mst,uz;l ifkl;bf isak; NrHj;Jg; gpbj;j khjpup,uf; Fk;. Gypj;Njhypd; Nkw;gug;gp fhfpjj;; jhspd; NkYs;s tbtq;fs; jupe; jd. ts;is epw gpd;dzpap Nghlg; gl;bue;j rptg;g epw tise;j gpuk;g ifg;gpb,dpg;gk;> gr;ir epw fpw]; k]; kuq;fsk; jupe;jd. mk;khtpd; me;jg; gilg;igj; jhl tjw;f ifepl;bndd;. Njhl;lNghJ mjd; th gpd;dp,oj;jj. vd; tpu yp tpisahl;lhf gha;e;jj. NwhHH rh> vd;w cwkpaj. cwk G+idapd; cwk rj;jj;jpw;fk; Gjpdj;jhs;fspd; rurug;gpw;fk;,ilg;gl;ljhf,ue;jj. ehd; rpupj;njd;. Kjyp jplf;fw;w gpd; mjd; KJifj; Ms;fhl;b tpuyh jltpndd;. fhfpjg; Gyp vd; tpuypd; fpo; mjphtw;w> kypjhf cwkpaj.,ij xwpfhkp vd;w miog;ghhfs;> vd;whs; mk;kh. mjhtj> fhfpjj;ij kbj;j ghk;ik ra;ak; fiy. mg;nghj mj vd;dtd;w vdf;fj; jupahj. Mdh mk;khtpd; md;g tpnrrkhdj. mts; jd; caph %r;ir mjw;fs; ryj;jpapue;jhs;. mtspd; caph%r;r mjds; gfpug;gl;bue;jj. mtspd; capuh mj mire;jj. mjnt mtspd; khatpj;ij. mg;gh mk;khit tpsk;gug; Gj;j fj;jp,ue;jjhd; jupt ra;j jpu kzk; Kbj;jtH. xukiw ehd; cahepiyg; gs;spap gbj;jf; fhz;bue;jnghj mijg; gw;wpa tpguj;ij mg;ghtplk; Nfl;Nld;. mg;nghj mth vd;id mk;khtld; jpuk;gtk; fijf;f itf;f Kad;W fhz;bue;jhh. fhfpj kpuff; fhl;rpr;rhiy fkuhtf;f xu gf;fj;ijf; fhl;bf; fhz;l>,wf;fkhd gr;ir epw gl;l rpnahd;rhk;,wf;fkhd foj;jtiu Nghl;l> fh gf;fk; tl;ba rpdg; - fd; ypa+ jkpop : vd;.nf.kfhypq;fk; gjpdl;l vd;wk;> mtsf;f eldkh lg; gpbf;fk; vd;wk;> `hq;fhq;ifr; NrHe;jts; vd;wgbah e yhf Mq; fpyk; NgRths; vd;wk; Fwpg;gpl;bUe; Mq;fpyk; jupahj> ` Nyh> Fl;ig vd;w thhj;ijfisj; jtpu. jhlu;jy; 87k; gf;fk;

89 jha;tpl brk;gu; December 2018 fhfpj kpuff;... 86k; gf;fj; jhlhr;rp... vg;gbahd xu gz; tpsk;gug; Gj;j fj;jp Nghl;L jd;id tpw;ghs;? cah ju gs;spap gbf;fk; NghJ v yh tplaq;fsk; vdf;fj; jupak; vd;w epidj;jf; fhz;bue;njd;. itd; kjitg; Nghy> kw;wthfisg; gw;wpf; Nftykhf epidg;gjk;. mj Nghij Ak; kaf;fkk; juk;. me;j mytyfj;jpw;fr; rd;w jhd; fhlj;j gzj;ijj; jpug;gpj; jur; rh yhky>; N`hl;lyp,Ue;j gup rhufpf;fg; gzk; fhlj;j mk;khtld; jhd; NgRtij mtis khop gahg; Gr; ra;af; Nfl;lhH. ehd; NgRk;NghJ mts; vd;idg; ghhg;ghs;. fz;fs; gaj;ijak; mnj Ntis ek;gpf;ifiaak; fhl;bd. ehd; rh tij me;jg; guprhufg; gz; khopgahf;f Muk;gpf;Fk;NghJ mts; kjthf Gd;diff;f Muk;gpg;ghs;. fdf;upf;fl;lf;fj; jpuk;gp te;j mk; khit,q;nf tutiog;gjw;fhd gj; jpuq;fsf;f tpz;zg;gpf;f Muk;gpj; jhh. xu tulj;jpd; gpd; ehd; gpwe; Njd;. ehd; Nfl;ljpw;fpzq;f mk;kh xu ML> xu khd;> xu eph vuik Mfp adtw;iw> guprfs; Rw;Wk; fhfpjj;jp ra;j je;jhh. Kd; kz;lgj;jp Gyp cwkpf; fhz;l Juj;jpj; Juj;jpr; r y kw;w kpufq;fs; Rw;wpr; Rw;wp XLk;. mtw;iwg; gpbj;j mtw;ws;sp Ue;j fhw;w NghFk;tiu ehd; mkf; fpatld; mit kbe;j jl;ilahfp> kbe;j fhfpjq;fshfp tplk;. mjd; gpwf jpuk;gtk; fhq;r Neuk; Rw;wpr; Rw;wp XLtjw;fhf mtw;wf;fs; fhw;iw CJNtd;. rpyntisfs; me;j kpufq;fs; Mgj; Jf;Fs;shfp tplk;. xukiw eph vuik czt Nkirap,Ue;j Nrhahf; $o;r;rl;bf;fs; tpoe;j tpl;lj. mjw; Fs; fple;j Gus tpuk;gpaj> cz;ik ahd xu eph vuikiag; Nghy. ehd; cldbahf mij tspna vlj;j tpl;nld;. Mdh mjd; kaphj;jisj; jhf;fk; fuikahd jputj;ij jd; fh fsf;fs; NkNy,Oj;Jf; fhz; lj. Nrhahf; $o; fhiy kd;ikahf;fp tpl;lj. mjdh mj jd; fh fsp epw;f,ayhk Nkirap rupe;j tpoe;j tpl;lj. ehd; mij tapyp fha itj;j cyhj;jpndd;. MdhYk; mjd; fh fs; tise;j Nfhzyhfp tpl;ld. mjdh mj XLk;NghJ jhz;bj; jhz;bna XLk;. mk;kh,wjpap mjd; fh fis xu rud; ciwah Rw;wpf; fl;b tpl;lhh. mjw; Fg; gpd; mj tpuk;gpa mst epus; fple;j GuSk;;. Nrhah $Of;Fs; m y. xukiw ehdk; yh$tk; GypAk; gpd; Kw;wj;jp tpisahbf; fhz;bue;j NghJ mj rpl;lf; FUtpfspd; Nk ghak; tpug;gk; fhz;lj. xukiw mg;gbj; jhf;fg;gl;l xu FUtp ifaw epiyap Gypapd; fhijf; fpopj;j tpl;lj. Gypia ehd; vd; iffsp Ve;jpNdd;. mj moj Guz;L Ntjidg;gl;lJ. mk;kh te;j mjd; fhijr; Rw;wp xu ehlhth xw;wg; Nghl;lhs;. gpd;dh mj gw itfisg; Juj;Jtijj; jtphj;j tpl; lj. mjd; gpwf xuehs; Rwh kpd;fs; gw;wpa jhiyf;fhl;rp Mtzg;glk; xd;iwg; ghhj;jf; fhz;bue;njd;. mijg;nghy kpd; xd;w vdf;f Ntz;L kd;w mk;khtplk; Nfl;Nld;. mth Rwh kpd; xd;iwr; ra;j je;jhh. Mdh mj kfpo;r;rpaw;w jd; rpwf fis Nkirap mbj;jf; fhz;lj. xu jhl;bf;fs; epiu epug;gp mjw;fs; mij tpl;nld;. mj mjw;fs; kfpo;r; rpald; Rw;wpr;Rw;wp epe;jp te;jj.,ue; Jk;> fhq;r Neuj;jpw;Fg; gpd; mj eph Cwpf; frpe;j Ngha; kjthf rpyntisfs; me;j kpufq;fs; Mgj;Jf;Fs;shfp tplk;. xukiw eph vuik czt Nkirap,Ue;j Nrhahf; $o;r;rl;bf;fs; tpoe;jtpl;lj. mjw;fs; fple;j Gus tpuk;gpaj> cz;ikahd xu eph vuikiag; Nghy. ehd; cldbahf mij tspna vlj;jtpl;nld;. jhl;bapd; mbap jho;e;j NghdJ. mjd; kbg;gf;fs; Fiye;J Nghapd. ehd; jhl;bf;fs; ifia tpl;l mijf; fhg;ghw;wg; NghNdd;. Mdh vdf;; Ff; fpilj;jnjh eide;j fhfpjj; Jz;L kl;le;jhd;. xukiw yh$ jd; Kd;ghjq;fis jhl;bapd; tpspk;gp xd;whf itj;j jd; jiyia mtw;wpd; Nk itj;jj. fhj kl fs; jhq;fpf; fhz;buf;f mbj;jhz;ilah jho;thd Fuyp cwkpaj. mj vd;idf; Fw;wTzH Tf;F cs;shf;fpaj. mk;kh GjpajhU Rwh kpid vdf;fr; ra;j je;jhh.,e;j Kiw mij <aj; jfl;b ra;j je;jpue;jhh. tprhykhd jq;f kpd; jhl;bap Rwh kfpo;r;rp ahf trpj;j te;jj. yh$tk; ehdk; jhl;bf;fg; gf;fj;jp,ue;j ts; spaj; jfl;l kpd;> jq;f kpidj; Juj; Jtijg; ghhj;jf; fhz;bug;nghk;. yh$ jhl;bapd; Nk jd; Kfj;ij kw;wg;gf;fj;jpypue;j itj;jf; fhz; bug;gjh mjd; fz;fis vd;dh ghhf;f Kbe;jJ. fz;fs; Nfhg;gpf; Ftisfs; mst gupjhfj; jupak;. mit vd;id cw;wg; ghhj;jf; fhz; buf;fk;. vdf;f gj;j tajhf,uf;fk; NghJ efuj;jpd; kwgf;fj;jpypue;j Gjpa tpl; Lf;F ehq;fs; tpl khwpr; rd;nwhk;. mayp cs;s,uz;l gz;fs; vq; fis tuntw;f te;jpue;jhhfs;. mg;gh mthfsf;f Fbf;f ghdk; fhlj;j tpl;l> gioa tpl;lf;fhuh tpl;lr; rd;w kpd;rhuf;fl;lzj;ijf; fl;l kpd;rhu epwtdj;jpw;f mtrukhfr; rd;w tpl; lhh. MWjyhf,Ue;J tpl;lr; r Yq;fs;. vd; kidtpf;f Mq;fpyk; mjp fk; Ngr tuhj. fijf;fhk,ue; jh mth gz;gw;wth vd;w epq;fs; epidf;ff; $lhj> vd;w rh yp tpl; Lr; rd;whh. ehd; czt Nkirap,Ue;J thrpj; Jf; fhz;bue;njd;. mk;kh mlf; fisap rhkhd;fisg; gpupj;j itj; Jf; fhz;bue;jhh. te;j maythfs; Kd;$lj;jp,Ue;J rw;wr; rj;jkhfnt Ngrpf; fhz;bue;jhhfs;. mth rhjhuz xutuhfnt jupfpwhh. mth Vd;,g;gbr; ra;jhh? fyg;gj; jpukzq;fs; rupahfnt tu tjp iy. me;jf;foe;ij KO tshr; rpawhjjhfnt jupfpwj. rha;thd fz;fs;. ts;is Kfk;. rpwpa mrud;. mtdf;f Mq;fpyk; Ngrj; jupakh? gpd;dh eprg;jkhfp tpl;lhhfs;. rw;w Neuj;jpw;Fg; gpd; mthfs; cztiwf;f te;jhhfs;. ` Nyh> cdf;fg; gaud;d? [f;> vd;nwd;. mj rpdg; gauhfj; jupatp iyna. mg;nghj mk;kh cztiwf;f te; jhh. gz;fisg; ghh;j;j Gd;difj; jhh. vd;idr; Rw;wp Kf;Nfhzj;jp %d;w gz;fsk; epd;whhfs;. Gd;d ifj;jf; fhz;lk; xutiu ghhj;j jiyairj;jf; fhz;lk; epd;whhfs;. mg;gh jpuk;gp tuk;tiu mthfsf; Fg; NgRtjw;F xd;wnk,uf;ftp iy. mayp,ue;j rpwthfsp xuj; jdpd; gah khhf;. mtd; jd; ];uhh NthH ebfd; xutdhd xgp-thd; fdh gpapd; xspths; kpd;d te;jhd;. mijj; jd; ifiaf; Row;wpdhd;. jfuf; Fu yp > Mw;wiyg; gad;glj;j> vd;w rhd;dhd;. me;j cutk; cz;ikahd xgp-thd; vd;w ehd; ek;gtp iy. ehq;fs;,utuk; Nfhg;gp Nkirabap,Ue;J fhz;l mtd; ra;tijg; ghhj;jf; fhz;bue;njhk;. mtd; mij Ie;J Kiw jpuk;gj; jpuk;gr; ra;jhd;. mtdh NtW vijahtj ra;a KbAkh? vd;w ehd; Nfl;Nld;. ehd; Nfl;l Nfs;tpah khhf; vupr;r mile;jhd;. v yhtw;iwak; ghh> vd; whd;. ehdk; v yhtw;iwak; ghhj;njd;. ghhj;j gpd; vd;d rh tj vd;w vdf;fj; jupatp iy. vd; gjpyh khhf; Vkhw;wkile;jhd;. cd;dila tpisahl;lg; ghul; fis vdf;ff; fhl;l> vd;whd; fhfpj kpufq;fisj; jtpu NtW ve;j tpisahl;lg; ghul;fsk; vd;dplk;,uf;ftp iy. vd; glf;ifaiwapyp Ue;J yh$itf; fhz;l te;njd;. mg;nghj yh$ Nkhrkhf fpope;j NghapUe;jhd;. Nk KOf;f ehlhth Yk; girahyk; xl;lg; Nghl;L,Ue; jj. mk;khtk; ehdk; Nghl;l g yhz;l fhy jpuj;j Ntiyfspd; rhd; whf mit jupe;jd.,g;nghj gioa RWRWg;ghd> cwjpahf elf;fk; Gyp m y mj. mij Nfhg;gp Nkirapd;,Uj;jp itj;njd;. $lj;jpw;fg; gpd;g wk; kw;w kpufq;fs; kjthf Xb tuk; fhybfs; Nfl;ld. gpd;dh mit $lj;js; jaf;fj;jld; vl;bg; ghhg;g ijak; ghhj;njd;. rpnah yh$ fpo;g;gbthd Gyp -vd;w rh yp tpl;l mij Mq;fpyj;jp rh y tspf;fpl;nld;.,jthu Gyp> vd;nwd;. vr;rupf;ifald; yh$ gha;e;j te;j khhf;ifg; ghhj;j cw kpaj. iffis kze;jj. khhf; yh$tpd; NjhypypUe;j glq;fisg; gupnrhjpj;jhd;.,ijg; ghhf;fg; Gypiag; NghyNt, iy. cd;dila mk;kh Fg;igapypUe;jh cdf;f ghk; ikfs; ra;j jufpwhh> vd;whd;. yh$ Fg;igapypUe;J ra;ag;gl;ljhf ehd; vd;wnk epidj;jjp iy. Mdh mij,g;nghj ghhj;jh mj cz; ikahfnt fhfpjj; jhs; jhd;. khhf; xgp-thdpd; jiyiaj; jpuk;g Tk; js;spdhd;. tz;ths; xsphe;jj. jd; Njhs;fis NkYk; cahj;jpaj. Mw;wiyg; gad;glj;j> vd;whd;. yh$ jpuk;gpg; gha;e;jj. Nkirapyp Ue;j gpsh];upf; cutq;fis jl;b tpl;lj. mit jiuap tpoe;j cile; jd. xgpapd; jiy,uf;iff;ff; fpo; cuz;l NghdJ. wht;t;t;> yh$ rpupj;jj. ehdk; mjdld; NrHe;J rpupj;njd;. khhf; vd; Kfj;jp Xq;fpf; Fj;jpdhd;.,J tpiy cahe;jj!,g;nghj,j filfspyk; fpilf;fhj. cd;dila mg;gh cd; mk;khtf;ff; fhlj;j tpiyapyk; ghhf;f,j $Lj tpiy ahf,uf;fk;! ehd; jlkhwp epyj;jp tpoe;njd;. yh$ cwkpf; fhz;l khhf;fpd; Kfj;jp gha;e;jj. khhf; jdf;f Vw;gl;l typapyk; ghhf;f gaj;jpdhyk; Mr;rupaj;jpdhYk; gup jhf Xykpl;lhd;. vg;gbnah> yh$ fhfpjj;jh jhd; ra;ag;gl;lj. khhf; yh$itg; gw;wpg; gpbj;j> iff sp itj;jr; RUl;bf; frf;fp> miu thrpahfg; gpa;j;jhd;. mjd; cwk mlq;fpaj. fhfpjj;jpd;,uz;l Jz; ilak; ge;j Nghyhf;fp vd;dp vwpe; jhd;.,e;jh cd;dila kypthd rpdf; Fg;ig> vd;whd;. khhf; NghdTld; epz;l Neuk; ryt opj;j me;jj; Jz;Lfis jpuk;gtk; totog;ghf;fp> klf;fg;gl;l,lq;fis xoq;fhf;fp> yh$it ehlhth xl;l Kad;Nwd;. mj tw;wpaspf;ftp iy. kw;w kpufq;fs; kjthf trpg;giwf;f te;j vd;idak;> fpope;j Nghd> fhfp jj;jh ra;j iee;j Nghd yh$ itak; Rw;wp,Ue;J fhz;ld. khhf;fldhd vdj rz;il mj; Jld; Kbatp iy. khhf; gs;spf; $lj;jp gpugykhd rpwtd;. gpwf te;j jhlu;jy; 88k; gf;fk;

