Maritime Archaeology Association of Victoria discover. SS Vicky. John Osmond on the wreck near one of the cargo cranes (Photo by James Parkinson)

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1 Volume 37 Issue 1 March 2018 AIMA NEWSLETTER Australasian Institute for Maritime Archaeology Maritime Archaeology Association of Victoria discover SS Vicky John Osmond on the wreck near one of the cargo cranes (Photo by James Parkinson) IN THIS Issue 1 Heritage Victoria (continued 3 4) 2 AIMA President s Report 3 Vale Ray Sutcliffe 5 6 News from New Zealand 7 15 News from New South Wales: M-24 (7 8) Cosmos Archaeology (9 15) Student Spotlight: Agni Mochtar Peter Harvey Senior Maritime Archaeologist, Heritage Victoria Maritime Archaeology Association of Victoria (MAAV) members notified of their discovery of the wreck of SS Vicky on 12 March The search for Vicky was undertaken by MAAV members using a private vessel fitted with remote sensing equipment. MAAV members involved in the expedition were Malcolm Venturoni, John Osmond, James Parkinson and Felix Venturoni accompanied by Dr John Silver, Pat Wright, Cami Plum and Richie Essers. The wreck lies in 58 metres of water about 25 nautical miles south of Seaspray. James Parkinson and John Osmond dived and photographed the wreck and confimed its identity by comparing the features found 1 on the site with a contemporary Australasian Institute of Maritime Archaeology Inc. Department of Maritime Archaeology WA Museum 47 Cliff St Fremantle WA 6160 ABN Registration No. A J Western Australia Associations Incorporations Act 1987 Section 18(6) ISSN

2 AIMA 2NEWSLETTER From the President s desk March 2018 Welcome to the first edition of the AIMA Newsletter for First, a big thank you once again to Maddy Fowler, our newsletter editor, for all her hard work. The newsletter continues to be a vital way for members to keep on top of important news, work and developments. Although the January, February and March period includes the New Year break, AIMA has been busy. AIMA has partnered with UNESCO Jakarta and other Indonesian government agencies and colleagues to plan a two-day symposium in Bali, Indonesia, to be held later in 2018 or early Although still in the planning stage, the proposal involves one day of presentations and a second day of fieldwork on the Liberty shipwreck. The plan is for the presentations to be published in a bilingual AIMA Special Publication, meaning each paper is presented in English and Bahasa Indonesian. The fieldwork will address recording and management issues flagged by the local heritage managers. This has been a wonderful opportunity to strengthen relationships between colleagues, and we await to hear if we were successful with grant funding. Regardless of whether grant support is awarded, it is an exciting initiative to which we are committed. Other news includes further progress on the drafting of scientific dive standards (training and operational) as issued by Standards Australia. To recap, AIMA has been awarded a seat on the Standards Australia SF- 17 dive committee, which drafts Australian and New Zealand dive standards. Currently the scientific diver training standard and the scientific operational standard are under review. SF-17 has formed a Scientific Diver Working Group (SDWG) to draft the standards and present them to SF-17 for consideration. I sit as AIMA s representative on both SF-17 and the SDWG, and have been working hard with the SDWG to draft these standards. The AIMA Dive Committee, chaired by Matt Carter, advises me on AIMA s position on key issues, to assure I 15th International Symposium on Boat & Ship Archaeology Marseilles October The 2018 ISBSA 15 theme is: Open sea, closed sea: Local traditions and inter-regional traditions in shipbuilding Recent discoveries of significant ship finds represent our interests effectively. The SDWG is working towards the next SF-17 meeting to be held in May, and I ll report on the results in the next newsletter. In other news, we prepare for the departure of our Vice President Danielle Wilkinson to England where she takes up an exciting position with Wessex Archaeology. Dani will continue as a VP with all the tremendous opportunities her relocation provides AIMA, including strengthening relationships with significant organisations such as the Nautical Archaeology Society. Furthermore, AIMA is an accredited NGO to the 2001 UNESCO Convention on the Protection of the Underwater Cultural Heritage, and Dani will represent AIMA at the next meeting of both the State Parties to the Convention and its technical body scheduled for April in Paris. David Steinberg President Studies in ship construction Advances in research methods Experimental nautical archaeology Nautical ethnography ISBSA 15 is open to the presentation of significant finds from all parts of the world and strongly encourages participation from colleagues outside Europe. AIMA Newsletter March 2018 Volume 37 Issue 1 ISSN

