Gift of the Nile. Chapter 5 Lesson 1

Size: px

Start display at page:

Download "Gift of the Nile. Chapter 5 Lesson 1"

Kristopher Phillips
6 years ago
Views:

1 Ancient Egypt

2 Gift of the Nile Chapter 5 Lesson 1

3 Terms 5-1 cataract delta silt fertile linen

4 Geography of Ancient Egypt The Nile river supported the Egyptian civilization.

5 The Longest River upper Nile in the South lower Nile in the North The Nile floods at the same time every year, so farmers could predict when to plant their crops.

6 Red Land, Black Land the Black Land is the dark, rich soil along the river the Red Land is the barren desert summer is 8 months of sun and hot winter is 4 months of sun and cooler

7 isolation The harsh desert acted as a barrier swampy coast to the north Mountains to the south

8 Land of Plenty farmers knew when the floods would arrive

9 Agricultural Techniques They dug irrigation canals to transport water to dry areas. They used a shaduf to draw water from the river. These new techniques gave them more farmland

10 Egyptian Crops grind wheat into flour, and bake bread vegetables: lettuce, radishes, asparagus, & cucumbers fruits: dates, figs, grapes, watermelons and more made linen, using the fibers of the flax plants

11 Egyptian Houses mud brick buildings, with palm tree roofs white walls to reflect the sun s heat woven reed mats as bed on the dirt floors the rich had bed frames and cushions poor egyptians often cooked, ate, and slept outside

12 Geography Shapes Egyptian Life Farming was not the only work for Egyptians.

13 Mining The Black Land did not have minerals In the Red Land, had copper, iron to the south they found gold precious stones also, turquoise & lapis lazuli

14 Fishing and Hunting Egyptians use light weight reed boats fished with nets and harpoons hippopotamuses were speared caught quails with nets use boomerangs to knock down ducks and geese

15 Transportation and Trade after equipping their boats with sails and oars, the Nile became a highway the current carried the boats north with sails the wind blew the boats south Egypt often had surpluses, they use bartering to trade with other people because Egyptians had no money.

16 Review Questions Why did Egypt develop along the Nile? 4. How did irrigation canals expand farmland in Egypt? 5. How did trade along the Nile come about?

17 Life in Ancient Egypt Chapter 5 Lesson 2

18 Life in Ancient Egypt The Nile River made life easy for Egyptians

19 Terms 5-2 scribe hieroglyph papyrus afterlife embalm mummy

20 Work and Family Life Farmers produce more, leading to surpluses, leading to cities becoming centers of culture and power. People learn to do jobs that do not involve agriculture. for example scribes

21 Specialized Jobs skilled artisans some built with stone and brick, others made pottery, incense, mats, furniture, linen clothing, sandals, or jewelry some travel to trade with other Africans took scrolls, linen, gold, jewelry return with wood, animal skins, live beasts

22 Rulers and Priest As Egypt grew, the government divided the empire into 42 provinces. Priest had the most important jobs, following rituals and took care of the temples Together the priest and the ruler kept the gods happy. Unhappy gods meant the Nile would not flood

23 Slaves Slaves were at the bottom of society. Who became slaves? owed a debt, committed a crime, captured in war Slaves usually freed

24 Life for Women In Egypt women had the equal rights as men, they own and manage their property. most women jobs was caring for children Some worked in workshops, fields or wove cloth

25 Childhood Children in Egypt played with dolls, animal figures, board games, and marbles. Boys and girls play rough physical games Rich kids went to school to become scribes or priests. Poor kids learned their parents jobs. Egyptians married in their early teens.

26 Expanding Knowledge Much of the knowledge came from priest studying the world to find ways to please the gods.

27 Astronomy 5000 years ago the Egyptian studied the stars, developed the world s first practical calendar. Sirius appeared shortly before the flooding began.

28 Geometry They use geometry to redraw the property lines after a flood. Squares and triangles were sacred, used to design royal temples and monuments.

29 Medicine doctors prepared dead bodies for burial, so they knew the parts of the body. They thought the brain pumped blood, and the heart controlled thought. World s first surgery

30 Hieroglyphs starting with 700 characters later developed into over 6,000 symbols developed paper like material, called papyrus used papyrus to create some of the first books

31 Belief and Religion Because the Nile provided all they needed, Egyptians had a positive view of life.

32 Life After Death Because, the Egyptians had a good life, they believed in a happy afterlife. What did the Sumerians think of the afterlife?