90 jha;tpl brk;gu; December 2018 fhfpj kpuff;... 87k; gf;fj; jhlhr;rp...,uz;l fpoikfisak; gw;wp ehd; epidf;f tpuk;gtp iy.,uz;l fpoikf;fg; gpwf te;j me;j ts;spf;fpoik ehd; tpl te;njd;. rparpna `hx kh gs;;spf;$lk; e yh,ue;jjh?- vd;w mk;kh Nfl;lhs;. ehd; xd;wk; rh yhk foptiwf; Fr; rd;w fz;zhbiag; ghhj;njd;. mk;khitg; Nghy ehd;, iy., ynt, iy.. vd;w epidj;jf; fhz; Nld;.,uTztpd; NghJ> vdf;f rpdhfspd; Kfkh,Uf;F> vd;w mg;ghitf;nfl; Nld;. mg;gh jd; ifap itj;jpue;j cz Tz;Zk; Fr;rpfis fpno itj;jhh. gs;spf;$lj;jp ele;jit gw;wp ehd; mtuf;fr; rh ytp iy.,ue;jhyk; mj mtuf;fg; Gupe;jpUe;jJ. mth fz;fis %b jd; ehrp vyk;igj; Nja;j;jhH., iy> ep mg;gb, iy> vd;whh. mk;kh mg;ghitg; ghhj;jhh> vjtk; Gupahk. jpuk;g vd;idg; ghhj;jhh. rh [pnah> r;rpq;> fl;l Foe;ijia Nghy elthnj> rpdnd.,q;fpyp];> vd;nwd;.,q;fpyprp NgR. mtuk;,q;fpyprp Ngr Kad;whH. vd;d ele;jj? vd; Kd;dhypUe;j cztf; Fr;rpfis Ak; fpz;zj;ijak; js;sp tpl;nld;. mjw;fs; twj;j gr;ir kpsfhak; Ie;J thridj; jputpaq;fs; Nghl;l khl;biwr;rpak;,ue;jd. ehq;fs; mkupf;f czit cz;z NtZk;> vd;nwd;. mg;gh vdf;f mij tpsf;f Kad;whH. gy FLk;gq;fs; rpy jlitfshtj rpd czitna rikf;fpwhhfs;. vd; whh. ehq;fs; kw;wf; FLk;gq;fs; Nghy m y> vd;w rh yp tpl;l mtiug; ghhj;njd;. kw;wf; FLk;gq;fsp,q;Nf ghue;jhj mk;khf;fs;, iy> vd; Nwd;. mth NtW gf;fk; jpuk;gpf; fhz; lhh. gpd; mk;khtpd; Njhspd; kpj xu ifia itj;jhh. ehd; cdf;fhu rika Gj;jfk; thq;fpj; jhwd;> vd; whh mk;khtplk;. mk;kh vd; gf;fk; jpuk;gp> G `{r;rp? - Urpah, iyah? vd;whh.,q;fpyprp rh Y> vd; Fuiy cahj;jpr;rhd;ndd;.,q;fpyprp NgR. mk;kh vd; ew;wpiaj; jhlf; ifia epl;bdhh. fha;r;r,uf;fpwjh vd;w ghhg;gjw;f. /gh\mx yh? fha;r;ryh vd;whh. mth ifiaj; jl;b tpl;nld;. vdf; fhd;wkp iy.,q;fpyprpiy NgR! vd;w rj;jkpl;nld;. mtdld;,q;fpyprpiy NgR> vd;whh mg;gh.,j xuehs; elf;fk; vd;w cdf;fj; jupak;jhnd. NtW vij vjphghhj;jha;? vd;whh mg;gh> mk; khtplk;. mk;kh jd; iffis vlj;jf; fhz; lhs;. mg;ghitak; vd;id khwp khwpg; ghhj;jhh. gpd; Ngr Kad;whH> gpd; epwj;jpdhh. jpuk;gtk; Ngr Kad;whH. jpuk;gtk; epwj;jpf; fhz;lhh. mij ep fl;lhak; ra;a Kay NtZk;. cdf;f mjpfk; tpl;lf; fhlj;j tpl; Nld;. [f; kw;wthfsld; ghue;jpg; Nghf NtZk;> vd;whh mg;gh> mk; khtplk;. mg;gh mk;khtila,lj ifia jd;,uz;l ifapyk; itj;jpue;jhh. mg;gh mk;khtpd; ew;wpap fhq;r tjw;fhff; Fdpe;jhH. mg;nghj mg;ghtk; gytpdkhdtuhf> %g;gile;jj Nghyj; jupe;jj. mj vd;idf; fytukilar; ra;jj. mk;khitg; NghyNt mg;ghitg; gw;wpak; vdf;f fhq;rk; jhd; jupak;... mk;kh mtiug; ghhj;jhh. ehd; cd;id yt; vd;w rhd;dh mij,q;nf czhfpnwd;> vd;w jd;,jo;fisj; jhl;lf; fhl;bdhh. ehd; cd;id Ia; vd;w rhd;dh,ij,q;nf czhfpnwd; vd;whh> jd; eq;irj; jhl;lf; fhl;b. mg;gh jiyia Ml;bf; fhz;l> ep,g;nghj mkupf;fhtp,uf;fpwha;> vd;whh> mk;khitg; ghhj;j. mk;kh jd;,uf;ifap Fdpe;J,Ue;J fhz;bue;jhs;> eph vuikiag; Nghy. yh$ mtdp gha;;e;j jd; capiug; tpltijg; Nghy. vdf;f cz;ikahd ghk;ikfs; Njit> vd;nwd;. mg;gh gpwf vdf;f ];lhh NthH rz;il cutq;fis thq;fpj; je;jhh. khhf;ff;f mtdila xgp-thd; fd gpiaf; fhlj;njd;. vd; fhfpj kpufq;fis xu gupa rg;ghj;jg; gl;bap itj;j fl;byf; Ff; fpno itj;j tpl;nld;. mlj;j ehl;fhiy> me;j kpufq;fs; tspna te;j vd; miwap jq;f Sf;Fg; gpbj;jkhd gioa,lq;fsp,ue;jfhz;ld. mit midj;ij Ak; jpuk;gtk; gpbj;j rg;ghj;jg;gl; bf;fs; itj;j %bia ehlhth Rw;wpf; fl;b fl;byf;f mbap itj;j tpl;nld;. Mdh mit gl;bf;fs; spue;j guk; rj;jk; Nghl;Lf;fhz; bue;jjh gl;bia guzp xu %iyap vd; miwapypue;j J}uj; jp js;sp itj;j tpl;nld;. mk;kh rpd khopap vd;dld; fijj; jh ehd; mtuf;f kwkhop rh y khl;nld;. rpy fhyj;jpw;fg; gpwf mth; Mq;fpyj;jp mjpfk; Ngr Kad;whH. Mdh mtuila cr;rupg;gk; cile;j trdq;fsk; vd;id rq;flg;glj;jpd. mtiu ehd; jpuj;j Kad;Nwd;.,W jpap ehd;,uf;fk;,lq;fsp mth fijg;gijna Kw;whf epwj;jpf; fhz; lhh. vdf;f VjhtJ jupag;glj;j Ntz;L khdh mth if irifah fhl;l Muk;gpj;jhH. mkupf;f jha;khh jhiyf;fhl;rpap mizg;gj Nghy vd;id mizf;f Kad;whH. mg;g bahd mizg;gfs; kpifg;glj;jg; gl;litahf> cwjpaw;wjhf> Nfypf;fp lkhdjhf> trpfukw;wjhf,ue;jd vd;w ehd; epidj;njd;. mit vupr; r Cl;Lfpd;wjd;W jupe;j mg;gbr; ra;tijak; mth epwj;jpf; fhz; lhh. mg;gb cd; mk;khit elj;jf; $lhj> vd;w mg;gh rhd;dhh. mij mg;gh vdf;fr; rhd;dnghj vd; fz;fisg; ghhj;j mtuh rh y Kbatp iy. rpdhtpd; ehl;lg;gw gz;iz,q;nf fhz;l te;j fdf;upf;fl; Gwefuk; xd;wp ghue; jpg; Nghf vjphghhj;jj jtw vd;gij mth jd; eq;rpd; Moj;jp mwpe;jp Uf;f Ntz;Lk;. mk;kh mkupf;f ghzp czitj; jahupf;f fw;wpue;jhs;. ehd; tpbnah tpisahl;lf;fs; tpisahbndd;. /g;uq; khop gbj;njd;. rpyntisfsp mth Frpdp Nkirap,Ue;J guprfs; Rw;Wk; fhfpjj;jpd; glkp yhj gf;fj;ij itj;jg; ghhj; Jf; fhz;bug;gijg; ghhj;jpuf;fpnwd;. gpd; GjpajhU fhfpj kpufk; xd;w vd; fl;byf;fg; gf;fj;jpypue;j rpwpa Nkirap,Ue;J vd;idf; fl;ba izf;f tutijf; fz;buf;fpnwd;. mtw;iwg; gpbj;j fhw;wg; NghFk; tiu frf;fpd gpd; mtw;iwak; gu zpypue;j gl;bf;fs; itj;jpuf;fpnwd;.,wjpap ehd; cahepiyg; gs;spap gbj;jnghj mk;kh kpufq;fs; ra;t ijak; epwj;jpf; fhz;lhh. mg;nghj mth NgRk; Mq;fpyk; e yhf Kd; NdwpapUe;jJ. Mdh mth ve;j khopap NgRfpwhH vd;gj gw;wp mwpak; MHtk;,Ue;j taij ehd; jhz;b tpl;nld;. rpyntis ehd; tpl;lf;f tuk;nghj mtupd; rpwpa cl Frpdpf;Fs; rpd khopap jdf;fs;ns ghbf; fhz;l RWRWg;ghf,aq;fpf; fhz;bug;g ijf; fz;buf;fpnwd;. mth jhd; vd; idg; gw;wth vd;w vd;dh ek;g Kbatp iy. vq;fs;,utuf;fkpil ap ghjthdit vjtk;,uf;ftp iy. mth re;jpudpypue;j $l te;jpuf;f yhk;. ehd; vd; miwf;f mtrukhfg; Ngha; mkupf;fhfs; <LgLk; v yh tpj kfpo;r;rpahd tpisahl;lfspyk; <LgLNtd;. mk;kh glj;jpue;j kuj;jtkidf; fl;byp,u gf;fkk; mg;ghtk; ehdk; epd;w fhz;bue;njhk;. mk;khtf;f,d;dk; ehw;gj taj $l Mftp iy. Mdh mth tanjwpaj Nghyf; fhzg;gl;lhh. mj gupa typap iy vd;w rh yp gy Mz;Lfshf jd; tapw;wpypue;j typf;f kuj;jtuplk; Nghf kwj;j tpl;lhh.,wjpahf mk;gyd;]; mt iuf; fhz;l NghdNghJ Gw;WNeha;> mwitr; rpfpr;ir ra;a Kbahj mst gutp tpl;lj. mg;nghj vd; kdk; kuj;jt miw ap,uf;ftp iy. mj g fiyf; fof mdkjp fhyk;. mq;nf gbg;g jw;fhf vd; Ratpgug; gj;jpuq;fis epug;gtjpyk; rhd;wpjo; gbfs; vlg; gjpyk; NeHKfj; NjHTf;fhd ml;l tizfs; jhlhghd eltbf;iffspyk; ftdk; ryj;jpf; fhz;bue; Njd;. vg;gbj; jpwk;gl gu epwtd Ml;NrHg;ghsHfsplk; gha; rh yp vd;id tpiyf;f thq;fr; ra;tj gw;wp jpl;lk; jpl;bf; fhz;bue;njd;. mk;kh,we;j fhz;buf;fk;nghj mtw;iwg; gw;wp epidg;gj gaq;f ukhdj vd;w mwptg+htkhf Gupe;J fhz;bue;njd;. Mdh vg;gb ehd; czhfpnwd; vd;gij me;jg; Gupjyh vd;id khw;wkbahj. mk;kh jd; epidtld; jhd;,ue;jhh. mg;gh mk;khtila,lj ifia jd;,uz;l ifapyk; itj;jpue;jhh. mg;gh mk;khtpd; ew;wpap fhq;r tjw;fhff; Fdpe;jhH. mg;nghj mg; ghtk; gytpdkhdtuhf> %g;gile;jj Nghyj; jupe;jj. mj vd;idf; fytukilar; ra;jj. mk;khitg; NghyNt mg;ghitg; gw;wpak; vdf;f fhq;rk; jhd; jupak; vd;gij mg; NghJ czhe;njd;. mk;kh mg;ghitg; ghhj;j Gd;difj;J> ehd; e yhj;jhd;,uf;fpwd;> vd;whh. mk;kh Gd;difj;Jf; fhz;nl vd; gf;fk; jpuk;gpdhh. ep gs;spf;fg; Nghf NtZk; vd;w vdf;fj; jupak;> vd;whh. mtupd; Fu kpftk; gytpdkhdjhf,ue;jj. mtup G+l;bap Ue;j,ae;jpuq;fspd;,iur;rYf;F Nkyhf mijf; Nfl;gJk; rpukkhf,ue;jj. Ngh. vd;idg; gw;wpf; ft iyg;glhnj.,jthu gupa tpra kp iy. gs;spap ed;whfg; gb> vd; whh. mtuila ifiaj; jhltjw;fhf ifia epl;bndd;. mg;gbj;jhd; ra;a NtZk; vd;w epidj;njd;. gpd; epk;k jpaile;njd;. jpuk;gpg; NghFk; tpkh dg; gazj;ijak; gpufhrkhd fyp/nghh zpah fjputidak; gw;wp Vw;fdNt vz;zj; jhlq;fpapue;;njd;. mg;ghtplk; mk;kh VNjh FRFRj;jhH. mth jiyahl;b tpl;l miwia tpl;l tspna NghdhH. [f;> VjhtJ... flk;,uk te;j rw;w Neuk; mtuh Ngr Kbahk,Ue;jJ. vd;dh kps Kbahk Nghdh MfTk; ftiy fhz;l cd; cl eyj;ij flj;jf; fhs;shnj. cd; tho;f;ifap ftdk; ryj;j. guzp,uf;fk; gl;bia cd;dld; vlj;jitj;jf;fhs;. xt;thu Mz; Lk; Fq;kpq; fhyj;jp f yiwfis Jilf;Fk; tpoh mij tspna vlj;j vd;id epid. ehd; cd;dld; vg; NghJk;,Ug;Ngd;. Fq;kpq;,we;jtHfSf;fhd rpdhfspd; tpoh. vd; rpwpa taj fhyj;jp Fq; kpq; fhyj;jp rpdhtp,we;j Nghd jd; gw;nwhuf;f mkupf;fhtp ele;j ra;jpfisg; gw;wp mk;kh fbjk; vo jhlu;jy; 89k; gf;fk;

jha;tpl brk;gu; December 2018 fhfpj kpuff;... 88k; gf;fj; jhlhr;rp... JthH. vdf;fk; mij cuj;j thrpj; Jf; fhl;lthh. ehd; mijg; gw;wp VjhtJ Fwpg;Giu rhd;dh mijak; mth mjp vojthh.

91 jha;tpl brk;gu; December 2018 fhfpj kpuff;... 88k; gf;fj; jhlhr;rp... JthH. vdf;fk; mij cuj;j thrpj; Jf; fhl;lthh. ehd; mijg; gw;wp VjhtJ Fwpg;Giu rhd;dh mijak; mth mjp vojthh. gpd; mf;fb jj;ij xu fhfpj ehiuahfr; ra;j mij kbj;j Nkw;F Nehf;fp gwf;f tplthh. ehiu jd; khukhug;ghd rpwffis mbj;j jd; epz;l ga zj;ij Nkw;fhs;Sk;. Nkw;Nf grpgpf; rkj;jpuj;ij Nkyhfg; gwe;j mk;kh tpd; FLk;gj;jpd; f yiwfis Nehf; fpg; gwe;j r tij ehq;fs; ghhj; Jf; fhz;bug;nghk;. mk;khtld; ehd; mijr; ra;j gy Mz;Lfshfp tpl;ld. rpdf; fyz;lhfisg; gw;wp vdf;f vjtk; jupahj> mk;kh> epq;f Xa;T vlq;f> vd;nwd;. me;jg;gl;biar; Rk;kh,ilf;fpil vlj;jj; jpwe;j ghh... jpuk;gtk; mth,uk tspf;fpl;lhh. mk;kh> rup> rup> glq;f. mtupd; Njhis xoq;fw;wj; jltpndd;. `a;]p> khkh Ia; epa;- kfnd> mk;kh cd;id Nerpf;fpwhH.,Uk mtiu kpz;lk; jhf;fpaj. gy Mz;LfSf;F Kd;dH ele;j gpk;gk; xd;w vd; epidtp kpd;dpaj. mk;kh ma; vd;w rh yp tpl;l jd; ifia eq;rp itj;jhs;. rup> rup> mk;kh> Ngrhk,U tspna rd;wpue;jhs;. ehd; tpl;b,ue;njd;> jhiyf;fhl;rp jlq;fis Nrhk;gYld; khw;wpf; fhz;l. Rwhf;fs; gw;wpa Mtzg;glk; xd;wp mij epwj;jpndd;. rljpahf vd; kdj;jpiuap mk;khtpd; iffisf; fz;nld;. mtupd; iffs; vdf;fhf <aj;jflfis kbj;j kbj;j xu Rwhitr; ra;j fhz;bue;jd. ehdk; yh$tk; GypAk; mijg; ghhj;jf; fhz;bue;njhk;. mg;nghj xu ryryg;gf; Nfl;lJ. NkNy ghhj;njd;. mq;nf xu ge;j Nghd;w ghus; Rw;Wk; fhfpjkk; fpope;j ehlhtk; Gj;jfj; jl;lf;fsf;f mufp epyj;jp fple;jd. Fg;igf; $ilf;fs; Nghl mij vlf;fg; NghNdd;. fhfpjg;ge;j,lk;khwp> RUs; mtpo;e; jj. mj yh$. epz;l fhykhf mijg; gw;wp ehd; epidf;ftp iy. whhhh. Kd;G vd;dh mijr; ra;a Kbahk iftpl;lnghj mk;kh mijr; ra;j Kbj;jpUf;f Ntz;Lk;. vd; epidtpypue;jjpyk; ghhf;f mj rpwpajhf,ue;jj. m yj mg;nghj vd; ifkl;bfs; rpwpjhf,ue;jpuf;f Ntz;Lk;. Rrhd; fhfpj kpufq;fsh vkj Fb apug;ig myq;fupj;jpue;jhs;. yh$ fpope;j iee;j Ngha;,Ue;jgbah mij mts; kiwthd %iyap itj;jpuf;fyhk;. mg;gh jpuk;gp te;jhh. tpkhd epiy aj;jpw;f Neuj;jpw;Fg; Nghf NtZk; vd;wk; tpkhdj;ijj; jtw tpl tpuk; gtp iy vd;wk; mtuf;fr; rhd; Ndd;. vdj tpkhdk; Nethlh NkNy vq; NfNah gwe;j fhz;bue;jnghj mk;kh,we;j NghdhH. mk;kh,we;j gpd; mg;gh kpf Ntfkhf KJik mile;jhh. tpl mtuf;fg; gupajhfp tpl;lj. mjdh mij tpw;f Ntz;bapUe;jJ. vd; Njhop RrhDk; ehdk; rd;w ghjpfisf; fl;ltk; tpl;ilj; Jg;Guthf;fTk; mt Uf;F cjtpndhk;.,uz;l> xyp> tg; gk; Nghd;wit Gfhj guzp fhfpj kpufq;fs; gy fhyk;,ue;jjh > mit Rygkhf ehuq;fj;jf;fit ahf MfpapUe;jd. mj;jld;> fhfpjj; jpypue;j tbtq;fs; kq;fpg; Ngha;tpl; ld.,ijg;nghd;w xwpfhkpia ag;ghdpa fiy> fhfpjj;jp Ntiyg;ghLfs; epiwe;j tbtq;fshftk; cutq;fsh ftk; ra;j ehd; vd;wnk ghhj;j jp iy. cd; mk;kh XH mw;gjkhd fiyqh> vd;whs;. fhfpj kpufq;fs; miratp iy. mk;kh,we;jtld; mtw;iw mirar; ra;j khar; rayk; epd;wpuf;f Ntz;Lk;. m yj,e;jf; fhfpj cutq;fs; Kd;G capuld;,ue;jd vd;w ehd; fw;gid ra;jpuf;f Ntz;Lk;. Foe; ijfspd; epidtj;jpwid ek;g Kb ahj. mk;kh,we;j,uz;l Mz;Lf Sf;Fg; gpd; te;j Vg;up khj Kj fpoik,wjp mj. Rrhd; jd; Nkyhz;ik MNyhrfH Ntiyahf mbf;fb tspna r ths;.,k;kiw Ak; mg;gbahd xd;wf;f efuj;jf;f ehd; epyj;jp,ue;j tpuiy epl;b Ndd;. yh$tpd; th Jbj;jJ. tpis ahl;lhf vd;dp gha;e;jj. mjd; KJ ifj; jltp tpl;lr; rpupj;njd;. yh$ vd; iff;fs; kd;ikahf cwkpaj. vg;gb,uf;fpwha;> gioa ez;gh? vd;nwd;. yh$ tpisahl;il epwj;jpaj. vok;gp G+idapd; NeHj;jpAld; vd; kbf;fs; gha;e;j RUis mtpo;f;f Muk;gpj; jj. vd; kbap,g;nghj rjukhd kbg; Gs;s ghus; Rw;Wk; fhfpjk;> mjd; tw;wg; gf;fk; Nkw;Gwk; jupaf; fple;jj. mg;gf;fk; KOtJk; rwp thd rpd voj;jf;fsh epuk;gp,ue; jj. rpd khopia thrpf;f ehd; fw; wpuf;ftp iy. Mdh kfd; vd;w thhj;ijf;fupa voj;jf;fs; vdf;fj; jupak;. me;j thhj;ij NkNy,Ue; jj. fbjk; Muk;gpf;Fk;,lj;jp. mk; khtpd; tprpj;jpukhd Foe;ijj;jdkhd ifaoj;jp mf;fbjk;,ue;jj. ehd; fzpdpf;fr; rd;w,izaj;ijj; NjbNdd;.,d;W Fq;kpq; jpdk;. efuj;jp rpd Rw;Wg;gazpfs; Vw; Wk; NgUe;J epwj;jk;,ue;jj. mj vdf;fj; jupak;. fbjj;ij vlj;jf; fhz;l mt;tplj;jf;fr; rd;nwd;. xt;thu Rw;Wg; gazpiaak; epwj;jp> epd; $a; L \hq;td; kh? cq;f Sf;F rpd khop thrpf;fj; jupakh? vd;w Nfl;Nld;. ehd; gy fhykhf rpd khopiag; Ngrtp iy. mjdh ehd; NgrpaJ mthfsf;f tpsq;fpajh vd;gj vdf;f epr;rakp iy. XH,sk; gz; vdf;f cjtp ra;a,ire;jhs;. ehq;fs;,utuk; xu Nkirap xd;whfg; Ngha;,Ue;Njhk;. jhlu;jy; 90k; gf;fk;

