Funerary mask of Tutankhamun 1327 BC. Gold inlaid with glass and semiprecious stones. Cairo Museum. New Kingdom 18th Dynasty

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1 Flashcard image Flashcard image Funerary mask of Tutankhamun 1327 BC Gold inlaid with glass and semiprecious stones Cairo Museum New Kingdom 18th Dynasty Ancient Egypt Timeless Traditions in Art & Architecture Excerpt from the Book of the Dead, New Kingdom Shows weighing feather of Maat vs. heart of dead Annubis balances scale, Horus takes Ka to Isis Afterlife guide to help transition flashcard Painted papyrus Found in tombs Geography & Ancient Egypt Nile River - floods, fertile Delta Farming, irrigation systems Complex political systems developed Seas & deserts protected the civilization from invaders stable civilization for thousands of years Very advanced civilization How does Ancient Egypt compare with other civilizations? How does Ancient Egypt compare with other civilizations? egion=afe =02&region=wam Votive Statue, 2700 BCE Ancient Near East Sumer Detail of Head of Khafre, 2490 BCE (from Temple/Pyramid) 1

2 How does Ancient Egypt compare with other civilizations? Votive Statue, 2700 BC Ancient Near East Sumer Why do we know so much about Ancient Egypt? Dry climate, tombs = survival of art & artifacts Rosetta stone - decoded language Herodotus- Greek historian, 500 BC (religious) Menathos list, 3rd century BCE- grouped kings into dynasties between 3000 & 300 BCE Strabo visited Alexandria, 100 BC Emperor Hadrian of Rome-took antiquities in 130 AD Middle ages - Bible studies : Napoleon - military & scholarly visits Archaelogical excavations & POPULAR interest ever since!! Ziggurat of Ur, 3100 BCE Great Pyramids of Giza, 2500 BCE Flashcard image Rosetta Stone 196 BC Religious decree of Pharoah Talmee (Cleopatra) Greek, demotic, hieroglyphic writing 20 yrs to decipher Rosetta Stone Jean Francois Champillon, French linguist & Dr. Thomas Young, English scientist found Cleopatra s name on the stone Discovered in early 1800s, took years to decode Champillon spoke Coptic, figured out sounds, which led to birth of Egyptology Rosetta Stone 196 BC Stone Writing. Stele of Hamurrabi from 1750 BC 2

3 Egyptian Iconography Scepter, 1960s, Ghana Egypt United: Old Kingdom Begins in 3000 BCE Dynasty I : Palette of King Narmer In pre-dynastic Egypt, each village had own gods King Narmer united upper & lower Egypt (see crown symbols united) Flashcard image Palette of King Narmer, BCE Commemorates unification of Egypt Conquered march dwellers Hierarchy of scale Hierakonpolis / Egyptian Museum, Cairo Palette of Nar-mer Side 2 Goddess Hathor on both sides- Horus helping King Marching to view headless bodies Long necked lions symbolize unification Eye makeup well on palette Palette of Narner Firsts 1. Depicted figure in twisted perspective lasted 3000 yrs 2. Low relief sculpture in registers with groundlines (1st in Egyptian art) 3. Unifed Egypt; depicted beginning of the Old Kingdom; transition away from Paleolithic farming villages 4. Religious iconography. Victory Stele of Naram-Sin, 2621 BCE Palette of Narmer 3000 BCE 3

4 Egyptian figurative conventions Used for approximately 3000 yrs Twisted Perspective REMEMBER THE ART MADE THE WORLD VIDEO??? How does this perspective reflect their culture and civilization???? Victory Stele of Naram-Sin, 2621 BCE Palette of Naner 3000 BCE Pyramids & Tombs 80 pyramids were built Began with the Mastaba (means Bench).. Mud brick tombs used in the Old Kingdom Egyptians believed that Isis ruled the underworld and judged dead souls; Ka lived forever Death & resurrection Important to preserve/mummify bodies and to provide for life in the next world Significant: 1st large scale building EVER in world Stepped Pyramid of Djoser, III Dynasty., 2630 BCE 1st large scale stone building in world, build over mastaba. 14 gateways, facades of buildings. Columns mimicked bunches of reed with papyrus tops. 4

5 Flashcard image - Great Pyramids of Giza IV Dynasty (Old Kingdom) Khafre, Khufu, Menkaure. Granite and limestone Size: height of pyramid of Khufu, 450' (137 m) How Pyramids Were Built Great Sphinx, believed to be a portrait of Khafre. Originally painted & had a beard. 2 million blocks, 1-2 tons each! How did they get them up there? Valley temple of Khafre Menkaure and Queen Khamerernebty Medium: Graywacke with traces red & black paint 54½ inches high Date: Fourth Dynasty (ruled BCE) OLD KINGDOM Source/Museum: from Giza / Museum of Fine Arts, Boston Harvard University MFA Expedition Flashcard image Equal scale Embrace Sheer dress on Queen 5

6 Pepy II and His Mother, Queen Ankhnes-Meryre She ruled until he was old enough, carved more naturalistically Egyptian alabaster 15¼ X 9 13/16" Arms posed away from side.. Less permanence Date: Sixth Dynasty, c BCE Source/Museum: The Brooklyn Museum of Art, New York Seated Scribe (FLASHCARD) Shows how different classes were portrayed. The Middle Kingdom Painted limestone; eyes of rock crystal mounted in copper Size: height 21" Date: Fifth Dynasty, c BCE OLD KINGDOM Musée du Louvre, Paris Much smaller than statues of Pharoahs, etc. (21 vs life size or over sized Limestone, not more elegant materials BCE (intermediate thru 1520) Mentuhop (11th Dynasty) kings reunited Egypt. Powerful, unified govt w/ strong military Arts & literature flourished Portraiture became more sensitive & realistic Rock-cut tombs, Beni Hasan. Middle Kingdom Date: Twelfth Dynasty, c BCE Head of Senusret III Yellow quartzite 17¾ X 13½ X 17" More realistic Looks tired, older Middle Kingdom Twelfth Dynasty, c. c BCE Dynamic King who led 4 expeditions into Nubia; overhauled administration 6