3 AIMA NEWSLETTER 3 Vale Ray Sutcliffe Ross Anderson Curator Maritime Archaeology, Western Australian Museum It is with great sadness that AIMA learnt of the demise of a dear friend and supporter of maritime history and archaeology, writer and filmaker Ray Sutcliffe, who passed away at home in the UK on or about Friday 2 February. Although a non-diver, much of Ray s life revolved around maritime archaeology and through his storytelling gifts he did much to raise broader public awareness on the significance of shipwrecks through his filmmaking. Ray was especially renowned for his involvement as producer/director/editor of the BBC flagship series, Chronicle. The Chronicle episode on Batavia remains on continuous loop in the Western Australian Shipwrecks Museum, while other episodes featured the Trinidad de Valencera and Amsterdam shipwrecks. Other films included Sutton Hoo, Mary Rose and Wasa. Ray was a key driver in the ambitious project to salvage engineer Isambard Kingdom Brunel s great iron ship SS Great Britain and tow the vessel back to the UK from the Falkland Islands, and he directed the BBC film The Great Iron Ship (1970) about the project ( watch?v=bb-ae8fksv8). He was also a passionate supporter of the Newport Medieval Ship Project. Ray always made an effort to travel around the world each year to come to AIMA conferences as he enjoyed the friendships and atmosphere, and he was disappointed not to be able to come in the last couple of years as health issues slowed him down. RIP Ray you will be greatly and sadly missed, but your legacy will live on in your films, your contribution to historic ship preservation, and our fond memories of you as the saying goes friendships are the best ships. Heritage Victoria continued photograph of the ship. The wreck is in a remarkable state of preservation and, unlike most other wrecks along the Victorian coast, has not been damaged by looting or salvage activities. Heritage Victoria and MAAV have a long standing and productive partnership that has led to the discovery and documentation of a large number of the State s most important underwater cultural heritage sites. Vicky was originally thought to have been wrecked in Tasmanian waters but detailed research by community group MAAV, working with Heritage Victoria maritime staff, led to the finding of the wreck on the Victorian side of the border. ISSN AIMA Newsletter March 2018 Volume 37 Issue 1

4 AIMA 4NEWSLETTER HMVS Cerberus On 25 October 2017, City of Bayside applied to the Executive Director Heritage Victoria for a permit under the Heritage Act 1995 to use marine concrete infill to support the armoured breastwork and turrets of Cerberus. The City of Bayside favours the use of the infill option because it mitigates the public safety risk presented by the wreck while at the same time stabilising the wreck and preventing further collapse. SS Vicky (Australian National Shipwreck Database/National Library of Australia) The Philippines registered collier SS Vicky sank in Bass Strait on 24 June 1956 after breaking down in fierce storms on a voyage from Sydney to Melbourne. Vicky was a 52 metre long, twin screw steel steamship built at Aberdeen, Scotland, by J. Lewis & Sons Ltd. in 1930, and was powered by a pair of triple-expansion steam engines. Captain Miguel Barrientos sent out distress messages at 5:30 am on 23 June, but it was not until nearly 12 hours later that the freighter King David arrived on the scene to assist. During the night several attempts were made to get Vicky under tow but each was thwarted by huge seas. Around daylight Vicky was hit by a series of huge waves which broke over the ship and caused it to heel over. The captain ordered the crew to don life belts and abandon the ship in the lifeboats. One lifeboat was smashed in its davits and soon afterwards Vicky foundered. The port lifeboat floated free of the wreck and was able to rescue 14 of the crew, including the captain. Three other crew members were rescued from the sea by the tanker Trochurus, which had also arrived on the scene, but two died shortly afterwards, presumably from exposure. Seven of the 22 crew members died in the wreck. Carlisle discovery Vicky is the second wreck that was previously thought to be in Tasmanian waters but which when discovered was found to be (just) within Victorian waters. In May last year, the wreck of Carlisle was found in deep water off Wilsons Promontory by MV Investigator during a research voyage. MAAV members Malcolm and Felix Venturoni dived the site the following month and confirmed its identity. As the permit application was made prior to the commencement of the Heritage Act 2017, the permit application must be assessed under section 113 of the Heritage Act It should be noted that the process for assessing permits for shipwrecks is the same in the Heritage Act 1995 and Heritage Act Although not required to do so under the Heritage Act 1995 or Heritage Act 2017, in this instance, because of the high level of public interest in the wreck of Cerberus, the Executive Director Heritage Victoria will advertise the permit application and invite public submissions before making a determination. More information is available at www. heritage.vic.gov.au. Staffing Jane Mitchell has decided to leave Heritage Victoria for a change of lifestyle in the NSW Central Highlands. Jane is greatly missed by the Heritage Victoria team. We wish her well. AIMA Newsletter March 2018 Volume 37 Issue 1 ISSN