92 jha;tpl brk;gu; December 2018 fhfpj kpuff;... 89k; gf;fj; jhlhr;rp... mts; vdf;f fbjj;ij cuj;j thrpj; Jf; fhl;bdhs;. gy Mz;Lfs; kwf;f Kad;w khop jpuk;g te;jj. thhj; ijfs; vdf;fs; ciwtj jupe;jj> vd; Njh topahf. vd;,jaj;ij,wf;fpj; jpufpg; gpopak;;tiu. kfnd> epz;l fhyk; ehq;fs; Ngrtp iy. ehd; cd;idj; jhlk;nghj ep kpftk; Nfhgg;gLtha;. ehdk; gae;j NghNtd;. ehd; me;j typia vg;nghjk; czhe; jpuf;fpnwd;.,g;nghj,d;dk; mjp fkhd typ cs;sj. mjdh,ij vojj; jphkhdpj;njd;. ep Kd;G kpftk; tpuk;gpa cdf;fhfr; ra;j fhfpj kpufq;fsp,ij vo- JfpNwd;. ehd; vd; %r;ir epwj;jk;nghj kpu fq;fsk; jq;fs; mirit epwj;jk;. Mdh ehd; vd; KO,jaj;Jld;,ij vojpdh vd; rpw gfjpiaah tj,e;jf; fhfpjj;jp thhj;ijfsp tpl;lr; r Ntd;. gpd; Fq;kpq; jpdj; jp vd;id ep epidj;jh mg;nghj,we;jthfspd; Mtpfs; jq;fs; FLk; gj;ijj; jpuk;gtk; ghhg;gjw;f tuk; NghJ ehd; tpl;lr; rd;w vd; xu gfjpak; caphj;j tuk;. cdf;fhf ehd; ra;j kpufq;fs; jpuk;gtk; ghak;> XLk;> jhtk;. mg;nghj epak;,e;j thhj;ijfis ghhg;gha;. vd; KO,jaj;jhYk;,ij voj Ntz;bapUg;gjh,ijr; rpd khop ap vojfpnwd;.,jtiu fhykk; vd; tho;tpd; fijia cdf;f ehd; rh ytp iy. ep rpd; df; Foe;ijahf,Ue;jNghJ> ep tshe;j gpwf cdf;f mijr; rh yyhk; vd;w epidj;jpue;njd;. mg; NghJ cdf;fg; GupAk; vd;w epidj; Njd;. Mdh vg;gbnah me;jr; re; jhg;gk; tuntap iy. ehd; 1957k; Mz;L N`ga; khfhzj; jp rpfy vd;w fpuhkj;jp gpwe; Njd;. cd;dila ghl;ldk; ghl;bak; twikahd tptrhaf; FLk;gj;ijr; NrHe;jtHfs;. mthfsf;f mjpf cw tpduk;, iy. ehd; gpwe;j rpy Mz;LfSf;Fg; gpwf rpdhtp guk; gq;rq;fs; Vw;gl;ld. mg;nghj Kg; gj kp ypad; kf;fs;,we;jhhfs;. ehd; xuehs; fhiy voe;jnghj filrp ahf kpr;rkpue;j czitj; jutjw; fhf mk;kh kz;izr; rhg;gpl;lj; jd; tapw;iw epug;gpf;fhz;bue;jhh. vdf; Fj; jupe;j Kj epidt mj. mjd; gpd; epiyik XusT khwpaj. rpfy \\p fhfpjf; iftpidf; fiyf;f gah gw;w,lk;. vd; mk;kh fhfpjj;jp vg;gb kpufq;fs; ra;j mtw;wf;f cap&l;ltj vd;w vdf;ff; fw;wj; je;jhh. mj fpuhkj; jpd; tho;tpayp xu eilkiw khah [hyk;. ehq;fs; fhfpjg; gwitfs; ra;j ta fspypue;j tl;lf;fpspfisj; Juj;JNthk;. fhfpjg; Gypfs; ra;j Rz;lypfis Juj;JNthk;. rpdg; Gj;jhz;b vd; ez;ghfsk; ehdk; NrHe;J rpfg;g epw buhfd; ra;nthk;. tbj;jr; rpjwk; gl;lhrfspd; Eh fsp jhq;fpf; fhz;l fle;j Mz;bd; fl;l fdtfis gaq;fhl;bj; Juj;Jk; me;jr; rpd;dq; rpwpa buhfd;fs;. mit Mfhaj;jp vq;fs; jiyf;f NkNy tpiue;j gwe;j r Yk; fhl;rpia vd;dh kwf;fnt KbahJ. mijg; ghhj;jh epak; mij kpftk; tpuk;gtha;. mjd; gpd; 1966 fyhrhug; Gul;rp te; jj. mz;il tpl;lhhfs; mz;il tpl; lhiuf; fhl;bf; fhlj;jhhfs;. rnfh jud; kw;wr; rnfhjuidf; fhl;bf; fhlj;jhd;. vd;dila jha; khkd; 1946 `hq;fhq;ff;fg; Ngha; mq;nf xu tpahghup Mfp tpl;lhh. `hq; fhq;fp XH cwtpdh,ue;jh ehq;fs; xw;whfs;> kf;fspd; vjpupfs; vd;w jhd; ghus;. ehq;fs; v yhg; gf;fj;jhyk; Nghuhl Ntz;Lk;. cd; ghl;b mtw;iwg; ghwf;f Kbahk fpzw;wf;fs; tpoe;j,we;j tpl;lhh. mkupf;f Mz;fs; Mrpa kidtpfisj; NjLfpwhHfs; vd;w mts; rhd;dhs;. rikj;j> tpl;ilj; Jilj;Jj; Jg;Guthf;fp me;j mkupf;fid ed;whfg; ghhj;jf; fhz;lh mtd; cdf;f e y tho;itj; juthd;> vd;whs;. mj vdf;f ek;gpf;ifia Cl;baJ. xuehs; rpy rpwthfs; Ntl;ilj; Jg;ghf;fpfSld; te;j vq;fs; ghl; lid fhl;lf;fs;,oj;jf; fhz;l Ngha; tpl;lhhfs;. mth mjd; gpd; jpuk;gp tunt, iy. mg;nghj vdf;fg; gj;j taj. mehij. vdf;fpue;j xnuahu cwtpdh `hq;fhq;fp,ue;j vdj khkh kl;lnk. xuehs;,ut ehd; jw;nf NghFk; ruf;f,uapyp Vwp gjq;fpf; fhz;nld;. rpy ehl;fspd; gpd; Fthq;lhq; khfh zj;jp tayp czitj; jpubf; fhz;buf;ifap rpyh vd;idg; gpbj;j tpl;lhhfs;. ehd; `hq;fhf; Fg; Nghf Kad;W fhz;buf;fpnwd; vd;gijf; Nfl;l mthfs; rpupj;jhhfs;.,j cd; mjph\;lkhd ehs;. rpwkpfis mq;nf fhz;l r tjjhd; vq;fs; tpahghuk;> vd;whhfs;. mthfs; kw;wr; rpwkpfsld; NrHj;J vd;idak; ghu tz;bapd; mbg;gfjp ap itj;j v iyf;$lhff; flj;jpf; fhz;l rd;whhfs;. vq;fis xu epytiwf;ff; fhz;l NghdhHfs;. mq;nf thq;f te;jthf Sf;F ehq;fs; MNuhf;fpahdtHfs; vd;wk; tpntfkhdthfs; vd;wk; fhl; Ltjw;fhf epkphe;j epw;fr; rhd;dhh fs;. ehq;fs;,ue;j gz;lf rhiy fsf;f rpy FLk;gq;fs; thlif fhlj;j itj;jpue;jhhfs;. rpyh vq; fisg; ghhj;j jq;fs; FLk;gj;jp jj;jlj;jf; fhs;tjw;fhf vq;f isj; jupt ra;jhhfs;. rpd; FLk;gk; jq;fs;,uz;l Mz; Foe;ijfis ftdpg;gjw;fhf vd;id vlj;jf;fhz;lhhfs;. xt;thu ehs; fhiyapyk; fhiy czitj; jah hpg;gjw;fhf ehy kzpf;f vok;gntd;. rpwthfs;,utiuak; Fspg;ghl;b> cztspg;ngd;. czt thq;ftjw;ff; filf;fg; NghNtd;. clg;gf;fisj; Njha;g;Ngd;. jiuiaf; fotntd;. mthfs; NghFkplk yhk; mthfisg; gpd; jhlhntd;. mthfs; rh Yt ijr;ra;ntd;.,utp Frpdpf;Fg; gf; fj;jp,ue;j ruf;f miwap ehd; glg;gjw;fhf vd;id itj;jg; G+l;b tplthhfs;. ehd; rpy Ntiyfis kjthfr; ra;jhnyh m yj Vjh tj gpio tpl;lhnyh vd;id mbg; ghhfs;. me;jr; rpwthfs; VjhtJ gpio tpl;lhyk; vd;id mbg;ghhfs;. ehd; Mq;fpyk; gbf;f Kad;W gpbgl; lh vd;id mbg;ghhfs;. Vd; Mq;fpyk; gbf;f NtZk;? ep ghyprf;fg; Nghfg; Nghfpwhah? ep rpdhitr; NrHe;jts;. `hq;fhq;fp rl;lj;jpw;f khwhf fsthf,uf;fpwha;. cd;id rpiwap Nghl mthfs; Mtyhf,Uf;fpwhHfs;> vd;ghh jpu. rpd;. MW Mz;Lfs; mg;gb mq;nf tho;e; Njd;. fhiyr; re;ijap kpd; tpw;fk; fpotp xuj;jp xuehs; vd;id XH Xu kha; mioj;jr; rd;whs;. vdf;f cd;idg; Nghd;w rpwkpfisj; jupak;. cdf;f,g;ngh vj;jid taj? gjpdhw,uf;fkh? cd;id xuehs; mtd;,og;ghd;. mtid cd;dh jlf;f KbahJ. mtd; kidtp fz;lgpbj;j tplths;. gpwf jhd; ep epidg;gha;> eufj;jp tpoe;j tplnlhk; vd;w. ep,e;j tho;f;ifap,ue;j tspnawp tpl Ntz;Lk;. cdf;f cjtp ra;af; $ba xuj; jid vdf;fj; jupak;> vd;whs;. mkupf;f Mz;fs; Mrpa kidtpfisj; NjLfpwhHfs; vd;w mts; rhd;dhs;. rikj;j> tpl;ilj; Jilj; Jj; Jg;Guthf;fp me;j mkupf;fid ed;whfg; ghhj;jf; fhz;lh mtd; cdf;f e y tho;itj; juthd;> vd; whs;. mj vdf;f ek;gpf;ifia Cl; baj. mg;gbj;jhd; gy gha;fs; rh yp tpsk;gu Gj;jfj;jp ehd;,lk; gw;w cd; mg;ghit fz;nld;. mj thu e y fhj fij m y. Mdh mj jhd; vd;dila fij. fdf;upfl;bd; Gwefug;gFjpap ehd; jdpikahf czhe;njd;. cd;dila mg;gh md;ghftk; fdpthftk; vd;id elj;jpdhh. mjw;f mtuf;f ehd; e y ed;wpas;stshf,uf;fpnwd;. Mdh vd;id xuj;juhyk; Gupe;J fhs;s Kbatp iy. vd;dhyk; xd; iwak; Gupe;Jfhs;sTk; Kbatp iy. mjd; gpd; ep gpwe;jha;! cd; Kfj;ij ghhj;jnghj cd;dp vd; mk;khtpd;> mg;ghtpd;> vdj rha fs; jupe;j NghJ ehd; kpftk; re;njhrg;gl;nld;. ehd; vd; KOf;FLk;gj;ijAk;> vdf;fj; jupe;j Nerpj;j v yhtw;iwak; rpf Ytp jhiyj;j tpl;nld;. Mdh,q;Nf ep,ue;jha;. mthfs; v Nyh Uk; cz;ikap,ue;jhhfs; vd;gij cd; Kfk; ep&gpj;jj. ehd; vijak; Gide;J rh ytp iy.,g;nghj vdf;ff; fijg;gjw;f xu Ms;,Ue;jhH. cdf;f vd;dila khopiaf; fw;gpg;ngd;. ehd;,oe;j> Nerpj;jtw;wpd; rpwpajhu gfjpia kpz;lk;,utuk; NrHe;J mikf;f yhk;. ep cdj Kj thhj;ijfis cr;rupj;jnghj mit vd;dila mk;khtk; ehdk; rupahf cr;rupj;jj NghyNt,Ue;jJ. ehd; gy kzp Neuk; monjd;. Kj Kiwahf N\\p kpufq;fis cdf;fhf ehd; ra;j NghJ ep rpupj;jha;. mg;nghj cyfj; jp vdf;f NtwhU ftiyak;,uf;f tp iy. v yhk; kiwe;j tpl;ld vd;w czhe;njd;. ep rpwpj rpwpjhf tshe;j cd; mg;gh Tld; fijg;gjw;fk; mtuf;f cjtp ra;af; $ltk; cd;dh Kbe;jJ. mg;nghj ehd; cz;ikap vd; tpl; b,ug;gjnghy re;njhrkhf,ue; Njd;.,Wjpahf e tho;f;if xd;w vdf;ff; fpilj;jj. vd;dila gw; NwhH,Ue;jpUe;jh vj;jiz e yhf,ue;jpuf;fk;> mthfsf;f ehd; rikj; Jg; Nghl;bUg;Ngd;> e tho;t mspj; jpug;ngd; vd;w epidj;njd;. vd; gw; NwhH, iy. rpdhfsf;f cyfj;jp kpfr; Nrhfkhd juzk; vjtd;w cdf;fj; jhpakh? mthfs; jq;fs; gw;nwhiu ftdpj;jf;fhs;s NtZk; vd;w epidj;jf; fhz;bue;jnghj mthfs; capuld;, iy vd;w czuk;nghj jhd;. kfnd> rpdhfspd; fz;fis cdf;fg; gpbf;ftp iy vd;gj vdf;fj; jupak;. mit vd;dila fz;fs;. cd;dila jiykapiuak; cdf;fg; gpbf;f tp iy. mjtk; vd;dila kaph jhd;. Mdh cd;,ug;ng vdf;fj; je;j guk; kfpo;r;rp. mj cdf;fg; GupAkh? ep vd;dld; fijg;gij ehd; vg;gb czhe;njd; vd;gijak; cd;dld; rpd khopap ehd; fijg;gij epwj; jpanghj ehd; vg;gb czhe;njd; vd;gijak; ep mwpthah? jpuk;gtk; ehd; v yhtw;iwak; jhiyj;jf; fhz;buf;fpnwd; vd;w czhe;njd;. kfnd> ep Vd; vd;dld; fijg;g jp iy? me;j typ,ij voj tpl Fjp iy.,sk; gz; vd;dplk; me;jf; fbj;jj; ijj;; jpuk;gj; je;jhs;. mtsila Kfj;ij vd;dh ghhf;f vd;dh,a ytp iy. mtisg; ghhf;fhk mtsplk; xu cjtp Nfl;Nld;. vg;gb I-md;G vd;w voj;ij mk;khtpd; fbjj;jpd; mbg; gfjpap vojpf;fhl;l KbAkh vd;w Nfl;Nld;. mts; fhl;bdhs;. me;j voj;ijj; jpuk;gj; jpuk;g vojpndd;. mk;khtpd; thhj;ijfsld; vd; Ngdh tpdh vojk; NfhLfisj; jhlj;j jhlj;j vojpndd;. me;j,sk; gz; vd; Njhsp ifia itj;jhs;. gpd; vd;idak; vd; mk; khitak; jdpahf tpl;l mts; voe;j Ngha; tpl;lhs;. fhfpj kbg;gfis kwgbak; mnj,lq;fp kbj;j Gypahfr; ra;njd;. mij ifap itj;j jhyhl;bndd;. mj cwkpaj. ehdk; mjtk; tpl Nehf;fp elf;f Muk;gpj;Njhk;. mahaligam.k@thaiveedu.com

93 jha;tpl brk;gu; December

- 92 - jha;tpl brk;gu; December 2018 ghujpak; GJikg; gz;zk; gh ujpahh ftpijfs; jhfg;gp (thdjp gjpg;gfk;> 2001) g tifg; ghl fs; vdk; cgjiyg;gp fhzg;glk; GJ ikg; gz;> gz;ik> gz;fs; tpl jiyf; Fk;kp> gz;

94 jha;tpl brk;gu; December 2018 ghujpak; GJikg; gz;zk; gh ujpahh ftpijfs; jhfg;gp (thdjp gjpg;gfk;> 2001) g tifg; ghl fs; vdk; cgjiyg;gp fhzg;glk; GJ ikg; gz;> gz;ik> gz;fs; tpl jiyf; Fk;kp> gz; tpljiy vd;gd kfhftp Rg;gpukzpa ghujpahupd; gz;tpljiyg; ghl fshfk;. mtw; Ws;,f;fl;Liu ghujpahupd; GJikg; gz; ftpij gw;wpaj. GJikg; gz; vd;gj gj;jhd;gjhk; E}w;whz;bd;,Wjpf; fhyj;jp Nkw;Fyfp cu thd The New Woma vdk; fuj;jhf; fj;jpd; jkpo; tbtkhfk;.,r;rhw;gpu Nahfj;ij Kjd;Kjyp ghujpna jkp op gad;glj;jpatuhf,uf;ff;$lk;. The New Woma vd;w Nkw;Fyff; fuj; jhf;fj;jpid,e;jpa Njrpa rpe;jid fspdh ftug;gl;l ghujpahh> mj;nj rpa rpj;jhe;jq;fsf;nfw;gnt tbtikf; fpd;whh vd;gnj,f;fl;liuapd; thj khfk;. gj;jg;ghl fisf; fhz;l GJikg; gz; ftpijap Kjyhk;>,uz;lhk;> gj;jhk; ghl fs; Neubahd ftpqh $w;whf mika> Vida ghl fsp ftpqh GJikg;gz;zpd; Ngr;rpid thrfhfsf;f mwptpf;fk; Clfkhfj; jhopw;glfpd;whh. vlj;jf;fhl;lhf> rhj;jpuq;fs; gy fw;ghuhk; rtupaq;fs; gygy ra;thuhk; vdk; tupiaf; Fwpg;gplyhk;.,j;jifaNjhH cj;jp %yk; ftpqh jdf;fk; GJikg; gz; zpw;fkpilap cs;s euq;fpa gpizg;gpid tspg;glj;jfpd;whh.,e;jpa Njrpar; rpe;jidfis cs; thq;fpatshfnt GJikg; gz;izg; ghujpahh gilj;js;shh. The New Woma vd;gj gj;jhd;gjhk; E}w;whz;bd;,Wjpap INuhg;ghtp r%fk; jkf;f tpjpj;jpue;j fl;lg;ghl fis cilj;j> Rje;jpukhf tho Kw; gl;l gz;fisf; Fwpf;Fk; xu rh yhfk;. 1895k; Mz;b tspte;j The British Priter (ghfk; 8) rq;rpifap Nf. uhq; vd;gth mjpfkhfg; ghtpj; jjh rypj;jg;nghd rh yhl (hackeyed expressio) vd;w,jidf; Fwpg;gpLfpd;whH. Gail Fiey jdj Wome i Moder Drama (1989) vdk; E}yp GJikg; gz;iz,t;thw tptupf;fpwhh: GJikg;gz;Zf;F ce;j rf;jp mspf;fk; gpujhd fhuzpfss; xd;w> 1890fsp gz;fs; rq;f mq; fj;jpdh xuth tptupj;jthw> jd; tlf; Fg; Gwj;jp Ntiyf;fhuHfshYk;> jw;fp Foe;ijfshYk;> fpof;fp Neha;fshYk;> Nkw;fp MilfshYk; R+og;gl;l gioa gz;zf;f vjp uhd fpshr;rpna MFk;. ghuk;gupa tpf; Nlhupah gz;zf;fj; jd;idj; jpah fk; ra;j gof;fkhfptpl;lj. Mdh GJikg; gz; jd;dpiwtpidak;> Rje;jpuj;ijAk; ehlfpd;whs;. guk; ghyk; jdf;fj; Njitahdtw;iw cioj;nj gw;wf; fhs;fpd;whs;. Mz;fSldhd jdj jhlhgp rkj; Jtj;ij vjphghhf;fpd;whs;. ghypa tpokpaq;fisf; fl;likj;jpue;j,ul; ilj;jd;ikia mfw;w Kidfpwhs;. gioa gz;zpdk; ghhf;fg; ghypa tplaq;fs; Fwpj;Jg; ghjthf tspg; gilahfnt,uf;fpd;whs;. Mzpd; epiyg;ghlfspdh kdk; twj;j m yj NtiyiaAk; jpukzj;ijak; xukpj;jg; Ngz fbdk; vdf;fujp mts; guk;ghyk; jdpahshf,ug; gijna NjHe;jLf;fpd;whs;. mnj rkak; Vida gz;fsld; el;gupik ghuhl;ltjw;f mjpf Kf;fpaj;Jtk; fhlf;fpd;whs;. NkYk; GJikg;gz; ed;f gbj;jtshftk;> mjpfkhf thrpg; gtshftk;,uf;fpd;whs;. ghuk;gupaj; jp Cwpa gz;iz tpl murpayp <LghLs;stshf,Uf;fpd;whs;.,W jpahf> GJikg;gz; cl upjpahfg; gyrhypahftk; Mw;w cs;stshftk;,ug;gts;. gioa gz;fs; mzpe;j> mthfspd; mirtfisf; fl;lg;glj; Jk; MilfSf;Fg; gjpyhf> trjpahd Mil mzpgts;. guk;ghyk; Fl; ilahd $e;j cilats;. Jtpr;rf; futz;b XLgts;. tz;rul;lg; Gifg; gts;. 19k; E}w;whz;bWjpap kpfj; ijupakhd ra fshff; fujg;gl;l midj;ijak; ra;gtshfg; GJikg; gz;,yq;ffpwhs;. ghujp fz;l GJikg;gz; v yh mk;rq;fspyk; Nkw;$wg;gl;l GJikg; gz;iz mbahw;wpatshf tpsq; ftp iy vd;gj ftdpf;fj;jf;fj.,jw;ff; fhuzk; mtspd; gpwg;g,e; jpa Njrpathjj;Jld; jhlhgilajhf,uf;fpd;wikna MFk;. vdnt>,e; jpa Njrpaf; Nfhl;ghl;Lg; gpd;dzpap ghujpapd; GJikg; gz;iz tpsq; fpf; fhs;s Ntz;batHfshf,Uf; fpd;nwhk;. 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Kd;Ndw;wkhdJ gz;fspd; Kd;Ndw; wj;jp jq;fpapuj;jyh > Njrpak; gz; fspd; Kd;Ndw;wj;jp mjpf ftdk; ryj;j Ntz;bajhapw;W eilgw;w tq;fhs rpg;gha;fs; gpupl;b\; mjpfhupfsf;fjpuhf elj; jpa rpg;gha; fyfnk,e;jpa Njrpaj; jpd; jhlf;fg; Gs;spahff; fujg;gl fpwj. vdpdk;>,e;jpahtp gz; tpl jiyf;fhd Kaw;rpfs; mjw;f Kd;d jhfnt uh[huhk; Nkhfd; uha; ( ) Nghd;wtHfspdh Nkw;fhs;sg; gl;ld. gj;jhd;gjhk; E}w;whz;L,e;jpahtp rphjpuj;jkk; NjrpaKk; xd;nwhlhd;w jhlhgilajhfnt tpsq;fpd. fztd; rpijap kidtpia vupj;jyhfpa rjp vdk; tof;fj;jpw;f Kw;Wg; Gs;sp itj;j > gh atpth fj;ij xopj;j > tpjitfs; kwkzj;ij Mjupj;j > tpjitfisf; fhlik ahd Kiwap elj;jj > g jhukzk;> gz;fisj; jdpna itj;jpuj;j vd;gtw;iwj; jlj;j Kjyhdit Njrpathjpfspd; rphjpuj;j Nehf;fq; fshf mike;jd. gz;f tp gup Jk; tw;gwj;jg;gl;lj. 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Ntjfhyj;jp gz;fs; f tpawpt kpf;fthfsha; kpf cd;dj epiyapyp Ue;jdH. gj;jhk; gjpdhuhk; E}w; whz;lfsp KfkjpaHfspd; Ml;rp Vw;gl;ljd; tpisthfnt> gz;fis Mf;fpukpg;ghsHfsplkpUe;J fhg;ghw; Wk; ghul;lk;>,dj;j}a;ikia cw jpg;glj;jk; tifapyk; gz;fsf; Ff; fl;lg;ghlfs; tff;fg;gl;ld vdk; fuj;jfs; gug;gg;gl;ld. R.C. Dutt vdk; tuyhw;whrpupah gz;fis KO ikahfj; jdpikg;glj;j > fl;lg;gh Lfs; vd;gd,e;jg; gof;ftof;fq;fs; m y. mit KfkjpaH fhyk; tiu,e;jpahtp mwpag;glhjit... ve;j thu gz;ila [hjpak;,e;jf;fis tpl cahe;j kupahijf;fupa epiy ap gz;fis itj;jpuf;ftp iy vd;w vojfpd;whh. gz;fspd; jho;t epiy vd;gj,ilf;fhyj;jp Vw; gl;ljhd;whifah > rphjpuj;jq;fs;> gz; f tp %yk; kpz;lk; gz;fs; Ntjfhyj;jp jhk; gw;wpue;j knfhd; dj epiyia,f;fhyj;jpyk; mila KbAk; vd;w $wg;gl;lj. NkYk;>,e;jpaj; Njrpathjk; rkar; rhhgilajhf> Gjpa,e;J kjj;ij (Neo-Hiduism) jdj mr;rhzpahff; fhz;l,aq;fpaj. 19k; E}w;whz; bd; jhlf;fj;jpypue;j 1947k; Mz;L tiu gpuk;k rkh[k; Nghd;w,af; fq;fsk;> tpntfhde;jh> fhe;jp> mutpe; jh Nghd;w,e;J rpe;jidahshfsk; fpwp];jtj;jpd; r thf;fpw;fk; Nkw; fj;jpa rpe;jidfsf;fk; vjpuhf,aq; fpa mnjntis> mr;rpe;jidfspd; jhf;fj;jpdh ghuk;gupa,e;j kjr; rpe;jidnahl;lj;jp Kf;fpa khw;wq; fisak; Vw;gLj;jpdH. vdnt> Gjpa,e;Jkjk; thzhrpukf; Nfhl;ghL $Wk; RtjHkk; (Fyj;jhopiyNa Gupj Ntz;Lk;)vDk; fhs;ifiaf; iftpl;l> m`pk;ir> fhuz;ak; vdk; fhs; iffis Mjhukhff; fhz;l cyfshtpa> mwewp rhhe;j rdhjd ewp ahf,e;j jhkj;ij kwrpuikj;jf; fhz;lj.,j rhjp cl;glg; g NtW r%frphjpuj;jq;fsf;f topnfh jhlu;jy; 93k; gf;fk; Uthaya Alex Sivasambu B.Sc. (Hos), M.B.A Broker Ottawa: SALE (7253) Toroto: SELL (7355) alex-sivasambu@coldwellbaker.ca,

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- 94 - jha;tpl brk;gu; December 2018 G+Tyfpd; Xirfs; xu ghushjhu mbahspd; thf;f %yk; (Cofessio of a Ecoomic Hitma - Joh Perkis) v yh ehlfspd; murpayk;,ul;ilj; jsq;fsp,aq;fgitjhd;.