7 May the sun god give eternal life to Senusret II ankh, falcons, cobras, Ra Pectoral of Senusret II, Gold and semiprecious stones Date: Twelfth Dynasty, c (ruled c BCE) Tomb of Princess Sithathoryunet, el-lahun. / The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York. Hippopotamus, Middle Kingdom, 12th dynasty. Made of faience. Goddess Taweret? The New Kingdom BCE Hykkos invaded; 18th Dynasty reunited kingdom Thutmose III (1st Pharoah) expanded Egypt into present day Syria Trade with near East Built New Kingdom Temples & tombs to glorify kings / Pharoahs Stele of Amemhat I, 12th Dynasty (Middle Kingdom) Portrays daily family life. Found in his tomb. 11 x 15 Symmetrical & Axial Design (processional path) Covered area size of 60 football fields; hypostyle hall w/ lots of columns Ruins of the Great Temple of Amun at Karnak, Egypt Statues of gods clothed and fed daily by priests (New Kingdom, 1579 BCE) Added to by various Pharoahs; sacred lake, coronation rooms 7

8 Flower & Bud columns Hypostyle Hall Great Temple of Amun at Karnak cts/karnak/experience/intro ductiontothetempleofkar nak/1 Queen Hatshepsut Enthroned New Kingdom, BCE FLASHCARD IMAGE 20 year reign, 1st female Pharoah portrayed in art Sometimes shown as male w/false beard Led diplomacy with Punt Built incredible funerary temple positioned against high cliffs, oriented towards Karnak Funerary Temple of Queen Hatshepsut, Deir El-Bahri 1473 BCE (New Kingdom) Fowling Scene, Tomb of Nebamum, 1400 BCE (New King.), fragment of wall painting, British Museum Flashcard image, not in book 18th dynasty Suggests distance & movement Animals, butterflies naturalistic Wife/daughter smaller than Nebamum (hierarchy of scale) Hieroglyphic: enjoying himself and seeing beauty, (Forever young?) Marsh symbolizes rebirth Cat can symbolize deity hunting enemies of light and order Amarna Period: Revolution in Art and Religion BCE Changed name to Akhenaten (one who is effective for Aten, a god) 1st Monotheist in Egypt: Worshipped Aten (sun god) New capital in Tell el-amarna Changed typical Egyptian figurative style in artworks Promoted glass making 8

9 How is this Akhenaten, Colossal Figure, located at Temple of Karnak (16 tall) Relief so Different? Long face, thin neck, swollen belly, somewhat androgynous looking. Built temples to Aten.. Sun disk, open courtyards Wife Queen Nefertiti was priestess Truth (Maat) emphasized more realistic artwork and informal situations. Akhenaten & his Family, 1353 BCE (New Kingdom), painted limestone sunken relief Fave wife of Ramses III Queen Tiye, New Kingdom Queen Nefertiti Funerary piece of yew wood, ebony, glass, silver, gold, lapis, cloth, clay & wax (flashcard) BCE Diplomacy w/hittites Entire sculpture was 1/3 life size 18th Dynasty/ mother of kings New Kingdom Book of Dead Married for love. Painted limestone Shown w/god Horus frequently Played key role in affairs of state husband Amenhotep III. 21 (life size) Realistic style; African features Tomb found in Most impressive Queen s tomb found Older woman, mom of Akhenanten Egyptians mastered glass blowing & faience Tutankhamun & Ramses II: Return to Tradition Priesthood of Amun regained former power a few years after Akhenaten s death Tutankhaten = Tutankhamun (changed name) Court moved back to Thebes Tutankhamun s tomb discovered in 1922-incredible riches captured public imagination (died young) Ramses II built mighty empire.. Peace with Hittites Amazing Temple of Ramses II at Abu Simbel (see Object Speaks in book) 9

10 Flashcard image Funerary mask of Tutankhamun 1327 BC Gold inlaid with glass and semiprecious stones Flashcard image Cairo Museum New Kingdom 18th Dynasty Inner Coffin of Tutankhamun s Sarcophagus Gold inlaid with glass and semiprecious stones Eighteenth Dynasty, BCE, New Kingdom Source/Museum: Tomb of Tutankhamun, Valley of the Kings, near Deir el-bahri / Egyptian Museum, Cairo Temple of Ramses II at Abu Simbel 4 65 foot statues of Ramses Queen Nefertrari, wife of Ramses II, shown behind his leg Association w/gods, Religious & political power Hieratic scale? Mummy wrapping of a young boy Medium: Linen wrappings with gilded stucco buttons and inserted portrait in encaustic on wood Size: height of mummy 53⅜ " (133 cm) portrait 9½ X 6½" Date: Roman period, c CE AFTER NEW KINGDOM ENDED, ROMAN RULE Source/Museum: Hawara / The British Museum, London Conventions of Roman painting not Egyptian Judgment of Hunefer before Osiris, Scene from Book of the Dead Painted papyrus, height 15⅝ " (39.8 cm), Nineteenth Dynasty, c BCE NEW KINGDOM Illustration From a Book of The Dead. The British Museum, London KNOW RELIGIOUS SIGNIFICANCE, HOW THIS WAS USED! Eater waits for judgment Feather of Maat vs. Heart Osiris, king of underworld 10