5 Australasia NEWS Edwin Fox Updates Kurt Bennett PhD Candidate, Flinders University New Zealand AIMA NEWSLETTER 5 During April 2017 and January 2018, the Edwin Fox hull was measured to record existing structural features and hull dimensions for my PhD research. This research investigates cultural and environmental factors that influenced changes in design and construction of English East Indiamen during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. Edwin Fox represents a nineteenthcentury example and is made more significant due to it being the last surviving hull of its type. History concerning Edwin Fox can be read in the previous AIMA Newsletter (Issue 36.4). The below describes one of the project s aims, to produce a midship crosssection. In April 2017, Matthew Carter (La Trobe University) and Katarina Jerbić (Flinders University) joined me in Picton to record Edwin Fox s midship. The team spent six days recording the section, starting with the exterior and then moving to the interior. The scale of the ship presented a challenge for the researchers measuring m in length by 9 m in beam. A range of techniques were used Matthew and Katarina undertake plumb bob measurements (Photo by author) ISSN AIMA Newsletter March 2018 Volume 37 Issue 1

6 AIMA 6NEWSLETTER Midship drawing (Figure by author) to record timber features at midship. The team chose to measure the midship section using the baseline offset method with a variety of techniques. First, the team measured the external dimensions of the hull with a mixture of a plumb bob and a laser-distance measure. The plumb bob method was used as the vertical height offset measurement along the underside of the keel (X axis), while the laser was used as the horizontal distance offset measurement up the port and starboard sides (Y axis). Second, once the exterior measurements were recorded, the team transferred the midship baseline into the interior. Approximately 20 points were measured at a time and plotted onto a scaled drawing (scale 1:20). Small batches of measurements ensured that mistakes could be easily identified and amended. Finally, all the points were plotted and the 2-dimensional scaled drawing was completed. The drawing shows a midship cross-section facing the bow of the ship. The drawing provides certain details regarding the vessel s construction and technological features. Information is also represented on the drawing that was unable to be captured during the 3D laser scan survey conducted for the same project. The drawing will be presented in the final thesis. I wish to thank the fieldwork volunteers, the Edwin Fox Maritime Museum, the Marlborough Heritage Trust, AIMA Laser distance measure (Photo by author) and Flinders University for their support. AIMA Newsletter March 2018 Volume 37 Issue 1 ISSN

7 New South Wales AIMA NEWSLETTER 7 The M-24 Project Matt Carter PhD Candidate, La Trobe University The M-24 Japanese Midget Submarine sits in 56 metres of water off the Northern beaches of Sydney where it sank in the early hours of the morning on 1 June What had happened to the submarine after its unsuccessful attack on the heavy cruiser USS Chicago within the harbour was a mystery until it was found by recreational divers in Since then, under the management of the NSW Office of Environment and Heritage, the site has been protected by a 500-metre exclusion zone with penalties of up to $1.2 million for disturbing this significant war grave. With these details in mind, a project was launched under the auspices of an Explorers Club Flag Expedition by maritime archaeologist and technical diver Matt Carter, and underwater explorer and photographer Steve Trewavas with the aim of creating a 3D model of the wreck using photogrammetry. To gain access to the site, a permit was applied for from the Commonwealth Government, and a team of highly experienced technical divers assembled. The survey was undertaken with all divers utilising closed circuit rebreathers and with the support of a dedicated dive safety officer and standby diver. Once on the wreck, the team recorded the site using HD video and still photographs which were successfully combined to create a 3D model. All of the information gathered during the survey was shared with the maritime archaeologists at the NSW Office of Environment and Heritage, providing a detailed baseline of the current state of the site. A blog detailing the survey was published ( anzec.org/return-to-m-24/), and a detailed report is currently in preparation. The results from this project including the 3D model will be presented at the forthcoming conferences: The Archaeology of War at the Australian National Maritime Museum and the AIMA/ ASHA conference in Sydney in September. Project co-leaders Matt Carter and Steve Trewavas hold Explorers Club Flag #192 alongside (L-R) dive safety office Edd Stockdale, Underwater videographer Jonathan Di Cecco and support divers Karl Graddy and Gideon Liew. The Expedition team would like to thank the following organisations: Headland Creative, ProDive Manly, Halcyon Dive Systems, Fourth Element, Suex, Hugyfot, KISS Rebreathers, Shearwater Research and Pandora-lab. ISSN AIMA Newsletter March 2018 Volume 37 Issue 1