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G+Tyiff; fw;wyk; Nfl;lYk; Mjpf;Fbfs; tuyhw> gz;ghl Mfp ait cyfq;fpyks;s Ma;thsHf sh MHtj;Jld; Njb Muha;e;J ghjfhf;fg;glfpd;wd.,aw;ifnahl,ire;j tho;e;j mk;kf;fs; tuyhwk; tho;tpd; gz;ghl;lf; Nfhyq;fs; ahtk; te;jpwq;fpa ts;isapd kf;fsh mopf;fg;gl;ld. mthfs; topj;njhd; w fs; NtuWe;J cjpupfshf tho;e;j fhz;bug;gij,d;wk; fhzyhk;. jq;fs; Jau typfis ghl fshf> xtpakhf> ftpijahf jug;ghl f shf tspg;glj;jfpwhhfs;. mt];jp- Nuypa Mjpf;Fbfspd; ftpijfspd; jhfg;ng,e;j E}.,tHfs; ftpijfsp Mf;fpukpf;fg; gl;l jk; G+HtPf kz;zpd; Nghuhl;lKk; mjp mopf;fg;gl;lthfspd; tpuk;> jpah fk; ahtk; fhl;lkpuhz;bj;;jdkhd ra fsd ts;isapd tw;wpahshfsh rpj;jupf;fg;gltij JaUld; gfphfpwhhfs;. Mz;l,dKk; mbik,dkk; fye;jjh cuthfpa Gjpa fyg;gpdj;jpd; csr; rpf;f fs;. mil ahsk; rhhe;j gpur;rpidfs; vd,u jug;gpduhyk; twg;gpw;f cs;shfk; mthfspd; JaHfs; xypf;fpd;wd. rhe;j kz;zp caphtho;tjw;fhftk; fhj ypg;gjw;fhfg; NghuhlNtz;bapUf;Fk; gu%r;rf;fisak; jpiar; Rw;wpapUe;J rhk;g jzyp te;j czit cw; NwhUld; gfphe;jz;zk; kfpo;itak; miufiwahfj; J}q;Fk;NghJ jq;fs; G+Tyiff; Nfl;fTk; fdtp kpjf;if ap mjndhl ciuahlk; cs;kd Vf;fj;ijAk; epoyp fh epl;br; rupe;jfplf;fk; fq;fhutpd; %r;irak; Mw;Wg;gLf;iffsp tul;rp kzj;jpidak;,e;e} ekf;f czhj;jfpd; wd. jkpohf;fk; ra;j Mspahs; Fwpg;gpL tijg;ngh,f;ftpijfs; vojg;gl; buf;fk; tuptbtk; Mq;fpykhf,Ue; jhyk;,tw;wpd; Md;kh fz;izg; gwpf;fk; gpufhrj;jld; fwg;ghf,uf; fpwj. tspapl mzq;f gz;zpag; gjpg;gfk;. epo fs; <oj;jp rpwfij> ftpij> tpkhrdk;> jpiug;glk;> gj;jpupif> fiy,yf;fpa,jo;fs; Mfpatw;wpd; %yk; ed;f jhlu;jy; 95k; gf;fk;

jha;tpl brk;gu; December 2018 mwpag;gl;lth m. NaRuhrh. epo fs; > rhtnrj jpiug;glq;fs; gw;wpa,t uj mz;ika tspapl.

,]; NuypaiuAk; gy];jpdpah thok; Nkw; Ff; fiuiaak; gpupf;fk;,lj;jp GJ tpl fl;bf; FbNawpa,];Nuypa ghjfhg;g mikr;rh jdj ghjfhg; gpw;fhf mufpys;s gy];jpdpa gz; zpd; vykpr;irj; Njhl;lj;ij mfw;wf;

mjw;fhf Gdpj FHMidAk; K yhitak; Jizf;F itj;jf; fhz;l mthfs; elj;jk; rjpak; mjw;fhf epjpf;fg; Gwk;ghd topap jz;lid milak; ruahtpd; fij jhd; Stoig of Soraya cz;ikr; rk;g tq;fspd; mbg;gilap cuthf;fg;

97 jha;tpl brk;gu; December 2018 mwpag;gl;lth m. NaRuhrh. epo fs; > rhtnrj jpiug;glq;fs; gw;wpa,t uj mz;ika tspapl. ehrpfspd; A+jf; fisalg;gpd;nghj gpnuf; efup xu A+jg; gz;zpw;f milf;fyk; fhlf;fpwhd; ght vd;w,isqd;. me;j cwt fhjyhf khwfpwj. Mdh epytpa murpa R+oyp ght fz;lfhz;l Jauk; jhd; Romeo Juliet ad Darkess.,]; NuypaiuAk; gy];jpdpah thok; Nkw; Ff; fiuiaak; gpupf;fk;,lj;jp GJ tpl fl;bf; FbNawpa,];Nuypa ghjfhg;g mikr;rh jdj ghjfhg; gpw;fhf mufpys;s gy];jpdpa gz; zpd; vykpr;irj; Njhl;lj;ij mfw;wf; NfhUfpwhH. mjw;f vjpuhf me;jg; gy];jpdpag; gz; jdj cupikia epiyehl;lg; NghuhLtNj Lemo Tree rpiwf;fhtyd; myp jdj kidtp ruahit kz tpyf;fr; ra;jtpl;l NtW gz;iz kzk; Kbf;f tpuk; Gfpwhd;. mjw;fhf Gdpj FHMidAk; K yhitak; Jizf;F itj;jf; fhz;l mthfs; elj;jk; rjpak; mjw;fhf epjpf;fg; Gwk;ghd topap jz;lid milak; ruahtpd; fij jhd; Stoig of Soraya cz;ikr; rk;g tq;fspd; mbg;gilap cuthf;fg; gl;l jpiug;glk;.,jp,];yhkpar; rl;lg;glb f ywpe;j fh yg;glk; fhl;rp eq;irtpl;l mfyhjj. u\;a> N[Hkdp>,j;jhyp> `pe;jp> Nghye;J> jkpo; cl;l jkpo;-rpq;fs FWe;jpiug;gl tpoh gw;wp tpupthftk; ghuj;jkhd jft Fwpg;Gf;fisAk; toq;ffpwj. rhhznt mthfs; Fwpg;gpLtJNgh jd;glk; Mokhd tplaq;fis vojk; yhtfkk; rh y te;jijr; rq;rpif tspf;f Vw;wthW vojk; jpwdk; fhz;ls;shh. frhf;fpd;,jpfhrk; etpd,e;jpa,yf;fpaj;jpd; kfj;jhd gilg;gf;fsp xd;w frhf;fpd;,jpfh rk; eht. Kiw jtwpa cwtpd; Fw;w czhr;rp tpul;l> gid Xirf; fhw;w tprk; tuz;l ghyf;fhl;lf; fpuhkkhd frhf; fpw;f te;j NrHfpwhd; utp. gbg;g third Eioaj; jaq;fk; mf; fpuh kj;jp XuhrpupaUf;fhd gs;spia cu thf;ffpwhd;. mf;fpuhk kf;fspd; tho; tp ghhitahsdhftk; gq;fhspahf Tk; khwfpwhd;. me;;j kf;fspd; ek; gpf;iffsf;fk; jhd;kq;fsf;fk; mwptpdj;jpw;fk; fhkj;jpw;fk; Qhdj; jpw;fk; rhl;rpakhf khwfpwhd;. frhf; fpd; ghj;jpuq;fs; mtdila me;j tho;f;ifap mq;fkhfpwhhfs;.,seph ta;apyp Jk;gpfs; miyak; me;j epyk; mtdila khkprkhfpwj. me;j kz;zp Rue;j eph mtdila ehsq; fsp CWfpwJ. ed;ikapd; jptpuj; jpw;fk; Fw;wj;jpd; trpfuj;jpw;fk;,il ap jlkhwpa mtd; mf;fpuhkj;jpyp Ue;J tspnaw Ka fpwhd;. Mdh tpjp NtWtpjkhff; fhj;jpuf;fpwj.,e;j eht kiyahs,yf;fpaj;jp mjtiu gpd;gw;wp te;j eht tb tj;ij khw;wpaj. gilg;g khopia cr;rj;jpw;ff;fhz;l rd;wj. gilg;g khopiaj; jdpj;jtg;glj;jp Gjpa jsj;jpw;ff; fhz;lrd;wj. vjhhj; jj;jpd;kpj khaq;fs; epiwe;j fijf; fsj;ij cuthf;fpwj. yj;jpd; mk upf;f,yf;fpaj;jp kha vjhhj;j thjk; mwpkfkhd mnjfhy mstp me; jg; Nghf;fpw;Fr; rkhe;jpukhd xd;w frhf;fpd;,jpfhrk; %yk; tspg;gl; lj. kiyahs etpdj;jtj;jpd; Mfr; rpwe;j Kd;khjpupAk; epfuw;w rhjid Ak;,e;j eht. jkpop A+kh thrfp. rhjpia mopj;jhopj;j (Aihilatio of Caste) myl;rpag;glj;jg;gl;l,e;jpa voj; Jf;fsp xd;w lhf;uh mk;ngj;fupd; rhjpia mopj;jhopj;j vd;w,e;j Ngrg;glhj ciuahfk;. yh$upd;,e;j rphjpuj;j mikg;g tulhe;j kfhehl;b ciuahw;w mk; Ngj;fiu mioj;jj. mtuj ciuia Kd;djhfNt Nfl;L thq;fpf; fhz; lj. mjd; cs;slf;fj;ijj; jhq;fkbahj kz;l mjphe;jj. mk;ngj;fh jkj Nkiliar; rhjp Kiwia tpkh rpf;f kl;lk yhk,e;j kjj;ijna jhf;ftjw;fg; gad;glj;jg; NghfpwhH vd;w mwpe;jjk; mtuf;fhd miog; igj; jpuk;gg; gw;wdh Nk khjj;jp me;j ciuiaj; jkj rhe; jr; rytp tspapl;lhh. cldbah fnt mj MW khopfsp khopg ahf;fg;gl;lj. rpwg;gupik gw;w,e; Jf;fs;,ij mwpahj; Japyp,Ue; jhyk;,e;e} rpwpa guk;ghyk; jypj;jf;fsh elj;jg;glk; mr;rfq;f sh > gjpg;gfq;fsh gjpg;gpf;fg;gl;l kps; gjpg;gr; ra;ag;gl;l - mk;ngj; fupd; khj;jj; jhfg;gpys;s gpw E} fisg; NghyNt mjpfkk; jypj; thrfhfsh fle;j vogj> vz;gj Mz;Lfshf thrpf;fg;gl tufpwj.,e;j E}ypw;F mue;jjp uha; kpf tpupthd Kd;Diuia vojpas;shh. thrpg;gp dh Gul;rpfisj; jhlf;f KbAk;> gy rkaq;fsp Jtq;fpAk;,Uf;fpd;wd vdf; Fwpg;gpLk; mth> eilkiw tho;tp jypj;kf;fs; jq;fs; Ra fsu tj;jld; tho;tijg; ghwf;fkbahj cah rhjpapdh mthfis vt;thw fh^ukhfr; rpj;jputij ra;jhhfs; vd;gij eilgw;w gy rk;gtq;fs ld; tpsf;ffpwhh. tpupthd mbf; Fwpg; Gf;fSld; tspte;jpuf;fk; gy Kf; fpa tuyhw;w tpthjq;fsk;,izf; fg;gl;ls;sd.,e;e}ypd; jkpohf;fk; g;nukh Nutjp. tspapl fhyr;rtl. xu je;ijapd; epidtf; Fwpg;Gfs; 1975 gpujkh,e;jpuh fhe;jp ehlhs kd;w cwg;gpduhfj; juptra;ag;gl; lj r yhj vd myfhghj; epjp kd;wk; jphg;g mspj;jijj; jhlhe;j mturepiy gpufldg;glj;jg;gl;lj. mjtiu fhzhj mlf;fkiw epytpa,uz;l fhyr; R+o. Nfusj;jpd; Nfhopf;NfhL ghwpapa f Y}upap,Wjpahz;L gbj;jf; fhz;bue;j khztd; uh[d; f Y}up tshfj;jp Kd;dh itj;jf; fht Jiwapduh ifjra;ag;glfpwhh.,ljrhupr; rpe;jidapd; Mjuthsdhf,Ue;j uh[d; xu ghyp]; epyaj; jhf;fj fhuzkhfnt ifjra;ag; glfpwhd;. Nghyp]; epiyaj; jhf;fj yp <Lgl;l jptputhjpapd; gauk; uh[d;.,e;jg; gah xw;wikah jhd; NguhrpupaH b.tp. <r;ruthupahupd; kfd; - uh[d; ifj ra;ag;glfpwhd;. f Y}up Kj tuh jft juptpf; fg;gl;l <r;ruthupahuf;f kfd; gw;wp vjtk; mwpakbatp iy. khepyj;jpd; cs;jiw mikr;rh> khepy cs;jiwr; rayhsh. fhtw;jiw cah mjpfhup fs; midtuplkk; kd mspj;j kfd; vd;dthdhd; vdf; fq;rfpwhh. ve;j tpgukk; me;j tajhd je;ijah mwpe;jfhs;s Kbatp iy. kfd; vg;gbahtj tuthdd tpl;b xt; NthH ehsk; czt itf;fg;glfpwj. Mdh kfd; tuntap iy. ehe;j Nghd jhahh kdepiy Fog;gp kf idf; fhzhkny,we;j NghfpwhH. mf;fh> jq;if epk;kjpia,oe;jngh apdh. euf;fb epiy jphe;jgpd; vd; WNk jhd; fhzkbahk Nghd kfid kpl;fk; je;ijg; ghrj;jh Ml;fhzHT kd mspj;jhh. mj jhlhghf mth miye;j miyr;r fs;> gw;wf;fhz;l jft fs;> kd cior;r fs; gw;wpa fz;zpupd; tuyhw,e;j E}. kiyahs %yj;jp tspte;j E}iy Fsr;r K A+Rg; jkpohf;fk; ra;js; shh.,j xu fhyr;rtl tspapl. Whe Memory Dies 1958k; Mz;L jkpohfsf;f vjpuhd,dg; glfhiyfs; epfo;e;jnghj jkpohfshf,uf;f NeHe;j fhuzj; jpw;fhf kl;lnk kdpjhfs; fh yg; gltijf; fz;l,th ehl;il tpl;l tspnawpdhh. ehl;il tpl;l tsp- Nawp gpupl;ld; te;j,th Nottig hill ts;is,dj;jthfsh fwg;gpd; kf;fs;kpj epfo;j;jg;gl;l td;raiy vjphfhs;s NeHe;jjhff; Fwpg;gpLk;,tH mg;nghnj vd;id xu fwg;g dhf czhe;njd; vdf; Fwpg;gpLfpwhH.,yq;ifap khwp khwp Ml;rp mjp fhuj;jpw;f te;j rpq;fs Ml;rp Kiw ikf;fs; %d;w jiykiwfshf rpq; fs> jkpo; kf;fspilna epytpa tho;t Kiwfs;> r%f cwtfspd; tpupr fs;> rpijtfs;> rpe;jid khw;wq;fs; Mfp atw;wld;,dg;gpur;rpid rhhe;jk;>,dg;glfhiyfs; rhhe;jk;,u,d kf;fsf;fpilap Vw;gl;l gif> jpukz cwtfs;,ilap Vw;gl;l tpupr fs;> Vw;Wf;fhz;l rha;tfs;. jj;jthhj khw;wq;fs;>,wf;fq;fs; vd;gdtw;iw MrpupaH jdj eil Kiw mdgtq;fspd}lhf Muha;fp whh. Ml;rpahsHfsh Kd;dLj;Jt Uk;,d mopg;gf; $Wfspd; Ntupid epf;f Mrpupauh Kd;itf;fg;gLk; rpj; jhe;jk; gw;wp,d;iwa cs;ehl;l> cyf murpa gpd;dzpap rpyh khwglyhk; m yj,zq;fpg;nghf yhk;. Mdh,e;j eht xu rha;t epiyaw;w tuyhw;w Kf;fpaj;Jtk; tha;e;j gjptfshftk; rpwe;j,yf;fp ag;gilg;ghftk; Kf;fpaj;Jtk; gw fpwj. g NtW murpa fl;liu E} fs ld; Where the Dace Is vd;w rpwfijj; jhfg;igak; tspapl;ls;s Mrpup ah,e;j ehtyf;fhf Eurasia guprpidg; gw;wtuhthh. Mwpg;Nghd fhaq;fspd; typ Njhw;fbf;fg;gl;l <o tpljiyg; Nghuhl; lj;jpd; gpd; Nghuhspfspd; Jau typ ahyk; gu%r;rf;fshyk; epiwe;j gjptfs;.,e;e} gjpdl;l Mz;Lfs; tpljiyg;gypfs;,af;fj;jpd; Nghuh spahfr; ra gl;l tw;wpr;r tpapd; gk;igkl jlg;g Kfhkpd; mdgtq;fs;. NghHf;fsj;jp tpukld; rkuhbathfs; mfjp Kfhk;fspd; Kd;dh fz;zpu ld; mtkhdj;jh epyk; ghhj;j epw; fpwhhfs;.,dp vd;d vd;w Nfs;tpapd; Kd; vjphfhyk; R+dpak; fhz;buf;fp wj. jq;fs; fz;kd;nd mioj;jr; r yg;gl;l rf Nghuhspfspd; fjp vd;d vdf; fyq;fp epw;fpwhhfs;. rf Nghuhspahf,Ue;jtd; mfjp Kfhkp,uhDtj;jpd; mq;fkhf,ue;j ijf; fhz NeHifap rpdk; fhs;fpwhh fs;. jdj JNuhfj;jdj;ij csthsp fspd; tw;wpahf mtd; fhf;fupf; ifap mthfsh vd;djhd; ra;a KbAk;? fhe;jhf;fhitf; fz;bhfsh fhe;jhf;fhitf; fz;bhfsh vd;w Fu VJkw;W mdhijahfp miyak; g yhapuk; rpwthfs; Fuyhf xypf;fp wj. NghH Kbe;Jtpl;lJ.,dp ehq;f Sk; epq;fsk; ez;ghfs; rkkhdth fs; vd;w mjpfhupap FuYf;F epq;fs; vg;nghjk; cauj;jp jhd;,ug;gphfs;. ehq;fs; vg;nghjk; cq;fis mz; zhe;j ghhj;nj gjp r fpwthfsha; fpno,uf;f NehupLk; vd;w gz; Nghuhspapd; gjpyk;,e;j Ks;Ntypf; Fs;jhd; xypf;fpwj. gu];gu md;g> cjtp> MWj $w > Gwq;$w twg;g vd g NtW md gtf; fyg;gpd}lhf g NtW Nghuhspfspd; tho;t> Jauk;> typ vd;gd $l;lhf czhj;jg;glfpd;w Ntisap tpljiy gw;wr; r gthkpj Vw;g Lk; ghwhikak; jhz;l epwtdd; xutdpd; Raeyr; Ruz;lYk; gfpug; gl;buf;fpd;wd. xu guq; fdtpd; tpo;r;rpapd; md eq;rp miwfpwj.

98 jha;tpl brk;gu; December 2018

jha;tpl brk;gu; December 2018 mkuh jpukjp ehnf];tup jpuehtf;fur epidthf elj;jg;gl;l cyfshtpa <oj;jg; gilg;ghspfspd; rpwfijg; Nghl;bap rpwg;gg; gupr gw;w> gh. G];guh[{tpd; rpwfij.