33 Many Gods Egyptians believed in polytheism, many gods who controlled the afterlife and nature. Re (ray) the sun god Osiris (oh SY rihs) god who judged the dead Isis (EYE sihs) god of fertility, Osiris wife Anubis (uh NOO bihs) god of the dead

34 Making Mummies Egyptians thought they would need their bodies in the afterlife, so they embalmed dead people. a mummy was placed in a tomb that held everyday objects, furniture, and wall paintings of the person s life.

35 Review Questions Why were some Egyptians able to become artisans 4. How were hieroglyphs used? 5. What duties did priest have?

36 The Pyramid Builders Chapter 5 Lesson 3

37 Terms 5-3 dynasty succession pharaoh pyramid step pyramid Khufu

38 The Old Kingdom Legend says Narmer united Upper and Lower Egypt. Once united the ruler wore the Double Crown

39 The First Dynasty More than 30 dynasties ruled Ancient Egypt

40 Pharaohs Rule Pharaoh means Great House Pharaoh was thought to be the child of a god or a god himself.

41 Khufu s Great Pyramid First kings were buried underground King Djoser built the step pyramid over his tomb

42 The Great Pyramid Khufu wanted to build the largest pyramid. miners cut stone with copper saws and chisels. teams of worker pulled the stone slabs up a long sloping ramp. 20,000 Egyptians worked for 20 years to build the Great Pyramid.

43 Grave Robbers Pyramids made it easy for tombs raiders to find and steel the pharaoh s treasure. Egyptians believe for a happy afterlife their tombs can not be robbed. Later, the New Kingdom pharaohs would hide their tombs in the valley of the kings.

44 Inside the Tombs tombs were suppose to be palaces for the pharaoh in the afterlife filled with everything they needed. artists decorated the walls with carvings and paints that glorified the perfect image of the pharaoh wall paints showed pharaoh enjoying life

45 Middle Kingdoms for 500 years Egyptian king lost power to local rulers of the provinces this weak center government period is named the Middle Kingdom

46 Invasions during the Middle Kingdom the nomadic Hyksos invaded Egypt after 100 year occupation, the New Kingdom began

47 Review Questions Why were religion and government not separate in ancient Egypt? 4. What were some of the main features of Egyptian art? 5. What group was able to conquer Egypt during the Middle Kingdom?

48 The New Kingdom Chapter 5 Lesson 4

49 Terms 5-4 Hatshepsut obelisk Ramses II

50 A Woman Pharaoh New Kingdom had some of the most powerful pharaohs, who strengthened Egypt by expansion.

51 Taking Power First woman pharaoh, wore the false beard of pharaoh

52 Trade Grows Did not only wage war, but expanded trade Travelled across the desert to the Red Sea, south to Punt in order to make Egypt rich Traders returned with rare herds, spices, scented wood, live monkeys and potted trees for making incense.

53 Hatshepsut s Monuments She had red granite obelisks, carved with hieroglyphs to proclaim her glory.

54 Mysterious End After her 15 year rule, she disappeared Thutmose III tried to erase her reign

55 A reforming Pharaoh One pharaoh dared to defy the gods

56 A New Belief When Akhenaton became pharaoh, he lifted Aton to the highest status. He build a new capital city, Akhetaton. He promoted the worship of only one god.

57 Realistic Art Carvings of Akhenaton was realistic, not perfect. He had a large stomach

58 Reform Ends After his death, Tutankhamen returned Egypt to worshiping the old gods.

59 A Powerful Pharaoh Ramses II ruled for 66 years, the longest in history.

60 Empire Builder Ramses the Great made Egypt powerful and rich by war. extended Egypt south into Nubia extended Egypt north to border the Hittite empire

61 Military Leader Nobody won the battle when Ramses led his army against the Hittites, but he claimed victory. His treaty with the Hittites is the first known peace treaty in the world.

62 Ramses Reign Ramses honor himself building a city called House of Ramses Ramses II appeared godlike in all artwork. Ruling for 66 year made his government stable. The Nile s reliable flooded leaded to more plentiful crops.

63 Egyptian Decline After Ramses II, the central government weakened Egypt was conquered by a series of foreign powers Alexander the Great, king of Macedonia conquered Egypt Egypt was ruled by Macedonians till the Romans arrived.

64 Review Questions What was unusual about the reign of Hatshepsut? 4. How did Akhenaton try to change the way the Egyptians worshiped? 5. Why was the government of stable under Ramses II?

Chapter 5 Lesson 1 Notes: The Gift of the Nile

Chapter 5 Lesson 1 Notes: The Gift of the Nile Geography of Ancient Egypt The Longest River The River is 4,160 miles long - is the world s longest river - begins near equator in Africa - flows north to