8 AIMA 8NEWSLETTER Maritime archaeologist Matt Carter inspecting the damaged bow of the M-24 submarine (Photo by Steve Follow AIMA on Twitter AIMA Newsletter March 2018 Volume 37 Issue 1 ISSN

9 Summary of Projects in 2017 Danielle Wilkinson Cosmos Archaeology (CA) is an Australian based archaeological consulting company working nationally and internationally on various projects. We specialise in historical and maritime archaeology. The last year has been particularly wet for CA with a tidal wave of maritime-related projects and dive inspections. Below are summaries of a selection of projects conducted during the year. New South Wales Cockatoo Island Wharf Maritime Archaeological Dive Inspection CA was tasked to undertake a maritime archaeological dive inspection as part of an upgrade of Parramatta Wharf on Cockatoo Island. The island is registered as part of the Australian Convict Sites listing as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. A Statement of Heritage Impact had previously been prepared by another company that included the requirement to undertake a reconnaissance dive by a maritime archaeologist to confirm that no archaeological remains would be impacted. However, archaeological remains associated with an early 1940s wharf were identified, albeit having little cultural heritage significance. Artefacts observed included milk, spirit, alcohol and medicine bottles dating from the mid-20th century onwards. The site was assessed to have the potential for archaeological AIMA NEWSLETTER 9 Cosmos Archaeology remains dating back to a 1908 wharf. The proposed works had the potential to impact these archaeological remains and, as such, recommended mitigation measures such as an Unexpected Finds Protocol and to submit a Section 139(4) Exception under the NSW Heritage Act. Cockle Bay Park Development Maritime Archaeological Assessment CA was engaged to prepare a maritime archaeological assessment for the Cockle Bay Park Development project. The eastern side of Cockle Bay has been used for maritime purposes since the beginning of the 19th century to the mid-20th century. This included the construction of 24 historic wharves within or adjacent to the study area. There have also been episodes of seawall construction and land reclamation on the eastern side of Cockle Bay throughout the last two centuries. CA undertook a site inspection on 21 August 2017 that identified remains of seawalls beneath the wharf. Following assessments will include a Statement of Heritage Impact and Management Plan. Cockle Bay Marine Structures Redevelopment Addendum Heritage Impact Statement Place Management, Property NSW undertook a programme of renewing marine structures in Cockle Bay as part of the transformation of Darling Harbour. CA was commissioned to undertake a dive inspection under the western end of Pyrmont Bridge to assess the impact of the proposed works in that area. The first Pyrmont Bridge was constructed in Passing beneath the bridge, Wharf 49 was constructed in the early 1890s as part of the expansion of the Darling Harbour railway goods yard before being widened in ca and eventually demolished in the mid-1980s. One timber pile of 250 mm diameter was identified but this was unlikely to be related to the former maritime structures due to its small diameter. It was determined that the floating walkway extension would not impact potential remains of the first Pyrmont Bridge to the north and would not impact the unidentified pile. However, it could impact potential maritime archaeological remains associated with Wharf 49 but this would be a minor disturbance and an acceptable impact. Former Ashby Ferry and Cane Punt No. 6 Statement of Heritage Impact Clarence Valley Council had resolved to prepare a Development Application for the removal of the former Ashby Ferry and Cane Punt No. 6 from Ferry Park, Maclean, adjacent to the Pacific Highway. The former Ashby Ferry is the last purpose-built ferry for the Maclean-Ashby Ferry crossing, and Cane Punt No. 6 is a characteristic and representative punt and likely the only accessible example from the extensive fleet that worked on the Clarence River. These vessels are listed on the Clarence Valley Local Environment Plan 2011 as Item I194. Clarence ISSN AIMA Newsletter March 2018 Volume 37 Issue 1