99 jha;tpl brk;gu; December 2018 mkuh jpukjp ehnf];tup jpuehtf;fur epidthf elj;jg;gl;l cyfshtpa <oj;jg; gilg;ghspfspd; rpwfijg; Nghl;bap rpwg;gg; gupr gw;w> gh. G];guh[{tpd; rpwfij. m d;w Nga; kio> cl;fhhe;jhs; Nkfyh. NghHf;fhy Nkfq;fs; mtspd; fz;fsp fz;zph fhg;g #o;e;jpue;j Neuk;> Jg;ghf;fp tbr; rj;jk; Nfl;L kf;fs; mq;fk;,q;fk; Xbj;jpupe;jdH. spj;jj. ftiyg;glhnj kfs;> gakp yhk Ngha; th mk;ghs; Jiz ekf;f Jizahf,Uf;Fk;. NghdJk; lyp- gq;fhfsf;fs;sk;> fhl;b fs;> kuj; jbapyk; kf;fs; thog; gofpf;fhz;l xu,f;fl;ldhd epiyikiaf; fhz;l fhyk; mj. Nkfyh Nfhz;lhtpiy gpwg;gkhff; fhz;lts;. Aj;jk; mtspd; FLk;gj; jhiu rpyhgk; gfjpf;f Fbgau itj; jj.,tnshl mz;zd;khh,utuk; ehl;bd; ghjfhg;gg; gilapdupd; ra ghl;lf;fg; gae;j yz;ldf;f Gyk; gahe;jtpl;ldh. Nkfyhtpd; mg;gh Nfhz;lhtpyp RUl;L tpahghuj;ij Nkw;fhz;ltH. rpyhgj;jf;f FbgaHe;Jk; jd; G+H tpfj; jhopiy mth iftpltp iy. fw;gpl;bap Gifapiyia fhs;k j ra;j rpyhgj;jp jd; thlif tpl;l Kd;wyp rpw fhl;biy eph khzpj;j jd; RUl;L jhop Nkw; fhz;lhh. rpyhgj;jp ghyp]hupd; flgpbah Nfhz;lhtpyp Nghd;W RUl;Lj; jhop mtuf;f gupastp if fhlf;f tp iy gilapdh fhl;bah vd mbf;fb,tupd; tpl;il Nrhjid Nkw;fhs;tjh jhopyhsh gq;rk;,tupd; ifiaf; fbj;jj.,utiu kl;lk; itj;jj; jhopiy Nkw;fhz; lhh. tutf;fk; jhopyf;fk; tukhdk; rupahdjhfnt,ue;jj.,g;nghj kzp fhiy 9. mg;gh ehisf;f Nguhjdpah fk; g];f;f Nghf Ntz;Lk;. ehis kw jpdk; fk;g]; jpwf;fpdkhk; mg;gh.,g;g NubNah ra;jpap rhd;dhhfs;. mk;khtf;f Rfk iyjhnd. ehd; jdpahf NghfpNwd; mg;gh. rupjhd; gps;s. ep gupa J}uk; jdp ahfg; Nghf KbAkh? ehlk; fl;l fplf;fpd;wj. jpbh jpbud ghyp]; tpjpj; jil Nrhjid Ntw,Uf;F. cd; mk;khtk; eq;rtypap fplf;fp whs;. vdf;f vd;d gak;.,q;f te;jgpwf gak; v yhk; jhiyq;rg;nghr;r. rpq; fskk; Rkhuhf NgrTk; vdf;f Kb Ak;. v yhtw;iwak; rkhspj;jf;fhs; Ntd; mg;gh. epq;fs; mk;khit ft dpj;jf; fhs;sq;nfh. uhirah mtupd; Kfk; KOtJk; Nrhfk; mg;gpf; fhz;lj. Kjd; Kjyhf fk;g];f;f jdpahf gazkhfpwhs; Nkfyh. g NtW fdtfsld; g]; tz;bap cl;fhhe;j epiyap. g]; tz;b jdj gazj;ij Muk;gpj; jj. Nkfyhtpd; ew;wpap gupa tpg+jp gl;il> re;jdg; ghl;l GJ xu &gha; ehza mstp. rptp Xiy Nghd;W Nfhz;lhtp gfjpap Aj;jk; cr; rj;ij vl;bapue;jnghj gilapdh Nkfyhit J}f;fptpLthHfNsh vd;w gaj;jp,tspd; mg;gh ghj;jp> ghj;jp ghjfhj;jhh.,g;nghj mtupd; eq;r KOtJk; Nkfyhitg; gw;wpa epid Tfs; miy miyahf NkhjpaJ. RUl;il Rj;jTk; mtupd; iffs; kwj; jd.,g;nghj g]; tz;b gpq;fpupa g]; rup mk;kh vk;ik mts; Kd;Nd]; tuk; tbthk;gpif mk;kh iftplkhl; lhs;. twk; ifald; rpyhgk; te;njhk;. mts;jhd; cd; mz;zd;,utiu Ak; vg;gbnah mtd;>,td; ehjhup fh fsp tpoitj;j yz;ldf;f mdg;gptpl;lts;. mnj khjpup cd; mk;khitak; mk;ghs; Fzkhf;fptpL ths; gps;s ftiyg;glhnj v yhk; mk;khs; tpl;l top jhiyf;fg;gl;lts; - gh. G];guh[{ rup mg;gh. kwehs; tpbe;jj. Nkfyh rpyhgk; g]; epiyaj;jpw;fs; Eioe;jhs;. rpyhgk; g]; epiyaj;jp fz;b r Yk; g]; mtsf;fhf fhj;j epd;wj. g]; tz;bapd;,uf;ifap Nghdp NgRk; kwe;jplhnj gps;s. rup mg;gh kpz;lk; Nkfyhtpd; fz;f sp eph Nfhj;jd. g]; tz;bf;fs; rhujp Vwp jd;,uf; ifap cl;fhhe;jjk; g]; tz;bia tpl;l,wq;fpdhh Nkfyhtpd; mg;gh gpd;dpa $e;jyp k ypif rhk; mt spd; moif mofg;glj;jpaj. fhe;jf; fthr;rpak; rhe;jj; Njhw;wKk; fhz;l up\g uhrpf; fhupakhd Nkfyh jhd; jkpor;rp vd;gij milahsg;g Lj;jp g]; tz;bap Njtijahf cl; fhhe;jpue;jhs;. epwj;jk; epiyaj;ij jhl;lj. Nkfyh mufp xu ehw;gj taj kjpf;fj;jf;f gz; cl;fhhe;jhs;. mtspd; cil gsj;j kj fyhrhuj;jpw;f Vw;w tif ap,ue;jj. mt;tilfs; mtis xu rpq;fsg; gz; vd;gij mil jhlu;jy; 98k; gf;fk;

- 98 - jha;tpl brk;gu; December 2018 jhiyf;fg;gl;lts;... 97k; gf;fj; jhlhr;rp... ahsk; fhl;baj.

100 jha;tpl brk;gu; December 2018 jhiyf;fg;gl;lts;... 97k; gf;fj; jhlhr;rp... ahsk; fhl;baj. Gj;j gfthd; caph tho;e;j fhyj;jp mt;tg;nghj mtuh Nghjpf;fg;gl;l tpguq;fisa yhk; jpul;b> mth eph thzk; Nkhl;rk; mile;j gpwf mu `e;j gpf;ffs; xd;w$b jhff;fg; gl;l E}yhd jk;kgjk; mg;nghj mt spd; ifap jhz;ltkhbf; fhz;l,ue;jj. Nkfyhit ghhj;jjk; Kiwj;Jg; ghhj; jhs; mts;. ehq;f g];]{f;fs;s Fz;L,Uf;FNkh vd;w gaj;jp ga zpf;fpnwhk;.,e;j jpkpw gpbr;r jkp or;rp ew;wpap tpg+jp> ghl;lld;... vd;d... jpkpw,uf;fk;,tsf;f. r;... Nf!... vd mtspd; kdjp me;j gz; Ngrpf; fhz;lhs;. mtspd; Kiwg;G Nkfyhit mjl;b aj. VJk; tk;ik tshj;jtplthnsh vd;w gak; mtsf;fs; gutpaj. gaj; jh Nkfyhtpd; Kj;jp tpahit tbaj; jhlq;fpaj. kpz;lk; g]; tz;b Gwg;gl;lJ.,g;NghJ g]; tz;b `l;bg;ghy efiu jhltjw;f rpy epkplq;fns,ue;jd. ghyp]hh if epl;b g]; tz;bia epwj;jpdh. toikiag; Nghy ghyp]hh gazpfs; midtiuak;,wf;fp tupirg;glj;jp tpjpapd; Xuj; jp epwj;jpdh.,ij tpjpap r NthH $l;lkha; $bepd;w Ntbf;ifg; ghhj;jdh. 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INah ehq;fs; mq;f vt;tst f\; lg;gl;nlhk;. gpnydp Fz;L NghLthH fs;. mq;fk;,q;fk; XLNthk;. tpjp KOtJk;,uj;j rfjp. kdpj gpz;lq; fs;. mq;fk;,q;fk; rpjwpf; fplf;fk;. kuq;fsp kdpj,iwr;rp jhq;fk;. rhg;ghl, iy. jz;zph, iy. vt;tst f\;lg;gl;nlhk;. fpshyp top ahfj;jhd; rpyhgk; te;j NrHe;Njhk;. vq;fl mg;gdpd; rhj;j G+uh mopq; Rg; Nghr;R. cru kl;ljhd; vq;fs; fpl;l,g;g kpq;rp,uf;f.,j yhk; vkf;fj; jupahj.,q;f gilapdupd; rht gw;wpj;jhd; kf;fsf;f ra;jpfs; tuk;. kue;j> jz;zph>, yhj grpiaak; mlf;fp itj;j Nftykhd tho;f;ifia tho;fpnwhk;. vq;fs; gps;isfs; jha;g; gh Grpj;jjp iy. mg;gps;isfs; jhl; biyf;$l fz;ljp iy. kuj;j epo yp tho;e;j gof;fg;gl;ltpl;lhhfs;. INah ghtk; vd;whs; Iuhq;fdp,g; NghJ g]; Kf;fp Kdfpf;fhz;L fy fju kiyghij topahf rd;wfhz;l,ue;jj. Nkfyh ep Vd; cd; ehl;l tpljiyf; fhf mthfs; gilap Nrutp iy? mf;fh mij Vd; Nfl;fpwPHfs;. vdf;f gilap NruNtz;Lk; caphj;jpahfk; ra;antz;lk; vd;w czhnt, iy mf;fh.,g;nghj g]; tz;b fl;lf];jhl;il ghyj;ij jhl;lj. 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Nkfyh mfg;gl tp iy.,g;nghj fpspehr;rp jhiyf; fg;gl;lthfs; mikg;gp,ize;j kfspd; glj;ij Ve;jpathW kwpa Nghuhl;lj;jp <Lgl;L tufpwhh. fyq; fpa Kfj;Jld;. jhiyf;fg;gl;lthfs; yp];l;lf;fs; mg;ghtp Nkfyh te;j tpjk;,t;thwjhd;. kfs; Vf;fj;jp mtspd; mk;kh,ug; gj xu kd tpahjp M];gj;jpupap.,g;NghJ fhyp rq;fpyp G+l;lg;gl;L fl;byld;,zj;jthw. Nkfyh fz;z Nkfyh vd rj;jkpl;l Gyk;Gfpwhs;.,t;thW vj;jid Nkfyhf;fs; jhiyf; fg;gl;l mk;kh> mg;gh igj;jpakhf tpjpfsp jpupthhfnsh! fltsf;fj; jhd; rspr;rk;. jha;tpl gj;jpupif gw;wpa tpkhrdq;fis vjphghhf;fpd;nwhk;. tpkhrdq;fs; vk;ik XH MNuhf;fpakhd ghijap,l;lr;r Yk;. ifo@thaiveedu.com Fax: Tel:

101 jha;tpl brk;gu; December

- 100 - jha;tpl brk;gu; December 2018 tp.vd;.

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ghd;idah tpntfhde;jd; NgRifap 90f;Fk; mjpfkhd ClftpayhsHfs; fye;j fhz;l xu epfo;r;rp,j.

- Nrhf;fy;Nyh rz;kfehjd;- Kj jft jhd; ra;jp. ra;jp,jio elj;jtj Kf;fpak;. ra;jp mwk; rk; ge;jg;gl;lj.

102 jha;tpl brk;gu; December 2018 tp.vd;. kjpmofd; rh Yk; ra;jpfs; E} tspapl;l tpoh ];fhgnuh rptpf; rd;uh Nfl;NghH muq;fp > kz;lgk; KOikAk; epiwe;j rignahl Muk; gpj;jpue;jj. etk;gh 3e; jpfjp rdpf;fpoik. xu Rkhuhd fhyepiyapny Fwpg;gpl;l Neuj;jpw;F> rpy epkplq;fs; gpe;jp E} tspapl Muk;gkhfpapUe;jJ. Nrhk rr;rpjhde;jdila fzpud;w xypj;j Fuyp > jkpo; tho;j;ij rig urpj;jf; Nfl;lJ. tp.vd;. kjpmofd; mthfs; tuntw;giu epfo;j;jifap jhd; 2000k; Mz;b T.V.I jhiyf;fhl;rpap gp.tpf;nd];t ud; mthfspd; Ntz;LNfhspd;gb,ize;J fhz;ljhff; Fwpg;gpl;lhH. ez;gh jpur;r tk; mthfspd; Nfhupf; ifapd;gb gp. tpf;nd];tud; mthfs;,t;tpohtpw;f jiyik jhq;ftjhf NkYk; Fwpg;gpl;lhH. mj;njhl rh Yk; ra;jpfs; E} tpw;gid %yk; fpilf;fk; gzj;jp xu jhif uhwd; Nuhtp jkpo;,uf;if f;f toq;fg;g Lk; vdr; rigap mwptpj;jhh. $l;lj; jhfg;ghsh xutuf;f,f; $l;lk;gw;wp mwptpj;jnghj kjpaz;iz epq;fs;,j vdf;f 4tJ Kiwahf mwptpf;fpd;wphfs; vd;w rhd;djhf>,e;jr;rk;gtj;ijr;rh yp> vt;tst rpukg;gl;l,e;jr; rigia,q;f NrHj;J,Uf;fpNwd; vd;w rpupg;gh ypf;f kj;jpap rhd;dhh kjpmofd;. tpoh rpwg;ghf eilgwfpwj. vdf;f thdhyp> jhiyf;fhl;rpj;jiwap 48tUlfhy mdgtk; cz;l. 48tUl fhy mdgtj;njhl jiyik jhq;ftj vdf;f kfpo;r;rp. kjpmofd; kpf El;g khf jdj gzpiar; ra;jhh. xu Kf;fpakhd fhyfl;lj;jp,e;e} tsptufpd;wj vd;w Ngrpa gp. tpf; Nd];tud;> Clf mwk; vd;d vd;gij kpf tpupthf vlj;jiuj;jhh. Rg;gpukzpak; rptehaf%hj;jp mthfs; mq;f NgRifap rq;fehjk; > jq; ff;fhoe;j Nghd;w jukhd epfo;t fis elj;jpath.,aw;if mdhhj; jq;fs;> murpa Fog;gq;fs; kj;jpap gzpgupe;jth tp.vd;. kjpmofd; vd;whh. ciuahw;wtj xu fiy> vdf;f mof. kjpmofid kjpj;j ciuahw;w vd; whhfs;.,e;jf; fiyauridg; ghuhl; Ltjw;Nf vdf;f mwpt NghjhJ., ywk; fhf;fk; e y kdpjd;.,tupd; fhyk;jhd; ghw;fhyk; vd;ngd;.,g;g bna epz;l fhz;l NghdJ. voj;jhsh m. Kj;Jypq;fk;> tp.vd;. kjpmofdpd; rh Yk; ra;jpfs; E}iy tspapl;l itj;jhh. mtuila 48 tulfhy mdgtj;ij ehq;fs;,uz;l kzpj;jpahyj;jp gbj;j Kbf;fpd;Nwhk;.,J vdf;f xu Fw;w czhitj; je; jj.,e;j E}iy tspapl;l itf;fpw tha;g;ig vdf;fj; je;js;shh> vd;w rh yp E}iy tspapl;l itj;jhh. itj;jpa fyhepjp tbnty rhe;jfkhh Kjw;gpujpiag; gw;wf;fhz;lhh. mlj;j gpujpia jha;tpl gj;jpupif apd; MrpupaH bypg;fkhh gw;wf;fhz; lhh. jpukfs; fdfehafk;> [fd; fdfehafk; MfpNahUk; gpujpfisg; gw;wf;fhz;ldh. mj;jld;> kjpmofdpd; 48tUl mdgt Mz;ilf;Fwpf;Fkfkhf 48 gpukfhf Sf;F rpwg;gg; gpujp toq;fg;gl;lj. ghd;idah tpntfhde;jd; NgRifap 90f;Fk; mjpfkhd ClftpayhsHfs; fye;j fhz;l xu epfo;r;rp,j. ra;jpfis tpyf;fptpl;l tho;f;ifap gq;fgw;w KbahJ.,jopa xu ghl khftpuf;fpwj> rayh epfo;j;jg;g LtJ ra;jp vd;w jhlhe;j NgrpdhH. - Nrhf;fy;Nyh rz;kfehjd;- Kj jft jhd; ra;jp. ra;jp,jio elj;jtj Kf;fpak;. ra;jp mwk; rk; ge;jg;gl;lj. ClftpayhsHfs; cz; ikiar;rh y Ntz;Lk;. voj;jg;gpio te;jh rdk; jpuj;jp thrpf;fk; vd;w tplf;$lhj. xnu ra;jpia NtWtpj khf voj Ntz;Lk; vd;wk; rhd;dhh. 50tUlg; gj;jpupifj;jiw mdgtk; gw;w v];.jpur;r tk; mthfs; NgR ifap Nrh. rptghjre;juk; mthfsj jkpnohir vd;w KjyhtJ xypgug; Gf;fiy rk;ge;jkhd E} tspte;jj.,e;j kz;lgj;jpw;fk;> thdhypj;jiwf; Fk; jhlhg cz;l. vj GjpaNjh mjjhd; ra;jp.,q;f rh yg;glk; ra;jpfs; mr;r Clfk; rk;ge;jg;gl; lj m y.,ughus; mikakhw ra;jpfs;,uf;ff;$lhj. rh Yk; ra;jpfis xu MAjkhff;fhs;Nthk;. xukiw voe;j epd;w ed;wp rh Nthk;.,t;thW v];. jpur;r tk; jhlhe;j NgrpdhH. Vw;Giu $wpa kjpmofd; midtuf; Fk;> jdpj;jdpahfg; gah Fwpg;gpl;L ed;wp juptpj;jhh. xu rpwg;ghd E} tspapl;b gq;fgw;wpa guiknahl> Fwpg;gpl;l Neuj;jp $l;lk; KbTf; Ff;fhz;Ltug;gl;L rig fiye;jj. gp.tpf;nd];tud; mthfs; jdj jiy ikaiuap > kjpapd; vz;zg;gb,t; fyhuh[d; ftpij eilap jdj ciuia epfo;j;jpdhh. mitawpe;j tpntfhde;jd; NkYk; $Wifap epa+]; vd;gj ehd;f jpirfisak; Fwpf;fpwJ. samugaatha@thaiveedu.com

103 jha;tpl brk;gu; December

104 jha;tpl brk;gu; December 2018

jha;tpl brk;gu; December 2018-103 - el;rj;jpuq;fspd; murp, vd;nwd;. yq;ifap mg;gbah rh thhfs;? vd;whh. mg;gbak; rh thhfs; mj vd;d? Nkhrk; NghdhH vd;whh murp.

fhh khhf;];,we;jnghj mtuila ez;gh Vq;f ]; rhd;djjhd; kuzj; ijg; gw;wpa kpfr; rpwe;j rpj;jupg;g vd epidf;fpnwd;. khguk; rpe;jid ahsh rpe;jpg;gij epwj;jpdhh vd;whh murp. ltp iy. mj mtuila gue;jd;ik.

105 jha;tpl brk;gu; December el;rj;jpuq;fspd; murp, vd;nwd;. yq;ifap mg;gbah rh thhfs;? vd;whh. mg;gbak; rh thhfs; mj vd;d? Nkhrk; NghdhH vd;whh murp.,we;jnghdhh vd;gij mg;gbr;rh Yk; tof;f epz;lfhykhf,uf;fpwj. kuzpj;jhh>,aw;if va;jpdhh> fhy khdhh> rj;jg;nghdhh>,iwtdb NrHe;jhH>,g;gb v yhk; rh tj Kz;L. Ms; rup vd;w tf;fpukhftk; rpyh rh yf;$lk;. fhh khhf;];,we;jnghj mtuila ez;gh Vq;f ]; rhd;djjhd; kuzj; ijg; gw;wpa kpfr; rpwe;j rpj;jupg;g vd epidf;fpnwd;. khguk; rpe;jid ahsh rpe;jpg;gij epwj;jpdhh vd;whh murp. ltp iy. mj mtuila gue;jd;ik. tpkhd epiyaj;jpypue;j mtiu mioj;jtu rpth NtYg;gps;is rd; wpue;jhh. rpth> uhwhd;nuhtp ed;f mwpag;gl;l jkpo; gw;whsh. js;s tz;bap js;sp te;j murpapd; ga zg;gl;bia fhup Vw;wpa gpd;dh murpak; fhup Vwpf;fhz;lhH. tpl te;jnghj epz;l gazj;jp murp fisj;jg; NghapUe;jhH. gazg; gl; bia,wf;fpdhhfs;. murpapd; r Ngrpia fhztp iy. Kf;fpakhd jf t fs; mlq;fpaj. murpapd; kjpg;g mjp jq;fpapue;jj. fdlhtpd; kjpg;g mij kpl;gjp,ue;jj. rpth kwgb Ak; fhiu mjpntfkhf Xl;bf;fhz;L tpkhd epiyak; NghdhH. fhh jupg;gp lk; MW khbfs; fhz;lj. ehyhtj khbap fhh epwj;jpa G4 jupg;gplj;ij lhh. mtiu kuj;jtkidf;f vlj;jr; rd;nwhk;. jiyapny mbgl;ltpl;lj. vl;l ija Nghl;L> fl;lk; Nghl;L kue;jk; fhlj;jhhfs;. tpl;lf;f $l;b te;j mtiu rupahfj;jhd; ftdpj; Njhk;. mth cujf;ftpqh vd;gj cq; fsf;fj; jupak;. rpwtajp,ue;nj mth jhd;,aw;wpa cujf; ftpijfis vdf;fr; rh thh. mtuila ftpijfis tspaplntz;lk; vd;w fdt mtuf;f,ue;jj. Mdh tspaplnt Kbatp iy. mtuila MjHrk; ahh? mth XH cujf; ftpqupd; gaiu mbf;fb rh thh. mth ftpijf isak; rh ypapuf;fpwhh. me;jf; ftpqh tspna Ngha;tpl;L tpl;lf;f - m. Kj;Jypq;fk; - gbf;f Kbatp iyna vd;w Jf;fk;,Ue;jJ. mijg; Nghf;Ftjw;fhf mg;gh jput ypf;nfzpap cs;s gioa Gj;jff; filap vdf;f Gj;j fq;fs; thq;fpj; juthh. mj;jld; gb> gb vd;w Cf;Ftpg;ghH. vd;kpj gupa ek;gpf;if itj;jpue;jhh. ehd; Nkil Vwpg; NgRk;NghJ J}uj;jp epd;w Nfl; ghh. Kbe;jJk; mth Nfl;Fk; Nfs;tp ep jahupj;j VjhtJ xd;iw Ngrj; jtwptpl;lhah? vd;gjjhd;. Mdh vd; mz;zuf;f ehd; Gj;jfk; gbg; gjk;> Nkilfsp NgRtJ gpbf;f tp iy. vd;id twj;jhh. xuehs; Gj;jfq;fis vlj;j tspna tprp vd; rhd;wpjo;fis vupj;jhh. mz;z murp kpfg; gupa Ngr;rhsH. gl;lj;jzp tof;ftjnghy thhj;ijfs;,a ghf tuk;. $l;lj;jpny Ngr Muk;gpf; Fk;NghJ mth jiy Fdpe;jpUf;Fk;. jhlf;fj;jp rhw;fs; uf];af; Fu yp > Mdh jspthd cr;rupg;gp tsptuk;. xt;thu thhj;ijahf NgRk;NghJ xyp cauk;. thhj;ij kl;lkp iy mtuila czhr;rp NtfKk; khwglk;. ghujpapd; ghl jhd; mth jupthf mnefkhf,uf; Fk;. mijr; rh yp Kbf;Fk;NghJ mth vd;d rhd;dhyk; Vw;Wf;fhs; Sk; kdepiy rigf;f mike;jtplk;. Njbr; NrhW epjk; jpd;w gy rpd;dq;rpw fijfs; Ngrp kdk;thb Jd;gk; kpf cod;w gpwh thl gy ra fs; ra;j eiu$b fpog;gutk; va;jp fhlk; $w;wf;f,iuad khak; gy Ntbf;if kdpjiug;nghy vd;id tpo;ntd; vd;w epidj;jhnah. md;w fhiyjhd; murp fdlhtf;f te;jpue;jhh. epykk; gr;irak; fye;j Rupjhup NeHj;jpahff; fhzg;gl;lhh. gy ehlfsf;fr; rd;w mdgtk; mtuf;fz;l. fdlhtf;f,jjhd; Kj jlit. mth gazj;ij xu fl;lj;jp epwj;j Ntz;ba epiy Vw; gl;lj. mtuila mg;gh,we;jtpl; lhh vd;w fhlk; ra;jp te;jj.,e;j epiyap xg;ge;jg;gb Vw;ghL ra;j tpohtf;f tuk;gb mtiu vg;gb ephg;ge;jpf;f KbAk;. Mapuf; fzf; fhd kf;fs; mth Ngr;irf; Nfl;gjw;F bf;fl; thq;fpapue;jdh. tpkhd bf;fl; Lk; mdg;gpahfptpl;lj. tpoh Vw;ghl; lhsuf;f guk; el;lk; Vw;gLtij jlf;f KbahJ.,e;j,f;fl;lhd rkaj;jp jd;dh,j;jid NgH Vkhw;wkilaf;$lhJ vd;w e yz; zj;jp gazj;ij murp js;spg;ngh %d;w jtwfsf;fg; gpd;dh fz;l gpbj;jhh. mjp NtW xu fhh epd;wj. js;s tz;b mnj,lj;jp epd;wj. r NgrpAk; itj;j,lj;jp mg;g bna gj;jpukhff; fhj;jpue;jj. murp Mr;rupag;gl;lhH. ehy kzp Neuk; mj mq;nfna fple;jj. mtuila kfpo;r; rpf;f msnt, iy.,ija yhk; murpjhd; xu jpfp fijia rh tjnghy vdf;fr; rhd;dhh. cq;fs; mg;gh vg;gb,we;jhh? mth tajhdtuh? kuj;jtkidap gy ehl;fs;,ue;jhuh? xu NehAk;, iy. v yhnk jpbud;w ele;j Kbe;Jtpl;lJ. xu ehs; Fspayiwap tof;fp tpoe;j tpl; jpuk;gk;nghj mth %isapny gy tpjkhd ftpijfs; fuf;fhz;l tspna tuf; fhj;jpuf;fkhk;. mth kidtpaplk; Ngha; jd; ftpijfis xt;thd;whfr; rh thh. rh yp tpl;l kidtpapd; rh itia gw;w xu Kbr;R NghLthH. mlj;j ftpijia rh yptpl;l mlj;j Kbr;R.,g;gb gy ftpijfisr; rh yp tpl;l J}q;fg; Ngha;tpLthH. mlj;j ehs; fhiy xt;thu Kbr;rhf mtpo;j;j ftpijfis kwgbak; rh thh. kidtp Fwpj;J itj;jf; fhs;thuhk;. cq;fs;,yf;fpa MHtj;ij mg;gh vg;gb tshj;jhh? vdf;f E} epiyaj;jf;f Ngha;g; Df;F gupa cl thf. mg;ghnth rpwpa cutk;. mth voe;j epd;w mz;zupd; eq;ir tpuyh js;spr; rhd;dhh mts; rhjid ra;ag; gpwe;jts;. cd; fhupaj;ij epwj;j> m yj tspna Ngh. vdf;fhf mz; ziug; gifj;jf;fhz;l mtuila Mokhd md;ig vd;dh kwf;fkb ahj. fk;guhkhazj;jp cq;fsf;f vg;gb,j;jid <LghL te;jj? ehd; NguhrpupaH. vd; khztpfsf;f,yf;fpak; fw;wf; fhlf;f vdf;f,yf;fpak; jupa Ntz;Lk yth? fk; gh 10>000 ghl fs; ghbapuf;fpwhh. jhlu;jy; 104k; gf;fk;

- 104 - jha;tpl brk;gu; December 2018 el;rj;jpuq;fspd;... 103k; gf;fj; jhlhr;rp... ehd; 700 ghl fis ghlkhf;fpapuf; fpnwd;. cz;ikap fk;gupd; mj;jid ghl fisak; kdg;ghlk; ra;a vdf;f Mirjhd;.

,ij tpl vd;id gpukpg;gf;fs;shf;fk; tprak;,j;jid ghl fsk; vg;gbnah Mapuk; tu lq;fs; fle;j,d;w vk;ik te;j mile;jpuf;fpd;wd. mj ehq;fs; ra;j ghf;fpak;. jhlif tjj;jp xu ghl.

106 jha;tpl brk;gu; December 2018 el;rj;jpuq;fspd; k; gf;fj; jhlhr;rp... ehd; 700 ghl fis ghlkhf;fpapuf; fpnwd;. cz;ikap fk;gupd; mj;jid ghl fisak; kdg;ghlk; ra;a vdf;f Mirjhd;. mit xt;thd;wk; xt; thu Kj;J. gj;jhapuk; ghl fsp xd;wpuz;l juk; Fiwe;J,Uf;fyhk; vd Nahrpf;f,lKz;L. mg;gbap iy. xu kdpjuh vg;gb,j rhj;jpakhdj. gpukpg;gj;jhd;.,ij tpl vd;id gpukpg;gf;fs;shf;fk; tprak;,j;jid ghl fsk; vg;gbnah Mapuk; tu lq;fs; fle;j,d;w vk;ik te;j mile;jpuf;fpd;wd. mj ehq;fs; ra;j ghf;fpak;. jhlif tjj;jp xu ghl. mij vd; Ngr;rp ehd; mbf;fb rh t Jz;L. ctik rpwg;gf;fhz;l rpw ghl jhd;. fk;gh xutuh jhd; mg;g br; ra;akbak;. ghus; vspjhdj. uhkdpd; mk;g,us;nghd;w jhlif apd; eq;irj; Jisj;J Ntfkhfr; rd;wj. gf;fkk; Ml;btpl;L mjpug;jpald; jpuk;gpdhd;.,];yhk; kjj;jp Nehd;G Kf;fpakh dj m yth? wj. milahsj;jf;fhf jd; rug;gf; fhiy itj;j> kw;wf; fz;izak; mfo;e;jlj;j uj;jf; fz;nk,lfpwhd;. mg;ghoj %d;whtj Kiwah fr; re;jpf;fpnwd;.,ij tpl gf;jpapd; rpwg;ig vg;gbf; fhl;l KbAk;? gbg; gwptp yhj fz;zg;gh fiy kype;j rph ek;gp fz;zg;gh vd;w Gfog;gL fpwhh. Kfk;kJ,we;Jtpl;lhH. m yh xutnu tzf;fj;jf;fupath. mtiu tzq;fq;fs;. cq;fs; mg;gh,we;jnghj epq;fs; gf;fj;jp,ue;jphfsh? mg;gh vg;ghojnk kfpo;r;rpahf,uf;f tpuk;gthh. ftpijfs; juk; jhshj rh xf;fk; fba Ntfr; RLruk; fupa rk;k m xf;fk; epwj;jpdhs; Nk tpljyk; tapuf; Fd;wf; f xf;fk; eq;rp jq;fhj mg;gwk; fod;w f yhg; G yhf;f e NyhH rhd;d ghus; vd Nghapw;W md;nw. xu ghlyp,uz;l mw;gjkhd ct ikfs;. uhkd; va;j mk;g rh xf; Fk; Ntfj;jp rd;wjhk;. mjhtj xypapd; Ntfj;jp fle;j jhlifapd; eq;irj; Jisj;Jg; NghdJ. vg;gb? %ldf;f e yth ra;ak; cgnjrk; mtd; fhjp jq;fhj vg;gb fle;j NghFNkh mg;gbg; NghdJ. xu rhjh uz rk;gtj;ij fk;gh ctik mofh kfj;jhd ftpij Mf;fptpLfpwhH. ehq;fs; re;jpj;jj XH cztfj;jp. A+d; 2018 vd;gjh mj uk;ohd; Nehd;G rkak;. fdlh Nghd;w ehl;b A+d; khjj;jp R+upad;,uT vl;l kzpf;f gpd;dhjhd; kiwak;. mjw;fg; gpwf jhd; Nehd;ig Kbf;fyhk;. murp> Nehd;gp,Ue;jhH. Rw;wptu Ml;fs; Muthukpl;lgb kfpo;tld; cz;l fhz;bue;jhhfs;. cztpd; thrid vq;fisr; R+o;e;jJ. murpap xu khw;wkk; fpilahj. cq;fsf;f epz;l Neu Nehd;G gof;fkh?,q;nfapue;j NgRtJ mrsfupakhf, iyah? vd;w Nfl;Nld;. mth rhd;dhh,j xutpj gapw;rpjhd;. clyf;fk; kdjf; Fkhd gapw;rp. kdjf;f jpl;lkhfr; rh yptplntz;lk;.,ut xd;gj kzpf;fj;jhd; Nehd;G KbTf;F tuk; vd;w. mj jahuhfptplk;. clyf;fk; grpf;fhj. v yhk; xutpj gof;fk; jhd;. guprhufd; kwgbak; Kd;Nd te;j RL tjw;f Maj;jk; ra;tjnghy xu fz;izr; RUf;fp epd;whd;. Gd;dif Ald; xd;wk; Ntz;lhk; vd;nwd;. mtd; Gd;diff;ftp iy. jiyia,uz;l,];yhk; kjk; vd;wtld; kf;fs; vd; dplk; Nfl;Fk; Kj Nfs;tp cq;fs; kjj;jp ehd;f kidtpah,uf;fyhk; m yth vd;gjjhd;. egpfs; ehafk; kidtpfis ruprkkhf elj;jtj gw;wp gy,lq;fsp rh ypapuf;fp whh. mth rh ypa fij xd;w cz;l. xu kdpjdf;f,u fdpfs; fpilj;jd. mtdf;f,uz;l kid tpah. xu kidtpf;f xu goj;ijak; kw;w kidtpf;f,d;dhu goj;ijak; mtd; fhlj;jhd;. ruprkkhff; fhlj;j tpl;ljhf mtd; epidj;jhd;. egpfs; rhd;dhh goj;ij ghjpahf tl;b mjp xu ghjpia xu kidtpf;fk; kwghjpia kw;w kidtpf;fk; fhlf;f Ntz;Lk;. mnj khjpup mlj;j goj; ijak; ghjp ghjpahfg; gfpuntz;lk;. mg;ghojjhd; mst rup rkkhf,ug;gjnghy UrpAk; rkkhf,uf; Fk;. xu gok;,dpg;ghftk; xu gok; Gspg;ghfTk;,Uf;fyhk; m yth? gf;jp gw;wp vd;d epdf;fpwphfs;? gf;jp vd;wjk; epidtf;f tutj fz;zg;ghjhd;. ehd; %d;w,lj;jp mth gf;jpia re;jpf;fpnwd;. Ntl;il ahba gd;wp,iwr;rpia rg;gp Ritj;J rptypq;fj;jf;f gilf;fpwhd;. Urpj;j gpd; tpoq;fhk,ug;gj fbdk;.,e;j,lj;jp vd; Kj re;jpg;g epfo;fpwj. rptypq;fj;jpd; tyj fz;zp FUjp tbfpwj. gjwpg;ngha; gr;rpiy itj; jpak; ghhf;fpwhd;. gyd; juhjjh jd; fz;iz mk;gpdh Fj;jp vlj;j itf;f uj;jk; epw;fpwj. kfpo;r;rpap eldk; MLfpwhd;.,J,uz;lhtJ,lk;.,lJ fz;zpyk; uj;jk; gha;fp,iwtdplk; vd;d ahrpg;gj vd;gjp VjhtJ tuaiw cz;lh? Re;ju%Hj;jp ehadhh,iwtdplk;,g;gbf; Nfl;fp whh. vd;dplk; fhq;rk; e cs; sj.,ij vd; kidtpaplk; mdg;gntz; Lk;.,ijf; fhz;lngha;f; fhlg;g jw;f XH Ms; Njit. e Rkg;gjw;F XH Ms; Ntz;Lkd,iwtdplk; Nfl;fyhkh? eps epide;jbnad; cid epj;jyq; ifjhontd; thsd fz;klthsts; thb tue;jhnk Nfhspyp vk;gukhd; Fz;il A+Hr;rpy e Yg; gw;nwd; Mspiy vk;gukhd; mit ml;bj; jug;gzpna Vd; $lhj?,iwtdplk; vd;dtk; Nfl;fyhk;. mtuplk; ahrpf;fhk NtW ahuplk; ahrpg;gj? cd;dila rug;g thh mwe;jh $l ep m yhtplk; Kiwg;ghL ra;ayhk;. xu jg;gk;, iy. m yh xutnu tzf;fj;jf; FupatH. tofkhfg; gupath xuth,we;j Nghdh mtiu tzf;fj;jf;fupatuhf khw;wp tpltnj kdpj,a G. egpfs; ehafk;,we;jnghj mtuila euq; fpa Njhouhd mg+ gf;fh kuz mwp tpg;g ra;jhh. mtiu mth ja;t khf;ftp iy. cyfpnyna kpfr; RUf; fkhd kuz mwptpg;g,jjhd;. %d;nw %d;w tupfs;. gutrj;ij fhy Neuk; ghhf;fhk jdf;fs; mdgtpj;jgbna,ug;ghh. ve;j czht mth tho;tp fle;j NghfpwNjh me;j czhnthl ftpij gilg;ghh. kuzk; euq;fpa rkaj;jp mg;gh vd;dplk;,uz;l cujf; ftp ijfs; rhd;dhh. mth,wf;fg; Nghfp whh vd;gj vdf;fj; jupahj. mtu ila filrpf;ftpijfs; mit. mt uj Md;khtpd; J}a;ikia czu itf;ff;$bait.,g;gb mtw;iw khopgahf;fyhk; vd epidf;fpnwd;. fhyj;ij t y KbahJ epfo;tfs; gorhfk;nghj rkhjhdk; ra;jfhs;. fhyj;jplk; gak; fhs; mj fhyj;jpd;,a G vg;nghj Ntz;LkhdhYk; khwyhk;. fhynk,ut. fhynk gf. Nehd;ig Kbf;Fk; Neuk; euq;fp te;jj. murpapd; Kfj;jp grpf;fisg;ng fpilahj. gf;fj;j Nkirfsp cz tue;jnthh Fu cahe;j xypj;jj. ad;d topahf,ut k y k y,wq;ftij ghhf;f Kbe;jJ. Nkff; $l;lj;jp el;rj;jpuq;fs; jaf;fj;jld; tspna te;jd. ghtpd; R jhdh Gwg;gl;lhH. el;rj;jpuq;fspd; murp. muththuligam.a@thaiveedu.com

107 jha;tpl brk;gu; December 2018 etk;gh 27 - fdbaj; jkpoh epidtor;rp mftk; elj;jpa khtpuh ehs;