10 AIMA 10NEWSLETTER The former Ashby Ferry as inspected on 20 July 2017 (Image courtesy CA) Heritage and Conservation Register. CA previously prepared a Maritime Archaeological Survey and Statement of Heritage Impact for proposed repair works to the Glebe Island Bridge fender system in 2010, which was updated in 2014 and again in The fourth review was commissioned for use in a Review of Environmental Factors for updated proposed works, this time involving complete replacement of the fender system. Recommendations included submission of a Section 60 permit application, a heritage induction for all contractors and that all sound fabric was to be retained in place. In addition, CA was engaged to provide an impact assessment for coring of the bridge deck concrete capping. This assessed that the works would have a negligible impact and that an Exemption notification form must be lodged to the Heritage Council of NSW under Section 57 (2) of the Heritage Act The former Cane Punt No. 6 as inspected on 20 July 2017 (Image courtesy CA) Valley Council engaged CA to undertake a Statement of Heritage Impact for removal. The assessment included historical research, a site inspection, significance assessments for the vessels then the assessment of a number of options regarding their future management. The most favourable option was relocation of the vessels to the nearby Lawrence Museum for restoration and interpretation as part of a potential exhibit of working vessels. Glebe Island Bridge Statements of Heritage Impact Glebe Island Bridge is listed on the State Heritage Register as Item 1914 as well as on Schedule 4 of the Sydney REP Sydney Harbour Catchment (2005) as Item 68, and the Roads and Maritime Services Section 170 Nowra Wharf Statement of Heritage Impact The Nowra Sailing Club site is associated with the Illawarra Steam Navigation Company and is listed on the Shoalhaven Local Environmental Plan 2014 as Item 407. Unfortunately, a fire destroyed the club building in The above ground remains have since been removed leaving the wharf in place but fenced off due to safety risks. Shoalhaven Council are proposing to demolish the wharf substructure, however, there were at least two previous wharves built on the site and the potential for maritime archaeological remains. Council required a maritime AIMA Newsletter March 2018 Volume 37 Issue 1 ISSN

11 AIMA NEWSLETTER 11 archaeologist to undertake a site inspection, assess the maritime archaeological potential of the site, reassess the significance of the site as a whole and provide advice for any obligations Council may have under the NSW Heritage Act CA undertook a site inspection on 29 November 2017 with the assistance of Milly Bendell. The inspection identified potential remains of at least one previous wharf and a Statement of Heritage Impact report is currently in production. relocating them to a publicly accessible area, undertaking a conservation assessment and preparing interpretive signage for both anchors. Archival Recordings Bridge over Clarence River at Tabulam, Sportsmans Creek Bridge at Lawrence and Burrill Lake Bridge The NSW Government committed to improving road freight productivity by replacing or upgrading bridges at 17 locations, including the replacement of six heritage timber truss bridges. The bridge over Clarence River at Tabulam and Sportsmans Creek Bridge at Lawrence were both Locally heritage listed bridges, however, the Clarence River was previously listed on the State Heritage Register. CA was engaged to prepare a heritage archival report and Two Anchors Held at James Craig Road, Rozelle Heritage Assessment Roads and Maritime Services are currently in possession of two Admiralty Pattern anchors that were previously in the custody of NSW Maritime Authority. One of these anchors is believed to be from the shipwreck Centurion ( ) and had been recovered by Police divers from the shipwreck in 1988 before undergoing conservation treatment and display. The other anchor was recovered from Blackwattle Bay in early December 1991 in an attempt to free the fouled anchor chain of another vessel. The anchor was inspected by staff of the Heritage Branch in 1991 and also underwent conservation treatment. Roads and Maritime Services engaged CA to provide heritage advice and determine management measures for the two anchors. The anchors were inspected, recorded and assessed for heritage significance which found the Centurion anchor to be of State significance and the Blackwattle Bay anchor to be of Local significance. Recommendations included retaining the anchors, Western end of DeBurgh trusses on the Clarence River Bridge, facing ENE (Image courtesy CA) General view towards Sportsmans Creek Bridge, facing SSE (Image courtesy CA) ISSN AIMA Newsletter March 2018 Volume 37 Issue 1