108 jha;tpl brk;gu; December 2018

109 jha;tpl brk;gu; December NrhoHfhy,yf;fpak;: fypq;fj;jg;guzp Nrh ohfhyj;jpd; NghHgh Lk; tifap cuthd Kf;fpa,yf;;fp akhd fypq;fj;jg;guzpapd; mikg;g gw;wpa ghhitapny Nfhap ghbaj vd;w jiyg;gpyhd gfjpapd; tuzidak;rq;fs; Ke;ija fl;liuap Nehf;fg;gl;ld mjidalj;j mike;j gfjpfs; gw;wpa ghhitfsld;,f; fl;liu jhlhfpwj. Nfhap ghbaj gfjpia mlj;j> mf;nfhtpyp voe;juspas;s fhspnjtp gw;wpa tuzidfs; Njtpiag;ghb aj vd;w gfjpap,lk;gw;ws;sd. mf;fhspapdila gupthuq;fshd Nga; fs; gw;wpa tuzidahf miktnj Nga;fisg; ghbaj vd;w jiyg;gpyhd gfjpahfk;. Nga;fspd; tiffs;> mtw; wpd; F&ukhd Njhw;wq;fs; kw;wk; mit grpah tue;jpepw;fk; epiyfs; Mfpad gw;wpa tuzpg;ghf,j mike;jsj. rpy rhd;wfs;: gu elk;grpg; ga;fyk; Mtd gpw;iwehs; Kid ehspd; kyptd fuelk; gdq; fhl KOikAk; ifaq;fhyk; cilad Ngh td.,yf;fpaj; jpwdha;tpaypd;,aq;fepiy: 59 ml;lkpl;l elq;fio fhzp vd; md;id md;id vd;w MYk; Fotpa Xl;l xl;lfk; fhzp vd; gps;isia xf;fk; xf;fk; vd;w xf;fiy - fhs;td. fypq;fj;jg; guzp: 136>143 (ml;lkpl;l elq;fio- %q;fp GjH> MYk;-$r;rypl;lOk;> xf;fiy-,lg;g) Nkw;Rl;ba ghl fsh mg;nga;fspd; grpj;jepiy kw;wk;,aq;fpa Kiwik vd;gd tuzpf;fg;gl;ls;sd.,t;th whd mtw;wpd; grpj;j epiyna,g;gu zpf; fijak;rj;ij top elj;jk; Kf; fpa mk;rkhfk;. Nga;fisg; ghbaj vd;w cl;gpupit mlj;j mike;jjhd,e;jpurhyk; vd;w VohtJ cl;gpuptpny,kakiyapypue;j mq;f Gjpjhf te;j KJNga; xd;w epfo;j;jk; kha tpj;ijfs; tptupf;fg;glfpd;wd.,e;j tpj;ijapny mk;kjnga; NghHf; fskhd;iwf; fhl;rpg;glj;jfpwj. mjpny ahid> Fjpiu KjypadTk; NghHtPuHfSk; tl;lz;l,uj;j Mw; wpny gpzq;fshf kpjg;gj Nghd;w khaf;fhl;rpfs; ghhitf;f tufpd;wd. mtw;iw cz;ik epfo;tfs; vd ek; gpa mq;fpue;j grpfhz;l Nga;fs; mtw;iw cz;ztpioe;j Kz;ba bj;j tpoe;j Vkhw;wKk; kaf;fkk; milfpd;wd. mjdh mt;tpj;ij,ilepwj;jg;gl;lj. Nga;fspd; grpj;j epiy ia mjhtj gupa Nghuhd; Wf;fhf mit fhj;jpuf;fk; epiyia czhj;jk; Nehf;fp,lk;gw;w fij ak;rk;>,j vd Cfpf;fKbfpwJ. mt;tpj;ij,ilepwj;jg;gl;lgpd; mk; KJNga; jhd;,kakiyap,ue;j fhyj;jp mwpe;jjhd ra;jpahd;iw mq;f fhspapd; Kd; vlj;jiuf;f Kw; glfpwj.,e;jr;ra;jpna,uhr ghuk; gupak; vd;w jiyg;gpyike;jjhd vl; lhtj gpuptpd; cs;slf;f mk;rkhfk;.,g;gpuptld; fypq;fj;jg; guzpf; fijf; fl;likg;gpd; %d;whtj gfjp jhlq; FfpwJ.,g; gfjpahdj FNyhj;Jq;f Nrhodpd; MSikj; jpwd;fs; kw;wk; mtd; fypq;fj;jpd; kpj NghHjhLf;f Kw;gl;l #o Mfpad gw;wpa vlj; Jiug;ghf miktjhfk;.,uhr ghuk; gupak;> Nga;Kiwg;ghL> mtjhuk;> fhspf;ff; $sp $wpaj Mfpa ehd;f jiyg;gfspyhd cl;gpuptfsld; mike;j gfjp>,j.,uhr ghuk;gupak; vd;w jiyg;gpyhd cl;gpupthdj Nrho mur guk;giu gw;wpa tptupg;ghfk;. Kjw; FNyhj;Jq; fd; tiuahd xu epz;l Nrhokd;dH tupir ia,j Fwpg;gpLfpwJ. Kj yp #upafyk; rhhe;jthfshf Rl;lg; glk; gz;ila Nrho kd;dhfs; gy iug;gw;wpa GuhzkuGrhH ra;jpfs; mjp,lk;gw;ws;sd. mlj;j> rq;f fhyj;jpd; Gfo;G+j;j Nrhokd;dHfshf mwpag;glk; J}q;fap vwpe;njhd;> fps;sptstd;> Nfhr;rq; fz;zhd;> fupfh tstd; MfpNahiuAk; gpw;fh yr; NrhoHfshd Kjyhk; guhe;jfd;> Kjyhk;,uh[uh[d;> Kjyhk;,uh N[e;jpud;> Kjyhk;,uh[hjpuh[d;>,uz;lhk;,uhN[e;jpud; kw;wk;,uh[ knfe;jpud; MfpatHfisAk; mthf sj rhjidfs; Clhf,g;gFjp tup irg;glj;jfpwj. mt;tupirapd; <w; wp,g;guzpapd; ghl;lilj; jiytdhd Kjyhk; FNyhj;Jq;fd; Nrho ehl;bd; Ml;rpf;Fte;J e yhl;rp Gup fpwhd; vd;w ra;jpald; Nrho murk ug gw;wpa,t;tlj;jiug;g epiwt ilfpwj.,t;thwhd kd;dh tupir gw;wpa ra; jpfs; Kjyhk; fupfhyd; vd;w rq;f fhy kd;ddf;f ehujh vd;w Guhz Kdptuh $wg;gl;litahfnt raq; fhz;lhuh vlj;jiuf;fg;gl;ls;sd. KJNgahd;W fhspnjtpapd; Kd;G jhd;,ikakiyap,ue;j fhyj; jp mwpe;jjhd xu ra;jp ahfnt,jid vlj;jiuj;js;sj vd;gj,q;f fijj; jhlhgnehf;fp Gupe;J fhs;sntz;ba tplakhfk;. fupfhyd;,kakiyapny Gypf;fhbia ehl;ba fhyfl;lj;jpny,g;guhz KdptH mtd; Kd; Njhd;wp vlj;j iuj;j tuyhw;w tupirahfnt,j,q;f gjptgw;wsj. mk;kdpth fup fhyid Nehf;fp> kd;dnd! Nrhoku gpd; Gfo;kpF tuyhwhdj kfh ghujk; Nghy GfOk; gadk; kpf;fjhfk;. mt; tuyhw;iw ehd;vlj; Jiuf;fpNwd;. ep mjid,kaj;jp voj vdg; gzpf; fpwhh. mg;gzpg;gpd;gb mtd; mjid,kakiyapny vojp Kbj;jhd;. fypq; fj;jg; guzpapd; 180Kj 210 tiu ahd ghl fs; juk; jft fs;,it. Nkw;gb fupfhyd; rq;ffhyr; Nrho kd;dhfss; Gfo;kpf;f xutdhf mwp ag;glgtd;. mtd;,kak;tiu gil alj;jr; rd;w tw;wpgw;wtd; vd; gjhd kugrhh ra;jpapd; mbg;gil ap mike;j Guhzepiyg;gl;l fij ak;rkhfnt,j fhs;sj;jf;fj. ehujh $wpajhf mike;j Nkw;gb vlj;jiug;gpny mth Kjyhk; FNyhj; Jq;fidj; jpukhypd; mtjhukhfnt fhl;lfpwhh vd;gj,q;f Fwpg;gplg; glntz;ba Kf;fpa ra;jpahfk;. Nrho murkugpd; guik NgRj vd;gjhd vlj;jiug;igr; muritg; Gytdhfpa jdj $w;whfnth m yj KJNga; vd;w xu rhjhuz ghj;jpuf; $w;w vd;w kl;bnyh mikj;jh mj guikf;fupajhf,uf;fhj vdr; raq;fhz;lhu fujpapug;ghh. vdnt mg;gfo;tuyhw;iw Guhz kugp gukjpg;gf;fupa xutuhff;; fzpf;fg;glk; ehujhkdpth $WtjhfTk; mjidg; gz;ila Nrhoup Gfo; gw;w xutdhd fupfhyd;,kakiyap vojtjhftk; mth fw;gid ra;js;shh.,f;fw;gid %yk; NrhokuGf;F mth cahgfo; NrHf;f tpioe;js;shh vd;gj tspg;gil. (ghl :185). mtjhuk; vd;w tlrh fpopwq;fp tuj vd;w ghus; ju tj.,iwtd; cyfpdhf;f mus;guptjw;fhf jdj guk;ghus; epiyap ypue;j fpopwq;fp tugtd; vd;gj,e;jkjj;jpd; xu guk; gpupthfpa itztj;jpd; Kf;fpa ek;gpf;iffspyhd;whfk;. mj;jld;> kd;dhfisj; ja;tq;f NshL xg;gitj;j kjpg;gspj;j - Fwpg;ghff; fhj;jw; fltshd jpukh yhfnt juprpj;j - vd;wtifap mf; fhyj;jp epytpa GuhzkuGrhH rpe;j idg; gpd;gykk;,q;f ekj ft dj;jf;fupajhfk;. fypq;fj;jg; guzp Mrpupauhd raq;; fhz;lhh Nkw;gb ek;gpf;ifj; jsk; kw;wk; rpe;jidr; #o Mfpad rhhe;jepd;nw jdj ghl;lilj;jiytid> mtjhugu\ dhff;fw;gid ra;js;shh vd;gnj Nkw;gb ehujh $w;wpd; %yk; ehk; Gupe;Jfhs;sNtz;ba ra;jpahfk;. gpd;dh fhspnjtpapd; $w;whf mike; Js;s mtjhuk; vd;wgfjpapyk; mk; kd;dd; jpukhypd; mtjhukhfnt Rl; lg;glfpwhd;.(ghl fs;;: ) Nkw;Fwpj;jthW ehujh $wpa,uhr ghuk;gupar; ra;jpfis KJNga; $wp Kbj;jJk; mj Nfl;Lf; fhsp kpf kfpo;e; jhs;. Fwpg;ghf> mk;kjnga; Fwpg;gpl;l FNyhj;Jq;fd; gw;wpa Fwpg;Gfs; mj; Njtpia kpfe;j kfpo;r;rpf; Fs;shf; fpd. mk;kd;dd;,g;g+kp KOtijAk; fhg;ghd; vdf; fhsp Gfo;fpwhs; vd;w Fwpg;Gld;,uhrghuk;gupag; gfjpapd; fijak;rkhdj epiwtilfpwj. mlj;j mike;jjhd Nga;Kiwg;ghL vd;w gfjpahdj fhspiar; #o;e;j - eh. Rg;gpukzpad; - epd;w Nga;fs; jq;fsj grpj;jd;gj;ij Kd;itj;Jf; fhspaplk; KiwapLj kw;wk; fhsp mthfsf;f MWjyspf; Fk; tifap FNyhj;Jq;fdJ gil alg;gpd}lhf cq;fsj grpiaj; jphf; ff;$ba tifapyhd guk; Nguhd;W epfok; vdf; $Wj Mfpa fijak; rq;fisf; fhz;ljhfk;.,t;thw Nga;fSf;F MWj $wpa fhspnjtpahdts; mtw;wf;f NkYk; ek;gpf;ifnaw;glj;jk; tifap Kj yhk; FNyhj;Jq;fdpd; MSikak;rq; fis vlj;jiuf;f Kw;gLfpwhs;.,JNt mtjhuk; vd;w jiyg;gpyhd cl;gpupthf mike;jjhfk;. Fwpg;ghf mk;kd;ddila gpwg;g> mtd; mur gjtpia mile;jik kw;wk; jdj gupthuk; #of; fhq;rpkhefh tiuak; te;jik cl;gl;l mtdj Gfo;rhH epfo;tfs; mj;njtpah,jpny tpupj; Jiuf;fg;gLfpd;wd. Vw;fdNt,uhr ghuk;gupag; gfjpap,ujhopirfsp ( ) ehujh $w;whf vlj;j iuf;fg;gl;l mk;kd;dd; gw;wpa ra; jpfs;,q;nf fhsp$w;whf 69 jhopir fsp ( ) tpupthf vlj;jiuf;fg; gl;ls;sd.,t;thw fhspnjtp vlj;jiuj;jf; fhz;buf;fk; NghNj fypq;fg;nghh epfoj; jhlq;fptpl;l ra;jpia xu Nga; Xbte;J kfpo;r;rpald; juptpf;fp wj. mj Nfl;l fhsp mg;nghhgw;wpa tpguj;ij tpupthf vlj;jiuf;fkhw mg;ngaplk; gzpf;fpwhs;. mg;gzpg;g iuf;f,zq;f mg; Ngapd; tha;kh opahf vlj;jiuf;fg;gl;l ra;jpfns mlj;jtuk; fhspf;ff; $sp $wpaj vd;w cl;gpuptpd; cs;slf;f mk;rq;f shfk;. fhq;rpkhefup tpw;wpue;j FNyhj;Jq; fd; mq;fpue;j tlfypq;fj;jpd; kpj NghHjhLf;f Kw;gl;lhd; vd;gjk; mg;nghuf;fhd gilaor;rpf;f mk; kd;ddpd; jiyik mikr;rdk; gilj; jiytdkhd fuzhfuj; jhz;il khd; jiyikjhq;fpr; rd;whd; vd;g Jk; mg;nghiu tlfypq;fkd;dd; vjph fhz;l Nghupl Kw;gl;lhd; vd;gjnk,g;gfjpapd; fijak;rq;fshfk;. FNyhj; Jq;fd; gilalj;jjw;fhd fhuz khf,q;f Rl;lg;gLtJ tlfypq;f kd;dd;,ukiw jpiw ryj;j tp iy vd;gnjahfk;. mt;tifap,g;gil alg;ghdj Mjpf;fg; glhr;rp Nehf; fpyike;jjhfk;. fypq;fj;jg; guzpf; fijf; fl;likg; gpd; ehd;fhtjhd,wjpg; gfjpahdj NghHf;fs epfo;tfs; gw;wpajhfk;. NghHghbaJ> fsk;ghbaj kw;wk; $o;mlj Mfpa %d;w jiyg;gf sp,g;gfjpf; fijak;rk; tpupfpwj.,tw;wp KjypU gfjpfs; NghHepfo; Tfs; jhlhghd tptuzq;fshfk;. Nghupd; NguopTfs; kw;wk; Nrhog;g ilfs; gutw;wp va;jpaik vd;gd,tw;wp tpupthf vlj;jiuf;fg;gl;ls; sd.,g;gfjpap raq;fhz;lhh ftpj; Jtk; tspg;glk; epiyahdj rhw; fsp vlj;jiuj;j tplf;$bajd;w. tha;tpl;l thrpj;nj megtpf;fg;gl Ntz;bajhd;whFk;. rhd;wfshf,ujhopirfis kl;lk; Nehf;FNthk;. ghugyp GypahL rpiyj;jngh ghu gluhl glh rpiyf;fnt mupapdhl mupapdk; mlhg;gngh muruk; muruk; mlhf;fnt. jhlu;jy; 109k; gf;fk;

110 jha;tpl brk;gu; December 2018 NrhoHfhy,yf; k; gf;fj; jhlhr;rp... ghu jlf;if thsq;nf - kzpkhh gq;nf? 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FNyhj; Jq;fdpd; fypq;f tw;wpiag; ghlt jhd,e;j,yf;fpa Mf;fj;jpd; Clhf mk;kd;dd; Nrhoehl;L Ml;rpf;F cupik G+z;ltNd vd;gijak; moj; jpg;ngr raq;fhz;lhh tpioe;js;shh vd;gnj,t;tifap ehk;q;f Gupe;J fhs;sntz;ba ra;jpahfpwj. vt;thwhapdk;,t;thf;fk; NrhoHfh yj;jpd; kd;dh Gfo;ghLk; Mf;fq;f sp jdpj;jd;ik tha;e;jjhftk; mt; tifap ftpj;jtr; rpwg;gilajhftk; jpfo;fpwj vd;gij kwg;gjw;fp iy. NrhoHfhyj;jpNy GutyH Gfo; ghlk; tifap voe;j,yf;fpaq;fspd; tup irap GjpajhU,yf;fpatifahf cuthdj guzp vd;gijak; mt;t ifik rhhe;jjhf ekf;ff; fpilj; Js;s KjyhtJ Mf;fNk fypq;fj;jg; guzp vd;gijak; Kd;dNu Nehf;fpap Ue;Njhk;.,t;thwhd Gjpa,yf;fpa tifapd; cuthf;fg; gpd;gyk; jhlh ghf mz;ikf;fhyk;tiu jkpo; Ma; Tr;#oyp cupa ftdk; ryj;jg;gl tp iy. Ma;thsH gyuk; mjd ila gauikjp Fwpj;Nj fuj;jj; juptpj;j te;js;sdh. mt;tpyf;fpa tifapd; Kf;fpa ghj;jpukhf mik Ak; fhsp vd;w ja;tj;jpd; el;rj;jpuk; guzp vd;gjhd NrhjplrhHghd rpe;j idrhhe;j mg;gah mt;tpyf;fpa tifikf;f mike;jpuf;fyhk; vd; gjhd ghjepiy Cfkhd;iwNa mthfs; gyuk; Kd;itj;Jte;Js;s dh.,t;thwhd #oypny rpy Mz;Lfspd; Kd;dH,t;tpyf;fpa tifapd; cs;s lf;f mk;rq;fsf;f %ykhfj; jpfo;e; jpuf;ff; $ba xu ehl;lhupa kug gw;wpa jftiy jpu [ankhfd; mth fs; jkj,izajsj;jp (Jeyamoha.i- Dec ) gjptra;js;shh. (Ma;thsH g.rutzd; mthfs; gjpg; gp re;jpah gjpg;gfj;jh tspaplg; gl;ljhd fypq;fj;jg;guzp E}yhf;fj; Jf;F [ankhfd; vojpa Kd;Diu ap,lk;gw;ws;s Ma;Tf; Fwpg;G>,J. jpu.g.rutzd; gjpg;ghd mt;thf; fk;,d;dk; vdj ghhitf;ff; fpilf; ftp iy.) Nfusehl;bd; jd;gfjpap guzpg;gh l > G+ug;ghl;L> gilazpg;ghl Mfpa gahfsp tof;fpypue;jtuk; xu ehl;lhh fiytbtnk mjhtj NghH ehlfk; vd;wtifapyhd Ml tb tnk guzp vd;w,yf;fpa tiff;f Kd;Ndhbahf ehl;lhupa %ykhfj; jpfo;e;jpuf;fntz;lk; vd;gnj jpu. [ankhfd; mthfs; juk; jftyh Fk;. fhw;wit topghl;lld; jhlh Gilajhd me;ehl;lhhfiy tbtkh dj MAjNke;jp Ntlkpl;Lg; ghba gbte;j fhw;witia topgl > mj; ja;tj;jf;f caphg;gyp fhlj;j kw;wk; gilalg;g Kjypa epfo;t fis cs;slf;fpajhfk;.,e;ehl;lhh fiy kugfrhhe;j jkpop cuthd xu rt;tpa tbt khfnt guzp vd;w,yf;fpatif jpfo;fpwj vd; gnj jpu. [ankhfd; mthfs; Nkw; gb gjptpny Kd;itj;j Kf;fpa ra; jpahfk;. subramaia.@thaiveedu.com

jha;tpl brk;gu; December 2018-109 - Nkhfdhq;fp - tuyhw fld; thq;fpa tuyhw;wg; GidT tplgl fsp,ue;j jtphf;f Kbahikf;F - III jq;fspd; vojg;gl;l tuyhw; Wj; jft fisak; E} f isak; Mjukhff; fhz;l tuyhw;w

111 jha;tpl brk;gu; December Nkhfdhq;fp - tuyhw fld; thq;fpa tuyhw;wg; GidT tplgl fsp,ue;j jtphf;f Kbahikf;F - III jq;fspd; vojg;gl;l tuyhw; Wj; jft fisak; E} f isak; Mjukhff; fhz;l tuyhw;w GidTfs; vojg; gltnj toik Mdh xu GidT tuyhw;wpayhshfsf;fk; tuyhw;w voj; Jf;fSf;Fk; %yjhukhf mikakhapd; mj mrhjhuzkhdjk; thrpg;g Ntl; ifiaj; J}z;Lk; Rthurpak; kpf;fjh ftk; mike;jpuf;fk;. 1895k; Mz;b tspte;j jkpopd; Kj tuyhw;w eht yhd Nkhfdhq;fp mt;thwhd xu Gj;jfk;.,jdhNy Ma;thsH Rfe;jp fpu];dkhr;rhup tuyhw fld; thq;fpa GidT vd Nkhfdhq;fp gw;wp vojpa fl;liuf;f jiyg;gpl;bug;ghh. Nkhfdhq;fp fij eilgwk; kjiu ehaf;f kd;dhd rhf;fehj ehaf;fh kw;wk; jq;ir tp[auhft ehaf;fhfspd; rkfhy kp\dupkhhfspd; Fwpg;Gfspyp Ue;J Nkhfdhq;fp ehtypd; ghj;jpuq; fsk; tuyhw;wf;fskk; rkfhy kp\ dupkhhfspd; Fwpg;GfSld; kpfj;j ypakhf xj;jg;nghtij Rl;bf;fhl;ba mth jp.j. rutzkj;jg;gps;isia J ypakhd tuyhw;w ehtyhrpupah vdg; ghuhl;lthh. rd;id fpioj;nja Rtbfs; epiy aj;jpd; E}yuhf flikahw;wpa jp tha;g;gpidg; gad;glj;jp mq;fpue;j ifaoj;jg;gpujpfisak; Vidatw; iwak; gbj;j flikahd NjliyAk; Muha;r;rpiaAk; Nkw;fhz;L,e;eh tiy vojpa jp.j.rutzkj;jg;gps;is,e;jg; GfOf;F Kw;wpYk; jfjpahd tnu. Vddp gpd;te;j rupj;jpu eht yhrpupahfsf;f JizapUe;j khjpup tuyhw;w E} fsk; vjtk; mth fhyj; jp mth NjHe;jLj;j tuyhw;w fhyj; ijf; Fwpj;J,Uf;ftp iy. mtnu jdj ehtyp mf;fhy tuyhw;iw kps vojpdhh.,jnt jkpopd; Vida tu yhw;w ehtyhrpupahfsf;f, yhj guikiaak; rpwg;igak; jp.j rut zkj;jg;gps;isak; mtuojpa Nkhf dhq;fp Ak; gwtjd; fhuzkhf mik fpwj. jl;\pz,e;jpa rupj;jpuk; vojpa gf lhy eurpk;ky ehal jq;ir ehaf; fh tuyhw vojk;nghj rutzkj;jg; gps;isapd; Nkhfdhq;fp ehtiyj; jkj tuyhw;wf;f Mjhukhf vlj; Jf; fhz;ls;sjhf KUNfR utpe;jpud; Rl;bf;fhl;bAs;shH.,e;jpa mstp Kj 30 rupj;jpu eht fsf;fs;sk; jd;dpe;jpa mstp Kj %d;w rupj;jpu eht fsf;fk; cs;slq;fk; Nkhfdhq;fp,d;W jkp opd; Kj tuyhw;w eht vd;w cw jpg;gl;ltpl;lj. MapDk; Nkhfdhq;fp jkpopd; Kj tuyhw;w eht vd;w,lj;ij mt;tst Rygkhf mila tp iy. jkpo;,yf;fpaj;jp etpd rpe; jidfspd; jhlf;fkhf mike;j jhlf;ffhy eht fs; gw;wp Muha;e; jthfsp guk;ghyhndhh Nkhfdhq;fp jhlhgp Kj tuyhw;w eht vd;w fujtp iy Nkhfdhq;fp gw;wpa jft fis rupahf Kjyp ftdg;glj;jpath rp iya+h r tuhrd;. jkpo; tuyhw;w eht cyfp Nkhfdhq;fp apd; Kf;fpaj;J tj;ij gupjk; typawj;jpajp rpl;b g.nfh. Re;juuh[Dk; Nrh. rptghj Re;juKk; NrHe;J vojpa jkpo; eht E}w;whz;L tshr;rp vd;w E} jtphf;f Kbahjgbf;F kpf kpf Kf;fpakhdJ. Vddp > jhlf;ffhy jkpo; eht fs; jhlhgp Muha;e;j jkpopd; kpf Kf; fpakhd eht tpkhrfhfsp xutuhf mwpag;glk; fehrtpd; jhlf;ffhyj; jkpo; eht fs; gl;bayp Nkhfdhq;fp,lk;gwNtap iy. fehrtpd; top jhlf;ffhy jkpo; eht fs; Fwpj;J Muha;e;j R. E.Asher cila The Tamil Reaissace Ad The Begiigs Of The Tamil Novel vd;w fl;liuap Nkhf dhq;fp gw;wpa Fwpg;Ng, iy. jdpr; rpwg;g kpf;f kpfr;rpwe;j jkpopa Ma; thshfsp xutuhd Kamil V. Zvelebil 1974 Ja GodaTld;,ize;J jhfj;j A History of Idia Literature, Volume X: Dravidia Literature, Fasc. 1: Tamil Literature E}yp eht fs; vd;w jiyg;gpd; fpo; Muha;e;j tuyhw;w eht fs; gf jpap Nkhfdhq;fp Fwpj;J vjtnk $w tp iy A Compariso Of Two Literary Reaissaces I Madras vd;w fl;liuia vojpa Richard Keedyk; tuyhw;w eht fs; gw;wp Fwpg;gpLk; NghJ Nkhfdhq;fp gw;wp vjtk; Fwpg; gpltp iy. tuyhw;w eht fspd; Njhw; wf;$wfis 1900w;F Kw;gl;ljhff; fhz;lr yf;$l, iy. jpuhtpltpayp rpupa gzpfis ra;j Nguh. r.nt. Rg;gpukzpad; 1984 vo jpa Novels i Dravidia Laguage (History & Treds) fl;liuap jkpo; tuyhw;w eht fs; gw;wp Fwpg;gpLk;NghJ Nkhf dhq;fp gw;wp vjtk; Fwpg;gpltp iy Nguh. r.nt. Rg;gpukzpadh vojg;gl;l cyfj; jkpohuha;r;rp epw tdj;jh tspaplg;gl;l jpuhtpl khop,yf;fpaq;fs; E}ypYk; jkpo; tuyhw;w eht fs; gw;wpf; Fwpg;gpLk;NghJ Nkhf dhq;fp gw;wp vjtk; Fwpg;gplhk Nkw; Fwpj;j Mq;fpyf; fl;liuap cs;s tplaq;fisna Fwpj;Js;shH. 2004,e;E} kwgjpg;gr; ra;ag;gl;l NghJk; khw;wk; vjtkp yhk mg;gbna cs; sj.,d;wtiuahd jkpopyf;fpa tu yhwfspys;s tplgl fs; Fwpj;j Rl;Lj epsk; vd;gjh mj,f;fl; Liuap jtphf;fg;glfpd;wj. jkpof jd;dpe;jpa epiyik,g;gb,uf;f <oj;jp,d;wtiu f.gh.j. 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Keedy.Richard, A Compariso Of Two Literary Reaissaces I Madras, Joural Of South Asia Literature, Vol. 25, No. 1, The City I South Ad southeast Asia Literature (Witer, Sprig) Kamil V. Zvelebil, Ja Goda (Ed), A History of Idia Literature, Volume X: Dravidia Literature, Fasc. 1: Tamil Literature, Otto Harrasowitz, Subramaia, S.V, Novels i Dravidia Laguage (History & Teds), jkpopa Joural of Tamil Studies - 26, Iteratioal Istitute of Tamil Studies, Tamiladu December Zvelebil,V Kamil, The First Six Novels i Tamil, jkpopa Joural of Tamil Studies - 30, Iteratioal Istitute of Tamil Studies, Tamilad, December Sugathy Krishamachari, Where History owes it to Fictio, Friday Review- The Hidu -, April 17, KUNfR utpe;jpud;> vk;kth vojpa Nkhfdhq;fp Kj eht - jkpop tuyhw;w eht fs; > jpdfud; - $uhajk;> JULY 18, 2010, /18/?f=k sathiyatheva.s@thaiveedu.com

jha;tpl brk;gu; December 2018 jha;tpl r%fj;js; jha;khopapd; rh tsj;ij typawj;jk; Nehf;Fld; Kd;itf;fg;gLk; jkpo;tiy ia Kw;wpYk; ruptu epug;gp mdg;gnthus; NjHe;jLf;fg;gLk; xutuf;f jkpo; E} fsk;