12 AIMA 12NEWSLETTER the extent of the site and its archaeological potential. View along northern side of western causeway to Burrill Lake Bridge (Photo courtesy CA) photographic recording for each. The photographic recordings were undertaken on 31 August 2017 by Dan Tuck. NSW Roads and Maritime Services also undertook the construction of a new bridge at Burrill Lake on the Princes Highway. The former concrete bridge was built in 1956, however, there were also timber remains of a former crossing beneath it. CA prepared an archival recording of the concrete bridge and timber piles of the original 1889 bridge. Submarine Cable Maritime Cultural Heritage Assessments SX Next Cable, Indigo Central Cable and Indigo West Cable CA was commissioned to undertake a desktop maritime cultural heritage review of a proposed submarine telecommunications cable route from Sydney, running past Norfolk Island, to the USA and NZ. The study was limited to within the Australian EEZ, including the Southern Sydney Protection Zone, and identified 145 sites. CA was also engaged to undertake assessments for two Indigo cables, one running from Perth to Sydney passing through the state waters of WA, VIC, TAS and NSW, for which 49 sites were identified, and the other from Perth, running past Christmas Island to Singapore, with only three identified sites within the Australian EEZ. Squires Wharf, Putney, Parramatta River CA was engaged as part of an ongoing development application for re-development of the former Halvorsens Boat Building Complex. The site was earlier occupied by James Squire who built and operated Australia s first brewery. Squires constructed a jetty in the 1790s from which to export his produce. The structure had fallen into disrepair by the 1820s. The remains of this jetty were identified in our 2016 survey. In September 2017, additional survey and mapping took place to determine Victoria Black Rock: Proposed New Revetment Historic Cultural Heritage Assessment The Victorian Department of Environment, Land, Water and Planning is proposing to construct a revetment at Quiet Corner, between Balcombe Road and Central Avenue, Black Rock, where the bluestone seawall had been subjected to storm damage. CA was engaged to undertake an historical cultural heritage assessment to examine the impact of the proposed works on cultural features identified through historical research and field survey. The features included the 1935 wall itself which used some stone blocks from the Old Melbourne Gaol that were engraved as burial markers. Other features included the site of MacGregor s Boat Shed/House and wheel ruts associated with the construction of nearby Black Rock House. An archival recording of the seawall was among the recommendations provided, as well as recovering any stones removed and examining them for burial marks before being stored for re-use in future repairs. Port Welshpool Long Jetty Maritime Archaeological Survey and Assessment Gippsland Ports is overseeing the rehabilitation and redevelopment of Port Welshpool Long Jetty including the extraction and replacement of the majority of piles from Bent 62 to Bent 250. The jetty is listed on the Heritage Victoria Inventory (Item H ) and the proposed works AIMA Newsletter March 2018 Volume 37 Issue 1 ISSN

13 AIMA NEWSLETTER 13 (ongoing) The Victorian Government has announced its intention to build the West Gate Tunnel Project including a proposed Maribyrnong River crossing. The crossing includes the placement of 16 piers within the Maribyrnong River. The banks of the River have been used for industrial activities since the ca.1850s including facilities for boat builders, slipways, boatyards, ship breaking, an explosives store and a soap and candle works. These industries involved extensive wharfage and boating activities. There are also at least three shipwrecks near the impact area. CA was engaged to undertake a desktop assessment, targeted dive inspection and management plan for the works. The inspection was carried out with Professional Diving Services in November 2017 which located six shopping trolleys and two recent vehicle wrecks. The management plan is currently being finalised. Pile stumps with copper sheathing from old timber crossing beneath Burrill Lake Bridge (Photo courtesy CA) could impact archaeological remains. Heritage Victoria requested that the findings of an archaeological survey accompany the application for Consent to Carry Out Works on this item. CA, along with Professional Diving Services, undertook the survey in September 2017 and identified various modern materials as well as a potential for buried maritime archaeological remains. As such, it was recommended that a heritage induction be given to all site contractors as well as the implementation of an unexpected finds procedure. West Gate Tunnel Project: Maritime Archaeological Management Plan Northern Territory Underwater Cultural Heritage and Seabed Mining in the Northern Territory Strategy for Management As an initiative under the Historic Shipwrecks Program by the Department of Environment and Energy, the NT Heritage Branch of the Department of Tourism and Culture, approached CA to prepare guidelines that identify impacts on underwater cultural heritage values that may result from seabed mining and other offshore marine industries. The report listed UCH values and potential direct and indirect impacts before presenting a strategy for the successful ISSN AIMA Newsletter March 2018 Volume 37 Issue 1

14 AIMA 14NEWSLETTER assessment of proposed developments including a preassessment review followed by (as required): a desktop assessment, geophysical surveys, field investigations, significance assessments, heritage impact assessments, a maritime archaeological management plan and the implementation of management and mitigation measures. The policy will assist the NT Environment Protection Authority and Minister of Environment with the ongoing management of UCH in relation to maritime projects more generally. Major Projects Continuing into 2018 Western Harbour Tunnel and Beaches Link The Western Harbour Tunnel and Beaches Link project aims to build new integrated road and public transport facilities including harbour crossings in the wider Sydney area. CA was engaged to prepare an Issues Paper for maritime archaeological risks that may be faced during the project. This was followed with a Maritime Archaeological Desktop Assessment that closely examined the history of selected areas throughout Sydney and prepared lists of known and potential sites, possible impacts the works would have to those sites and initial mitigation. CA is currently producing a report with the results of diving inspections, updated impact assessments and mitigation measures for inclusion into two Environmental Impact Statements currently being prepared for the project. Windsor Bridge Replacement Project Strategic Conservation View of test trench locations on 30 August 2016 marked by white and orange buoys, looking upstream from Public Wharf (Photo courtesy CA) Management Plan Underwater Test Excavation and Surveys Since 2016, CA has been providing maritime heritage input into a Strategic Conservation Management Plan for the proposed replacement of the Windsor Bridge, on the Hawkesbury River, NSW. Part of the work involved a field investigation including a test excavation on the riverbed within the footprint of the former Windsor Wharf (ca ), a survey of the riverbank above the former Windsor Wharf and an underwater survey of a potential second 19th-century wharf. These investigations identified archaeological remains associated with the earliest, if not original, version of the wharf (ca.1810s) that are likely well preserved under a cobble ballast mound, partially covered with larger quarried stones that serve as erosion protection. Artefacts reflected activities on or around Windsor Wharf throughout the 19th and 20th centuries and included food and drink containers, discarded construction material and possible fastenings associated with small vessels. Footscray Wharf and Promenade Heritage Impact Statements Maribyrnong City Council is looking to upgrade the Footscray Wharf between Dynon Street Bridge and Footscray Road (Shepherd Bridge) including extensive landscaping along the riverbank, rock revetment works and the construction of a 350 m long and 6 m wide timber wharf. CA was engaged to prepare Heritage Impact Statements and all necessary submissions for permits in order to partially disturb heritage sites listed on the Victorian Heritage Register, Victorian Heritage Inventory and Heritage Overlay. In order to prepare these, CA undertook an archaeological dive inspection AIMA Newsletter March 2018 Volume 37 Issue 1 ISSN