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113 jha;tpl brk;gu; December 2018 jha;tpl r%fj;js; jha;khopapd; rh tsj;ij typawj;jk; Nehf;Fld; Kd;itf;fg;gLk; jkpo;tiy ia Kw;wpYk; ruptu epug;gp mdg;gnthus; NjHe;jLf;fg;gLk; xutuf;f jkpo; E} fsk; rq;rpiffsk; guprhf toq;fg;glk;. gah: Kftup: jhiyngrp vz;: kpd;dq;r tup: ,lkpUe;J tyk; 1. xg;ge;jk; 4. ea;jw;ghwp 5. Mq;fpy tpsf;f jkpop,g;gbahdj 6. fws; 8. gid Xiyah ra;ag;gl;ljh,g;gah 8. jahh 10. tha;f;fh 11. R+o;r;rp 13. kfpo; 15. rpth[p 16. cwtpdh 17. Ngr;RthHj;ij ele;j efuk; 18. ghfghl 19. tpsf;fupa,jtk; Ntz;Lk; 20. Gjpdk; 21. Cjpak; 22. gz; NkypUe;J fpo; 1. Nkhl;lhH irf;fps; 3. rpdhtp cs;s kiyr;rpfuk;> rpyuf;ff; fij fz;l,lk; 4. kidtpia,oe;jtd; 7. fhyb 9. Nfhgk; 10. thior;nrid vd;wjk;,e;j 11. klk; Miy epidtf;f tuk; 12.,urhadk; 14. xu khjk; 18. tapw;nwhl;lk; 20. FbapUg;G jkpo;tiy-37 tpdh jkpo;tiy - 36f;fhd tpilfs; m ik jp fh f; F k; g il y z; f; up th u z k; f Q; r d; q; k; fh F b g; M m k; G yp R a < K up fh a k; rh j ik jh d k; tp Y k; gp t k; G jkpo;tiy-36 gwngwfs; Kd;dzpg; Nghl;bahsH jpu. V.v];. kfhypq;fk;> Nehj;NahHf;. jpu. Gz;zpa%Hj;jp ehfehjd;> ];fhhgnu. jpukjp. rurtjp fdf> kp];rprhfh. guprgwk; Nghl;bahsH jpu. eh. FkuFU> khhf;fk;. thamilvalai@thaiveedu.com jkpo;tiy Nghl;bf;fhd tpilia,k;khjk; 23-k; Njjpf;F Kd;du;; mq;ry; my;yj kpd;dq;ry; my;yj jhiyefy; thapyhf mdg;gpitf;ftk;. mjw;f jkpo;tiyiag; gpujpra;j my;yj glg;gpujpalj;j my;yj fjpu;g;gpujpalj;j gad;glj;jtk;. gwngwfs; eltu;fspd; KbGf;fika mlj;j khj jha;tpl;by; tsptuk;. tpilfis mdg;gntz;ba kpdd;dq;r Kftup thamilvalai@thaiveedu.com jhiyefy;: tpilfis mdg;gntz;ba mq;r Kftup Thaiveedu P.O.Box #63581 Woodside Square 1571 Sadhurst Cir. Toroto, ON. M1V 1V0

114 jha;tpl brk;gu; December 2018

115 jha;tpl brk;gu; December 2018 Qh apw;wf;fpoik vz;lh fhq;rk; mjpf Neuk; J}q;FwJjhd; fpughfud;iu toik. Mdh>,e;jf; fpoik mj ruptnu y. VNjh xu jkpow;iu tpisahl;l epfo;r; rpf;f jhz;luhfg; Nghf NtZk;> fhz;l Ngha; tplq;nfhtz;l fhyq; fhj;jhnyna kfs; vog;gpg; Nghl;lhs;. mtis tpl;bl;l jpuk;gp tu xd;uiu kzpj;jpahyj;jf;f Nky Nghl;LJ. te;j gpwf> tpl;l epj;jpiuag; gpbf;f yhkz;l Kaw;rpapy xu kzpj;jpah ykha; glf;ifap cuz;lfhz;b Ue;jhH. mj %z;l jl;l tpl.,th Nk jl; byjhd; glj;jpue;jhh. elj;jl;by VNjh mkspjksp. tof;fk; Nghy jd;u mk; khtf;fk; kdprpf;fk; thw rz;il jhd; vz;l epidr;rf; fhz;l> gp fah Gs; jd;u kdrf;fs;s cuj;j rj;jkha;f; fj;jpdhh. mit,uz;l NgUf;Fk; mtuhy rh y KbahJ vz;ljhy> jdf;f jhnd rhd;dhh. rj;jk; tha;f;fs;nsna rj;jg; Nghr;RJ. vg;gpbj; jg;gpr;rhyk; KbT fpughtpy jhd; te;j epf;fk;. ~,td; fpugh FLf; rh tj voj : 6 fz;lfhz;ljhj; jupna y.,tiuj; Juj;jpwjpyjhd; mf;fiwah,ue;jpr; rpdk;. fpughtf;f Vfg;gl;l re;njhrk;. mjtk; mz;ilf;f Qhapw;Wf;fpoik.,tw;iu re;njhrj;jf;ff; FWf;f Ntiy> kndr; rh vz;l MUk;, y. mtsf;f 15 tarhapl;lj. rhe;jf; fpughtpd;u kfspd;u rhkj;jpa tpl gw;wpf; fdf;ff; fdt fz;lfhz;b Ue;jt fpughtpd;u mk;khjhd;. ehs; gpe;jg; gpe;j mttpd;u fdtk; guprhg; Ngha;f;fhz;bUe;jJ. mts; vd;u xnuahu Ngug;gps;is> ehd; Nghwj;Jf;Fs;s mtspd;u fyp ahzj;ijg; ghg;gndh jupahj> Mdh ry;tk; mushde;jk; - fhf thow khjpupj;jhd; v yhk; elf; Fk;. rhe;jge;jq;fs; elj;jpw gy fhz; lhq;fsf;f fpugh FLk;gk; Ngha;tUk;. Nghdh fzprkh fhrgzk; Nghl;Ll;Lj; jhd; tuntzk;. Mdh> fpugh FLk;gk; fpw,lk; vz;l mk;kh Kbg;gh. ~,e;j kdprd; rupah,ue;jh,j yhk; Vd; elf;fg; NghFJ? vz;l kdprp Kbf;Fk;.,itapl;l jpl;l thq;fpwij xj;jpg; Nghl,g;g,Uf;fpw xu top..> Mo;e;j epj;jpiuapy,uf;fpw khjpup ebf;fpw Jjhd; vz;l Gj;jprhypj;jdkh epidr; rgb> fhij kl;lk; $uh itr;rf;fhz; lhh. k ypa Fwl;ilAk; tspay te;jj. jpbuz;l> Nla; fpugh fpo thlh vz;lh mk;kh. fhq;rkk;,ilt spap yhk> kdprpak;,q;irag;gh fpo fjpah thq;nfh vz;lh. fpughtf;f,j tof;fkhd Nkhj fspd;u tpist khjpupj; jupna y. mtrukhak; tpj; jpahrkhak;,ue;jj. ebg;ig Kwpr;Rf; fhz;l> v yhj; Jf;Fk; Maj;jkh J}f;ff; fyf;fj;njhl fpno,wq;fpdhh.,uz;l NgupiyAk; xu gjl;lk; jupq; RJ. Mdh tof;fkhd gjl;lkh, iy vz;lwj fpughtf;f tpsq;fpdjpy fhq;rk; re;njhrk;. mth fpopglfpwj; Jf;fhd tha;g;g,dpf; FiwT. mk;khtpd;u ifapy> kfspd;u clg;g. Nla; fjpah tspf;fpl;lg; Ngha; kfsf; $l;bf;fhz;l th vz;lh.,g;gj;jhd; Nghd; gz;zpdts;. jhd; Ntiy Kbr;Rj;jhd; tuthshk;. gpd; Neuk; mg;ghit mdg;gp tplq;nfh vz; lhs;. gjl;lkp yhkf; fijf;fpwhs;. Ngha; tha;ghj;jf; fhz;l ep yhk gps;isaf; $l;bf; fhz;l Neu tpl; Lf;F thq;nfh vz;lh kdprp. rlq;f tof;fkh fpugh upa+g; iyl; jhd; (,g;g LED iyl;lfs; te;jjhy,e;j cjh uzj;ij vj;jpid fhyj;jf;f ghtpf; NfYNkh jupna y) vz;lhyk; mit apd;u Kfj;jpy jupq;r xu gutrj;ij itr;r tpraj;ij tpsq;fp> mz;ilf; Fj; jd;idahu fl;bf;fhudh fhl; bf;fhz;lhh fpugh.,tw;iu fl;bf;fhuj;jdj;ij mit fhuh v yhk; rhkj;jpa tpl vd;d khjpup vz;l> %z;l turj;jf;f KjNy Nff;fj; jhlq;fpapue;jpr;rpdk;. fpugh tpd;u kdprpjhd; ghtk;. fdngiu rkh spf;f Ntz;bapUe;jJ. ehdk; gpe;jpj; jhd;. mg;gpbj;jhd; vd;u gps;isf;f kpuf;fk; vz;l rkhspr;rf; fhz;nl te;jh. rhkj;jpa rlq;f tpl guprha;r; ra;a NtZk; vz;l rh ypf; fhz;l> jdf;f thw fhrpy xu gfjpia rhkj; jpa tpl;lf;fz;nl Nrj;Jf;fhz;L thwh. fpughtf;f,ts;jhd; xnuahu gps;is. me;jf;flk;gj;jpy v yhuk; mtsf; gps;isapd;u gpwe;jehs; jtpu> Ntiw ve;jf; fhz;lhl;lkk; ra;jjp y.,jhy>,e;jr;rhkj;jpa tpl v yhuf; Fk; xu vjphghhg;ig cz;lhf;fk; vz;l fpugh epidr;rf;fhz;lhh. fpughl;ilak; xu me;juk;> gjl;lk;... jhlu;jy; 114k; gf;fk;

- 114 - jha;tpl brk;gu; December 2018 rlq;f... 113k; gf;fj; jhlhr;rp...,uf;fhjh gpd;d. fhiu tpl;bl;l kf sj; Njb ikjhdj;jf;fs;s mtrukh ele;jhh.

116 jha;tpl brk;gu; December 2018 rlq;f k; gf;fj; jhlhr;rp...,uf;fhjh gpd;d. fhiu tpl;bl;l kf sj; Njb ikjhdj;jf;fs;s mtrukh ele;jhh. fhiyapiy tl;l tspaha;,ue;j ikjhdk;,g;g jkpo; tspaha; epiwe; jpue;jj. ikjhdk; KOf;fr; rdk;.,jpy vq;if Ngha; mtsj; NjLwJ? RLjz;zp Fbr;r eha; khjpup Xbf; fhz;bue;j xu jhz;liu kwpr;r> gps;isapd;u Ngiur; rh ypf; Nff;f> Ngha;f; ghwg;ghsiuf; NfSq;Nfh vz;l Fiuj;J tpl;l jhlhe;j Xb dhh jhz;lhh. xutopah ghwg;ghsiuf; fz;lgpbr;r kfis tprhupf;f>,q;f fdngh epf;fp dk; vdf;fk; jupahj. rpyntis mq;f,ug;gpdk; vz;l xu fl;llj;ijf; fhl;bdhh. mq;f Ngha;f; Nfl;lh> mq;ifak; ghwg;ghd gjp tnu y. fhq;rk; NfhgKk; gakk; $l fpughtf;f te; jj. vg;gpbue;jhyk; kfis Ntfkhff; fz;lgpbr;rhf NtZk;. foj;jpy tprpyk; ifapy Ngg;gUkh epz;l xutupl;ilg; Ngha; tprhupf;f> epq;fs;,e;j ikjhdj;ij xz;l,uz;l jlit Rj;jp te;jpas; vz;lh vq;ifahtj xu,lj;jpy mts; epg; ghs;> fz;lgpbr;rplyhk; vz;l xu mwpqdf;fhd guiknahl rhd;dhh. MdhYk; mth rhd;dij tpl fpu ghtf;f Ntiw top, y. Rj;jj; jhlq;fpdhh. fpughtpd;u kfs; tarf;f kpq;rpd mwpt fhz;lts;. mtspd;u md;gs;sk; kpfg; gupr. Mdh jhia tpl gj;j klq;f gpbthjf;fhup.,e;j epiyapiy Ak; jhz;l Ntiyia tpl;bl;l jd; Ndhl thuthnsh vz;l gak; fpugh Tf;F,Ue;jJ. vd;d rh yp mtsf; $l;bf; fhz;l Nghfyhk; vz;l fpu ghtpd;u kdk; Nahrpf;fj; jhlq;fpl;lj. ikjhdj;ij xu jlit KOrhr; Rj;jp elj;j fisr;r gpwfjhd; kfspud;u ez;gp xuj;jp fz;zpy gl;lhs;. me;j Neuj;jpy tuk; jhw Njtij khjpup mts; jupq;rhs;. fpughitf; fz;ltld> jd;u Ntiyia tp;l;bl;l> xu fl;llj;jf;f mtiuf; $l;bf; fhz;l Nghdhs;. mq;f fpughtpd;u kfs;> jd;u ghl;by VNjh Ntiyar; ra;jfhz;bue;jhs;. ele;j rk;gtj;jpd;u ghjpg;gfs; vijak; mts; tspa fhl;nl y. fhl;lkhl;lhs; vz;lwj fpughtf;fj; jupq;rpue;jj. jfg;gidf; fz;ltld> Vd; mg;gh...,e;jkhjpup epfo;r;rpfsf;f yhk; tu khl;bas;?,z;ilf;f vd;d,e;jg; gf;fk;? vz;l rh ypr; rpupr;rhs;. mtu; te;j fhuzk; mtsf;fj; jupq;rpue; jj. ep,g;g tpl;il tuntzk; vz;l rh yp> rj;jk; Nghl;Lf;fhz;bUe;j mk;kk;kh kaq;fp tpoe;jpl;lh.,g;g fh];gpl;lypy tpl;buf;f. Kopr;rTld cd;idg; ghf;f NtZk; vz;l mlk; gpbr;rf; fhz;l epf;fpwh. mttf;f gag;gplwkhjpup xz;lk;, y. RfH gpur;rpidah,uf;fk;. ep tnu iy vz;lh kdprp fiur;r gz;zk;. fjpah th vz;lhh fpugh. mij ek;gpa kfs;> $l epz;litf;fr; rh ypg; Nghl;L> ftiynahl fhupy Vwpdh. ikjhdj;jf;fs;s Rj;jpdjpy Neuk; kj;jpahdj;jf;f Nky Nghl;LJ. fpugh fhnuhbf;fhz;buf;nff;f> Vdg;gh tpl;il Nghwpas;? fh];gpl;yf;fg; Nghq;Nfh. mg;gk;khita Ny ghf;f Ntz;Lk; vz;l kfs; rh y> mk;kh itak; Vj;jpf;fhz;L xz;lha;g; Nghtk; vz;l fpugh rhd;dhh. kfsk; ek; gpl;lhs;. tpl;lf;fg; Nghdh fhh tpl,lk;, y. fpugh jug;gpiy ehy fhh> mtw;iu kidtp jug;gpiy VOfhH epz;lj. tpl;lf;fs;s Nghdh> tpl epiwq;r Ngha;,Ue;jJ. kfsf;f v yhk; tpsq;fpl;lj. rpwpg; gha;q;r fhz;l gbahy ghq;nrwp miwapf;f Nghf tspf;fpl;lts Ngj; jpahh fl;baizf;fg; ghj;jh. js;spg; Nghl;L> mts; Xbl;lhs;. gpd;dhy $g;gpl;lgb> fpughtpd;u kdp rpak; mk;khtk; Ntiw rpy gz;lf Sk; Nghr;rpdk;.,dp mitapd;u gpur;rpid vz;ll;l> fpugh Ngha; jd;u rhe;jq;fnshl,ue;jhh. fpughtpd;u mf;fhjhd; jhlq;fpdh. ];fhhgnuh kz;lgq;fs; rupap iy. kp];rprhfhtpiy e y kz;lgk; xz;l,uf;f. xu MSf;F 75 lhyh jhd; tuk;. tbtha; ra;thq;fs;.,ijf; Nfl;Lf;fhz;bUe;j kdprpd;u jk;gpahh rpy fhuzq;fs Kd;itr;R mij kwj;jhh. vg;gbak; 500 NgUf;fhtJ rh ynt Zk;. epiwr; rhe;jj;fhuh khhf;fk;> ];fhhgnuhtpyjhd;,uf;fpdk;. fhz; lhl;lk; kp];rprhfhtpiy vz;lh rpy NgH tukh tplg; ghhg;ghq;fs;. vz; lhh. KbTfSf;F tuhk fijfs;,ogwp aha; epz;lj. fpughtpd;u kr;rhd; xuth> vd;u kf spd;u rlq;ff;f thliff;f vlj;j g yf;f rupahd ghuk;> MW NgH Nre;Jk; J}f;f KbNa y. NtW vq; ifaz;lhyk; ghuk; FiwQ;rjha; ghhf;fntzk; vz;lhh.,d;dkhuth>,tq;fspd;u ypnkhrd; fhh epsk; fhzhj. vdf;fj; jupq;r xu fhk;gdp> GJg;GJ fhhfs; itr; rpuf;fj. ehd; e y BYf;Ff; fijr;r tplwd; vz;lhh. fpugh xd;wk; giwahk Nahrpr;Rf; fhz;bue;jhh. vd;d fhr Nghfg;NghFJ vz;l ft iyg;glwpnuh> xj;ijg; gps;isa itr; Rf; fhz;l,jf;f yhk; Nahrpf; fg;glhj vg;g fhz;lhl;lk; ra;apwj vd;w,g;gnt KbT ra;aq;fs; vz; lhh js;spapue;j NtwhUtH. tpl KOf;f uhwd;nuh filfspy thq;fpd e yz;izg; Nghj;jYk; Kl;ilAk; muprp khtkha;,ue;jj.,j e y CH Kl;il> filapy ghj;j thq;fpddhd; vz;l MNuh fijr;rjk; fpughtpd;u fhjpy tpoe;jj. mf;fh> rhg;ghl;lf;f yhk; XlH gz; zpl;lh. rhg;ghl tu Kd;dk; rl;lg;gl; lz;l> rlq;ffsr; ra;j jz;zp thf;f NtZk;. ehdk; filapy ghjp Ntiya tpl;ll;l te;jdhd;> fjpg; gz;zpg; NghfNtZk;. gps;isa MAj; jg;glj;jq;nfh vz;lhh jha;khkd;.,jf;fpilapy>,q;nruq;nfh> xuf;fh Nky thq;nfh vz;l $g;gpl;lh fpu ghtpd;u kdprp. kfspd;u miwf;fs;s fpugh Nghf> jhak;,uz;l kr;rhs;khuk; kdprpak; kfisf; fq;rpf;fhz;l epz;br;rpdk;. fpughtpd;u jha; mohf;fiwah gps;isia kd;whbf;fhz;lk;. jha;fhwp gps;isia jhf;fpg;nghl;lhyk; vd;w gaj;jhyk;,ilap epd;w lhd;]; Mbf; fhz;l epd;wh. fpughtpd;u kdprp jd;u Kfj;ijf; fpughtpd;u gf;fk; jpug;gpdh. cq;fl guk;giu v yhk; gpbthjf; $l;lk; vz;l tof;fkhd jhdpapy rhd;dh.,z;ilf;fk; xu Aj;j Nkfk; #ONkh vz;l jpifr;rgb fpugh> kfspl;lg; NghdhH. gps;is! khkhkhh> rpj;jg;gh> gup ag;gh v yhuk; epf;fpdk; rupap iy mk;kh> rh Ywijf; Nfs;. Fspf;fpw Jf;F MAj;jg;gLj;J vz;l fpugh rh y> mg;gh epq;fahu fpg;nghfp wrp. xu ya;ah> vd;id Vkhj;jpg; Nghl; bas; vd;w flikahf; fj;jpdhs;. gf;fj;jpy epz;l kr;rhs;khh> vd;dhu gps;isia tshj;j tr;rpuf;fpdk; vd FRFRj;jJ fpughtpd;u fhjpy tpoe;jj. fpughtpd;u jha;> Xukha;,Ue;J rpd; djha; mofpwj Nfl;lJ. fpughtpd;u kdprpapd; Nfhgk; fpugh Tf;F Nky jpuk;g> thf;fthjk; tyj; jj.,ijg; ghwf;f Kbahj kfs; vok;gp mg;gk;khtpd;u miwaf;fs;s Ngha; cs;shy G+l;Lg; Nghl;bl;lhs;. Nk jl;l elj;jl;l fpo;jj;jl;l v yhk; gugug;gha;,ue;jj. fpo,ue;j fpughtpd;u kdprpapd;u %j;j mz;zd; Nky te;jhh. vd;d elf;fj vz;l Nff;f> mts; rlq;ffjtk; ra;apwj;jf;f tukhl;lhshk;.,j yhk; jdf;f gpbf; fhjhk;. fhiyapy mq;nfna jhd; Fspr;Rg; Nghl;lhsk; vz;l fpugh tpd;u kdprp rhd;dh. mtuk; jha;khkd; vz;l cupiknahl gps;isia $g;gpl;lg; ghhj;jhh. md; gha;f; $g;gpl;lhh> ruptnu y. flik ahf; fj;jpg; ghj;jhh> mts; Nff;fpw khjpupj; jupna y. mtw;iu Ngr;R vlglhk Nghdjpy> Nfhgk; cr;rpaj; jhl;buf;f NtZk;. Vwpd Nfhgj;ij,wf;f NtZNk... vd;dz;lb gps;isia tsj;j itr; rpuf;fpwha; vz;l rh ypf; fhz;l fpughtpd;u kdprpf;f fd;dj;ijg;ghj;jp tpl;lhh xu mb. kdprp Roz;L tpo> gpbr;rj fpughjhd;. tspapy ele;jfhz;bue;j fnshg uk; cs;sf;fpue;j kfsf;f tpsq;fp apuf;f NtZk;. fjitj; jpwe;jhs;. fytu G+kp vd;d khjpup mikjpahr;rj vz;l jup- Na y. v yhuk; NfSq;Nfh vz;lwij kl; Lk; jkpopy rh ypg; Nghl;L> kpr;rj;ij Mq;fpyj;jpy rj;jkha;r; rhd;dhs;. rhkj;jpaglfpwj vz;lwj xu rpd;d tprak;. cq;fil Cupiy mj gupa tprakha;,uf;fyhk;. jatra;j vdf;fhu rlq;fk; ra;aj; Njit ap iy. epq;fs; rhg;gpl;bl;lg;nghq;nfh. mts; fijr;r Mq;fpyk; te;jitf;f KOrh tpsq;fwj;jf;fs;s> rj;jkpl;l Ntfj;jpNyNa kpz;lk; fjitg; G+l; bf; fhz;lhs;. Mq;fpyk; tpsq;fhj mg;gk;kh> gps;is rk;kjpr;rpl;lhnsh vz;l> fyq;fpd fz; izj; Jilr;rgb Mupl;ilNah Nfl; Lf; fhz;bue;jhh. thr kzp xypf;f> xuth fjitj; jpwe;jhh. Nfw;wupq; rhg;ghl thryf;f te;jtpl; bue;jj. selvam.a@thaiveedu.com

117 jha;tpl brk;gu; December

118 jha;tpl brk;gu; December 2018

mg;ghtpd; Glit tpahghuk; ed;whfr; ropj;j,yhgk; fhopj;jf; fhz;bue;j fhyg;gfjp. ehd; itj;jpauhfk; fdtld; V.v gupl;irf;f jptpukhfg; gbj;jf; fhz; bue;njd;.

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