15 with Professional Diving Services in November 2017 along the western bank of the Maribyrnong River to assess archaeological potential where the wharf is to be built. The impact assessments are currently in production. Bon Voyage, Dani Cos Coroneos This was the last CA project summary prepared by Danielle Wilkinson. Dani has since taken up a Project Manager position at Wessex Archaeology in the UK. Dani started work with CA parttime in 2012 whilst completing her Masters. It was apparent right from the start that Dani had a determined attitude to succeed in whatever role she was given. It has been one of my greatest satisfactions in this business to see Dani s talents develop and confidence grow over the five and a bit years she was with us. Her work ethic, humour, problem solving skills, dedication to her colleagues and the firm are sorely missed. We all wish her well in her new digs and hope she doesn t stay away from Australia too long. AIMA NEWSLETTER 15 Dani Wilkinson (Photo courtesy Cos Coroneos) Timber piles and ties along the western bank of the Maribyrnong River (Photo courtesy CA) ISSN AIMA Newsletter March 2018 Volume 37 Issue 1

16 AIMA 16NEWSLETTER StudentSPOTLIGHT The seventh-century AD. Punjulharjo boat from Indonesia: A study of the early Southeast Asian lashed-lug boatbuilding tradition Agni Mochtar Agni Mochtar is in her final year of a Masters of Maritime Archaeology at Flinders University. This thesis examines the wooden boat remains, dated from the seventh century, in the northern coast of Rembang, Indonesia. The boat was found in 2008, just under half a kilometre from the coastline when the local people dug out the soil to make a new salt-evaporation pond. This vessel drew much attention because it still had the full lower part of the hull intact, from the bow to stern. This remarkable condition was a rarity in Southeast Asian tropical climates like Indonesia. An excavation, undertaken soon after the discovery, revealed that the boat was of antiquity and belonged to the lashedlug tradition, one of traditional boatbuilding in Southeast Asia. Other lashed-lug vessels were also found in Malaysia, Vietnam, the Philippines, as well as Thailand. Some of these watercraft still had several strakes, and others only had one or two planks left, but the protruding lugs on the inner surface of the planks confirmed that they were all built in the same tradition. The Punjulharjo boat stood out among these watercraft because of its internal structure; frames, stringers, and thwarts were preserved and still fastened by the palm-sugar fibre ropes. The previous research on this vessel has provided significant information about the boatbuilding tradition. After the excavation, the boat underwent a lengthy process of conservation using Polyethylene glycol solution. The boat was then dismantled, arguably, to make this process easier. The disarticulated timbers never left the site; all the conservation was done on site. The treatment finished at the end of 2017 and the planks were re-assembled into the original form. The re-assembled boat was later put on display in its original position, under a semi-open shelter. This thesis attempts to carefully study the Punjulharjo boat as no further research had been conducted since the initial excavation, despite an abundance of details that had not been investigated. This thesis focuses on how the assembly method and technology used in the Punjulhajo boat s construction fit with current theories of the development of Southeast Asian wooden Agni Mochtar during fieldwork to record the Punjulharjo boat, a seventh-century lashed lug vessel in Rembang, Indonesia (Photo by T. Mochtar) boatbuilding. Throughout the chapters, it will overview the current theories of Southeast Asian boatbuilding technology and analyse the application of lashed-lug boatbuilding techniques in the Punjulharjo boat. Through a comparison with boatbuilding technology used in Southeast Asia, this thesis examines the factors influencing the emergence of this distinctive regional technology. Finally it will contribute to the AIMA Newsletter March 2018 Volume 37 Issue 1 ISSN

17 AIMA NEWSLETTER 17 discussion about the lashedlug boatbuilding technology by confirming and/or correcting the prevailing interpretations. Data was gathered from the fieldwork in late 2017 and early 2018, during the last phase of conservation works and the reconstruction of the timbers. The recording of the disarticulated components was essential to amass information about the technique used in building this boat. This information included the plank joinery, fastenings, lashings, strengthening, as well as the use of wing ends on the boat s extremities. Such information was still incomprehensive in the previous research because it was difficult to observe the details in an intact hull where the fittings also concealed many parts of the strakes. Photographs and drawings from the initial excavation were reexamined to look for details that were missing from the previous examination. Also, a comparison between those and the latest data from fieldwork would aid the interpretation as many fittings were degraded after ten years and no longer available for observation. Other data such as boat iconography, artefacts from inside the boat s hull, and reports of other vessels were studied to answer the research question. This thesis is still in the writing process so a full conclusion cannot be suggested here. The current stage of the writing, however, shows that the boat remains offered much more significant information than predicted earlier to further our understanding of the traditional Southeast Asia lashed-lug boatbuilding technology. Student Spotlight Contributions to Student Spotlight are being sought from across Australasia and the Asia- Pacific Region. If you are undertaking an honours, masters or PhD in a topic relating to maritime archaeology, please send your submission to AIMA social media team member Stephanie Morris at stemor@ onkaparinga.sa.gov.au. Agni Mochtar doing post-fieldwork data processing at Flinders University (Photo by O. ElDeeb) ISSN AIMA Newsletter March 2018 Volume 37 Issue 1

18 AIMA EXECUTIVE Executive President Senior Vice President Vice President David Steinberg Ph: Ross Anderson Ph: (08) Matt Carter org.au Publications Committee Newsletter Editor Mark Polzer (Publications Editor), John McCarthy (Assistant Editor), Mick de Ruyter (Assistant Editor), Ross Anderson, David Gregory, Peter Harvey, Sarah Holland, Bill Jeffery, Margaret Leshikar- Denton, Jennifer McKinnon, Widya Nayati, David Nutley, Jason Raupp, Nathan Richards, Vicki Richards, Della Scott- Breton, Debra Shefi, Wendy van Duivenvoorde Maddy Fowler Vice President Secretary Treasurer Council Canberra New South Wales New Zealand South Australia Queensland Danielle Wilkinson org.au Celeste Jordan Phyllis Coxhill Andrew Viduka Milly Bendell, Cos Coroneos, Brad Duncan, Chris Lewczak Kurt Bennett, Andy Dodd Jonathan Benjamin, Wendy van Duivenvoorde, Trevor Winton Maddy Fowler, Peter Illidge, Amer Khan, Toni Massey Website Administrator Scholarships Committee Chair Public Officer AIMA/NAS Senior Tutor Chris Lewczak Emily Jateff Secretary Cassandra Philippou AIMA/NAS Tutors Kieran Hosty (NSW), David Steinberg (NT), Andy Dodd (NZ), Toni Massey (QLD), Peta Straiton (SA), Cass Philippou (TAS), Peter Harvey (VIC), Nic Bigourdan (WA) Please send all postal correspondence to: AIMA C/O Flinders University GPO Box 2100, ADELAIDE, SA 5001 Australasian Institute for Maritime Archaeology, Inc. Registration No. A J Western Australian Associations Incorporation Act 1987 s.18(6) Newsletter Registered by Australia Post Publication No. WBH 1635 Western Australia Victoria USA Malaysia Social Media Merchandise Vicki Richards, Deb Shefi Peter Harvey, Peter Taylor Jennifer McKinnon Charlotte Looram Danielle Wilkinson, Chris Lewczak, Milly Bendell, Stephanie Morris Peta Straiton EDITOR S NOTE This issue features some fantastic contributions from Heritage Victoria, Cosmos Archaeology, Flinders University and the Explorers Club Flag Expedition. Of note in this issue is also the launch of an AIMA Twitter and a new feature called Student Spotlights. Submissions for Issue (April June) are due by 27 July Maddy Fowler AIMA Newsletter ISSN

19 AIMA Newsletter Volume 37, Number 1 March 2018 The AIMA Newsletter is supported by: THE HISTORIC SHIPWECKS PROGRAM